Qiskit / qiskit-fermions / 29101366258

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fix: raise on too-small num_qubits in jordan_wigner (#174)

Mapping a FermionOperator whose largest mode index was >= num_qubits
aborted the whole process with a non-unwinding panic from the underlying
qk_obs_* calls, giving no catchable error. Add an up-front bounds check in
the core jordan_wigner, which now returns Result and reports a new
CoherenceError::NumQubitsTooSmall. The pyext wrapper maps this to a Python
ValueError; the C API qf_jordan_wigner now writes its result through an
out-parameter and returns a QkExitCode (ValueError on bad input). Adds
regression tests at the core, Python, and C-API layers.

This commit was assisted by Claude Opus 4.8

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