ruby-grape / grape / 25609895419

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Make ParamsScope#validates pure via ValidationsSpec

`Grape::Validations::ParamsScope#validates(attrs, validations)` used
to consume the validations hash destructively across six helpers
(`infer_coercion`, `derive_validator_options`, `validates_presence`,
`coerce_type`, `document_params`, `extract_details`). The caller's
hash was mutated in place; passing a frozen hash would crash the
pipeline.

Introduces `Grape::Validations::ValidationsSpec` — a small frozen
value object that parses the raw hash once and exposes named
accessors. `validates` becomes a thin dispatcher that hands the spec
to the helpers; the raw hash is never written to. Helpers that used
to read/delete are gone:

  * `infer_coercion` → `ValidationsSpec#parse_coerce` (private)
  * `derive_validator_options` → `ValidationsSpec#shared_opts`
  * `validates_presence` → `ParamsScope#validate_presence(spec, ...)`
  * `coerce_type` (the helper) → `ParamsScope#validate_coerce(spec, ...)`
  * `guess_coerce_type` → `ValidationsSpec#guess_coerce_type` (private)
  * `options_key?` → no longer needed; `ValidationsSpec#resolve_value`

`ParamsDocumentation#document_params` now takes the spec instead of
the raw hash and reads via `spec.raw[...]` without deletion. The
`do_not_document` short-circuit no longer mutates either; it just
returns early.

Behaviour preserved:

  * Order of validator dispatch (presence → coerce → others).
  * `:message` belonging to presence is suppressed for later
    validators (it's in `SPEC_CONSUMED_KEYS`).
  * `:allow_blank` and `:length` remain dual-purpose (shared opt + own
    validator entry; doc source + own validator entry).
  * `check_coerce_with` still raises `ArgumentError` at definition
    time when `coerce_with:` is supplied without a type.

Adds:

  * `lib/grape/validations/validations_spec.rb` — value object.
  * `spec/grape/validations/validations_spec_spec.rb` — unit tests
    including a frozen-hash test that asserts `from(frozen_hash)` does
    not raise... (continued)

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