stillwater-sc / universal / 23117684882

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Commit Message

feat(unum): implement Phase 1 core type and storage for unum Type I (#572)

Implement the foundational unum Type I number system with:

- Fixed-size blockbinary storage sized to the maximum unum word width,
  computed from template parameters esizesize and fsizesize
- Bit layout: [ubit][fsize_field][esize_field][fraction][exponent][sign]
  with the utag (ubit + size fields) at fixed LSB positions
- Field decode: esize(), fsize(), ubit(), sign(), exponent(), fraction()
- nbits_used() returns actual word width for current esize/fsize config
- setbits()/bits()/clear()/setzero()/setnan() for bit manipulation
- to_binary() showing field decomposition with dot separators
- color_print() with distinct colors per field
- pretty_print() and info_print() for debugging
- type_tag() with portable type names
- Basic to_double() conversion via decoded fields
- Exception hierarchy: unum_arithmetic_exception, unum_divide_by_zero,
  unum_overflow, unum_internal_exception
- Forward declarations in unum_fwd.hpp
- numeric_limits specialization
- Tests: api.cpp (construction, zero, NaN, setbits, field decode,
  to_binary, word size, equality) and construct.cpp (configurations)

Arithmetic operators and native type conversions are stubs for Phase 2-4.

Resolves #564

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

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