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feat(scheduling): add opt-in NodeClaim optimization pass

Adds an opt-in post-scheduling optimization pass behind the
NodeClaimOptimization feature gate that detects when a NodeClaim's
greedy instance-type growth left earlier pods on a machine larger
than they need, and splits the claim at the transition point.
Displaced pods are re-queued and re-scheduled onto a fresh,
right-sized NodeClaim.

The full design, alternatives, and correctness argument live in
designs/nodeclaim-optimization.md.

Off by default. Enable via FEATURE_GATES=NodeClaimOptimization=true.
The disruption controller's simulated scheduler is intentionally
not wired to the gate — consolidation rejects multi-NodeClaim
replacements, so running the splitting pass inside a consolidation
simulation would erase valid consolidation opportunities.

Signed-off-by: Michael Manders <mmanders@amazon.com>