38736888627

Committed 15 Oct 2026 12:43PM UTC coverage: 55.418% (+0.03%) from 55.387%

Build # 38736888627

Build Type

Pull #294

github

Committed by

web-flow

Commit Message

Merge 7cb333652 into be4830954

Pull Request Pull Request #294: Preserve associations when recovering exceptions

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76.12

/app/src/main/java/fr/inria/verveine/extractor/java/EntityDictionary.java

package fr.inria.verveine.extractor.java;

import java.util.*;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;

import org.eclipse.jdt.core.dom.ASTNode;
import org.eclipse.jdt.core.dom.ArrayType;
import org.eclipse.jdt.core.dom.IBinding;
import org.eclipse.jdt.core.dom.IMethodBinding;
import org.eclipse.jdt.core.dom.IPackageBinding;
import org.eclipse.jdt.core.dom.ITypeBinding;
import org.eclipse.jdt.core.dom.IVariableBinding;
import org.eclipse.jdt.core.dom.MethodDeclaration;
import org.eclipse.jdt.core.dom.Modifier;
import org.eclipse.jdt.core.dom.QualifiedType;
import org.eclipse.jdt.core.dom.SimpleType;
import org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixjavaentities.*;
import org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixjavaentities.Class;
import org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixjavaentities.Enum;
import org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixjavaentities.Exception;
import org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixjavaentities.Package;
import org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixtraits.TAccessible;
import org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixtraits.TAssociation;
import org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixtraits.TCanBeClassSide;
import org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixtraits.TCanBeFinal;
import org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixtraits.TCanBeStub;
import org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixtraits.TCanImplement;
import org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixtraits.THasVisibility;
import org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixtraits.TImplementable;
import org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixtraits.TImplementation;
import org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixtraits.TInheritance;
import org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixtraits.TInvocationsReceiver;
import org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixtraits.TMethod;
import org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixtraits.TNamedEntity;
import org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixtraits.TParametricEntity;
import org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixtraits.TParametricAssociation;
import org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixtraits.TReference;
import org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixtraits.TSourceEntity;
import org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixtraits.TStructuralEntity;
import org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixtraits.TThrowable;
import org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixtraits.TType;
import org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixtraits.TTypeArgument;
import org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixtraits.TTypedEntity;
import org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixtraits.TWithAccesses;
import org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixtraits.TWithAnnotationInstances;
import org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixtraits.TWithAttributes;
import org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixtraits.TWithComments;
import org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixtraits.TWithInheritances;
import org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixtraits.TWithLocalVariables;
import org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixtraits.TWithMethods;
import org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixtraits.TWithTypes;

import ch.akuhn.fame.Repository;
import fr.inria.verveine.extractor.java.utils.ImplicitVarBinding;
import fr.inria.verveine.extractor.java.utils.Util;

/**
 * A dictionary of FamixJava entities to help create them and find them back
 * Entities are mapped to keys which are the "binding" provided by the JDT pars
 * 
 * @author anquetil
 */
public class EntityDictionary {
        private static final Logger LOGGER = Logger.getLogger(EntityDictionary.class.getName());

        /**
         * A property added to CompilationUnits to record the name of the source file they belong to.
         * Used to create FileAnchors
         */
        public static final String SOURCE_FILENAME_PROPERTY = "verveine-source-filename";

        public static final String DEFAULT_PCKG_NAME = "<Default Package>";
        public static final String MISSING_PCKG_NAME= "<Missing Package>";
        public static final String STUB_METHOD_CONTAINER_NAME = "<StubMethodContainer>";
        public static final String THIS_NAME = "this";
        public static final String SUPER_NAME = "super";
        
        public static final String OBJECT_NAME = "Object";
        public static final String METACLASS_NAME = "Class";
        public static final String OBJECT_PACKAGE_NAME = "java.lang";
        public static final String ARRAYS_NAME = "default[]";
        public static final String INIT_BLOCK_NAME = "<Initializer>";
        public static final String ANONYMOUS_NAME_PREFIX = "_Anonymous";

        public static final int UNKNOWN_MODIFIERS = 0;
        public static final String MODIFIER_PUBLIC   = "public";
        public static final String MODIFIER_PRIVATE  = "private";
        public static final String MODIFIER_PROTECTED= "protected";
        public static final String MODIFIER_PACKAGE = "package";

    /**
     * The symbol kind to use to define that a method is a default implementation in an interface
     */
    public static final String DEFAULT_IMPLEMENTATION_KIND_MARKER = "default";

        /** name of the entity representing the "unknown" type 'var'
         * The entity is intended to be unique, see {@link #ensureFamixUniqEntity(java.lang.Class, IBinding , String )}
         */
        public static final String IMPLICIT_VAR_TYPE_NAME = "<ImplicitVarType>";

        /**
         * The FAMIX repository where all FAMIX entities are created and stored
         */
        protected Repository famixRepo;

        /**
         * A dictionary to map a key (provided by the user) to FAMIX Entity
         */
        protected Map<IBinding,TNamedEntity> keyToEntity;
        /**
         * A reverse dictionary (see {@link #keyToEntity}) to find the key of an entity.
         */
        protected Map<TNamedEntity,IBinding> entityToKey;
        /**
         * Associates an enum constant with the anonymous type declared in its class body.
         * This is extraction state only; the FAMIX metamodel has no such association.
         */
        protected Map<IVariableBinding,ITypeBinding> enumConstantAnonymousTypes;

        /**
         * Another dictionary to map a name to FAMIX Entities with this name
         */
        protected Map<String,Collection<TNamedEntity>> nameToEntity;
        
        /**
         * Yet another dictionary for implicit variables ('self' and 'super')
         * Because they are implicit, they may not have a binding provided by the parser,
         * or may have the same binding as their associated type so they can't be kept easily in {@link #keyToEntity}
         */
        @Deprecated
        protected Map<Type,ImplicitVars> typeToImpVar;

        /**
         * Used to keep the two possible ImplicitVariable for a given Class binding
         * @author anquetil
         */
        @Deprecated
        protected class ImplicitVars {
                public ImplicitVariable self_iv;
                public ImplicitVariable super_iv;
        }
        
        /**
         * Result of utility methods for checking matching between two entities
         */
        private enum CheckResult {
                MATCH, UNDECIDED, FAIL;
        }

        /**
         * Option: If true, create stubs without package into a "Missing" package
         */
        protected boolean useMissingPackage;

        /** Constructor taking a FAMIX repository
         * @param famixRepo
         */
        public EntityDictionary(Repository famixRepo) {
                        this.famixRepo = famixRepo;
                        
                        this.keyToEntity = new Hashtable<IBinding,TNamedEntity>();
                        this.entityToKey = new Hashtable<TNamedEntity,IBinding>();
                        this.nameToEntity = new Hashtable<String,Collection<TNamedEntity>>();
                        this.typeToImpVar = new Hashtable<Type,ImplicitVars>();
                        this.enumConstantAnonymousTypes = new HashMap<>();
                        
                        if (! this.famixRepo.isEmpty()) {
                                recoverExistingRepository();
                        }
                }
        
        /** Constructor taking a FAMIX repository and the useMissingPackage option
         * @param famixRepo
         * @param useMissingPackage
         */
        public EntityDictionary(Repository famixRepo, boolean useMissingPackage) {
                        this.famixRepo = famixRepo;
                        this.useMissingPackage = useMissingPackage;
                        
                        this.keyToEntity = new Hashtable<IBinding,TNamedEntity>();
                        this.entityToKey = new Hashtable<TNamedEntity,IBinding>();
                        this.nameToEntity = new Hashtable<String,Collection<TNamedEntity>>();
                        this.typeToImpVar = new Hashtable<Type,ImplicitVars>();
                        this.enumConstantAnonymousTypes = new HashMap<>();
                        
                        if (! this.famixRepo.isEmpty()) {
                                recoverExistingRepository();
                        }
                }

    /**
         * Resets the dictionnary in a proper state after loading entities from an existing MSE file:
         * <UL>
         * <li>map all named entities to their names in <b>mapName</b></li>
         * <li>reset some boolean properties (e.g. <b>isStub</b>) that are false (they are not saved in the mse file and therefore not initialized)</li>
         * </ul>
         */
        protected void recoverExistingRepository() {
                for (NamedEntity ent : famixRepo.all(NamedEntity.class)) {
                        try {
                                mapEntityToName(ent.getName(), ent);
                        } catch (java.lang.Exception e) {
                                LOGGER.log(Level.WARNING, "Error recovering entity " + ent.getName() + " from repository " + famixRepo, e);
                        };
                        // for the Exception to be raised, the return value must be tested
                        try { if (((TCanBeStub) ent).getIsStub()) {} }
                        catch (NullPointerException e) { ((TCanBeStub)ent).setIsStub(Boolean.FALSE); }
                }

                for (Access acc : famixRepo.all(Access.class)) {
                        // for the Exception to be raised, the return value must be tested
                        try { if (acc.getIsWrite()) {}        }
                        catch (NullPointerException e) { acc.setIsWrite(Boolean.FALSE); }
                }
        }

        protected void mapEntityToName(String name, TNamedEntity ent) {
                
                Collection<TNamedEntity> l_ent = nameToEntity.get(name);
                if (l_ent == null) {
                        l_ent = new LinkedList<>();
                }
                l_ent.add(ent);
                nameToEntity.put(name, l_ent);
        }

        public void removeEntity( NamedEntity ent) {
                IBinding key;
                key = entityToKey.get(ent);
                if (key != null) {
                        entityToKey.remove(ent);
                        keyToEntity.remove(key);
                }

                Collection<TNamedEntity> l_ent = nameToEntity.get(ent.getName());
                if (l_ent != null) {
                        l_ent.remove(ent);
                }

                famixRepo.getElements().remove(ent);
        }
        
        protected void mapEntityToKey(IBinding key, TNamedEntity ent) {
                TNamedEntity old = keyToEntity.get(key);
                if (old != null) {
                        entityToKey.remove(old);
                }
                keyToEntity.put(key, ent);
                entityToKey.put(ent, key);
        }
        
        /**
         * Returns all the Famix Entity with the given name and class 
         * @param fmxClass -- the subtype of Famix Entity we are looking for
         * @param name -- the name of the entity
         * @return the Collection of Famix Entities with the given name and class (possibly empty)
         */
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        public <T extends TNamedEntity> Collection<T> getEntityByName(java.lang.Class<T> fmxClass, String name) {
                Collection<T> ret = new LinkedList<T>();
                Collection<TNamedEntity> l_name = nameToEntity.get(name);
                
                if (l_name != null ) {
                        for (TNamedEntity obj : l_name) {
                                if (fmxClass.isInstance(obj)) {
                                        ret.add((T) obj);
                                }
                        }
                }

                return ret;
        }

        /**
         * Returns the Famix Entity associated to the given key.
         * <b>Note</b>: Be careful that ImplicitVariables share the same binding as their associated Class and cannot be retrieved with this method.
         * In such a case, this method will always retrieve the Class associated to the key.
         * To get an ImplicitVariable from the key, use {@link #getImplicitVariableByBinding(IBinding, String)}
         * @param key -- the key
         * @return the Famix Entity associated to the binding or null if not found
         */
        public TNamedEntity getEntityByKey(IBinding key) {
                if (key == null) {
                        return null;
                }
                else {
                        return keyToEntity.get(key);
                }
        }

        public void registerEnumConstantAnonymousType(IVariableBinding enumConstant, ITypeBinding anonymousType) {
                if (enumConstant != null && anonymousType != null) {
                        enumConstantAnonymousTypes.put(enumConstant.getVariableDeclaration(), anonymousType);
                }
        }

        public IMethodBinding getEnumConstantMethodOverride(EnumValue enumConstant, IMethodBinding calledMethod) {
                if (calledMethod == null) {
                        return null;
                }

                IBinding enumConstantBinding = getEntityKey(enumConstant);
                ITypeBinding anonymousType = enumConstantBinding instanceof IVariableBinding
                                ? enumConstantAnonymousTypes.get(((IVariableBinding) enumConstantBinding).getVariableDeclaration())
                                : null;
                if (anonymousType == null) {
                        return calledMethod;
                }

                // JDT resolves the enum declaration, but this receiver identifies the runtime override.
                IMethodBinding declaredMethod = calledMethod.getMethodDeclaration();
                for (IMethodBinding declaredInAnonymousType : anonymousType.getDeclaredMethods()) {
                        if (declaredInAnonymousType.overrides(declaredMethod)) {
                                return declaredInAnonymousType;
                        }
                }
                return calledMethod;
        }

        /**
         * Returns the Famix Entity associated to the given key if it is an instance of the given Famix class.
         * This avoids recovering a binding as another kind of entity than the one requested.
         * @param key -- the key
         * @param fmxClass -- the expected Famix class
         * @return the Famix Entity associated to the binding or null if not found or not an instance of <b>fmxClass</b>
         */
        protected <T extends TNamedEntity> T getEntityByKey(IBinding key, java.lang.Class<T> fmxClass) {
                TNamedEntity fmx = getEntityByKey(key);
                if (fmxClass.isInstance(fmx)) {
                        return fmxClass.cast(fmx);
                }
                return null;
        }

        /**
         * Returns the key associated to a Famix Entity.
         * @param e -- the Named entity
         * @return the key associated to this entity or null if none
         */
        public IBinding getEntityKey(TNamedEntity e) {
                return entityToKey.get(e);
        }

        /**
         * Creates and returns a FAMIX Entity of the type <b>fmxjava.lang.Class</b>.
         * The Entity is always created.
         * @param fmxClass -- the FAMIX class of the instance to create
         * @param name -- the name of the new instance must not be null (and this is not tested)
         * @return the FAMIX Entity or null in case of a FAMIX error
         */
        protected <T extends TNamedEntity & TSourceEntity> T createFamixEntity(java.lang.Class<T> fmxClass, String name) {
                T fmx = null;

                if (name == null) {
                        return null;
                }
                
                try {
                        fmx = fmxClass.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
                } catch (java.lang.Exception e) {
                        LOGGER.log(Level.WARNING, "Unexpected error, could not create a FAMIX entity", e);
                }
                
                if (fmx != null) {
                        fmx.setName(name);
                        if (fmx instanceof TCanBeStub) {
                                ((TCanBeStub)fmx).setIsStub(Boolean.TRUE);
                        }

                        mapEntityToName(name, fmx);
                        
                        // put new entity in Famix repository
                        famixRepoAdd((Entity) fmx);
                }

                return fmx;
        }
        
        /**
         * Returns a Famix Entity of the type <b>fmxjava.lang.Class</b> and maps it to its binding <b>bnd</b> (if not null).
         * The Entity is created if it did not exist.
         * @param fmxClass -- the Famix class of the instance to create
         * @param bnd -- the binding to map to the new instance
         * @param name -- the name of the new instance (used if <pre>{@code bnd == null}</pre>)
         * @return the Famix Entity or null if <b>bnd</b> was null or in case of a Famix error
         */
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        protected <T extends TNamedEntity & TSourceEntity> T ensureFamixEntity(java.lang.Class<T> fmxClass, IBinding bnd, String name) {
                T fmx = null;
                
                /* 
                 * Unfortunately different entities with the same name and same type may exist
                 * e.g. 2 parameters of 2 different methods but having the same name
                 * so we cannot recover just from the name
                 */

                if (bnd != null) {
                        fmx = getEntityByKey(bnd, fmxClass);
                        if (fmx != null) {
                                return fmx;
                        }
                }

                // else
                fmx = createFamixEntity(fmxClass, name);
                if ( (bnd != null) && (fmx != null) ) {
                        mapEntityToKey(bnd, fmx);
                }
                
                return fmx;
        }

        /**
         * Adds an already created Entity to the Famix repository
         * Used mainly for non-NamedEntity, for example relationships
         * @param e -- the Famix entity to add to the repository
         */
        public void famixRepoAdd(Entity e) {
                this.famixRepo.add(e);
        }


        /**
         * Returns a Famix ParametricClass with the given <b>name</b>, creating it if it does not exist yet
         * In the second case, sets some default properties: not Abstract, not Final, not Private, not Protected, not Public, not Interface
         * @param name -- the name of the Famix Class
         * @return the Famix Class or null in case of a Famix error
         */
        public ParametricClass ensureFamixParametricClass(ITypeBinding key, String name, TWithTypes owner) {
                ParametricClass fmx = ensureFamixEntity(ParametricClass.class, key, name);
                if(key != null) {
                        for (ITypeBinding tp : key.getErasure().getTypeParameters()) {
                                // If there is a type parameter, then fmx will be a Famix ParametricClass
                                // note: in Famix, the owner of the TypeParameter is the ParametricClass
                                TypeParameter fmxParam = ensureFamixTypeParameter(tp,
                                                tp.getName(), fmx);
                                fmxParam.setGenericEntity((TParametricEntity)fmx);
                fmxParam.setIsStub(fmx.getIsStub());
            }
                }
                
                fmx.setTypeContainer(owner);
                return fmx;
        }

        /**
         * Returns a Famix ParametricInterface with the given <b>name</b>, creating it if it does not exist yet
         * In the second case, sets some default properties: not Abstract, not Final, not Private, not Protected, not Public, not Interface
         * @param name -- the name of the Famix Class
         * @return the Famix Class or null in case of a Famix error
         */
        public ParametricInterface ensureFamixParametricInterface(ITypeBinding key, String name, TWithTypes owner) {
                ParametricInterface fmx = ensureFamixEntity(ParametricInterface.class, key, name);
                if(key != null) {
                        for (ITypeBinding tp : key.getTypeParameters()) {
                                // If there is a type parameter, then fmx will be a Famix ParametricInterface
                                // note: in Famix, the owner of the TypeParameter is the ParametricInterface
                                TypeParameter fmxParam = ensureFamixTypeParameter(tp,
                                                tp.getName(), fmx);
                                fmxParam.setGenericEntity(fmx);
                fmxParam.setIsStub(false);
            }
                }
                fmx.setTypeContainer(owner);
                return fmx;
        }

        public AnnotationInstanceAttribute createFamixAnnotationInstanceAttribute(AnnotationTypeAttribute att, String value) {
                AnnotationInstanceAttribute fmx = null;
                if ( (att != null) && (value != null) ) {
                        fmx = new AnnotationInstanceAttribute();
                        fmx.setAnnotationTypeAttribute(att);
                        fmx.setValue(value);
                        this.famixRepo.add(fmx);
                }
                return fmx;
        }

        public AnnotationInstance addFamixAnnotationInstance(TWithAnnotationInstances fmx, AnnotationType annType, Collection<AnnotationInstanceAttribute> annAtts) {
                AnnotationInstance inst = null;
                if ( (fmx != null) && (annType != null) ) {
                        inst = new AnnotationInstance();
                        inst.setAnnotatedEntity(fmx);
                        inst.setAnnotationType(annType);
                        inst.addAttributes(annAtts);
                        this.famixRepo.add(inst);
                }
                return inst;
        }

        ///// ensure Famix Relationships /////

        /**
         * Returns a Famix Inheritance relationship between two Famix Classes creating it if needed
         * @param sup -- the super class
         * @param sub -- the sub class
         * @param prev -- previous inheritance relationship in the same context
         * @return the Inheritance relationship
         */
        public Inheritance ensureFamixInheritance(TWithInheritances sup, TWithInheritances sub, TAssociation prev, ITypeBinding supBnd) {
                if ( (sup == null) || (sub == null) ) {
                        return null;
                }

                // Does the inheritance already exist?
                for (TInheritance i : (sup).getSubInheritances()) {                        
                        if (i.getSubclass() == sub) {
                                return (Inheritance) i;
                        }
                }

                Inheritance inh;
                if (supBnd != null && supBnd.isParameterizedType()) { // Needs checks and tests.
                        inh = (ParametricInheritance)buildFamixParametricAssociation(new ParametricInheritance(), supBnd.getErasure().getTypeParameters(), supBnd.getTypeArguments());
                } else {
                        inh = new Inheritance();
                }

                inh.setSuperclass(sup);
                inh.setSubclass(sub);
                chainPrevNext(prev, inh);
                famixRepoAdd(inh);
                return inh;
        }
        
        /**
         * Creates the concretization between the type parameters of the generic entity that is target of an association 
         * and the concrete types that concretize them in this association.
         * @param association -- the association that must be linked to # or several concretizations
         * @param typeParameters -- the collection of type parameters declared in the generic entity
         * @param typeArguments -- the collection of concrete types linked to this association
         * @return the parametric association
         */
        public  <T extends TParametricEntity> TParametricAssociation buildFamixParametricAssociation(TParametricAssociation association, ITypeBinding[] typeParameters, ITypeBinding[] typeArguments
        ) {
                
                Iterator<ITypeBinding> genericIterator = Arrays.asList(typeParameters).iterator();
                Iterator<ITypeBinding> concreteIterator = Arrays.asList(typeArguments).iterator();

                while (concreteIterator.hasNext() && genericIterator.hasNext()) {
                        TTypeArgument typeArgument = (TTypeArgument)ensureFamixType(concreteIterator.next());
                        TypeParameter typeParameter = (TypeParameter)ensureFamixType(genericIterator.next());

                        Concretization concretization = ensureFamixConcretization(typeArgument, typeParameter);
                        association.addConcretization(concretization);
                }

                return association;
        }

        /**
         * Returns a Famix Concretization relationship between a Concrete Type and a ParameterType
         * @param typeArgument -- the concrete type
         * @param typeParameter -- the generic type parameter
         * @return the Concretization relationship
         */
        public Concretization ensureFamixConcretization(TTypeArgument typeArgument, TypeParameter typeParameter ) {
                if ( (typeArgument == null) || (typeParameter == null) ) {
                        return null;
                }

                Concretization concretization = new Concretization();
                concretization.setTypeArgument(typeArgument);
                concretization.setTypeParameter(typeParameter);

                famixRepoAdd(concretization);
                return concretization;
        }
        
                /**
         * Returns a Famix Implementation relationship between two Famix Classes creating it if needed
         * @param myInterface -- the implemented interface
         * @param implementingClass -- the implementing class
         * @param prev -- previous inheritance relationship in the same context
         * @return the Inheritance relationship
         */
        public Implementation ensureFamixImplementation(TImplementable myInterface, TCanImplement implementingClass, TAssociation prev, ITypeBinding supBnd) {
                if ( (myInterface == null) || (implementingClass == null) ) {
                        return null;
                }

                for (TImplementation imp : myInterface.getImplementations()) {
                        if (imp.getImplementingClass() == implementingClass) {
                                return (Implementation) imp;
                        }
                }
                
                Implementation implementation;
                if (supBnd != null && supBnd.isParameterizedType()) { // Needs checks and tests.
                        implementation = new ParametricImplementation();
                } else {
                        implementation = new Implementation();
                }

                implementation.setImplementingClass(implementingClass);
                implementation.setMyInterface(myInterface);
                chainPrevNext(prev, implementation);
                famixRepoAdd(implementation);
                if (implementation instanceof ParametricImplementation) {
                        buildFamixParametricAssociation((ParametricImplementation) implementation,
                                        supBnd.getErasure().getTypeParameters(), supBnd.getTypeArguments());
                }
                return implementation;
        }

        public void ensureImplementedInterfaces(ITypeBinding bnd, TType fmx, TWithTypes owner, TAssociation lastAssociation) {
                for (ITypeBinding intbnd : bnd.getInterfaces()) {
                        Type superTyp;
                        if(intbnd.isClass()){
                                superTyp = this.ensureFamixInterface(intbnd, intbnd.getName(), null, intbnd.isGenericType() || intbnd.isParameterizedType() || intbnd.isRawType(), intbnd.getModifiers());
                        }else {
                                superTyp = this.ensureFamixType(intbnd);
                        }
                        
                        if (bnd.isInterface()) {
                                // in Java "subtyping" link between 2 interfaces is call inheritance 
                                lastAssociation = ensureFamixInheritance((TWithInheritances)superTyp, (TWithInheritances)fmx, lastAssociation, intbnd);
                        }
                        else {
                                lastAssociation = ensureFamixImplementation((TImplementable)superTyp, (TCanImplement)fmx, lastAssociation, intbnd);
                        }
                }
        }

        /**
         * Returns a Famix Reference between two Famix Entities creating it if needed.<br>
         * If <code>prev == null</code> and a similar reference already exist (same <code>src</code>, same <code>tgt</code>), does not create a new one
         * @param src -- source of the reference
         * @param tgt -- target of the reference
         * @param prev -- previous reference relationship in the same context
         * @return the FamixReference
         */
        public Reference addFamixReference(Method src, TType tgt, TAssociation prev, ITypeBinding referredTypeBnd) {
                Reference ref = null;
                
                if ( (src == null) || (tgt == null) ) {
                        return null;
                }

                if (prev == null) {
                        for (TReference existingRef : src.getOutgoingReferences()) {
                                if (existingRef.getReferredEntity() == tgt) {
                                        return (Reference) existingRef;
                                }
                        }
                }

                if (referredTypeBnd != null) {
                        if (referredTypeBnd.isParameterizedType()) {
                                ref = (ParametricReference)buildFamixParametricAssociation(new ParametricReference(), referredTypeBnd.getErasure().getTypeParameters(), referredTypeBnd.getTypeArguments());
                        } else if (referredTypeBnd.isArray()) {
                                ref = new ParametricReference();
                        
                                TTypeArgument typeArgument  = (TTypeArgument)ensureFamixType(referredTypeBnd.getElementType());
                                TypeParameter typeParameter = (TypeParameter) ((TParametricEntity)tgt).getTypeParameters().iterator().next();

                                Concretization concretization = ensureFamixConcretization(typeArgument, typeParameter);
                                ((ParametricReference)ref).addConcretization(concretization);
                        }
                }

                if (ref == null){
                        ref = new Reference();
                }

                ref.setReferredEntity(tgt);
                ref.setReferencer(src);
                chainPrevNext(prev,ref);
                famixRepoAdd(ref);

                return ref;
        }

        /**
         * Returns a Famix Invocation between two Famix Entities creating it if needed
         * @param tMethod of the invocation
         * @param invoked -- method invoked
         * @param receiver of the invocation
         * @param signature -- i.e. actual invocation code
         * @param prev -- previous invocation relationship in the same context
         * @return the FamixInvocation
         */
        public Invocation addFamixInvocation(TMethod tMethod, TMethod invoked, TInvocationsReceiver receiver, String signature, TAssociation prev, IMethodBinding invokedBnd) {
                if ( (tMethod == null) || (invoked == null) ) {
                        return null;
                }
                Invocation invocation;
                if (invokedBnd != null && invokedBnd.isParameterizedMethod()) {
                        invocation = (ParametricInvocation)buildFamixParametricAssociation(new ParametricInvocation(), invokedBnd.getMethodDeclaration().getTypeParameters(), invokedBnd.getTypeArguments());
                } else if ( invokedBnd != null && isConstructorBinding(invokedBnd) && invokedBnd.getMethodDeclaration().getDeclaringClass().isGenericType()) {
                        invocation = (ParametricInvocation)buildFamixParametricAssociation(new ParametricInvocation(), invokedBnd.getMethodDeclaration().getDeclaringClass().getTypeParameters(), invokedBnd.getDeclaringClass().getTypeArguments());
                } else {
                        invocation = new Invocation();
                }

                invocation.setReceiver(receiver);
                invocation.setSender(tMethod);
                invocation.setSignature((signature == null) ? invoked.getSignature() : signature);
                invocation.addCandidates(invoked);
                chainPrevNext(prev,invocation);
                famixRepoAdd(invocation);
                
                return invocation;
        }

        /**
         * Returns a Famix Access between two Famix Entities creating it if needed
         * @param accessor -- the entity (presumably a method) accessing the attribute
         * @param var -- the variable accessed
         * @param isWrite -- whether this is an access for reading or writing in the variable
         * @param prev -- previous access relationship in the same context
         * @return the FamixAccess
         */
        public Access addFamixAccess(TWithAccesses accessor, TStructuralEntity var, boolean isWrite, TAssociation prev) {
                if ( (accessor == null) || (var == null) ) {
                        return null;
                }
                Access acc = new Access();
                acc.setAccessor(accessor);
                acc.addCandidates((TAccessible) var);
                acc.setIsWrite(isWrite);
                chainPrevNext(prev, acc);
                famixRepoAdd(acc);
                
                return acc;
        }

        protected void chainPrevNext(TAssociation prev, TAssociation next) {
                if (prev != null) {
                        next.setPrevious(prev);  // not yet implemented in importer
                }
        }
        
        /**
         * Returns a Famix DeclaredException between a method and an Exception that it declares to throw
         * @param meth -- the method throwing the exception
         * @param excep -- the exception declared to be thrown
         * @return the DeclaredException
         */
        public TThrowable createFamixDeclaredException(Method meth, TThrowable excep) {
                if ( (meth == null) || (excep == null) ) {
                        return null;
                }
                meth.getDeclaredExceptions().add(excep);
                return excep;
        }

        /**
         * Returns a Famix CaughtException between a method and an Exception that is caught
         * @param meth -- the method catching the exception
         * @param excep -- the exception caught
         * @return the CaughtException
         */
        public TThrowable createFamixCaughtException(Method meth, TThrowable excep) {
                if ( (meth == null) || (excep == null) ) {
                        return null;
                }
                meth.getCaughtExceptions().add(excep);
                return excep;
        }

        /**
         * Returns a Famix ThrownException between a method and an Exception that it (actually) throws.
         * Note: DeclaredException indicates that the method declares it can throw the exception,
         * here we state that the exception is actually thrown
         * @param meth -- the method throwing the exception
         * @param excep -- the exception thrown
         * @return the ThrownException
         */
        public TThrowable createFamixThrownException(Method meth, TThrowable excep) {
                if ( (meth == null) || (excep == null) ) {
                        return null;
                }
                meth.getThrownExceptions().add(excep);
                return excep;
        }


        /**
         * Returns a Famix EntityTyping between a typed entity and a type.
         * @param typedEntity -- the typed entity
         * @param declaredType -- the declared type
         * @return the FamixEntityTyping
         */
        public EntityTyping ensureFamixEntityTyping(ITypeBinding declaredTypeBnd, TTypedEntity typedEntity, TType declaredType) {
                if ( (typedEntity == null) || (declaredType == null) ) {
                        return null;
                }
                EntityTyping typing = null;
                
                if (declaredTypeBnd != null) {
                        if (declaredTypeBnd.isParameterizedType()) {
                                typing = (ParametricEntityTyping)buildFamixParametricAssociation(new ParametricEntityTyping(), declaredTypeBnd.getErasure().getTypeParameters(), declaredTypeBnd.getTypeArguments());
                        }else if (declaredTypeBnd.isArray()) {
                                typing = new ParametricEntityTyping();
                                
                                TTypeArgument typeArgument  = (TTypeArgument)ensureFamixType(declaredTypeBnd.getElementType());
                                TypeParameter typeParameter = (TypeParameter) ((ParametricClass)declaredType).getTypeParameters().iterator().next();

                                Concretization concretization = ensureFamixConcretization(typeArgument, typeParameter);
                                ((ParametricEntityTyping)typing).addConcretization(concretization);
                        }
                }

                // If we did not set a typing because not parameterized nor array, set a default one
                if (typing == null) {
                        typing = new EntityTyping();
                }
                
                typing.setTypedEntity(typedEntity);
                typing.setDeclaredType(declaredType);
                famixRepoAdd(typing);
                
                return typing;
        }


        ///// Special Case: ImplicitVariables /////

        /**
         * Returns the Famix ImplicitVariable associated to the given binding and name (self or super).
         * See also {@link #getEntityByKey(IBinding)}
         * @param bnd -- the binding
         * @return the Famix Entity associated to the binding or null if not found
         */
        @Deprecated
        public ImplicitVariable getImplicitVariableByBinding(IBinding bnd, String iv_name) {
                return getImplicitVariableByType((Class)getEntityByKey(bnd), iv_name);
        }
        
        /**
         * Returns the Famix ImplicitVariable associated to the given FamixType.
         * @param type -- the FamixType
         * @param name -- name of the ImplicitVariable (should be Dictionary.SELF_NAME or Dictionary.SUPER_NAME)
         * @return the Famix ImplicitVariable associated to the Type or null if not found
         */
        @Deprecated
        public ImplicitVariable getImplicitVariableByType(Type type, String name) {
                ImplicitVars iv = typeToImpVar.get(type);
                ImplicitVariable ret = null;
                
                if (iv == null) {
                        iv = new ImplicitVars();
                }
                
                if (name.equals(THIS_NAME)) {
                        ret = iv.self_iv;
                }
                else if (name.equals(SUPER_NAME)) {
                        ret = iv.super_iv;
                }

                return ret;
        }

        ///// Special Case: "Uniq" Entities /////

        /**
         * Creates or recovers a Famix Named Entity uniq for the given name.
         * For some specific entities we don't allow two of them with the same name.
         * This is the case e.g. for the default package, or the Java class "Object" and its package "java.lang".
         * @param fmxClass -- the Famix class of the instance to create
         * @param key -- a potential binding for the entity
         * @param name -- the name of the new instance (used if <pre>{@code bnd == null}</pre>)
         * @return the uniq Famix Entity for this binding and/or name
         */
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        public <T extends NamedEntity> T ensureFamixUniqEntity(java.lang.Class<T> fmxClass, IBinding key, String name) {
                T fmx = null;
                
                if (name == null) {
                        return null;
                }
                
                if (key != null) {
                        fmx = (T) getEntityByKey(key);
                }
                
                if (fmx == null) {
                        Collection<T> l = getEntityByName( fmxClass, name);
                        if (l.size() > 0) {
                                fmx = l.iterator().next();
                        }
                        else {
                                fmx = createFamixEntity(fmxClass, name);
                        }
                        
                        if (key != null) {
                                // may happen for example if the entity was first created without binding
                                // and we find a binding for it later
                                keyToEntity.put(key, fmx);
                        }
                }

                return fmx;
        }

        /**
         * Creates or recovers the Famix Class that will own all stub methods (for which the real owner is unknown)
         *
         * @return a Famix class
         */
        public Class ensureFamixClassStubOwner() {
                Class fmx =  ensureFamixUniqEntity(Class.class, null, STUB_METHOD_CONTAINER_NAME);
                if (fmx != null) {
                        /*if the option `useMissingPackage` is activated, we put all the stubs with unknown packages in a package `Missing*/
                        if(this.useMissingPackage) {
                                fmx.setTypeContainer(ensureFamixPackageMissing());
                        }
                        /*otherwise we put them in the default package*/
                        else {
                                fmx.setTypeContainer( ensureFamixPackageDefault());
                        }
                }
                ensureFamixInheritance(ensureFamixClassObject(), fmx, /*prev*/null, null);

                return fmx;
        }

        public Type searchTypeInContext(String name, TWithTypes ctxt) {
                if (ctxt == null) {
                        return null;
                }
                
                for (TType candidate : ctxt.getTypes()) {
                        if (candidate.getName().equals(name) ) {
                                return (Type) candidate;
                        }
                }
                
                return searchTypeInContext(name, Util.getOwner((TNamedEntity)ctxt));
        }

        /**
         * Returns a Famix Package associated with its IPackageBinding and/or fully qualified name.
         * The Entity is created if it does not exist.
         * We assume that Namespaces must be uniq for a given name
         * Also creates or recovers recusively it's parent namespaces.<br>
         * At least one of <b>bnd</b> and <b>name</b> must be non null.
         *
         * @param bnd  -- the JDT Binding that may be used as a uniq key to recover this namespace
         * @param name -- fully qualified name of the namespace (e.g. 'java.lang')
         * @return the Famix Namespace found or created. May return null in case of a Famix error
         */
        public Package ensureFamixPackage(IPackageBinding bnd, String name) {
                Package fmx;
                Package parent;

                if ((name == null) && (bnd != null)) {
                        name = bnd.getName();
                }

                if ((name == null) || name.equals("")) {
                        return ensureFamixPackageDefault();
                } else {
                        /* Note: Packages are created with their fully-qualified name to simplify recovering when we don't have a binding
                         * (for example when creating parent packages of a package we have a binding for).
                         * Because the preferred solution in Moose is to give their simple names to packages, they must be post-processed when
                         * all is said and done. */
                        fmx = ensureFamixUniqEntity(Package.class, bnd, name);
                        String parentName = removeLastPartOfPackageName(name);
                        if (parentName.length() > 0) {
                                parent = ensureFamixPackage(null, parentName);
                                // set the parentscope relationship
                                if ((parent != null) && (fmx != null) && (fmx.getParentPackage() == null)) {
                                        parent.addChildEntities(fmx);
                                }
                        }
                }

                return fmx;
        }

        /**
         * Creates or recovers a default Famix Package.
         * Because this package does not really exist, it has no binding.
         *
         * @return a Famix Namespace
         */
        public Package ensureFamixPackageDefault() {
        return ensureFamixUniqEntity(Package.class, null, DEFAULT_PCKG_NAME);
        }
        
        /**
         * Returns an artificial Package to contain stubs with an unknown package.
         * Always returns the same package. Create it lazily if not existing.
         * @return a Famix Namespace
         */
        public Package ensureFamixPackageMissing( ) {
                return ensureFamixUniqEntity(Package.class, null, MISSING_PCKG_NAME);
        }

        /**
         * Creates or recovers a Famix Package for the package of Java class "Object" (i.e. "java.lang").
         * Because "Object" is the root of the inheritance tree, it needs to be treated differently.
         *
         * @param bnd -- a potential binding for the "java.lang" package
         * @return a Famix Namespace for "java.lang"
         */
        public Package ensureFamixPackageJavaLang(IPackageBinding bnd) {

        return this.ensureFamixPackage(bnd, OBJECT_PACKAGE_NAME);
        }

        /**
         * Returns the Package with {@link #DEFAULT_PCKG_NAME} or <code>null</code> if not found
         */
        public Package getFamixPackageDefault() {
                Collection<Package> l = getEntityByName(Package.class, DEFAULT_PCKG_NAME);
                if (l.size() > 0) {
                        return l.iterator().next();
                } else {
                        return null;
                }
        }

        /**
         * Returns a Famix Type with the given <b>name</b>, creating it if it does not exist yet.
         * In the second case, sets some default properties: not Abstract, not Final, not Private, not Protected, not Public, not Interface
         * @param bnd -- binding for the type to create
         * @param name of the type
         * @param owner of the type
         * @param ctxt -- context of use of the type
         */
        public Type ensureFamixType(ITypeBinding bnd, String name, TWithTypes owner, TWithTypes ctxt, int modifiers) {
                
                Type fmx;

                if (bnd == null) {
                        if (name == null) {
                                return null;
                        }
                        fmx = searchTypeInContext(name, ctxt); // WildCard Types don't have binding
                        if (fmx != null) {
                                return fmx;
                        }

                        if ((owner instanceof TParametricEntity)) {
                                return this.ensureFamixTypeParameter(null, name, owner);
                        }
                        else {
                                fmx = ensureFamixEntity(Type.class, bnd, name);
                                fmx.setTypeContainer(owner);
                                return fmx;
                        }
                }

                // bnd != null

                fmx = (Type) getEntityByKey(bnd);
                if (fmx != null) {
                        return fmx;
                }

                if (bnd.isArray()) {
                        bnd = bnd.getElementType();
                }

                if (bnd.isPrimitive()) {
                        return this.ensureFamixPrimitiveType(bnd, name);
                }

                if (bnd.isEnum()) {
                        return this.ensureFamixEnum(bnd, name, owner);
                }
 
                if ((bnd.isRawType() || bnd.isGenericType()) && !bnd.isInterface() ) {
                        return this.ensureFamixClass(bnd.getErasure(), name, (TNamedEntity) owner, /*isGeneric*/true, modifiers);
                }

                if (bnd.isCapture()) {
                        if (bnd.getErasure().isInterface()) {
                                return this.ensureFamixInterface(bnd.getErasure(), name, owner, /*isGeneric*/true, modifiers);
                        }
                        else {
                                return this.ensureFamixClass(bnd.getErasure(), name, (TNamedEntity) owner, /*isGeneric*/true, modifiers);
                        }
                }

                if (bnd.isAnnotation()) {
                        return this.ensureFamixAnnotationType(bnd, name, (ContainerEntity) owner);
                }

                if (bnd.isInterface()) {
                        return this.ensureFamixInterface(bnd, name, owner, /*isGeneric*/bnd.isGenericType() || bnd.isParameterizedType() || bnd.isRawType(), modifiers);
                }

                if (isThrowable(bnd)) {
                        return this.ensureFamixException(bnd, name, owner, /*isGeneric*/false, modifiers);
                }
                if (bnd.isClass()) {
                        return this.ensureFamixClass(bnd, name, (TNamedEntity) owner, /*isGeneric*/bnd.isGenericType() || bnd.isParameterizedType() || bnd.isRawType(), modifiers);
                }
                if(bnd.isWildcardType()) {
                        return this.ensureFamixWildcardType(bnd, name, (TParametricEntity)owner, ctxt);
                }

                //otherwise (none of the above)

                if (name == null) {
                        name = bnd.getName();
                }

                if (owner == null) {
                        owner = (TWithTypes) this.ensureOwner(bnd);
                }

                if (bnd.isTypeVariable() ) {
                        fmx = ensureFamixTypeParameter(bnd, name, owner);
                        return fmx;
                }

                fmx = ensureFamixEntity(Type.class, bnd, name);
                fmx.setTypeContainer(owner);
                return fmx;
        }

        public Type ensureFamixType(ITypeBinding bnd, TWithTypes context) {
        int modifiers = (bnd != null) ? bnd.getModifiers() : UNKNOWN_MODIFIERS;
                return ensureFamixType(bnd, /*name*/null, /*owner*/null, context, modifiers);
        }
        
        public Type ensureFamixType(ITypeBinding bnd) {
                return ensureFamixType(bnd, /*ctxt*/null);
        }

        public boolean isThrowable(ITypeBinding bnd) {
                if (bnd == null) {
                        return false;
                }
                if (bnd.getQualifiedName().equals("java.lang.Throwable")) {
                        return true;
                } else if (bnd.getQualifiedName().equals("java.lang.Object")) {
                        return false;
                }
                else {
                        return isThrowable(bnd.getSuperclass());
                }
        }

        /**
         * Returns a Famix Class associated with the ITypeBinding.
         * The Entity is created if it does not exist.
         * @param name -- the name of the Famix Class (MUST NOT be null, but this is not checked)
         * @param owner -- package defining the class (should not be null, but it will work if it is)
         * @return the Famix Entity found or created. May return null if "bnd" is null or in case of a Famix error
         */
        @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
        public Class ensureFamixClass(ITypeBinding bnd, String name, TNamedEntity owner, boolean isGeneric, int modifiers) {
                Class fmx;

                // --------------- some special cases
                if (bnd != null) {
                        if (bnd.isArray()) {
                                bnd = bnd.getElementType();
                        }

                        // for inner classes defined in generics !!! For others should not change anything
                        bnd = bnd.getErasure();
                }

                // ---------------- to avoid useless computations if we can
                fmx = getEntityByKey(bnd, Class.class);
                if (fmx != null) {
                        // Famix cannot represent a parametric exception.
                        if (isGeneric && !(fmx instanceof ParametricClass) && !(fmx instanceof Exception)) {
                                return promoteFamixClass(fmx, bnd);
                        }
                        return fmx;
                }

                // --------------- name
                if (name == null) {
                        if (bnd == null) {
                                return null;  // not much we can do
                        } else if (!bnd.isAnonymous()) {
                                name = bnd.getErasure().getName();  // for generics, will give the "core" type name, for normal type, won't change anything
                        } else { // anonymous class
                                if (bnd.getSuperclass() != null) {
                                        name = bnd.getSuperclass().getName();
                                }
                                if ((name == null) || name.equals(OBJECT_NAME)) {
                                        ITypeBinding[] intfcs = bnd.getInterfaces();
                                        if ((intfcs != null) && (intfcs.length > 0)) {
                                                name = bnd.getInterfaces()[0].getName();
                                        }
                                        else {
                                                name = "???";
                                        }
                                }
                                name = ANONYMOUS_NAME_PREFIX + "(" + name + ")";
                        }
                }

        // If we have java.lang.Object we should ensure we create this class
        if (bnd != null && bnd.getQualifiedName().equals("java.lang.Object")) {
                        return ensureFamixClassObject();
                }

                // --------------- owner
                if (owner == null) {
                        if (bnd != null) {
                                owner = ensureOwner(bnd);
                        }
                        /*                                owner = ensureFamixPackageDefault();
                        } else {*/
                }

                // --------------- recover from name ?
                if (owner != null) {
                        for (Class candidate : this.getEntityByName(Class.class, name)) {
                                if (matchAndMapClass(bnd, name, owner, candidate)) {
                                        fmx = candidate;
                                        break;
                                }
                        }
                }
                if (fmx == null && (bnd != null || owner != null)) {
                        fmx = recoveredClassStub(name, (TWithTypes) owner);
                }
                // Famix cannot represent a parametric exception.
                if (fmx != null && isGeneric && !(fmx instanceof ParametricClass) && !(fmx instanceof Exception)) {
                        fmx = promoteFamixClass(fmx, bnd);
                }

                // ---------------- create
                if (fmx == null) {
                        if (isGeneric) {
                                fmx = ensureFamixParametricClass(bnd, name, (TWithTypes) owner);
                        }
                        else {
                                fmx = ensureFamixEntity(Class.class, bnd, name);
                                fmx.setTypeContainer((TWithTypes)owner);
                        }
                }

                // ---------------- modifiers and super-classes
                if (fmx!=null) {
                        // we just created it, or it was not bound so we make sure it has the right information in it
                        if (bnd != null) {
                                setClassModifiers(fmx, bnd.getDeclaredModifiers(), (TWithTypes) owner);
                        }

                        TAssociation lastAssoc = null;

                        if (bnd != null) {
                                ITypeBinding supbnd = bnd.getSuperclass();
                                if (supbnd != null) {
                                        lastAssoc = ensureFamixInheritance((TWithInheritances) ensureFamixType(supbnd), fmx, lastAssoc, supbnd);
                                }
                                else {
                                        lastAssoc = ensureFamixInheritance(ensureFamixClassObject(), fmx, lastAssoc, null);
                                }
                                ensureImplementedInterfaces(bnd, fmx, (TWithTypes) owner, lastAssoc);
                        }
                }

                return fmx;
        }

        /**
         * Returns a Famix Exception associated with the ITypeBinding.
         * The Entity is created if it does not exist.
         * @param name -- the name of the Famix Exception
         * @param owner -- type defining the Exception (should not be null, but it will work if it is) 
         *
         * @return the Famix Entity found or created. May return null if "bnd" is null or in case of a Famix error
         */
        public <T extends TWithTypes & TNamedEntity> Exception ensureFamixException(ITypeBinding bnd, String name, TWithTypes owner, boolean isGeneric, int modifiers) {
                Exception fmx;

                // --------------- some special cases
                if (bnd != null) {
                        if (bnd.isArray()) {
                                bnd = bnd.getElementType();
                        }

                        // for inner classes defined in generics !!! For others should not change anything
                        bnd = bnd.getErasure();
                }

                // ---------------- to avoid useless computations if we can
                fmx = (Exception) getEntityByKey(bnd);
                if (fmx != null) {
                        return fmx;
                }

                // --------------- name
                if (name == null) {
                        if (bnd == null) {
                                return null;  // not much we can do
                        } else if (!bnd.isAnonymous()) {
                                name = bnd.getErasure().getName();  // for generics, will give the "core" type name, for normal type, won't change anything
                        } else { // anonymous class
                                if (bnd.getSuperclass() != null) {
                                        name = bnd.getSuperclass().getName();
                                }
                                if ((name == null) || name.equals(OBJECT_NAME)) {
                                        ITypeBinding[] intfcs = bnd.getInterfaces();
                                        if ((intfcs != null) && (intfcs.length > 0)) {
                                                name = bnd.getInterfaces()[0].getName();
                                        }
                                        else {
                                                name = "???";
                                        }
                                }
                                name = ANONYMOUS_NAME_PREFIX + "(" + name + ")";
                        }
                }

                // --------------- owner
                if (owner == null) {
                        if (bnd == null) {
                                owner = ensureFamixPackageDefault();
                        } else {
                                owner = (TWithTypes) ensureOwner(bnd);
                        }
                }

                // --------------- recover from name ?
                for (Exception candidate : this.getEntityByName(Exception.class, name)) {
                        if (matchAndMapClass(bnd, name, (T) owner, candidate)) {
                                fmx = candidate;
                                break;
                        }
                }

                // ---------------- create
                if (fmx == null) {
                        fmx = ensureFamixEntity(Exception.class, bnd, name);
                        fmx.setTypeContainer(owner);
                }

        // we just created it or it was not bound, so we make sure it has the right information in it
        TAssociation lastAssoc = null;
        if (bnd != null) {
            ITypeBinding supbnd = bnd.getSuperclass();
            if (supbnd != null) {
                lastAssoc = ensureFamixInheritance((TWithInheritances) ensureFamixType(supbnd), fmx, lastAssoc, supbnd);
            }
            else {
                lastAssoc = ensureFamixInheritance(ensureFamixClassObject(), fmx, lastAssoc, null);
            }
            ensureImplementedInterfaces(bnd, fmx, owner, lastAssoc);
        }

        return fmx;
        }

        /**
         * Returns a FAMIX Interface with the given <b>name</b>, creating it if it does not exist yet.
         * @param name -- the name of the FAMIX Method
         * @param owner -- type defining the method (should not be null, but it will work if it is) 
         * @return the FAMIX Class or null in case of a FAMIX error
         */
        public <T extends TWithTypes & TNamedEntity> Interface ensureFamixInterface(ITypeBinding bnd, String name, TWithTypes owner, boolean isGeneric, int modifiers) {
                Interface fmx;

                // --------------- some special cases
                if (bnd != null) {
                        if (bnd.isArray()) {
                                bnd = bnd.getElementType();
                        }

                        // for inner classes defined in generics !!! For others should not change anything
                        bnd = bnd.getErasure();
                }

                // ---------------- to avoid useless computations if we can
                fmx = getEntityByKey(bnd, Interface.class);
                if (fmx != null) {
                        if (isGeneric && !(fmx instanceof ParametricInterface)) {
                                return promoteFamixInterface(fmx, bnd);
                        }
                        return fmx;
                }

                // --------------- name
                if (name == null) {
                        if (bnd == null) {
                                return null;  // not much we can do
                        } else if (!bnd.isAnonymous()) {
                                name = bnd.getErasure().getName();  // for generics, will give the "core" type name, for normal type, won't change anything
                        } else { // anonymous class
                                if (bnd.getSuperclass() != null) {
                                        name = bnd.getSuperclass().getName();
                                }
                                if ((name == null) || name.equals(OBJECT_NAME)) {
                                        ITypeBinding[] intfcs = bnd.getInterfaces();
                                        if ((intfcs != null) && (intfcs.length > 0)) {
                                                name = bnd.getInterfaces()[0].getName();
                                        }
                                        else {
                                                name = "???";
                                        }
                                }
                                name = ANONYMOUS_NAME_PREFIX + "(" + name + ")";
                        }
                }

                // --------------- owner
                if (owner == null) {
                        if (bnd == null) {
                                owner = ensureFamixPackageDefault();
                        } else {
                                owner = (TWithTypes) ensureOwner(bnd);
                        }
                }

                // --------------- recover from name ?
                for (Interface candidate : this.getEntityByName(Interface.class, name)) {
                        if (matchAndMapInterface(bnd, name, (T) owner, candidate)) {
                                fmx = candidate;
                                break;
                        }
                }
                if (fmx == null && (bnd != null || owner != null)) {
                        fmx = recoveredInterfaceStub(name, owner);
                }
                if (fmx != null && isGeneric && !(fmx instanceof ParametricInterface)) {
                        fmx = promoteFamixInterface(fmx, bnd);
                }

                // ---------------- create
                if (fmx == null) {
                        if (isGeneric) {
                                fmx = ensureFamixParametricInterface(bnd, name, owner);
                        }
                        else {
                                fmx = ensureFamixEntity(Interface.class, bnd, name);
                                fmx.setTypeContainer(owner);
                        }
                }

                // ---------------- modifiers and "super interfaces"
                if (fmx!=null) {
                        // we just created it or it was not bound, so we make sure it has the right information in it
                        if (bnd != null) {
                                setInterfaceModifiers(fmx, bnd.getModifiers());
                        }
                        TAssociation lastAssociation = null;
                        if (bnd != null) {
                                ensureImplementedInterfaces(bnd, fmx, owner, lastAssociation);
                        }
                }
                return fmx;
        }

        // JDT can assign distinct recovery bindings to the same unresolved type.
        private Class recoveredClassStub(String name, TWithTypes owner) {
                Class recovered = null;
                for (Class candidate : getEntityByName(Class.class, name)) {
                        if (sameTypeOwner(candidate.getTypeContainer(), owner) && Boolean.TRUE.equals(candidate.getIsStub())) {
                                if (recovered != null) {
                                        return null;
                                }
                                recovered = candidate;
                        }
                }
                return recovered;
        }

        private Interface recoveredInterfaceStub(String name, TWithTypes owner) {
                Interface recovered = null;
                for (Interface candidate : getEntityByName(Interface.class, name)) {
                        if (sameTypeOwner(candidate.getTypeContainer(), owner) && Boolean.TRUE.equals(candidate.getIsStub())) {
                                if (recovered != null) {
                                        return null;
                                }
                                recovered = candidate;
                        }
                }
                return recovered;
        }

        private boolean sameTypeOwner(TWithTypes first, TWithTypes second) {
                if (first == second) {
                        return true;
                }
                if (!(first instanceof TNamedEntity) || !(second instanceof TNamedEntity)
                                || !((TNamedEntity) first).getName().equals(((TNamedEntity) second).getName())) {
                        return false;
                }
                if (first instanceof Type && second instanceof Type) {
                        return sameTypeOwner(((Type) first).getTypeContainer(), ((Type) second).getTypeContainer());
                }
                return first.getClass() == second.getClass();
        }

        private ParametricClass promoteFamixClass(Class former, ITypeBinding bnd) {
                TWithTypes owner = former.getTypeContainer();
                removeEntity(former);
                former.setTypeContainer(null);

                ParametricClass promoted = ensureFamixParametricClass(bnd, former.getName(), owner);
                transferTypeAssociations(former, promoted);
                promoted.addAttributes(new ArrayList<>(former.getAttributes()));
                promoted.addComments(new ArrayList<>(former.getComments()));
                promoted.addImports(new ArrayList<>(former.getImports()));
                promoted.addIncomingImports(new ArrayList<>(former.getIncomingImports()));
                promoted.addInterfaceImplementations(new ArrayList<>(former.getInterfaceImplementations()));
                promoted.addOutgoingConcretizations(new ArrayList<>(former.getOutgoingConcretizations()));
                promoted.addReceivingInvocations(new ArrayList<>(former.getReceivingInvocations()));
                promoted.addSubInheritances(new ArrayList<>(former.getSubInheritances()));
                promoted.addSuperInheritances(new ArrayList<>(former.getSuperInheritances()));
                promoted.setParentPackage(former.getParentPackage());
                promoted.setIsAbstract(former.getIsAbstract());
                promoted.setIsClassSide(former.getIsClassSide());
                promoted.setIsFinal(former.getIsFinal());
                promoted.setVisibility(former.getVisibility());
                return promoted;
        }

        private ParametricInterface promoteFamixInterface(Interface former, ITypeBinding bnd) {
                TWithTypes owner = former.getTypeContainer();
                removeEntity(former);
                former.setTypeContainer(null);

                ParametricInterface promoted = ensureFamixParametricInterface(bnd, former.getName(), owner);
                transferTypeAssociations(former, promoted);
                promoted.addAttributes(new ArrayList<>(former.getAttributes()));
                promoted.addComments(new ArrayList<>(former.getComments()));
                promoted.addImplementations(new ArrayList<>(former.getImplementations()));
                promoted.addImports(new ArrayList<>(former.getImports()));
                promoted.addIncomingImports(new ArrayList<>(former.getIncomingImports()));
                promoted.addOutgoingConcretizations(new ArrayList<>(former.getOutgoingConcretizations()));
                promoted.addReceivingInvocations(new ArrayList<>(former.getReceivingInvocations()));
                promoted.addSubInheritances(new ArrayList<>(former.getSubInheritances()));
                promoted.addSuperInheritances(new ArrayList<>(former.getSuperInheritances()));
                promoted.setParentPackage(former.getParentPackage());
                promoted.setIsClassSide(former.getIsClassSide());
                promoted.setIsFinal(former.getIsFinal());
                promoted.setVisibility(former.getVisibility());
                return promoted;
        }

        private void transferTypeAssociations(Type former, Type promoted) {
                promoted.addTypes(new ArrayList<>(former.getTypes()));
                promoted.addDefinedAnnotationTypes(new ArrayList<>(former.getDefinedAnnotationTypes()));
                promoted.addAnnotationInstances(new ArrayList<>(former.getAnnotationInstances()));
                promoted.addIncomingReferences(new ArrayList<>(former.getIncomingReferences()));
                promoted.addIncomingTypings(new ArrayList<>(former.getIncomingTypings()));
                promoted.addLowerBoundedWildcards(new ArrayList<>(former.getLowerBoundedWildcards()));
                promoted.addMethods(new ArrayList<>(former.getMethods()));
                promoted.addUpperBoundedWildcards(new ArrayList<>(former.getUpperBoundedWildcards()));
                promoted.setSourceAnchor(former.getSourceAnchor());
                promoted.setNumberOfLinesOfCode(former.getNumberOfLinesOfCode());
                promoted.setIsStub(former.getIsStub());
        }

        /**
         * "Converts" (if needed) a TTYpe entity to be a TThrowable. Might involve removing the existing entity, recreating a new one and migrating
         * all the relationship of the former to the later
         */
        public TThrowable asException(TType fmxType) {
                if (fmxType instanceof Exception) {
                        return (Exception) fmxType;
                }
                if(fmxType instanceof TypeParameter) {
                        return (TypeParameter) fmxType;
                }

                Exception fmxException = null;
                IBinding key;

                try {
                        key = entityToKey.get(fmxType);

                        /* Remove entity immediately so that its key and name are not "reassigned" in the various cache dictionaries
                         * the object still exists and its properties are still accessible */
                        removeEntity((NamedEntity) fmxType);

                        TWithTypes owner = fmxType.getTypeContainer();
                        fmxType.setTypeContainer(null);
                        fmxException = ensureFamixException((ITypeBinding) key, fmxType.getName(), owner, /*isGeneric*/false, UNKNOWN_MODIFIERS);
                        transferTypeAssociations((Type) fmxType, fmxException);
                        fmxException.setComments(new ArrayList<>( ((TWithComments) fmxType).getComments() ));
                        if (fmxType instanceof TTypeArgument) {
                                fmxException.addOutgoingConcretizations(new ArrayList<>( ((TTypeArgument) fmxType).getOutgoingConcretizations() ));
                        }

                        if (fmxType instanceof TWithAttributes) {
                                fmxException.addAttributes( new ArrayList<>( ((TWithAttributes)fmxType).getAttributes() ) );
                        }

                        if (fmxType instanceof TWithInheritances) {
                                fmxException.addSuperInheritances( new ArrayList<>( ((TWithInheritances) fmxType).getSuperInheritances() ) );
                                fmxException.addSubInheritances( new ArrayList<>( ((TWithInheritances) fmxType).getSubInheritances() ) );
                        }
                }
                catch( ConcurrentModificationException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                }

                return fmxException;
        }

        /**
         * helper method, we know the type exists, ensureFamixClass will recover it
         */
        public Class getFamixClass(ITypeBinding bnd, String name, TNamedEntity owner) {
                return ensureFamixClass(bnd, name, owner, /*isGeneric*/false, UNKNOWN_MODIFIERS);
        }

        /**
         * helper method, we know the type exists, ensureFamixInterface will recover it
         */
        public Interface getFamixInterface(ITypeBinding bnd, String name, ContainerEntity owner) {
                return ensureFamixInterface(bnd, name, owner, /*isGeneric*/false, UNKNOWN_MODIFIERS);
        }

        /**
         * helper method, we know the type exists, ensureFamixInterface will recover it
         */
        public Exception getFamixException(ITypeBinding bnd, String name, TWithTypes owner) {
                return ensureFamixException(bnd, name, owner, /*isGeneric*/false, UNKNOWN_MODIFIERS);
        }

        /**
         * Ensures a famix entity for the owner of a binding.<br>
         * This owner can be a method, a class or a namespace
         * @param bnd -- binding for the owned entity
         * @return a famix entity for the owner
         */
        private TNamedEntity ensureOwner(ITypeBinding bnd) {
                TNamedEntity owner;
                IMethodBinding parentMtd = bnd.getDeclaringMethod();
                if (parentMtd != null) {
                        owner = this.ensureFamixMethod(parentMtd);  // cast needed to desambiguate the call
                }
                else {
                        ITypeBinding parentClass = bnd.getDeclaringClass();
                        if (parentClass != null) {
                owner = this.ensureFamixType(parentClass);
            }
                        else {
                                IPackageBinding parentPckg = bnd.getPackage();
                                if (parentPckg != null) {
                                        owner = this.ensureFamixPackage(parentPckg, null);
                                } else {
                                        owner = this.ensureFamixPackageDefault();
                                }
                        }
                }
                return owner;
        }


        /**
         * Returns a FAMIX PrimitiveType with the given <b>name</b>, creating it if it does not exist yet
         * We assume that PrimitiveType must be uniq for a given name
         * @param name -- the name of the FAMIX PrimitiveType
         * @return the FAMIX PrimitiveType or null in case of a FAMIX error
         */
        public PrimitiveType ensureFamixPrimitiveType(ITypeBinding bnd, String name) {
                if (name == null) {
                        if (bnd == null) {
                                return null;
                        } else {
                                name = bnd.getName();
                        }
                }
                return ensureFamixUniqEntity(PrimitiveType.class, bnd, name);
        }

        public <T extends TWithTypes & TNamedEntity> org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixjavaentities.Enum ensureFamixEnum(ITypeBinding bnd, String name, TWithTypes owner) {
                org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixjavaentities.Enum fmx = null;

                // --------------- to avoid useless computations if we can
                fmx = (org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixjavaentities.Enum) getEntityByKey(bnd);
                if (fmx != null) {
                        return fmx;
                }

                // --------------- name
                if (name == null) {
                        if (bnd == null) {
                                return null;
                        }
                        else {
                                name = bnd.getName();
                        }
                }

                // --------------- owner
                if (owner == null) {
                        if (bnd == null) {
                                owner = ensureFamixPackageDefault();  // not really sure what to do here
                        } else {
                                owner = (TWithTypes) ensureOwner(bnd);
                        }
                }

                // --------------- recover from name ?
                for (org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixjavaentities.Enum candidate : getEntityByName(org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixjavaentities.Enum.class, name)) {
                        if (matchAndMapType(bnd, name, (T) owner, candidate)) {
                                fmx = candidate;
                                break;
                        }
                }

                if (fmx == null) {
                        fmx = ensureFamixEntity(Enum.class, bnd, name);
                        fmx.setTypeContainer(owner);
                }

                if (bnd != null) {
                        setVisibility(fmx, bnd.getModifiers(), owner);
                }

                return fmx;
        }

        /**
         * helper method, we know the type exists, ensureFamixEnum will recover it
         */
        public org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixjavaentities.Enum getFamixEnum(ITypeBinding bnd, String name, TWithTypes owner) {
                return ensureFamixEnum(bnd, name, owner);
        }

        public EnumValue ensureFamixEnumValue(IVariableBinding bnd,        String name, Enum owner) {
                EnumValue fmx;

                // --------------- to avoid useless computations if we can
                fmx = (EnumValue)getEntityByKey(bnd);
                if (fmx != null) {
                        return fmx;
                }

                // --------------- name
                if (name == null) {
                        if (bnd == null) {
                                return null;
                        }
                        else {
                                name = bnd.getName();
                        }
                }

                // --------------- owner
                if (owner == null) {
                        if (bnd == null) {
                                return null;  // what would be the interest of creating an EnumValue without a declaring Enum type?
                        }
                        else {
                                owner = ensureFamixEnum(bnd.getDeclaringClass(), null, null);
                        }
                }

                // --------------- recover from name ?
                for (EnumValue candidate : getEntityByName(EnumValue.class, name) ) {
                        if ( matchAndMapVariable(bnd, name, owner, candidate) ) {
                                fmx = candidate;
                                break;
                        }
                }
                if (fmx == null) {
                        fmx = ensureFamixEntity(EnumValue.class, bnd, name);
                        fmx.setParentEnum(owner);
                }

        fmx.setParentEnum(owner);

        return fmx;
        }

    /**
         * e.g. see {@link EntityDictionary#ensureFamixClass}
         */
        public AnnotationType ensureFamixAnnotationType(ITypeBinding bnd, String name, ContainerEntity owner) {
                AnnotationType fmx;

                // --------------- to avoid useless computations if we can
                fmx = (AnnotationType)getEntityByKey(bnd);
                if (fmx != null) {
                        return fmx;
                }

                // --------------- name
                if (name == null) {
                        if (bnd == null) {
                                return null;
                        }
                        else {
                                name = bnd.getName();
                        }
                }

                // --------------- owner
                if (owner == null) {
                        if (bnd == null) {
                                owner = ensureFamixPackageDefault();
                        }
                        else {
                                IPackageBinding parentPckg = bnd.getPackage();
                                if (parentPckg != null) {
                                        owner = this.ensureFamixPackage(parentPckg, null);
                                } else {
                                        owner = this.ensureFamixPackageDefault();
                                }
                        }
                }

                // --------------- recover from name ?
                for (AnnotationType candidate : getEntityByName(AnnotationType.class, name) ) {
                        if ( matchAndMapType(bnd, name, owner, candidate) ) {
                                fmx = candidate;
                                break;
                        }
                }

                // --------------- create
                if (fmx == null) {
                        fmx = ensureFamixEntity(AnnotationType.class, bnd, name);
                        fmx.setAnnotationTypesContainer(owner);
                }

                if (bnd != null) {
                        // Not supported in Famix

                        // setVisibility(fmx, bnd.getModifiers());
                }

                return fmx;
        }

        /**
         * helper method, we know the type exists, ensureFamixAnnotationType will recover it
         */
        public AnnotationType getFamixAnnotationType(ITypeBinding bnd, String name, ContainerEntity owner) {
                return ensureFamixAnnotationType(bnd, name, owner);
        }

        public AnnotationTypeAttribute ensureFamixAnnotationTypeAttribute(IMethodBinding bnd, String name, AnnotationType owner) {
                AnnotationTypeAttribute fmx = null;

                // --------------- to avoid useless computations if we can
                fmx = (AnnotationTypeAttribute)getEntityByKey(bnd);
                if (fmx != null) {
                        return fmx;
                }

                // --------------- name
                if (name == null) {
                        if (bnd == null) {
                                return null;
                        }
                        else {
                                name = bnd.getName();
                        }
                }

                // --------------- owner
                if (owner == null) {
                        if (bnd == null) {
                                return null;  // what would be the use of an AnnotationTypeAttribute without AnnotationType ?
                        }
                        else {
                                ITypeBinding parentType = bnd.getDeclaringClass();
                                if (parentType != null) {
                                        owner = this.ensureFamixAnnotationType(parentType, null, null);
                                }
                                else  {
                                        return null;  // what would be the use of an AnnotationTypeAttribute without AnnotationType ?
                                }
                        }
                }

                // --------------- recover from name ?
                for (AnnotationTypeAttribute candidate : getEntityByName(AnnotationTypeAttribute.class, name) ) {
                        // JDT treats annotation type attributes as methods ...
                        // checkAndMapMethod wants a signature as 2nd argument so we add empty param list
                        if ( (bnd != null) && matchAndMapMethod(bnd, name+"()", null, owner, candidate) ) {
                                fmx = candidate;
                                break;
                        }
                        // if the binding is null, the annotationTypeAttribute migth have been created
                        else if ( (bnd == null) && matchAndMapVariable(null, name, owner, candidate)) {
                                fmx = candidate;
                                break;
                        }
                }

                if (fmx == null) {
                        fmx = ensureFamixEntity(AnnotationTypeAttribute.class, bnd, name);
                        fmx.setParentType(owner);
                }

                if (bnd != null) {
                        // Not suopp

                        // setVisibility(fmx, bnd.getModifiers());
                }

                return fmx;
        }

        /**
         * helper method, we know the attribute exists, ensureFamixAnnotationTypeAttribute will recover it
         */
        public AnnotationTypeAttribute getFamixAnnotationTypeAttribute(IMethodBinding bnd, String name, AnnotationType owner) {
                return ensureFamixAnnotationTypeAttribute( bnd, name, owner);
        }
        
        
        /**
         * Returns a FAMIX Wildcard with its bounds
         * @param bnd
         * @param name
         * @param owner
         * @return
         */
        public Wildcard ensureFamixWildcardType(ITypeBinding bnd, String name, TParametricEntity owner, TWithTypes ctxt) {
                Wildcard fmx = this.ensureFamixEntity(Wildcard.class, bnd, bnd.getName());
                if(bnd.getBound() != null) {
                        Type bound = this.ensureFamixType(bnd.getBound());
                        if(bnd.isUpperbound()) {
                                fmx.setUpperBound(bound);
                                bound.addUpperBoundedWildcards(fmx);
                        }else{
                                fmx.setLowerBound(bound);
                                bound.addLowerBoundedWildcards(fmx);
                        }
                }
                return fmx;
        }

        /**
         * Returns a Famix TypeParameter (created by a Famix ParametricEntity) with the given <b>name</b>, creating it if it does not exist yet
         * In the second case, sets some default properties: not Abstract, not Final, not Private, not Protected, not Public
         * @param name -- the name of the Famix TypeParameter
         * @return the Famix TypeParameter or null in case of a Famix error
         */
        public TypeParameter ensureFamixTypeParameter(ITypeBinding bnd,        String name, TWithTypes owner) {
                TypeParameter fmx;

                // --------------- to avoid useless computations if we can
                fmx = (TypeParameter)getEntityByKey(bnd);
                if (fmx != null) {
                        return fmx;
                }

                // --------------- name
                if (name == null) {
                        if (bnd == null) {
                                return null;
                        }
                        else {
                                name = bnd.getName();
                        }
                }

                // --------------- owner
                if (owner == null && bnd != null) {
            if (bnd.getDeclaringClass() != null) {
                owner = this.ensureFamixType(bnd.getDeclaringClass());
            } else if(bnd.getDeclaringMethod() != null) {
                owner = this.ensureFamixMethod(bnd.getDeclaringMethod());
            }
                }

                // --------------- recover from name ?
                for (Type candidate : this.getEntityByName(Type.class, name)) {
                        if ( matchAndMapType(bnd, name, (ContainerEntity) owner, candidate) ) {
                                fmx = (TypeParameter) candidate;
                                break;
                        }
                }

                // --------------- create
                if (fmx == null) {
                        fmx = ensureFamixEntity(TypeParameter.class, bnd, name);
                        if(bnd != null && bnd.getSuperclass() != null) {
                                Type upperBound = ensureFamixType(bnd.getSuperclass());
                                fmx.setUpperBound(upperBound);
                        }
                        if(bnd != null) {
                for (ITypeBinding intbnd : bnd.getInterfaces()) {
                    Type upperBound = ensureFamixType(intbnd);
                    fmx.setUpperBound(upperBound);
                }
            }
                        fmx.setTypeContainer(owner);
                }

                return fmx;
        }

        /**
         * Checks whether the existing unmapped Famix Namespace matches the binding.
         * Checks that the candidate has the same name as the JDT bound package, and checks recursively that owners also match.
         *
         * @param bnd       -- a JDT binding that we are trying to match to the candidate
         * @param name      of the package
         * @param owner     of the package
         * @param candidate -- a Famix Entity
         * @return whether the binding matches the candidate (if <b>true</b>, the mapping is recorded)
         */
        private boolean matchAndMapPackage(IPackageBinding bnd, String name, Package owner, NamedEntity candidate) {
                if (!(candidate instanceof Package)) {
                        return false;
                }

                // check whether bnd and candidate are already bound
                CheckResult res = checkKeyMatch(bnd, candidate);
                if (res == CheckResult.MATCH) {
                        return true;
                } else if (res == CheckResult.FAIL) {
                        return false;
                }

                if (checkNameMatch(bnd, name, candidate) == CheckResult.FAIL) {
                        return false;
                }

                // names match, not need to look at owner because names of Namespaces are their fully qualified name
                conditionalMapToKey(bnd, candidate);
                return true;
        }

        /**
         * Checks whether the existing unmapped Famix Type matches the binding.
         * Checks that the candidate has the same name as the JDT bound type, and checks recursively that owners also match.
         * We also check that the actual class of the candidate matches (can be a sub-class of FamixType).
         * @param bnd -- a JDT binding that we are trying to match to the candidate
         * @param name of the type
         * @param owner of the type
         * @param candidate -- a Famix NamedEntity (Class, Type, PrimitiveType, Enum, AnnotationType)
         * @return whether the binding matches the candidate (if <b>true</b>, the mapping is recorded)
         */
        private <T extends TWithTypes & TNamedEntity> boolean matchAndMapType(ITypeBinding bnd, String name, TNamedEntity owner, TNamedEntity candidate) {
                if (! (candidate instanceof Type) ) {
                        return false;
                }

                // check whether bnd and candidate are already bound
                CheckResult res = checkKeyMatch(bnd, candidate);
                if (res == CheckResult.MATCH) {
                        return true;
                }
                else if (res == CheckResult.FAIL) {
                        return false;
                }

                if ( (bnd != null) && (bnd.isArray()) ) {
                                bnd = bnd.getElementType();
                }

                // checking names
                if ( (bnd != null) && (bnd.isParameterizedType() || bnd.isRawType()) ) {
                        name = bnd.getErasure().getName();
                }
                else if (bnd != null) {
                        name = bnd.getName();
                }
                // else name = name
                if (checkNameMatch(null, name, candidate) == CheckResult.FAIL) {
                        return false;
                }

                // special case of primitive types
                if (candidate instanceof PrimitiveType) {
                        if ( (bnd != null) && bnd.isPrimitive() ) {
                                // names are equal so it's OK
                                conditionalMapToKey(bnd, candidate);
                                return true;
                        }
                        else if ( (bnd == null) && (owner == null) ) {
                                return true;
                        }
                }

                // check owners without bnd
                if (bnd == null) {
                        return matchAndMapTypeOwner(bnd, owner, (Type) candidate);
                }

                // check owners with bnd
                // type is an annotation
                if (bnd.isAnnotation() && (candidate instanceof AnnotationType)) {
                        if (matchAndMapPackage(bnd.getPackage(), owner.getName(), (Package) Util.getOwner(owner), Util.getOwner(candidate))) {
                                conditionalMapToKey(bnd, candidate);
                                return true;
                        } else {
                                return false;
                        }
                }

                // check owners with bnd
                // type is a Parameterized type
                if ((bnd.isParameterizedType() || bnd.isRawType()) && (candidate instanceof ParametricClass)) {
                        return matchAndMapTypeOwner(bnd, owner, (Type) candidate);
                }

                // check owners with bnd
                // type is an Enum
                if (bnd.isEnum() && (candidate instanceof Enum)) {
                        return matchAndMapTypeOwner(bnd, owner, (Type) candidate);
                }

                // check owners with bnd
                // type is something elae (a class or interface)
                // Annotation are interfaces too, so we should check this one after isAnnotation
                if ( bnd.isClass()) {
                        return matchAndMapClass(bnd, name, owner, (Type) candidate);
                }

                if(bnd.isInterface()) {
                        return matchAndMapInterface(bnd, name, owner, (Type) candidate);
                }

                return false;
        }

        /**
         * Checks whether the existing unmapped Famix Class (or Interface) matches the binding.
         * Checks that the candidate has the same name as the JDT bound type, and checks recursively that owners also match.
         * @param bnd -- a JDT binding that we are trying to match to the candidate
         * @param name of the class
         * @param owner of the class
         * @param candidate -- a Famix Entity
         * @return whether the binding matches the candidate (if <b>true</b>, the mapping is recorded)
         */
        private boolean matchAndMapClass(ITypeBinding bnd, String name, TNamedEntity owner, TType candidate) {
                if (!(candidate instanceof Class)) {
                        return false;
                }

                // check whether bnd and candidate are already bound
                CheckResult res = checkKeyMatch(bnd, candidate);
                if (res == CheckResult.MATCH) {
                        return true;
                } else if (res == CheckResult.FAIL) {
                        return false;
                }

                if (checkNameMatch(bnd, name, candidate) == CheckResult.FAIL) {
                        return false;
                }

                // checking owner
                return matchAndMapTypeOwner(bnd, owner, (Type) candidate);
        }

        /**
         * Checks whether the existing unmapped Famix Class (or Interface) matches the binding.
         * Checks that the candidate has the same name as the JDT bound type, and checks recursively that owners also match.
         * @param bnd -- a JDT binding that we are trying to match to the candidate
         * @param name of the class
         * @param owner of the class
         * @param candidate -- a Famix Entity
         * @return whether the binding matches the candidate (if <b>true</b>, the mapping is recorded)
         */
        private boolean matchAndMapInterface(ITypeBinding bnd, String name, TNamedEntity owner, Type candidate) {
                if (!(candidate instanceof Interface)) {
                        return false;
                }

                // check whether bnd and candidate are already bound
                CheckResult res = checkKeyMatch(bnd, candidate);
                if (res == CheckResult.MATCH) {
                        return true;
                } else if (res == CheckResult.FAIL) {
                        return false;
                }

                if (checkNameMatch(bnd, name, candidate) == CheckResult.FAIL) {
                        return false;
                }

                // checking owner
                return matchAndMapTypeOwner(bnd, owner, candidate);
        }

        /**
         * Checks whether the existing unmapped Famix "Method" matches the binding.
         * Checks that the candidate has the same name and same signature as the JDT bound method, and checks recursively that owners also match.
         * Note that AnnotationTypeAttribute are treated as methods by JDT, so they are checked here.
         * @param bnd -- a JDT binding that we are trying to match to the candidate
         * @param sig -- signature of the method
         * @param retTyp -- return type of the method
         * @param owner of the method
         * @param candidate -- a Famix Entity (regular Method or AnnotationTypeAttribute)
         * @return whether the binding matches the candidate (if <b>true</b>, the mapping is recorded)
         */
        private  boolean matchAndMapMethod(IMethodBinding bnd, String sig, TType retTyp, TNamedEntity owner, NamedEntity candidate) {
                if (! (candidate instanceof Method) ) {
                        return false;
                }

                // check whether bnd and candidate are already bound
                CheckResult res = checkKeyMatch(bnd, candidate);
                if (res == CheckResult.MATCH) {
                        return true;
                }
                else if (res == CheckResult.FAIL) {
                        return false;
                }

                // checking names
                String name = (sig != null) ? sig.substring(0, sig.indexOf('(')) : null;
                if (checkNameMatch(bnd, name, candidate) == CheckResult.FAIL) {
                        return false;
                }

                // for methods, the name is not enough, we must test the signature also
                // but not for AnnotationTypeAttribute

                        if (bnd != null) {
                                sig = bnd.getName() + "(" + signatureParamsFromBinding(bnd) + ")";
                        }
                        if (! ((Method) candidate).getSignature().equals(sig)) {
                                return false;
                        }

                        // and still for method, must also check the return type
                        if (bnd != null) {
                                if (isConstructorBinding(bnd)) {
                                        if ( ((Method) candidate).getDeclaredType() != null ) {
                                                return false;
                                        }
                                        // else OK for now
                                }
                                else { // not a constructor
                                        if ( ((Method) candidate).getDeclaredType() == null ) {
                                                return false;
                                        }
                                        else if (! matchAndMapType(bnd.getReturnType(), null, null, ((Method) candidate).getDeclaredType()) ) {
                                                return false;
                                        }
                                        // else OK for now
                                }
                        }
                        else {  // bnd == null
                                if (retTyp == null) { // similar to (bnd.isConstructor())
                                        if ( ((Method) candidate).getDeclaredType() != null ) {
                                                return false;
                                        }
                                        // else OK for now
                                } else { // (ret != null)  i.e. not a constructor
                                        if (((Method) candidate).getDeclaredType() == null) {
                                                return false;
                                        } else if (!matchAndMapType(null, retTyp.getName(), Util.getOwner(retTyp), (NamedEntity) ((Method) candidate).getDeclaredType())) {
                                                return false;
                                        }
                                        // else OK for now
                                }
                        }


                // check owner
                if (matchAndMapOwnerAsType(((bnd != null) ? bnd.getDeclaringClass() : null), owner, Util.getOwner(candidate)) == CheckResult.MATCH) {
                        conditionalMapToKey(bnd, candidate);
                        return true;
                } else {
                        return false;
                }
        }

        /** testing that a method binding is for a constructor
         * There is a special case for "diamond constructors" (eg: <code>new HashSet<>()</code>)
         */
        protected boolean isConstructorBinding(IMethodBinding bnd) {
                if (bnd.isConstructor()) {
                        return true;
                }
                if ( bnd.getName().equals("<factory>") ) {
                        return true;
                }
                return false;
        }

        /**
         * Checks whether the candidate (an existing unmapped Famix "Variable" like Attribute, Parameter, ...) matches the binding.
         * Checks that the candidate has the same name as the JDT bound variable, and checks recursively that owners also match.
         * The Famix candidate is a NamedEntity and not a StructuralEntity to allow dealing with Famix EnumValue that JDT treats as variables
         * @param bnd -- a JDT binding that we are trying to match to the candidate
         * @param name of the variable
         * @param owner of the variable
         * @param candidate -- a Famix Entity (a StructuralEntity or an EnumValue)
         * @return whether the binding matches the candidate (if <b>true</b>, the mapping is recorded)
         */
        private boolean matchAndMapVariable(IVariableBinding bnd, String name, TNamedEntity owner, TNamedEntity candidate) {
                if (!(candidate instanceof TStructuralEntity)) {
                        return false;
                }

                // check whether bnd and candidate are already bound
                CheckResult keyMatch = checkKeyMatch(bnd, candidate);
                if (keyMatch == CheckResult.MATCH) {
                        return true;
                } else if (keyMatch == CheckResult.FAIL) {
                        return false;
                }

                if (checkNameMatch(bnd, name, candidate) == CheckResult.FAIL) {
                        return false;
                }

                // check owner
                TNamedEntity candidateOwner = Util.getOwner(candidate);

                // local variable or parameter ?
                // owner is a Method? (for example in case of an anonymous class)
                CheckResult res = matchAndMapOwnerAsMethod(((bnd != null) ? bnd.getDeclaringMethod() : null), owner, candidateOwner);
                if (res == CheckResult.FAIL) {
                        return false;
                } else if (res == CheckResult.MATCH) {
                        conditionalMapToKey(bnd, candidate);
                        return true;
                }

                // check owner
                // <anArray>.length field?
                if (name.equals("length")) {
                        boolean isArrayLengthField = ((bnd != null) && (bnd.getDeclaringClass() == null)) ||
                                                                                 ((bnd == null) && (owner.getName().equals(EntityDictionary.ARRAYS_NAME)));
                        if (isArrayLengthField) {
                                if (candidateOwner.getName().equals(EntityDictionary.ARRAYS_NAME)) {
                                        conditionalMapToKey(bnd, candidate);
                                        return true;
                                }
                                else {
                                        return false;
                                }
                        }
                }

                // check owner
                // "normal" field?
                res = matchAndMapOwnerAsType( ((bnd != null) ? bnd.getDeclaringClass() : null), owner, candidateOwner);
                if (res == CheckResult.MATCH) {
                        conditionalMapToKey(bnd, candidate);
                        return true;
                }
                return false;
        }

        /**
         * Checks whether the existing unmapped Famix Type's parent (or owner) matches the binding's owner.
         * Checks that the candidate has the same name as the JDT bound type, and checks recursively that owners also match.
         * @param bnd -- a JDT binding whose owner we are trying to match to the candidate's owner
         * @param owner -- the owner of the type
         * @param candidate -- a Famix Entity
         * @return whether we found a match (if <b>true</b>, the mapping is recorded)
         */
        private boolean matchAndMapTypeOwner(ITypeBinding bnd, TNamedEntity owner, Type candidate) {
                ContainerEntity candidateOwner = Util.getOwner(candidate);

                // owner is a Method? (for example in case of an anonymous class)
                CheckResult res = matchAndMapOwnerAsMethod(((bnd != null) ? bnd.getDeclaringMethod() : null), owner, candidate);
                if (res == CheckResult.MATCH) {
                        conditionalMapToKey(bnd, candidate);
                        return true;
                } else if (res == CheckResult.FAIL) {
                        return false;
                }

                // owner is a class ?
                res = matchAndMapOwnerAsType(((bnd != null) ? bnd.getDeclaringClass() : null), owner, candidateOwner);
                if (res == CheckResult.MATCH) {
                        conditionalMapToKey(bnd, candidate);
                        return true;
                }
                else if (res == CheckResult.FAIL) {
                        return false;
                }

                // owner must be a package
                if (matchAndMapOwnerAsNamespace( ((bnd != null)?bnd.getPackage():null), owner, candidateOwner) == CheckResult.MATCH) {
                        conditionalMapToKey(bnd, candidate);
                        return true;
                }
                return false;
        }

        /**
         * Check whether the owner of candidates is a method macthinf either methBnd or owner
         * @param methBnd
         * @param owner
         * @param candidateOwner
         * @return a {@link CheckResult}
         */
        private  <T extends TNamedEntity> CheckResult matchAndMapOwnerAsMethod(IMethodBinding methBnd, T owner, T candidateOwner) {
                if ((methBnd != null) || (owner instanceof Method)) {
                        if (!(candidateOwner instanceof Method)) {
                                return CheckResult.FAIL;
                        }

                        ContainerEntity ownerOwner = (owner != null) ? (ContainerEntity) Util.getOwner(owner) : null;
                        String ownerSig = (owner != null) ? ((Method) owner).getSignature() : null;
                        Type ownerReturn = (owner != null) ? (Type) ((Method) owner).getDeclaredType() : null;

                        if (matchAndMapMethod(methBnd, ownerSig, ownerReturn, ownerOwner, (Method) candidateOwner)) {
                                return CheckResult.MATCH;
                        } else {
                                return CheckResult.FAIL;
                        }
                }
                return CheckResult.UNDECIDED;
        }

        /**
         * @param typBnd
         * @param owner
         * @param candidateOwner
         * @return a {@link CheckResult}
         */
        private CheckResult matchAndMapOwnerAsType(ITypeBinding typBnd, TNamedEntity owner, TNamedEntity candidateOwner) {
                if ((typBnd != null) || (owner instanceof Type)) {
                        if (!(candidateOwner instanceof Type)) {
                                return CheckResult.FAIL;
                        }

                        TNamedEntity ownerOwner = (owner != null) ? Util.getOwner(owner) : null;
                        String ownerName = (owner != null) ? owner.getName() : null;

                        if (matchAndMapType(typBnd, ownerName, ownerOwner, candidateOwner)) {
                                return CheckResult.MATCH;
                        } else {
                                return CheckResult.FAIL;
                        }
                }
                return CheckResult.UNDECIDED;
        }

        private CheckResult matchAndMapOwnerAsNamespace(IPackageBinding pckgBnd, TNamedEntity owner, ContainerEntity candidateOwner) {
                if ((pckgBnd != null) || (owner instanceof Package)) {
                        if (!(candidateOwner instanceof Package)) {
                                return CheckResult.FAIL;
                        }

                        Package ownerOwner = (owner != null) ? (Package) Util.getOwner(owner) : null;
                        String ownerName = (owner != null) ? owner.getName() : null;

                        if (matchAndMapPackage(pckgBnd, ownerName, ownerOwner, candidateOwner)) {
                                return CheckResult.MATCH;
                        } else {
                                return CheckResult.FAIL;
                        }
                }
                return CheckResult.UNDECIDED;
        }

        /**
         * Checks whether the name and the candidate matches the name of the entity (given either by 'bnd' or 'name')<br>
         * 'name' and 'bnd' cannot be null together
         * @param bnd -- binding associated with the entity may be null
         * @param name -- name of the entity may be null
         * @param candidate
         * @return true if names match, false if not
         */
        private CheckResult checkNameMatch(IBinding bnd, String name, TNamedEntity candidate) {
                if ( (bnd != null) && (! bnd.getName().equals(candidate.getName())) ) {
                        return CheckResult.FAIL;
                }
                else if ( (bnd == null) && (name != null) && (! name.equals(candidate.getName())) ) {
                        return CheckResult.FAIL;
                }
                else {
                        return CheckResult.MATCH;
                }
        }

        /**
         * Check whether key and candidate are already bound together, whether either is bound to something else, or whether none is bound
         * @param key
         * @param candidate
         * @return <ul><li><b>-1</b>, if either is bound to something else</li><li><b>0</b>, if none is bound (or key is null)</li><li><b>1</b>, if they are bound to each other</li></ul>
         */
        private CheckResult checkKeyMatch(IBinding key, TNamedEntity candidate) {
                if (key == null) {
                        return CheckResult.UNDECIDED;
                }

                NamedEntity bound = (NamedEntity)getEntityByKey(key);
                if (bound == candidate) {
                        return CheckResult.MATCH;
                }
                else if (bound != null) {
                        return CheckResult.FAIL;
                }
                else if (getEntityKey(candidate) != null) {
                        //we check if the both bindings are linked to the same entity
                        IBinding candidateBinding = getEntityKey(candidate);
                        if(candidateBinding.getKey().equals(key.getKey())) {
                                return CheckResult.MATCH;
                        }
                        
                        //if candidate is a stub, we accept multiple recovery binding
                        //this code will be upgraded with the possibility to add manually code to entities
                        if (candidate instanceof TCanBeStub && ((TCanBeStub) candidate).getIsStub()) {
                                return CheckResult.UNDECIDED;
                        }
      
                        return CheckResult.FAIL;
                }
                else {
                        return CheckResult.UNDECIDED;
                }
        }

        private void conditionalMapToKey(IBinding bnd, TNamedEntity ent) {
                if (bnd != null) {
                        mapEntityToKey(bnd, ent);
                }
        }

        public Method ensureFamixMethod(IMethodBinding bnd) {
                return ensureFamixMethod(
                                bnd,
                                /*name*/null,
                                /*paramsType*/null,
                                /*returnType*/null,
                                /*owner*/null,
                                (bnd == null) ? UNKNOWN_MODIFIERS : bnd.getModifiers());
        }

        /**
         * Returns a Famix Method associated with the IMethodBinding.
         * The Entity is created if it does not exist.
         * @param name -- the name of the Famix Method (MUST NOT be null, but this is not checked)
         * @param ret -- Famix Type returned by the method (ideally should only be null in case of a constructor, but will accept it in any case)
         * @param owner -- type defining the method (should not be null, but it will work if it is)
         * @return the Famix Entity found or created. May return null if "bnd" is null or in case of a Famix error
         */
        public Method ensureFamixMethod(IMethodBinding bnd, String name, Collection<String> paramTypes, TType ret, TWithMethods owner, int modifiers) {
                Method fmx;
                String signature;
                boolean delayedRetTyp;

                // --------------- to avoid useless computations if we can
                fmx = (Method)getEntityByKey(bnd);
                if (fmx != null) {
                        return fmx;
                }

                // --------------- name
                if (name == null) {
                        if (bnd == null) {
                                return null;
                        }
                        else {
                                name = bnd.getName();
                        }
                }

                // --------------- signature
                signature = name + "(";
                 if (bnd != null) {
                    signature += signatureParamsFromBinding(bnd);
                }
        else if (paramTypes != null) {
                        signature += signatureParamsFromStringCollection(paramTypes);
                }
                else {
                        signature += "???";
                }
                signature += ")";

                // --------------- return type
                delayedRetTyp = false;
                ITypeBinding retTypBnd = null;
                if (ret == null) {
                        if (bnd != null) {
                // must create the return type
                // but for method like "<T> T mtd()" where T belongs to mtd and mtd returns T,
                // we need T to create the method and the method to create T ...
                // so we need to test the situation and deal with it
                retTypBnd = bnd.getReturnType();
                if ( (retTypBnd != null) && retTypBnd.isTypeVariable() && (retTypBnd.getDeclaringMethod() == bnd) ) {
                    delayedRetTyp = true;
                }
                else {
                        ret = this.referredType(retTypBnd, fmx);
                }
                        }
                }

                // --------------- owner
                if (owner == null) {
                        if (bnd == null) {
                                owner = ensureFamixClassStubOwner();
                        }
                        else {
                                ITypeBinding classBnd = bnd.getDeclaringClass().getErasure();
                                if (classBnd != null) {
                                        owner = ensureFamixType(classBnd);
                                }
                                else {
                                        owner = ensureFamixClassStubOwner();
                                }
                        }
                }

                // --------------- recover from name ?
                for (Method candidate : this.getEntityByName(Method.class, name)) {
                        if (matchAndMapMethod(bnd, signature, ret, (TNamedEntity) owner, candidate)) {
                                fmx = candidate;
                                break;
                        }
                }

                if (fmx == null) {
                        if(bnd != null && bnd.isGenericMethod() && !isConstructorBinding(bnd)) {
                                fmx = ensureFamixEntity(ParametricMethod.class, bnd, name);
                                for(ITypeBinding param: bnd.getTypeParameters()) {
                                        TypeParameter fmxParam = this.ensureFamixTypeParameter(param, null, fmx);
                                        fmxParam.setGenericEntity((ParametricMethod)fmx);
                                }
                        // Parameterized method binding = when the method is the target of an invocation.
                        } else if (bnd != null && bnd.isParameterizedMethod()) {
                                fmx = this.ensureFamixMethod(bnd.getMethodDeclaration());
                        } else {
                if (bnd != null && isConstructorBinding(bnd)) {
                    fmx = ensureFamixEntity(Initializer.class, bnd, name);
                } else {
                    fmx = ensureFamixEntity(Method.class, bnd, name);
                }
            }

                        fmx.setSignature(signature);
                        ITypeBinding returnTypeBnd = (bnd == null) ? null : bnd.getReturnType();
                        ensureFamixEntityTyping(returnTypeBnd, fmx, ret);
                        fmx.setParentType(owner);
                }

                if (fmx != null) {
                        setMethodModifiers(fmx, modifiers);
                }

        //If it has the #default keywork, we mark it as default implementation
        if (Modifier.isDefault(modifiers)) {
            fmx.setKind(DEFAULT_IMPLEMENTATION_KIND_MARKER);
        }

        if (delayedRetTyp) {
                        int retTypModifiers = retTypBnd.getModifiers();
                        ITypeBinding returnTypeBnd = bnd.getReturnType();
                        ensureFamixEntityTyping(returnTypeBnd, fmx, this.ensureFamixType(retTypBnd, /*name*/null, /*owner*/fmx, /*ctxt*/(ContainerEntity) owner, retTypModifiers));
                }

                return fmx;
        }


        /**
         * Creates or recovers the initializer method containing the attribute initializations of a type.
         * @param owner Type containing the initializer
         * @param isStatic Modifier of the initializer. A type can have 2 initializers for attribute initialization: 1 static and 1 not.
         * @param isInitializationBlock True if the entity is an initialization block. False for the artificial method containing all field initializations.
         * @return the FamixInitializer
         */
        public Initializer ensureFamixInitializer(TWithMethods owner, Boolean isStatic, Boolean isInitializationBlock) {
                Initializer fmx = null;

                if (owner != null) {
                        Optional<TMethod> existingInitializer = owner.getMethods().stream()
                                        .filter(meth ->
                                                        ((Method) meth).getIsInitializer() &&
                                                        ((Method) meth).getIsConstructor().equals(false) &&
                                                        ((Method) meth).getIsClassSide().equals(isStatic) &&
                                                        ((Initializer) meth).getIsInitializationBlock().equals(isInitializationBlock))
                                        .findFirst();
                        if (existingInitializer.isPresent()) {
                                fmx = (Initializer) existingInitializer.get();
                        }
                }

                if (fmx == null) {
                        fmx = createFamixEntity(Initializer.class, INIT_BLOCK_NAME);
                        fmx.setSignature(INIT_BLOCK_NAME + "()" );
                        fmx.setVisibility(MODIFIER_PRIVATE);
                        fmx.setParentType(owner);
                        fmx.setIsClassSide(isStatic);
                        fmx.setIsInitializationBlock(isInitializationBlock);
                }

                return fmx;
        }


        public Initializer ensureImplicitConstructor(IMethodBinding binding, TWithMethods owner, String name, Collection<String> parameterTypesNames) {
                Initializer fmx = null;

                if (fmx == null) {
                        int modifiers = (binding != null) ? binding.getModifiers() : EntityDictionary.UNKNOWN_MODIFIERS;
                        if (binding == null) {
                                // OK! Binding is null, this is the default constructor!!
                                // It has no source code :)
                                fmx = ensureFamixEntity(Initializer.class, null, name);
                                fmx.setParentType(owner);
                                fmx.setSignature(name + "()");                                
                        } else {
                                // But, if we have the binding, that means the constructor exists. Let's just go the normal way
                                fmx = (Initializer) this.ensureFamixMethod(binding, name, parameterTypesNames, /*ret type*/null, owner, modifiers);
                        }
                }

                return fmx;
        }

        /**
         * Creates or recovers a stub Famix Method
         * @param name of the method
         * @return the Famix Method
         */
        public Method ensureFamixStubMethod(String name) {
                return ensureFamixMethod(null, name, /*paramType*/null, /*returnType*/null, ensureFamixClassStubOwner(), /*modifiers*/0);
        }

        public void setAttributeModifiers(Attribute fmx, int mod) {
                setCommonModifiers(fmx, mod, null);
                fmx.setIsTransient(Modifier.isTransient(mod));
                fmx.setIsVolatile(Modifier.isVolatile(mod));
        }

        public void setMethodModifiers(Method fmx, int mod) {
                setCommonModifiers(fmx, mod, (TWithTypes) fmx.getParentType());
                fmx.setIsAbstract(Modifier.isAbstract(mod));
                fmx.setIsSynchronized(Modifier.isSynchronized(mod));
        }

        public void setClassModifiers(Class fmx, int mod, TWithTypes owner) {
                setCommonModifiers(fmx, mod, null);
                fmx.setIsAbstract(Modifier.isAbstract(mod));
        }

        public void setInterfaceModifiers(Interface fmx, int mod) {
                setCommonModifiers(fmx, mod, null);
        }

        private void setCommonModifiers(Entity fmx, int mod, TWithTypes owner) {
                setVisibility((THasVisibility)fmx, mod, owner);
                ((TCanBeClassSide)fmx).setIsClassSide(Modifier.isStatic(mod));
                ((TCanBeFinal)fmx).setIsFinal(Modifier.isFinal(mod));
        }

        /**
         * Sets the visibility of a FamixNamedEntity
         *
         * @param fmx -- the FamixNamedEntity
         * @param mod -- a description of the modifiers as understood by org.eclipse.jdt.core.dom.Modifier
         */
        public void setVisibility(THasVisibility fmx, int mod, TWithTypes owner) {
                if (Modifier.isPublic(mod)) {
                        fmx.setVisibility(MODIFIER_PUBLIC);
                } else if (Modifier.isPrivate(mod)) {
                        fmx.setVisibility(MODIFIER_PRIVATE);
                } else if (Modifier.isProtected(mod)) {
                        fmx.setVisibility(MODIFIER_PROTECTED);
                } else {
                        //Default visibility!
                        //If we are in an interface, default visibility is public, otherwise package.
                        if (owner instanceof Interface) {
                                fmx.setVisibility(MODIFIER_PUBLIC);
                        } else {
                                fmx.setVisibility(MODIFIER_PACKAGE);
                        }
                }
        }

        /**
         * Returns a Famix Attribute associated with the IVariableBinding.
         * The Entity is created if it does not exist.<br>
         * @param name -- the name of the FAMIX Attribute (MUST NOT be null, but this is not checked)
         * @param type -- Famix Type of the Attribute (should not be null, but it will work if it is)
         * @param owner -- type defining the Attribute (should not be null, but it will work if it is)
         * @return the Famix Entity found or created. May return null if "bnd" is null or in case of a Famix error
         */
        public Attribute ensureFamixAttribute(IVariableBinding bnd, String name, Type type, TWithAttributes owner) {
                Attribute fmx;

                // --------------- to avoid useless computations if we can
                fmx = (Attribute)getEntityByKey(bnd);
                if (fmx != null) {
                        return fmx;
                }

                // --------------- name
                if (name == null) {
                        if (bnd == null) {
                                return null;
                        }
                        else {
                                name = bnd.getName();
                        }
                }

                // --------------- owner
                if (owner == null) {
                        if (bnd == null) {
                                return null;  // what would be the interest of creating an attribute for which we ignore the declaring class?
                        }
                        else {
                                if (bnd.getDeclaringClass() != null && bnd.getDeclaringClass().getErasure() != null) {
                                        // Declaring class is the generic one if the class is parametric.
                                        owner = (TWithAttributes)ensureFamixType(bnd.getDeclaringClass().getErasure());
                                } else {
                                        return null;  // what would be the interest of creating an attribute for which we ignore the declaring class?
                                }
                        }
                }

                // --------------- recover from name ?
                for (Attribute candidate : getEntityByName(Attribute.class, name)) {
                        if (matchAndMapVariable(bnd, name, (TNamedEntity) owner, candidate)) {
                                fmx = candidate;
                                break;
                        }
                }

                if (fmx == null) {
                        fmx = ensureFamixEntity(Attribute.class, bnd, name);
                        fmx.setParentType( owner);
                }

        fmx.setParentType(owner);
        ITypeBinding declaredTypeBinding = (bnd == null) ? null : bnd.getType();
        ensureFamixEntityTyping(declaredTypeBinding, fmx, type);
        if (bnd != null) {
            int mod = bnd.getModifiers();
            setAttributeModifiers(fmx, mod);
        }

        return fmx;
        }

        public Attribute ensureFamixAttribute(IVariableBinding bnd, String name, TWithAttributes owner) {
                return ensureFamixAttribute(bnd, name, /*declared type*/null, owner);
        }

        /**
         * helper method, we know the var exists, ensureFamixAttribute will recover it
         */
        public Attribute getFamixAttribute(IVariableBinding bnd, String name, TWithAttributes owner) {
                return ensureFamixAttribute(bnd, name, /*declared type*/null, owner);
        }

        /**
         * Returns a Famix Parameter associated with the IVariableBinding.
         * The Entity is created if it does not exist.<br>
         * @return the Famix Entity found or created. May return null if "bnd" is null or in case of a Famix error
         */
        public Parameter ensureFamixParameter(IVariableBinding bnd, String name, Type typ, TMethod tMethod) {
                Parameter fmx = null;

                // --------------- to avoid useless computations if we can
                try {
                        fmx = (Parameter)getEntityByKey(bnd);
                }catch(Throwable e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                }
                if (fmx != null) {
                        return fmx;
                }

                // --------------- name
                if (name == null) {
                        if (bnd == null) {
                                return null;
                        }
                        else {
                                name = bnd.getName();
                        }
                }

                // --------------- owner
                if (tMethod == null) {
                        if (bnd == null) {
                                tMethod = ensureFamixStubMethod("<"+name+"_owner>");
                        }
                        else {
                                tMethod = ensureFamixMethod(bnd.getDeclaringMethod());
                        }
                }

                // --------------- recover from name ?
                for (Parameter candidate : getEntityByName(Parameter.class, name) ) {
                        if ( matchAndMapVariable(bnd, name, tMethod, candidate) ) {
                                fmx = candidate;
                                break;
                        }
                }

                if (fmx == null) {
                        fmx = ensureFamixEntity(Parameter.class, bnd, name);
                }

                if (fmx != null) {
                        fmx.setParentBehaviouralEntity(tMethod);
                        ITypeBinding declaredTypeBnd = (bnd == null) ? null : bnd.getType();
                        ensureFamixEntityTyping(declaredTypeBnd, fmx, typ);
                }

                return fmx;
        }

    /**
         * Returns a Famix LocalVariable associated with the IVariableBinding.
         * The Entity is created if it does not exist.<br>
         * @param name -- the name of the FAMIX LocalVariable
         * @return the Famix Entity found or created. May return null if <b>bnd</b> and <b>name</b> are null, or <b>bnd</b> and <b>owner</b> are null, or in case of a Famix error
         */
        public LocalVariable ensureFamixLocalVariable(IVariableBinding bnd, String name, TWithLocalVariables owner) {
                LocalVariable fmx;

                // --------------- to avoid useless computations if we can
                fmx = (LocalVariable)getEntityByKey(bnd);
                if (fmx != null) {
                        return fmx;
                }

                // --------------- name
                if (name == null) {
                        if (bnd == null) {
                                return null;
                        }
                        else {
                                name = bnd.getName();
                        }
                }

                // --------------- owner
                if (owner == null) {
                        if (bnd == null) {
                                return null;  // what would be the interest of a local variable for which we ignore the declaring method?
                        }
                        else {
                                owner = ensureFamixMethod(bnd.getDeclaringMethod());
                        }
                }

                // --------------- recover from name ?
                for (LocalVariable candidate : getEntityByName(LocalVariable.class, name) ) {
                        if ( matchAndMapVariable(bnd, name, (TNamedEntity) owner, candidate) ) {
                                fmx = candidate;
                                break;
                        }
                }

                if (fmx == null) {
                        fmx = ensureFamixEntity(LocalVariable.class, bnd, name);
                        fmx.setParentBehaviouralEntity(owner);
                }

        // we just created it or it was not bound, so we make sure it has the right information in it
        fmx.setParentBehaviouralEntity(owner);

        return fmx;
        }

    /**
         * Returns a FAMIX ImplicitVariable with the given <b>name</b> ("self" or "super") and corresponding to the <b>type</b>.
         * If this ImplicitVariable does not exist yet, it is created
         * @param name -- the name of the FAMIX ImplicitVariable (should be Dictionary.SELF_NAME or Dictionary.SUPER_NAME)
         * @param type -- the Famix Type for this ImplicitVariable (should not be null)
         * @param tMethod -- the ContainerEntity where the implicit variable appears (should be a method inside <b>type</b>)
         * @return the FAMIX ImplicitVariable or null in case of a FAMIX error
         */
        public ImplicitVariable ensureFamixImplicitVariable(IBinding key, String name, TType type, TMethod tMethod) {
                ImplicitVariable fmx;
                fmx = ensureFamixEntity(ImplicitVariable.class, key, name);
                fmx.setParentBehaviouralEntity(tMethod);
                fmx.setIsStub(tMethod.getIsStub());
                if (fmx.getTyping() == null) {
                        ensureFamixEntityTyping(null, fmx, type);
                } else {
                        fmx.getTyping().setDeclaredType(type);
                }
                return fmx;
        }

        public ImplicitVariable ensureFamixImplicitVariable(String name, TType tType, TMethod tMethod) {
                IBinding bnd = ImplicitVarBinding.getInstance(tMethod, name);
                return ensureFamixImplicitVariable(bnd, name, tType, tMethod);
        }

        /**
         * Creates and returns a Famix Comment and associates it with an Entity (ex: for Javadocs)
         * @param jCmt -- the content (String) of the comment 
         * @param owner -- the entity that is commented
         * @return the Famix Comment
         */
        public Comment createFamixComment(org.eclipse.jdt.core.dom.Comment jCmt, TWithComments owner) {
                Comment cmt = null;

                if ( (jCmt != null) && (owner != null) ) {
                        
                        cmt = new Comment();
                        addSourceAnchor(cmt, jCmt);
                        famixRepoAdd(cmt);
                        cmt.setCommentedEntity(owner);
                }

                return cmt;
        }

        /**
         * Creates and returns a Famix Comment and associates it with an Entity
         * @param jCmt -- the content (String) of the comment 
         * @param owner -- the entity that is commented
         * @param content -- the text of the comment
         * @return the Famix Comment
         */
        public Comment createFamixComment(org.eclipse.jdt.core.dom.Comment jCmt, TWithComments owner, String content) {
                Comment cmt = null;

                if ( (jCmt != null) && (owner != null) ) {
                        cmt = new Comment();
                        cmt.setContent(content );
                        famixRepoAdd(cmt);
                        cmt.setCommentedEntity(owner);
                }

                return cmt;
        }

        /**
         * Adds location information to a Famix Entity.
         * Location informations are: <b>name</b> of the source file and <b>line</b> position in this file. They are found in the JDT ASTNode: ast.
         * This method also creates some basic links between the entity and others (e.g. declaring container, return type, ...)
         * @param fmx -- Famix Entity to add the anchor to
         * @param node -- JDT ASTNode, where the information is extracted
         * @return the Famix SourceAnchor added to fmx. May be null in case of incorrect parameter ('fmx' or 'ast' == null)
         */
        public SourceAnchor addSourceAnchor(TSourceEntity fmx, ASTNode node) {
                IndexedFileAnchor fa;

                fa = createIndexedFileAnchor(node);
                if ((fmx != null) && (fa != null)) {
                        fmx.setSourceAnchor(fa);
                        famixRepoAdd(fa);
                }

                return fa;
        }

        /**
         * Special case of  {@linkplain #addSourceAnchor(TSourceEntity, ASTNode)} to add location information to a Famix Method.
         */
        public SourceAnchor addSourceAnchor(Method fmx, MethodDeclaration node) {
                IndexedFileAnchor fa;

                fa = createIndexedFileAnchor(node);
                if ((fmx != null) && (fa != null)) {

                        // may change the positions
                        List<ASTNode> methodDeclarationModifiers = new ArrayList<>();
                        methodDeclarationModifiers.addAll(node.modifiers());
                        if (node.getName() != null) {
                                methodDeclarationModifiers.add(node.getName());
                        }
                        if (node.getReturnType2() != null) {
                                methodDeclarationModifiers.add(node.getReturnType2());
                        }
                        int beg = (methodDeclarationModifiers.stream().mapToInt(el -> el.getStartPosition()).min().getAsInt()) + 1;
                        int end = node.getStartPosition() + node.getLength();

                        fa.setStartPos(beg);
                        fa.setEndPos(end);

                        fmx.setSourceAnchor(fa);
                        famixRepoAdd(fa);
                }

                return fa;
        }

        /**
         * Gets the file name holding <code>node</code> and its start and end positions in the file.
         * Information returned in the form of an IndexedFileAnchor
         */
        protected IndexedFileAnchor createIndexedFileAnchor(ASTNode node) {
                IndexedFileAnchor fa;
                
                if (node == null) {
                        return null;
                }

                // position in source file
                int beg = node.getStartPosition() + 1; // Java starts at 0, Moose at 1
                int end = beg + node.getLength() - 1;

                // find source Compilation Unit
                // there is a special case for the JDT Comment Nodes
                if (node instanceof org.eclipse.jdt.core.dom.Comment) {
                        node = ((org.eclipse.jdt.core.dom.Comment) node).getAlternateRoot();
                } else {
                        node = node.getRoot();
                }

                fa = new IndexedFileAnchor();
                fa.setStartPos(beg);
                fa.setEndPos(end);

                fa.setFileName((String) node.getProperty(SOURCE_FILENAME_PROPERTY));

                return fa;
        }

        /**
         * Creates or recovers the Famix Class for "Object".
         * Because "Object" is the root of the inheritance tree, it needs to be treated differently.
         *
         * @return a Famix class for "Object"
         */
        public Class ensureFamixClassObject() {
        // In the past we used #ensureFamixUniqEntity but that does not check that the parent package is right and we got some Object from other packages than java.lang...
        Collection<Class> objects = getEntityByName(Class.class, "Object");

        for (Class entity : objects) {
                //We need to cast because the type container is a FamixTWithType but all implementors of this should be named in Java...
                if ("java.lang".equals(((TNamedEntity) entity.getTypeContainer()).getName())) {
                    return entity;
                }
        }

        Class fmx = createFamixEntity(Class.class, "Object");
        fmx.setTypeContainer(ensureFamixPackageJavaLang(null));
                return fmx;
        }

        /***
         * We treat array types as parametrized types Array<T>.
         * This keeps the meta-model simple: a single way to model different concepts.
         * @return
         */
        public ParametricClass ensureParametricArrayClass() {
                
                Collection<ParametricClass> arrayClasses = getEntityByName(ParametricClass.class, "Array");
                
                for (ParametricClass entity : arrayClasses) {
            //We need to cast because the type container is a FamixTWithType but all implementors of this should be named in Java...
            if ("java.lang".equals(((TNamedEntity) entity.getTypeContainer()).getName())) {
                return entity;
            }
                }
                
                //Create the parametric class
                ParametricClass arrayClass = createFamixEntity(ParametricClass.class, "Array"); 

                //And now add the type parameter
                TypeParameter fmxParam = this.ensureFamixTypeParameter(null, "T", arrayClass);
                fmxParam.setGenericEntity(arrayClass);
                fmxParam.setIsStub(true);
                
                //And the class is in java.lang
                arrayClass.setTypeContainer(ensureFamixPackageJavaLang(null));
                
                return arrayClass;
        }

        /**
         * Ensures the Java meta-class: <pre>{@code java.lang.Class<>}</pre>
         */
        public Class ensureFamixMetaClass(ITypeBinding bnd) {
                Package javaLang = ensureFamixPackageJavaLang((bnd == null) ? null : bnd.getPackage());
                ParametricClass fmx = (ParametricClass) this.ensureFamixClass(null, METACLASS_NAME, javaLang, /*isGeneric*/true, Modifier.PUBLIC & Modifier.FINAL);

                if (fmx != null) {
                        fmx.addTypeParameters(ensureFamixTypeParameter(null, "T", fmx));
                }

                if ((fmx != null) && (fmx.getSuperInheritances() == null)) {
                        ensureFamixInheritance(ensureFamixClassObject(), fmx, null, null);
                }

                return fmx;
        }

        public Class getFamixMetaClass(ITypeBinding bnd) {
                Package javaLang = ensureFamixPackageJavaLang((bnd == null) ? null : bnd.getPackage());
                return this.ensureFamixClass(null, METACLASS_NAME, javaLang, /*isGeneric*/true, UNKNOWN_MODIFIERS);
        }

        /**
         * Creates or recovers the Famix Class for all arrays (<pre>{@code <some-type> []}</pre>)
         * In java arrays or objects of special classes (i.e. "I[" for an array of int).
         * JDT does not create a binding for these classes, so we create a stub one here.
         *
         * @return a Famix class
         */
        public Class ensureFamixClassArray() {
                Class fmx = ensureFamixUniqEntity(Class.class, null, ARRAYS_NAME);
                if (fmx != null) {
                        ensureFamixInheritance(ensureFamixClassObject(), fmx, /*prev*/null, null);
                        fmx.setTypeContainer(ensureFamixPackageDefault());

                        // may be not needed anymore now that we use modifiers
                        /*fmx.setIsAbstract(Boolean.FALSE);
                        fmx.setIsFinal(Boolean.FALSE);
                        fmx.setIsInterface(Boolean.FALSE); 
                        fmx.setIsPrivate(Boolean.FALSE);
                        fmx.setIsProtected(Boolean.FALSE);*/
                        fmx.setVisibility(MODIFIER_PUBLIC);
                }

                return fmx;
        }

        public String removeLastPartOfPackageName(String qualifiedName) {
                String ret;
                int last = qualifiedName.lastIndexOf('.');
                if (last > 0) {
                        // recursively creating the parent
                        ret = qualifiedName.substring(0, last);
                }
                else {
                        ret = "";
                }

                return ret;
        }

        /** Generates the list of parameters for a method signature
         * @return a string
         */
        protected String signatureParamsFromBinding(IMethodBinding bnd) {
                boolean first = true;
                String sig = "";

                for (ITypeBinding parBnd : bnd.getParameterTypes()) {
                        if (first) {
                                sig = parBnd.getName();
                                first = false;
                        }
                        else {
                                sig += "," + parBnd.getName();
                        }
                }
                return sig;
        }

        private String signatureParamsFromStringCollection(Collection<String> paramTypes) {
                boolean first = true;
                String sig = "";

                for (String t : paramTypes) {
                        if (first) {
                                sig = t;
                                first = false;
                        }
                        else {
                                sig += "," + t;
                        }
                }
                return sig;
        }

        public String findTypeName(org.eclipse.jdt.core.dom.Type t) {
                if (t == null) {
                        return null;
                }

                if (t.isPrimitiveType()) {
                        return t.toString();
                } else if (t.isSimpleType()) {
                        String fullName = ((SimpleType) t).getName().getFullyQualifiedName();
                        int i = fullName.lastIndexOf('.');
                        if (i > 0) {
                                return fullName.substring(i+1);
                        }
                        else {
                                return fullName;
                        }
                } else if (t.isQualifiedType()) {
                        return ((QualifiedType) t).getName().getIdentifier();
                } else if (t.isArrayType()) {
                        return findTypeName(((ArrayType) t).getElementType());
                } else if (t.isParameterizedType()) {
                        return findTypeName(((org.eclipse.jdt.core.dom.ParameterizedType) t).getType());
                } else { // it is a WildCardType
                        if (((org.eclipse.jdt.core.dom.WildcardType) t).isUpperBound()) {
                                return findTypeName(((org.eclipse.jdt.core.dom.WildcardType) t).getBound());
                        } else {
                                return EntityDictionary.OBJECT_NAME;
                        }
                }
        }

        /**
         * Ensures the proper creation of a FamixType for JDT typ in the given context.
         * Useful for parameterizedTypes, or classInstance.
         *
         * @param isClass we are sure that the type is actually a class
         * @return a famix type or null
         */
        public <T extends TWithTypes & TNamedEntity> TType referredType(org.eclipse.jdt.core.dom.Type typ, T ctxt, boolean isClass) {
                return this.referredType(typ, ctxt, isClass, /*isExcep*/false);
        }
        
        /**
         * Ensures the proper creation of a FamixType for JDT type in the given context.
         * Useful for parameterizedTypes, or classInstance.
         *
         * @param isClass we are sure that the type is actually a class
         * @return a famix type or null
         */
        public <T extends TWithTypes & TNamedEntity> TType referredType(org.eclipse.jdt.core.dom.Type typ, T ctxt, boolean isClass, boolean isException) {
                if (typ == null) {
                        return null;
                } else if (typ.resolveBinding() != null) {
                        return this.referredType(typ.resolveBinding(), ctxt);
                }
                // from here, we assume the owner is the context
                else if (isClass && !isException) {
                        return this.ensureFamixClass(null, findTypeName(typ), /*owner*/ctxt, /*isGeneric*/false,
                                        EntityDictionary.UNKNOWN_MODIFIERS);
                } else if (isException) {
                        // return ensure FamixException
                        return this.ensureFamixException(null, findTypeName(typ), (ContainerEntity) /*owner*/ctxt, /*isGeneric*/false,
                                        EntityDictionary.UNKNOWN_MODIFIERS);
                } else {
                        while (typ.isArrayType()) {
                                typ = ((ArrayType) typ).getElementType();
                        }

                        if (typ.isPrimitiveType()) {
                                return this.ensureFamixPrimitiveType(null, findTypeName(typ));
                        } else {
                                return this.ensureFamixType(null, findTypeName(typ), /*owner*/ctxt, /*container*/ctxt,
                                                EntityDictionary.UNKNOWN_MODIFIERS);
                        }
                }
        }
        
        public TType referredType(ITypeBinding bnd, TNamedEntity ctxt) {
                return this.referredType(bnd, ctxt, 0);
        }
        
        public TType referredType(ITypeBinding bnd, TNamedEntity ctxt, int extraDimensions) {
                TType fmxTyp = null;

                if (bnd == null) {
                        return null;
                }

                String name;
                //Three cases here:
                // - the type binding knows it's an array
                // - the binding is not declared as array, but it has dimensions > 0
                // - the dimension is not in the type but in the variable declaration (thus extra)
                if (bnd.isArray() || bnd.getDimensions() + extraDimensions > 0) {
                        // We treat array types as parametrized types Array<T>.
                        // This keeps the meta-model simple: a single way to model different concepts.
                        return this.ensureParametricArrayClass();
                }
                name = bnd.getName();

                if ( bnd.isParameterizedType() ) {
                        
                        // remove type parameters from the name even for parameterized interfaces
                        int i = name.indexOf('<');
                        if (i > 0) {
                                name = name.substring(0, i);
                        }

                        ITypeBinding parameterizableBnd = bnd.getErasure();
                        int modifiers = (parameterizableBnd != null) ? parameterizableBnd.getModifiers() : EntityDictionary.UNKNOWN_MODIFIERS;
                        
                        if(parameterizableBnd != null && parameterizableBnd.isInterface()) {
                                fmxTyp = (ParametricInterface) this.ensureFamixInterface(parameterizableBnd, name, /*owner*/null, /*isGeneric*/true, modifiers);
                        } else {
                                fmxTyp = (ParametricClass) this.ensureFamixClass(parameterizableBnd, name, /*owner*/null, /*isGeneric*/true, modifiers);
                        }
                } else if ( (name != null) && name.equals("var") ) {
                        fmxTyp = this.ensureFamixUniqEntity(org.moosetechnology.model.famix.famixjavaentities.Type.class, /*binding*/null, EntityDictionary.IMPLICIT_VAR_TYPE_NAME);        
                } else {
                        fmxTyp = this.ensureFamixType(bnd, name, /*owner*/null, (TWithTypes) ctxt, bnd.getModifiers());
                }

                return fmxTyp;
        }

}

moosetechnology / VerveineJ / 38736888627

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