estebanzimanyi / MobilityDB / 21786347306

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Add trend, segmentMinDuration, and segmentMaxDuration functions (#756)

We give below the documentation of these functions in the MobilityDB
Manual

* `trend`: Return the trend of a temporal float with linear
interpolation, which states whether its value is increasing, constant,
or decreasing, represented, respectively, by 1, 0, and -1.
```
trend(tfloat) → tint
```
Note that the trend is `NULL` for instantaneous sequences.
```
SELECT trend(tfloat '[1@2001-01-01, 2@2001-01-02, 4@2001-01-03, 4@2001-01-04, 3@2001-01-05, 2@2001-01-06]');
-- [1@2001-01-01, 0@2001-01-03, -1@2001-01-04, -1@2001-01-06]
SELECT trend(tfloat '[1@2001-01-01]');
-- NULL
```

* `segmentMinDuration`, `segmentMaxDuration`: Return a temporal boolean
stating whether each segment of a continuous temporal sequence (set)
has, respectively, at least or at most a given duration
```
segmentMinDuration(temp,interval,bool strict=true) → tbool
segmentMaxDuration(temp,interval,bool strict=true) → tbool
```
If `strict` is not specified, the value true is assumed by default, and
therefore the function checks whether the segment
duration is strictly less than or greater than the interval. If the
argument is set to false, the function checks whether the
segment duration is less/greater than or equal to the interval.
```
SELECT segmentMinDuration(tfloat '[1@2001-01-01, 0@2001-01-03, -1@2001-01-04,-1@2001-01-06]', '1 day');
-- {[t@2001-01-01, f@2001-01-03, t@2001-01-04, t@2001-01-06)}
SELECT segmentMinDuration(tfloat '[1@2001-01-01, 0@2001-01-03, -1@2001-01-04,-1@2001-01-06]', '1 day', false);
-- {[t@2001-01-01, t@2001-01-06)}
SELECT segmentMaxDuration(tfloat '[1@2001-01-01, 0@2001-01-03, -1@2001-01-04,-1@2001-01-06]', '1 day');
-- {[f@2001-01-01 00:00:00+01, f@2001-01-06 00:00:00+01)}
SELECT segmentMaxDuration(tfloat '[1@2001-01-01, 0@2001-01-03, -1@2001-01-04,-1@2001-01-06]', '1 day', false);
-- {[f@2001-01-01, t@2001-01-03, f@2001-01-04, f@2001-01-06)}
```

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