nshkrdotcom / sinter / 3a16437c363d845e72f861e5d67fbaa8ad0f7ddd

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Add discriminated unions, field aliases, and validation hooks

This commit introduces several advanced schema features to Sinter to support
more complex data structures and validation workflows.

The new discriminated_union type allows selecting a schema variant based on a
discriminator field value, commonly found in polymorphic JSON APIs. A literal
type is also added to support exact value matching.

Field aliases allow mapping canonical Elixir keys to different external string
keys. The validator now checks for both the alias and the canonical name, while
the transform module can optionally output data using these aliases.

New validation hooks provide more granular control:
- pre_validate: A schema-level function to transform raw input before standard
validation begins.
- field validators: Per-field functions that run after type checks for custom
logic and data transformation.

The JsonSchema module is updated to represent these new types and aliases in
generated documents using oneOf and discriminator mapping.

Key changes:
- Added :discriminated_union and :literal types to Sinter.Types
- Added :alias option to field definitions for serialization mapping
- Added :pre_validate schema configuration for early data normalization
- Added :validate option for custom per-field validation logic
- Updated Sinter.Transform to support schema-driven key aliasing
- Updated Sinter.JsonSchema to support oneOf and property name overrides

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