Qiskit / qiskit-terra / 5649952247

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Fix empty-barrier handling in OpenQASM 2 (#10469)

The new parser would allow a `barrier;` statement, implicitly
broadcasting it across all qubits in scope.  This is technically not
supported by the OpenQASM 2 specification, but is a useful
quality-of-life extension to the specification (in the same way that
Qiskit interprets barriers, and the OpenQASM 3 specification defines the
`barrier;` statement).  The precise rule is added to the new parser's
`strict` mode.

The OpenQASM 2 _exporter_ similarly should not have been putting out
`barrier;` statements.  These could only occur in Qiskit when a barrier
was explicitly constructed with zero elements (as opposed to the call
`QuantumCircuit.barrier()`, which has the all-in-scope behaviour), and
consequently have no actual meaning or effect.  The exporter is modified
to simply skip such instructions, for as long as Qiskit permits the
qubitless barrier statement.

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