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chore: Fix package build scripts for git-deps and npm-link symlinks (#746)

## Background
This PR is copied from #481. It was contributed by @jasonkarns a couple of years ago. I just pulled his changes, merged master and resolved conflicts.

## Summary
Main change: `prepublishOnly` is the wrong lifecycle script for building/compiling. prepublishOnly does not run during install for git-deps; nor does it run when a package is being symlinked via npm-link. The correct script is `prepare`.

This PR:
- ensures the build/bundle/compile script is accurately defined as `build` so as to be run properly by the top level `lerna run build` script.
- ensures "clean" is run before building
- ensures `clean` is defined and exposed such that `lerna run clean` works properly
- ensures `build` is invoked during `prepare` lifecycle hook (packing, publishing, git-installing, npm-linking)
- preserves `npm test` being run during `prepublishOnly`
- adds package tarball pattern to gitignore so npm-pack can be run for inspection
- removes unnecessary files from `package.json#files` array (license, changelog, readme, and package.json files are included automatically)
- renames CHANGELOG.MD to be cased properly

## Test plan
No code changes

1100 of 1236 branches covered (89.0%)

Branch coverage included in aggregate %.

9634 of 9809 relevant lines covered (98.22%)

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