micropython / micropython / 11435

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py: Split RAISE_VARARGS opcode into 3 separate ones.

From the beginning of this project the RAISE_VARARGS opcode was named and
implemented following CPython, where it has an argument (to the opcode)
counting how many args the raise takes:

    raise # 0 args (re-raise previous exception)
    raise exc # 1 arg
    raise exc from exc2 # 2 args (chained raise)

In the bytecode this operation therefore takes 2 bytes, one for
RAISE_VARARGS and one for the number of args.

This patch splits this opcode into 3, where each is now a single byte.
This reduces bytecode size by 1 byte for each use of raise.  Every byte
counts!  It also has the benefit of reducing code size (on all ports except
nanbox).

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