29433712829

Committed 15 Jul 2026 04:40PM UTC coverage: 65.967%. Remained the same

Build # 29433712829

Build Type

push

github

Committed by

ibacher

Commit Message

TRUNK-6444: Backport for 2.8.x (#6330)

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/api/src/main/java/org/openmrs/api/impl/ConceptServiceImpl.java

/**
 * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public License,
 * v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this file, You can
 * obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. OpenMRS is also distributed under
 * the terms of the Healthcare Disclaimer located at http://openmrs.org/license.
 *
 * Copyright (C) OpenMRS Inc. OpenMRS is a registered trademark and the OpenMRS
 * graphic logo is a trademark of OpenMRS Inc.
 */
package org.openmrs.api.impl;

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.UUID;

import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;
import org.apache.commons.text.StringEscapeUtils;
import org.apache.commons.collections.CollectionUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
import org.openmrs.Concept;
import org.openmrs.ConceptAnswer;
import org.openmrs.ConceptAttribute;
import org.openmrs.ConceptAttributeType;
import org.openmrs.ConceptClass;
import org.openmrs.ConceptComplex;
import org.openmrs.ConceptDatatype;
import org.openmrs.ConceptDescription;
import org.openmrs.ConceptMap;
import org.openmrs.ConceptMapType;
import org.openmrs.ConceptName;
import org.openmrs.ConceptNameTag;
import org.openmrs.ConceptNumeric;
import org.openmrs.ConceptProposal;
import org.openmrs.ConceptReferenceRange;
import org.openmrs.ConceptReferenceRangeContext;
import org.openmrs.ConceptReferenceTerm;
import org.openmrs.ConceptReferenceTermMap;
import org.openmrs.ConceptSearchResult;
import org.openmrs.ConceptSet;
import org.openmrs.ConceptSource;
import org.openmrs.ConceptStopWord;
import org.openmrs.Drug;
import org.openmrs.DrugIngredient;
import org.openmrs.Obs;
import org.openmrs.Patient;
import org.openmrs.Person;
import org.openmrs.api.APIException;
import org.openmrs.api.AdministrationService;
import org.openmrs.api.ConceptInUseException;
import org.openmrs.api.ConceptNameInUseException;
import org.openmrs.api.ConceptService;
import org.openmrs.api.ConceptStopWordException;
import org.openmrs.api.ConceptsLockedException;
import org.openmrs.api.context.Context;
import org.openmrs.api.db.ConceptDAO;
import org.openmrs.api.db.DAOException;
import org.openmrs.api.db.hibernate.HibernateUtil;
import org.openmrs.customdatatype.CustomDatatypeUtil;
import org.openmrs.parameter.ConceptSearchCriteria;
import org.openmrs.parameter.ConceptSearchCriteriaBuilder;
import org.openmrs.util.ConceptReferenceRangeUtility;
import org.openmrs.util.OpenmrsConstants;
import org.openmrs.util.OpenmrsUtil;
import org.openmrs.validator.ValidateUtil;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CacheEvict;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

/**
 * Default Implementation of ConceptService service layer classes
 * 
 * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService to access these methods
 */
@Transactional
public class ConceptServiceImpl extends BaseOpenmrsService implements ConceptService {
        
        private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ConceptServiceImpl.class);
        
        private ConceptDAO dao;
        
        private static Concept trueConcept;
        
        private static Concept falseConcept;
        
        private static Concept unknownConcept;

        private static final String ERROR_MESSAGE = "Error generated";

        private static final String CONCEPT_IDS_BY_MAPPING_CACHE_NAME = "conceptIdsByMapping";

        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#setConceptDAO(org.openmrs.api.db.ConceptDAO)
         */
        @Override
        public void setConceptDAO(ConceptDAO dao) {
                this.dao = dao;
        }

        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#saveConcept(org.openmrs.Concept)
         * <strong>Should</strong> return the concept with new conceptID if creating new concept
         * <strong>Should</strong> return the concept with same conceptID if updating existing concept
         * <strong>Should</strong> leave preferred name preferred if set
         * <strong>Should</strong> set default preferred name to fully specified first
         * <strong>Should</strong> not set default preferred name to short or index terms
     * <strong>Should</strong> force set flag if set members exist
         */
        @Override
        @CacheEvict(value = CONCEPT_IDS_BY_MAPPING_CACHE_NAME, allEntries = true)
        public Concept saveConcept(Concept concept) throws APIException {
                ensureConceptMapTypeIsSet(concept);

                CustomDatatypeUtil.saveAttributesIfNecessary(concept);

                // make sure the administrator hasn't turned off concept editing
                checkIfLocked();
                checkIfDatatypeCanBeChanged(concept);
                
                List<ConceptName> changedConceptNames = null;
                Map<String, ConceptName> uuidClonedConceptNameMap = null;
                
                if (concept.getConceptId() != null) {
                        uuidClonedConceptNameMap = new HashMap<>();
                        for (ConceptName conceptName : concept.getNames()) {
                                // ignore newly added names
                                if (conceptName.getConceptNameId() != null) {
                                        ConceptName clone = cloneConceptName(conceptName);
                                        clone.setConceptNameId(null);
                                        uuidClonedConceptNameMap.put(conceptName.getUuid(), clone);
                                        
                                        if (hasNameChanged(conceptName)) {
                                                if (changedConceptNames == null) {
                                                        changedConceptNames = new ArrayList<>();
                                                }
                                                changedConceptNames.add(conceptName);
                                        } else {
                                                // put back the concept name id
                                                clone.setConceptNameId(conceptName.getConceptNameId());
                                                // Use the cloned version
                                                try {
                                                        BeanUtils.copyProperties(conceptName, clone);
                                                }
                                                catch (IllegalAccessException | InvocationTargetException e) {
                                                        log.error(ERROR_MESSAGE, e);
                                                }
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                }
                
                if (CollectionUtils.isNotEmpty(changedConceptNames)) {
                        for (ConceptName changedName : changedConceptNames) {
                                // void old concept name
                                changedName.setVoided(true);
                                changedName.setDateVoided(new Date());
                                changedName.setVoidedBy(Context.getAuthenticatedUser());
                                changedName.setVoidReason(Context.getMessageSourceService().getMessage("Concept.name.voidReason.nameChanged"));

                                makeVoidedNameSynonym(changedName);
                                makeLocaleNotPreferred(changedName);
                                
                                // create a new concept name from the matching cloned
                                // conceptName
                                ConceptName clone = uuidClonedConceptNameMap.get(changedName.getUuid());
                                clone.setUuid(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
                                clone.setDateCreated(null);
                                clone.setCreator(null);
                                concept.addName(clone);
                        }
                }
                ensurePreferredNameForLocale(concept);
                logConceptChangedData(concept);
                
                // force isSet when concept has members
                if (!concept.getSet() && (!concept.getSetMembers().isEmpty())) {
                        concept.setSet(true);
                }

                return dao.saveConcept(concept);
        }

        private void ensureConceptMapTypeIsSet(Concept concept) {
                ConceptMapType defaultConceptMapType = null;
                for (ConceptMap map : concept.getConceptMappings()) {
                        if (map.getConceptMapType() == null) {
                                if (defaultConceptMapType == null) {
                                        defaultConceptMapType = Context.getConceptService().getDefaultConceptMapType();
                                }
                                map.setConceptMapType(defaultConceptMapType);
                        }
                }
        }

        private void makeVoidedNameSynonym(ConceptName conceptName) {
                // Helps to avoid having  multiple fully
                // specified or preferred names in a locale
                // in case the name is unvoided
                if (!conceptName.isSynonym()) {
                        conceptName.setConceptNameType(null);
                }
        }

        private void makeLocaleNotPreferred(ConceptName conceptName) {
                if (conceptName.getLocalePreferred()) {
                        conceptName.setLocalePreferred(false);
                }
        }

        private void ensurePreferredNameForLocale(Concept concept) {
                //Ensure if there's a name for a locale that at least one suitable name is marked preferred in that locale
                //Order of preference is:
                // 1) any name that concept.getPreferredName returns
                // 2) fully specified name
                // 3) any synonym
                // short name and index terms are never preferred.

                Set<Locale> checkedLocales = new HashSet<>();
                for (ConceptName n : concept.getNames()) {
                        Locale locale = n.getLocale();
                        if (checkedLocales.contains(locale)) {
                                continue; //we've already checked this locale
                        }

                        //getPreferredName(locale) returns any name marked preferred,
                        //or the fullySpecifiedName even if not marked preferred
                        ConceptName possiblePreferredName = concept.getPreferredName(locale);

                        if (possiblePreferredName != null) {
                                //do nothing yet, but stick around to setLocalePreferred(true)
                        } else if (concept.getFullySpecifiedName(locale) != null) {
                                possiblePreferredName = concept.getFullySpecifiedName(locale);
                        } else if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(concept.getSynonyms(locale))) {
                                concept.getSynonyms(locale).iterator().next().setLocalePreferred(true);
                        }
                        //index terms are never used as preferred name

                        if (possiblePreferredName != null) { //there may have been none
                                possiblePreferredName.setLocalePreferred(true);
                        }
                        checkedLocales.add(locale);
                }
        }

        private void logConceptChangedData(Concept concept) {
                concept.setDateChanged(new Date());
                concept.setChangedBy(Context.getAuthenticatedUser());
        }

        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#saveDrug(org.openmrs.Drug)
         */
        @Override
        public Drug saveDrug(Drug drug) throws APIException {
                checkIfLocked();
                return dao.saveDrug(drug);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#purgeConcept(Concept)
         */
        @Override
        public void purgeConcept(Concept concept) throws APIException {
                checkIfLocked();
                
                if (concept.getConceptId() != null) {
                        for (ConceptName conceptName : concept.getNames()) {
                                if (hasAnyObservation(conceptName)) {
                                        throw new ConceptNameInUseException("Can't delete concept with id : " + concept.getConceptId()
                                                + " because it has a name '" + conceptName.getName()
                                                + "' which is being used by some observation(s)");
                                }
                        }
                }
                
                dao.purgeConcept(concept);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#retireConcept(org.openmrs.Concept, java.lang.String)
         */
        @Override
        public Concept retireConcept(Concept concept, String reason) throws APIException {
                if (StringUtils.isBlank(reason)) {
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException(Context.getMessageSourceService().getMessage("general.voidReason.empty"));
                }
                
                // only do this if the concept isn't retired already
                if (!concept.getRetired()) {
                        checkIfLocked();
                        
                        concept.setRetired(true);
                        concept.setRetireReason(reason);
                        return Context.getConceptService().saveConcept(concept);
                }
                
                return concept;
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#retireDrug(org.openmrs.Drug, java.lang.String)
         * @throws APIException
         */
        @Override
        public Drug retireDrug(Drug drug, String reason) throws APIException {
                return dao.saveDrug(drug);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#unretireDrug(org.openmrs.Drug)
         */
        @Override
        public Drug unretireDrug(Drug drug) throws APIException {
                return Context.getConceptService().saveDrug(drug);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#purgeDrug(org.openmrs.Drug)
         * @throws APIException
         */
        @Override
        public void purgeDrug(Drug drug) throws APIException {
                dao.purgeDrug(drug);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConcept(java.lang.Integer)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public Concept getConcept(Integer conceptId) throws APIException {
                return dao.getConcept(conceptId);
        }

        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptByReference(String conceptRef)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public Concept getConceptByReference(String conceptRef) {
                if (StringUtils.isBlank(conceptRef)) {
                        return null;
                }
                ConceptSearchCriteria criteria = new ConceptSearchCriteriaBuilder().addConceptReference(conceptRef)
                        .includeRetired(true).build();
                List<Concept> concepts = getConcepts(criteria);
                return concepts.isEmpty() ? null : concepts.get(0);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptName(java.lang.Integer)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public ConceptName getConceptName(Integer conceptNameId) throws APIException {
                return dao.getConceptName(conceptNameId);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptAnswer(java.lang.Integer)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public ConceptAnswer getConceptAnswer(Integer conceptAnswerId) throws APIException {
                return dao.getConceptAnswer(conceptAnswerId);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getDrug(java.lang.Integer)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public Drug getDrug(Integer drugId) throws APIException {
                return dao.getDrug(drugId);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptNumeric(java.lang.Integer)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public ConceptNumeric getConceptNumeric(Integer conceptId) throws APIException {
                return dao.getConceptNumeric(conceptId);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptComplex(java.lang.Integer)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public ConceptComplex getConceptComplex(Integer conceptId) {
                return dao.getConceptComplex(conceptId);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getAllConcepts()
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<Concept> getAllConcepts() throws APIException {
                return Context.getConceptService().getAllConcepts(null, true, true);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getAllConcepts(java.lang.String, boolean, boolean)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<Concept> getAllConcepts(String sortBy, boolean asc, boolean includeRetired) throws APIException {
                String tmpSortBy = sortBy == null ? "conceptId" : sortBy;
                
                return dao.getAllConcepts(tmpSortBy, asc, includeRetired);
        }

        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptsByName(java.lang.String)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<Concept> getConceptsByName(String name) throws APIException {
                return getConcepts(name, Context.getLocale(), true, null, null);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptByName(java.lang.String)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public Concept getConceptByName(String name) {
                if (StringUtils.isBlank(name)) {
                        return null;
                }
                return dao.getConceptByName(name);
        }

        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConcept(java.lang.String)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public Concept getConcept(String conceptIdOrName) {
                Concept c;
                Integer conceptId;
                try {
                        conceptId = Integer.valueOf(conceptIdOrName);
                }
                catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
                        conceptId = null;
                }
                
                if (conceptId != null) {
                        c = Context.getConceptService().getConcept(conceptId);
                } else {
                        c = Context.getConceptService().getConceptByName(conceptIdOrName);
                }
                return c;
        }
        
        /**
         * Generic getConcepts method (used internally) to get concepts matching a on name
         * 
         * @param name
         * @param loc
         * @param searchOnPhrase
         * @return
         */
        private List<Concept> getConcepts(String name, Locale loc, boolean searchOnPhrase, List<ConceptClass> classes,
                List<ConceptDatatype> datatypes) {
                List<ConceptClass> tmpClasses = classes == null ? new ArrayList<>() : classes;
                List<ConceptDatatype> tmpDatatypes = datatypes == null ? new ArrayList<>() : datatypes;
                
                return dao.getConcepts(name, loc, searchOnPhrase, tmpClasses, tmpDatatypes);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getDrug(java.lang.String)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public Drug getDrug(String drugNameOrId) {
                Integer drugId;
                
                try {
                        drugId = Integer.valueOf(drugNameOrId);
                }
                catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
                        drugId = null;
                }
                
                if (drugId != null) {
                        return Context.getConceptService().getDrug(drugId);
                } else {
                        List<Drug> drugs = dao.getDrugs(drugNameOrId, null, false);
                        if (drugs.size() > 1) {
                                log.warn("more than one drug name returned with name:" + drugNameOrId);
                        }
                        if (drugs.isEmpty()) {
                                return null;
                        }
                        return drugs.get(0);
                }
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getAllDrugs()
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<Drug> getAllDrugs() {
                return Context.getConceptService().getAllDrugs(true);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getAllDrugs(boolean)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<Drug> getAllDrugs(boolean includeRetired) {
                return dao.getDrugs(null, null, includeRetired);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getDrugsByConcept(org.openmrs.Concept)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<Drug> getDrugsByConcept(Concept concept) {
                return dao.getDrugs(null, concept, false);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getDrugs(java.lang.String)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<Drug> getDrugs(String phrase) {
                List<Drug> drugs = new ArrayList<>();
                // trying to treat search phrase as drug id
                try {
                        Integer drugId = Integer.parseInt(phrase);
                        Drug targetDrug = Context.getConceptService().getDrug(drugId);
                        // if drug was found add it to result
                        if (targetDrug != null) {
                                drugs.add(targetDrug);
                        }
                }
                catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                        // do nothing
                }
                
                // also try to treat search phrase as drug concept id
                try {
                        Integer conceptId = Integer.parseInt(phrase);
                        Concept targetConcept = Context.getConceptService().getConcept(conceptId);
                        if (targetConcept != null) {
                                drugs.addAll(Context.getConceptService().getDrugsByConcept(targetConcept));
                        }
                }
                catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                        // do nothing
                }
                
                drugs.addAll(dao.getDrugs(phrase));
                return drugs;
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptsByClass(org.openmrs.ConceptClass)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<Concept> getConceptsByClass(ConceptClass cc) {                
                return dao.getConceptsByClass(cc);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getAllConceptClasses(boolean)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<ConceptClass> getAllConceptClasses(boolean includeRetired) {
                return dao.getAllConceptClasses(includeRetired);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptClass(java.lang.Integer)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public ConceptClass getConceptClass(Integer i) {
                return dao.getConceptClass(i);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptClassByName(java.lang.String)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public ConceptClass getConceptClassByName(String name) {
                List<ConceptClass> ccList = dao.getConceptClasses(name);
                if (ccList.size() > 1) {
                        log.warn("More than one ConceptClass found with name: " + name);
                }
                if (ccList.size() == 1) {
                        return ccList.get(0);
                }
                return null;
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getAllConceptClasses(boolean)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<ConceptClass> getAllConceptClasses() throws APIException {
                return Context.getConceptService().getAllConceptClasses(true);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#saveConceptClass(org.openmrs.ConceptClass)
         */
        @Override
        public ConceptClass saveConceptClass(ConceptClass cc) throws APIException {
                return dao.saveConceptClass(cc);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#purgeConceptClass(org.openmrs.ConceptClass)
         */
        @Override
        public void purgeConceptClass(ConceptClass cc) {
                dao.purgeConceptClass(cc);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#purgeConceptNameTag(org.openmrs.ConceptNameTag)
         */
        @Override
        public void purgeConceptNameTag(ConceptNameTag cnt) {
                dao.deleteConceptNameTag(cnt);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getAllConceptDatatypes()
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<ConceptDatatype> getAllConceptDatatypes() {
                return Context.getConceptService().getAllConceptDatatypes(true);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getAllConceptDatatypes(boolean)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<ConceptDatatype> getAllConceptDatatypes(boolean includeRetired) throws APIException {
                return dao.getAllConceptDatatypes(includeRetired);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptDatatype(java.lang.Integer)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public ConceptDatatype getConceptDatatype(Integer i) {
                return dao.getConceptDatatype(i);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptDatatypeByName(java.lang.String)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public ConceptDatatype getConceptDatatypeByName(String name) {
                return dao.getConceptDatatypeByName(name);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptSetsByConcept(org.openmrs.Concept)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<ConceptSet> getConceptSetsByConcept(Concept concept) throws APIException {
                return dao.getConceptSetsByConcept(concept);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptsByConceptSet(Concept)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<Concept> getConceptsByConceptSet(Concept c) {
                Set<Integer> alreadySeen = new HashSet<>();
                List<Concept> ret = new ArrayList<>();
                explodeConceptSetHelper(c, ret, alreadySeen);
                return ret;
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getSetsContainingConcept(org.openmrs.Concept)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<ConceptSet> getSetsContainingConcept(Concept concept) {
                if (concept.getConceptId() == null) {
                        return Collections.emptyList();
                }
                
                return dao.getSetsContainingConcept(concept);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptProposal(java.lang.Integer)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public ConceptProposal getConceptProposal(Integer conceptProposalId) {
                return dao.getConceptProposal(conceptProposalId);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getAllConceptProposals(boolean)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<ConceptProposal> getAllConceptProposals(boolean includeCompleted) {
                return dao.getAllConceptProposals(includeCompleted);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptProposals(java.lang.String)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<ConceptProposal> getConceptProposals(String cp) {
                return dao.getConceptProposals(cp);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getProposedConcepts(java.lang.String)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<Concept> getProposedConcepts(String text) {
                return dao.getProposedConcepts(text);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#saveConceptProposal(org.openmrs.ConceptProposal)
         */
        @Override
        public ConceptProposal saveConceptProposal(ConceptProposal conceptProposal) throws APIException {
                return dao.saveConceptProposal(conceptProposal);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#purgeConceptProposal(org.openmrs.ConceptProposal)
         */
        @Override
        public void purgeConceptProposal(ConceptProposal cp) throws APIException {
                dao.purgeConceptProposal(cp);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#mapConceptProposalToConcept(ConceptProposal, Concept, Locale)
         */
        @Override
        public Concept mapConceptProposalToConcept(ConceptProposal cp, Concept mappedConcept, Locale locale) throws APIException {
                
                if (cp.getState().equals(OpenmrsConstants.CONCEPT_PROPOSAL_REJECT)) {
                        cp.rejectConceptProposal();
                        Context.getConceptService().saveConceptProposal(cp);
                        return null;
                }
                
                if (mappedConcept == null) {
                        throw new APIException("Concept.mapped.illegal", (Object[]) null);
                }
                
                ConceptName conceptName = null;
                if (cp.getState().equals(OpenmrsConstants.CONCEPT_PROPOSAL_CONCEPT) || StringUtils.isBlank(cp.getFinalText())) {
                        cp.setState(OpenmrsConstants.CONCEPT_PROPOSAL_CONCEPT);
                        cp.setFinalText("");
                } else if (cp.getState().equals(OpenmrsConstants.CONCEPT_PROPOSAL_SYNONYM)) {
                        
                        checkIfLocked();
                        
                        String finalText = cp.getFinalText();
                        conceptName = new ConceptName(finalText, null);
                        conceptName.setConcept(mappedConcept);
                        conceptName.setLocale(locale == null ? Context.getLocale() : locale);
                        conceptName.setDateCreated(new Date());
                        conceptName.setCreator(Context.getAuthenticatedUser());
                        //If this is pre 1.9
                        if (conceptName.getUuid() == null) {
                                conceptName.setUuid(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
                        }
                        mappedConcept.addName(conceptName);
                        mappedConcept.setChangedBy(Context.getAuthenticatedUser());
                        mappedConcept.setDateChanged(new Date());
                        ValidateUtil.validate(mappedConcept);
            Context.getConceptService().saveConcept(mappedConcept);
                }
                
                cp.setMappedConcept(mappedConcept);
                
                if (cp.getObsConcept() != null) {
                        Obs ob = new Obs();
                        ob.setEncounter(cp.getEncounter());
                        ob.setConcept(cp.getObsConcept());
                        ob.setValueCoded(cp.getMappedConcept());
                        if (cp.getState().equals(OpenmrsConstants.CONCEPT_PROPOSAL_SYNONYM)) {
                                ob.setValueCodedName(conceptName);
                        }
                        ob.setCreator(Context.getAuthenticatedUser());
                        ob.setDateCreated(new Date());
                        ob.setObsDatetime(cp.getEncounter().getEncounterDatetime());
                        ob.setLocation(cp.getEncounter().getLocation());
                        ob.setPerson(cp.getEncounter().getPatient());
                        if (ob.getUuid() == null) {
                                ob.setUuid(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
                        }
            Context.getObsService().saveObs(ob, null);
                        cp.setObs(ob);
                }
                
                return mappedConcept;
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#mapConceptProposalToConcept(org.openmrs.ConceptProposal,
         *      org.openmrs.Concept)
         */
        @Override
        public Concept mapConceptProposalToConcept(ConceptProposal cp, Concept mappedConcept) throws APIException {
                return Context.getConceptService().mapConceptProposalToConcept(cp, mappedConcept, null);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptsByAnswer(org.openmrs.Concept)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<Concept> getConceptsByAnswer(Concept concept) throws APIException {
                if (concept.getConceptId() == null) {
                        return Collections.emptyList();
                }
                
                return dao.getConceptsByAnswer(concept);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getPrevConcept(org.openmrs.Concept)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public Concept getPrevConcept(Concept c) {
                return dao.getPrevConcept(c);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getNextConcept(org.openmrs.Concept)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public Concept getNextConcept(Concept c) {
                return dao.getNextConcept(c);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#checkIfLocked()
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public void checkIfLocked() throws ConceptsLockedException {
                String locked = Context.getAdministrationService().getGlobalProperty(
                    OpenmrsConstants.GLOBAL_PROPERTY_CONCEPTS_LOCKED, "false");
                if ("true".equalsIgnoreCase(locked)) {
                        throw new ConceptsLockedException();
                }
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptsWithDrugsInFormulary()
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<Concept> getConceptsWithDrugsInFormulary() {
                return dao.getConceptsWithDrugsInFormulary();
        }
        
        /**
         * @see ConceptService#getMaxConceptId()
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public Integer getMaxConceptId() {
                return dao.getMaxConceptId();
        }
        
        /**
         * Utility method used by getConceptsInSet(Concept concept)
         * 
         * @param concept
         * @param ret
         * @param alreadySeen
         */
        private void explodeConceptSetHelper(Concept concept, Collection<Concept> ret, Collection<Integer> alreadySeen) {
                if (alreadySeen.contains(concept.getConceptId())) {
                        return;
                }
                alreadySeen.add(concept.getConceptId());
                List<ConceptSet> cs = getConceptSetsByConcept(concept);
                for (ConceptSet set : cs) {
                        Concept c = set.getConcept();
                        if (c.getSet()) {
                                ret.add(c);
                                explodeConceptSetHelper(c, ret, alreadySeen);
                        } else {
                                ret.add(c);
                        }
                }
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptNameTagByName(java.lang.String)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public ConceptNameTag getConceptNameTagByName(String tagName) {
                return dao.getConceptNameTagByName(tagName);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getLocalesOfConceptNames()
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public Set<Locale> getLocalesOfConceptNames() {
                return dao.getLocalesOfConceptNames();
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptSource(java.lang.Integer)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public ConceptSource getConceptSource(Integer conceptSourceId) {
                return dao.getConceptSource(conceptSourceId);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getAllConceptSources(boolean)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<ConceptSource> getAllConceptSources(boolean includeRetired) {
                return dao.getAllConceptSources(includeRetired);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#purgeConceptSource(org.openmrs.ConceptSource)
         */
        @Override
        @CacheEvict(value = CONCEPT_IDS_BY_MAPPING_CACHE_NAME, allEntries = true)
        public ConceptSource purgeConceptSource(ConceptSource cs) throws APIException {
                return dao.deleteConceptSource(cs);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#retireConceptSource(org.openmrs.ConceptSource, String)
         */
        @Override
        public ConceptSource retireConceptSource(ConceptSource cs, String reason) throws APIException {
                // retireReason is automatically set in BaseRetireHandler
                return Context.getConceptService().saveConceptSource(cs);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#saveConceptSource(org.openmrs.ConceptSource)
         */
        @Override
        @CacheEvict(value = CONCEPT_IDS_BY_MAPPING_CACHE_NAME, allEntries = true)
        public ConceptSource saveConceptSource(ConceptSource conceptSource) throws APIException {
                return dao.saveConceptSource(conceptSource);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#saveConceptNameTag(org.openmrs.ConceptNameTag)
         */
        @Override
        public ConceptNameTag saveConceptNameTag(ConceptNameTag nameTag) {
                checkIfLocked();
                
                return dao.saveConceptNameTag(nameTag);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#conceptIterator()
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public Iterator<Concept> conceptIterator() {
                return dao.conceptIterator();
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptByUuid(java.lang.String)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public Concept getConceptByUuid(String uuid) {
                return dao.getConceptByUuid(uuid);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConcepts(ConceptSearchCriteria)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<Concept> getConcepts(ConceptSearchCriteria conceptSearchCriteria) {
                return dao.getConcepts(conceptSearchCriteria);
        }

        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptClassByUuid(java.lang.String)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public ConceptClass getConceptClassByUuid(String uuid) {
                return dao.getConceptClassByUuid(uuid);
        }
        
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public ConceptAnswer getConceptAnswerByUuid(String uuid) {
                return dao.getConceptAnswerByUuid(uuid);
        }
        
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public ConceptName getConceptNameByUuid(String uuid) {
                return dao.getConceptNameByUuid(uuid);
        }
        
        @Override
        public ConceptSet getConceptSetByUuid(String uuid) {
                return dao.getConceptSetByUuid(uuid);
        }
        
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public ConceptSource getConceptSourceByUuid(String uuid) {
                return dao.getConceptSourceByUuid(uuid);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptDatatypeByUuid(java.lang.String)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public ConceptDatatype getConceptDatatypeByUuid(String uuid) {
                return dao.getConceptDatatypeByUuid(uuid);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptNumericByUuid(java.lang.String)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public ConceptNumeric getConceptNumericByUuid(String uuid) {
                return dao.getConceptNumericByUuid(uuid);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptProposalByUuid(java.lang.String)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public ConceptProposal getConceptProposalByUuid(String uuid) {
                return dao.getConceptProposalByUuid(uuid);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getDrugByUuid(java.lang.String)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public Drug getDrugByUuid(String uuid) {
                return dao.getDrugByUuid(uuid);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getDrugIngredientByUuid(java.lang.String)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public DrugIngredient getDrugIngredientByUuid(String uuid) {
                return dao.getDrugIngredientByUuid(uuid);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptDescriptionByUuid(java.lang.String)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public ConceptDescription getConceptDescriptionByUuid(String uuid) {
                return dao.getConceptDescriptionByUuid(uuid);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptNameTagByUuid(java.lang.String)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public ConceptNameTag getConceptNameTagByUuid(String uuid) {
                return dao.getConceptNameTagByUuid(uuid);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getAllConceptNameTags()
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<ConceptNameTag> getAllConceptNameTags() {
                return dao.getAllConceptNameTags();
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptNameTag(java.lang.Integer)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public ConceptNameTag getConceptNameTag(Integer id) {
                return dao.getConceptNameTag(id);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptByMapping(java.lang.String, java.lang.String)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public Concept getConceptByMapping(String code, String sourceName) throws APIException {
                return Context.getConceptService().getConceptByMapping(code, sourceName, true);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptByMapping(java.lang.String, java.lang.String,
         *      java.lang.Boolean)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public Concept getConceptByMapping(String code, String sourceName, Boolean includeRetired) throws APIException {
                List<Concept> concepts = Context.getConceptService().getConceptsByMapping(code, sourceName, includeRetired);
                
                if (concepts.isEmpty()) {
                        return null;
                }
                // we want to throw an exception if there is more than one non-retired concept; 
                // since the getConceptByMapping DAO method returns a list with all non-retired concept
                // sorted to the front of the list, we can test if there is more than one retired concept
                // by testing if the second concept in the list is retired or not
                else if (concepts.size() > 1 && !concepts.get(1).getRetired()) {
                        throw new APIException("Concept.error.multiple.non.retired", new Object[] { code, sourceName });
                } else {
                        return concepts.get(0);
                }
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptsByMapping(java.lang.String, java.lang.String)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<Concept> getConceptsByMapping(String code, String sourceName) throws APIException {
                return Context.getConceptService().getConceptsByMapping(code, sourceName, true);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptsByMapping(java.lang.String, java.lang.String, boolean)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<Concept> getConceptsByMapping(String code, String sourceName, boolean includeRetired) throws APIException {
                List<Concept> concepts = new ArrayList<>();
                for (Integer conceptId : Context.getConceptService().getConceptIdsByMapping(code, sourceName, includeRetired)) {
                        concepts.add(getConcept(conceptId));
                }
                return concepts;
        }

        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptIdsByMapping(java.lang.String, java.lang.String, boolean)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        @Cacheable(value = CONCEPT_IDS_BY_MAPPING_CACHE_NAME)
        public List<Integer> getConceptIdsByMapping(String code, String sourceName, boolean includeRetired) throws APIException {
                return dao.getConceptIdsByMapping(code, sourceName, includeRetired);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getFalseConcept()
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public Concept getFalseConcept() {
                if (falseConcept == null) {
                        setBooleanConcepts();
                }
                
                return falseConcept;
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getTrueConcept()
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public Concept getTrueConcept() {
                if (trueConcept == null) {
                        setBooleanConcepts();
                }
                
                return trueConcept;
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getUnknownConcept()
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public Concept getUnknownConcept() {
                if (unknownConcept == null) {
                        try {
                                Concept unknownConcept = Context.getConceptService().getConcept(
                                        Integer.parseInt(Context.getAdministrationService().getGlobalProperty(
                                                OpenmrsConstants.GLOBAL_PROPERTY_UNKNOWN_CONCEPT)));
                                initializeLazyPropertiesForConcept(unknownConcept);
                                
                                ConceptServiceImpl.setStaticUnknownConcept(unknownConcept);
                        }
                        catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                                log.warn("Concept id for unknown concept should be a number");
                        }
                }
                
                return unknownConcept;
        }
        
        /**
         * Sets unknownConcept using static method
         *
         * @param currentUnknownConcept
         */
        private static void setStaticUnknownConcept(Concept currentUnknownConcept) {
                ConceptServiceImpl.unknownConcept = currentUnknownConcept;
        }
        
        /**
         * Sets the TRUE and FALSE concepts by reading their ids from the global_property table
         */
        private void setBooleanConcepts() {
                
                try {
                        trueConcept = Context.getConceptService().getConcept(
                            Integer.parseInt(Context.getAdministrationService().getGlobalProperty(
                                OpenmrsConstants.GLOBAL_PROPERTY_TRUE_CONCEPT)));
                        initializeLazyPropertiesForConcept(trueConcept);
                        
                        falseConcept = Context.getConceptService().getConcept(
                            Integer.parseInt(Context.getAdministrationService().getGlobalProperty(
                                OpenmrsConstants.GLOBAL_PROPERTY_FALSE_CONCEPT)));
                        initializeLazyPropertiesForConcept(falseConcept);
                }
                catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                        log.warn("Concept ids for boolean concepts should be numbers");
                }
        }

        private void initializeLazyPropertiesForConcept(Concept concept) {
                Hibernate.initialize(concept.getRetiredBy());
                Hibernate.initialize(concept.getCreator());
                Hibernate.initialize(concept.getChangedBy());
                Hibernate.initialize(concept.getNames());
                Hibernate.initialize(concept.getAnswers());
                Hibernate.initialize(concept.getConceptSets());
                Hibernate.initialize(concept.getDescriptions());
                Hibernate.initialize(concept.getConceptMappings());
                Hibernate.initialize(concept.getAttributes());
        }

        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptSourceByName(java.lang.String)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public ConceptSource getConceptSourceByName(String conceptSourceName) throws APIException {
                return dao.getConceptSourceByName(conceptSourceName);
        }

        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptSourceByUniqueId(java.lang.String)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public ConceptSource getConceptSourceByUniqueId(String uniqueId) throws APIException {
                if (uniqueId == null) {
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("uniqueId is required");
                }
                return dao.getConceptSourceByUniqueId(uniqueId);
        }

        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptSourceByHL7Code(java.lang.String)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public ConceptSource getConceptSourceByHL7Code(String hl7Code) throws APIException {
                if (hl7Code == null) {
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("hl7Code is required");
                }
                return dao.getConceptSourceByHL7Code(hl7Code);
        }

        /**
         * Utility method to check if the concept is already attached to an observation (including
         * voided ones) and if the datatype of the concept has changed, an exception indicating that the
         * datatype cannot be modified will be reported if the concept is attached to an observation.
         * This method will only allow changing boolean concepts to coded.
         * 
         * @param concept
         * @throws ConceptInUseException
         */
        private void checkIfDatatypeCanBeChanged(Concept concept) {
                if (concept.getId() != null && hasAnyObservation(concept) && hasDatatypeChanged(concept)) {
                        // allow boolean concepts to be converted to coded
                        if (!(dao.getSavedConceptDatatype(concept).isBoolean() && concept.getDatatype().isCoded())) {
                                throw new ConceptInUseException();
                        }
                        log.debug("Converting datatype of concept with id {} from Boolean to coded", concept.getConceptId());
                }
        }
        
        /**
         * Utility method which loads the previous version of a concept to check if the datatype has
         * changed.
         * 
         * @param concept to be modified
         * @return boolean indicating change in the datatype
         */
        private boolean hasDatatypeChanged(Concept concept) {
                ConceptDatatype oldConceptDatatype = dao.getSavedConceptDatatype(concept);
                return !oldConceptDatatype.equals(concept.getDatatype());
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#hasAnyObservation(org.openmrs.Concept)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public boolean hasAnyObservation(Concept concept) {
                List<Concept> concepts = new ArrayList<>();
                concepts.add(concept);
                Integer count = Context.getObsService().getObservationCount(null, null, concepts, null, null, null, null, null,
                    null, true);
                return count > 0;
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#convertBooleanConceptToCoded(org.openmrs.Concept)
         */
        @Override
        public void convertBooleanConceptToCoded(Concept conceptToChange) throws APIException {
                if (conceptToChange != null) {
                        if (!conceptToChange.getDatatype().isBoolean()) {
                                throw new APIException("Concept.datatype.invalid", (Object[]) null);
                        }
                        
                        conceptToChange.setDatatype(getConceptDatatypeByName("Coded"));
                        conceptToChange.addAnswer(new ConceptAnswer(getTrueConcept()));
                        conceptToChange.addAnswer(new ConceptAnswer(getFalseConcept()));
                        Context.getConceptService().saveConcept(conceptToChange);
                }
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#hasAnyObservation(org.openmrs.ConceptName)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public boolean hasAnyObservation(ConceptName conceptName) throws APIException {
                List<ConceptName> conceptNames = new ArrayList<>();
                conceptNames.add(conceptName);
                Integer count = Context.getObsService().getObservationCount(conceptNames, true);
                return count > 0;
        }
        
        /**
         * Utility method which loads the previous version of a conceptName to check if the name
         * property of the given conceptName has changed.
         * 
         * @param conceptName to be modified
         * @return boolean indicating change in the name property
         */
        private boolean hasNameChanged(ConceptName conceptName) {
                String newName = conceptName.getName();
                String oldName = dao.getSavedConceptName(conceptName).getName();
                return !oldName.equalsIgnoreCase(newName);
        }
        
        /**
         * Creates a copy of a conceptName
         * 
         * @param conceptName the conceptName to be cloned
         * @return the cloned conceptName
         */
        private ConceptName cloneConceptName(ConceptName conceptName) {
                ConceptName copy = new ConceptName();
                try {
                        copy = (ConceptName) BeanUtils.cloneBean(conceptName);
                }
                catch (IllegalAccessException | NoSuchMethodException | InvocationTargetException | InstantiationException e) {
                        
                        log.warn(ERROR_MESSAGE, e);
                }
                return copy;
        }
        
        /**
         * @see ConceptService#findConceptAnswers(String, Locale, Concept)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<ConceptSearchResult> findConceptAnswers(String phrase, Locale locale, Concept concept) throws APIException {

                return getConcepts(phrase, Collections.singletonList(locale), false, null, null, null, null,
                    concept, null, null);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptStopWords(java.util.Locale)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<String> getConceptStopWords(Locale locale) {
                return dao.getConceptStopWords(locale);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#saveConceptStopWord(org.openmrs.ConceptStopWord)
         */
        @Override
        public ConceptStopWord saveConceptStopWord(ConceptStopWord conceptStopWord) throws APIException {
                try {
                        return dao.saveConceptStopWord(conceptStopWord);
                }
                catch (DAOException e) {
                        if ("Duplicate ConceptStopWord Entry".equalsIgnoreCase(e.getMessage())) {
                                throw new ConceptStopWordException("ConceptStopWord.duplicated", e);
                        }
                        throw new ConceptStopWordException("ConceptStopWord.notSaved", e);
                }
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#deleteConceptStopWord(Integer)
         */
        @Override
        public void deleteConceptStopWord(Integer conceptStopWordId) throws APIException {
                try {
                        dao.deleteConceptStopWord(conceptStopWordId);
                }
                catch (DAOException e) {
                        if (StringUtils.contains(e.getMessage(), "Concept Stop Word not found or already deleted")) {
                                throw new ConceptStopWordException("ConceptStopWord.error.notfound", e);
                        }
                        throw new ConceptStopWordException("general.cannot.delete", e);
                }
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getAllConceptStopWords()
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<ConceptStopWord> getAllConceptStopWords() {
                return dao.getAllConceptStopWords();
        }
        
        /**
         * @see ConceptService#getConcepts(String, List, boolean, List, List, List, List, Concept,
         *      Integer, Integer)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<ConceptSearchResult> getConcepts(String phrase, List<Locale> locales, boolean includeRetired,
                List<ConceptClass> requireClasses, List<ConceptClass> excludeClasses, List<ConceptDatatype> requireDatatypes,
                List<ConceptDatatype> excludeDatatypes, Concept answersToConcept, Integer start, Integer size)
                throws APIException {

                List<ConceptClass> tmpRequireClasses = requireClasses == null ? new ArrayList<>() : requireClasses;
                List<ConceptClass> tmpExcludeClasses = excludeClasses == null ? new ArrayList<>() : excludeClasses;
                List<ConceptDatatype> tmpRequireDatatypes = requireDatatypes == null ? new ArrayList<>() : requireDatatypes;
                List<ConceptDatatype> tmpExcludeDatatypes = excludeDatatypes == null ? new ArrayList<>() : excludeDatatypes;
                
                return dao.getConcepts(phrase, locales, includeRetired, tmpRequireClasses, tmpExcludeClasses, tmpRequireDatatypes,
                    tmpExcludeDatatypes, answersToConcept, start, size);
                
        }
        
        /**
         * @see ConceptService#updateConceptIndex(Concept)
         */
        @Override
        public void updateConceptIndex(Concept concept) throws APIException {
                Context.updateSearchIndexForObject(concept);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see ConceptService#updateConceptIndexes()
         */
        @Override
        @CacheEvict(value = CONCEPT_IDS_BY_MAPPING_CACHE_NAME, allEntries = true)
        public void updateConceptIndexes() throws APIException {
                Context.updateSearchIndexForType(ConceptName.class);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see ConceptService#getCountOfConcepts(String, List, boolean, List, List, List, List,
         *      Concept)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public Integer getCountOfConcepts(String phrase, List<Locale> locales, boolean includeRetired,
                List<ConceptClass> requireClasses, List<ConceptClass> excludeClasses, List<ConceptDatatype> requireDatatypes,
                List<ConceptDatatype> excludeDatatypes, Concept answersToConcept) {

                List<ConceptClass> tmpRequireClasses = requireClasses == null ? new ArrayList<>() : requireClasses;
                List<ConceptClass> tmpExcludeClasses = excludeClasses == null ? new ArrayList<>() : excludeClasses;
                List<ConceptDatatype> tmpRequireDatatypes = requireDatatypes == null ? new ArrayList<>() : requireDatatypes;
                List<ConceptDatatype> tmpExcludeDatatypes = excludeDatatypes == null ? new ArrayList<>() : excludeDatatypes;
                
                return dao.getCountOfConcepts(phrase, locales, includeRetired, tmpRequireClasses, tmpExcludeClasses, tmpRequireDatatypes,
                    tmpExcludeDatatypes, answersToConcept);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see ConceptService#getCountOfDrugs(String, Concept, boolean, boolean, boolean)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public Integer getCountOfDrugs(String drugName, Concept concept, boolean searchOnPhrase, boolean searchDrugConceptNames,
                boolean includeRetired) throws APIException {
                return OpenmrsUtil.convertToInteger(dao.getCountOfDrugs(drugName, concept, searchOnPhrase, searchDrugConceptNames,
                    includeRetired));
        }
        
        /**
         * @see ConceptService#getDrugs(String, Concept, boolean, boolean, boolean, Integer, Integer)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<Drug> getDrugs(String drugName, Concept concept, boolean searchOnPhrase, boolean searchDrugConceptNames,
                boolean includeRetired, Integer start, Integer length) throws APIException {
                return dao.getDrugs(drugName, concept, searchOnPhrase, searchDrugConceptNames, includeRetired, start, length);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see ConceptService#getConcepts(String, Locale, boolean)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<ConceptSearchResult> getConcepts(String phrase, Locale locale, boolean includeRetired) throws APIException {
                List<Locale> locales = new ArrayList<>();
                if (locale != null) {
                        locales.add(locale);
                }
                
                return Context.getConceptService().getConcepts(phrase, locales, includeRetired, null, null, null, null, null, null,
                    null);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getDrugsByIngredient(org.openmrs.Concept)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<Drug> getDrugsByIngredient(Concept ingredient) throws APIException {
                if (ingredient == null) {
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("ingredient is required");
                }
                
                return dao.getDrugsByIngredient(ingredient);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see ConceptService#getConceptMappingsToSource(ConceptSource)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<ConceptMap> getConceptMappingsToSource(ConceptSource conceptSource) throws APIException {
                return dao.getConceptMapsBySource(conceptSource);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see ConceptService#getActiveConceptMapTypes()
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<ConceptMapType> getActiveConceptMapTypes() throws APIException {
                return Context.getConceptService().getConceptMapTypes(true, false);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see ConceptService#getConceptMapTypes(boolean, boolean)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<ConceptMapType> getConceptMapTypes(boolean includeRetired, boolean includeHidden) throws APIException {
                return dao.getConceptMapTypes(includeRetired, includeHidden);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see ConceptService#getConceptMapType(Integer)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public ConceptMapType getConceptMapType(Integer conceptMapTypeId) throws APIException {
                return dao.getConceptMapType(conceptMapTypeId);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see ConceptService#getConceptMapTypeByUuid(String)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public ConceptMapType getConceptMapTypeByUuid(String uuid) throws APIException {
                return dao.getConceptMapTypeByUuid(uuid);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptMapTypeByName(java.lang.String)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public ConceptMapType getConceptMapTypeByName(String name) throws APIException {
                return dao.getConceptMapTypeByName(name);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#saveConceptMapType(org.openmrs.ConceptMapType)
         */
        @Override
        public ConceptMapType saveConceptMapType(ConceptMapType conceptMapType) throws APIException {
                return dao.saveConceptMapType(conceptMapType);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#retireConceptMapType(org.openmrs.ConceptMapType,
         *      java.lang.String)
         */
        @Override
        public ConceptMapType retireConceptMapType(ConceptMapType conceptMapType, String retireReason) throws APIException {
                String tmpRetireReason = retireReason;
                if (StringUtils.isBlank(tmpRetireReason)) {
                        tmpRetireReason = Context.getMessageSourceService().getMessage("general.default.retireReason");
                }
                conceptMapType.setRetireReason(tmpRetireReason);
                return dao.saveConceptMapType(conceptMapType);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#unretireConceptMapType(org.openmrs.ConceptMapType)
         */
        @Override
        public ConceptMapType unretireConceptMapType(ConceptMapType conceptMapType) throws APIException {
                return Context.getConceptService().saveConceptMapType(conceptMapType);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#purgeConceptMapType(org.openmrs.ConceptMapType)
         */
        @Override
        public void purgeConceptMapType(ConceptMapType conceptMapType) throws APIException {
                if (dao.isConceptMapTypeInUse(conceptMapType)) {
                        throw new APIException("ConceptMapType.inUse", (Object[]) null);
                }
                dao.deleteConceptMapType(conceptMapType);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getAllConceptReferenceTerms()
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<ConceptReferenceTerm> getAllConceptReferenceTerms() throws APIException {
                return Context.getConceptService().getConceptReferenceTerms(true);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see ConceptService#getConceptReferenceTerms(boolean)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<ConceptReferenceTerm> getConceptReferenceTerms(boolean includeRetired) throws APIException {
                return dao.getConceptReferenceTerms(includeRetired);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptReferenceTerm(java.lang.Integer)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public ConceptReferenceTerm getConceptReferenceTerm(Integer conceptReferenceTermId) throws APIException {
                return dao.getConceptReferenceTerm(conceptReferenceTermId);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptReferenceTermByUuid(java.lang.String)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public ConceptReferenceTerm getConceptReferenceTermByUuid(String uuid) throws APIException {
                return dao.getConceptReferenceTermByUuid(uuid);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptReferenceTermByName(java.lang.String,
         *      org.openmrs.ConceptSource)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public ConceptReferenceTerm getConceptReferenceTermByName(String name, ConceptSource conceptSource) throws APIException {
                //On addition of extra attributes to concept maps, terms that were generated from existing maps have 
                //empty string values for the name property, ignore the search when name is an empty string but allow 
                //white space characters
                if (StringUtils.isBlank(name)) {
                        return null;
                }
                return dao.getConceptReferenceTermByName(name, conceptSource);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptReferenceTermByCode(java.lang.String,
         *      org.openmrs.ConceptSource)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public ConceptReferenceTerm getConceptReferenceTermByCode(String code, ConceptSource conceptSource) throws APIException {
                return dao.getConceptReferenceTermByCode(code, conceptSource);
        }

        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<ConceptReferenceTerm> getConceptReferenceTermByCode(String code, ConceptSource conceptSource, boolean includeRetired) throws APIException {
                return dao.getConceptReferenceTermByCode(code, conceptSource, includeRetired);
        }

        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#saveConceptReferenceTerm(org.openmrs.ConceptReferenceTerm)
         */
        @Override
        @CacheEvict(value = CONCEPT_IDS_BY_MAPPING_CACHE_NAME, allEntries = true)
        public ConceptReferenceTerm saveConceptReferenceTerm(ConceptReferenceTerm conceptReferenceTerm) throws APIException {
                return dao.saveConceptReferenceTerm(conceptReferenceTerm);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#retireConceptReferenceTerm(ConceptReferenceTerm, String)
         */
        @Override
        public ConceptReferenceTerm retireConceptReferenceTerm(ConceptReferenceTerm conceptReferenceTerm, String retireReason)
                throws APIException {
                String tmpRetireReason = retireReason;
                if (StringUtils.isBlank(tmpRetireReason)) {
                        tmpRetireReason = Context.getMessageSourceService().getMessage("general.default.retireReason");
                }
                conceptReferenceTerm.setRetireReason(tmpRetireReason);
                return Context.getConceptService().saveConceptReferenceTerm(conceptReferenceTerm);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#unretireConceptReferenceTerm(org.openmrs.ConceptReferenceTerm)
         */
        @Override
        public ConceptReferenceTerm unretireConceptReferenceTerm(ConceptReferenceTerm conceptReferenceTerm) throws APIException {
                return Context.getConceptService().saveConceptReferenceTerm(conceptReferenceTerm);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#purgeConceptReferenceTerm(org.openmrs.ConceptReferenceTerm)
         */
        @Override
        @CacheEvict(value = CONCEPT_IDS_BY_MAPPING_CACHE_NAME, allEntries = true)
        public void purgeConceptReferenceTerm(ConceptReferenceTerm conceptReferenceTerm) throws APIException {
                if (dao.isConceptReferenceTermInUse(conceptReferenceTerm)) {
                        throw new APIException("ConceptRefereceTerm.inUse", (Object[]) null);
                }
                dao.deleteConceptReferenceTerm(conceptReferenceTerm);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptReferenceTerms(java.lang.String,
         *      org.openmrs.ConceptSource, java.lang.Integer, java.lang.Integer, boolean)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<ConceptReferenceTerm> getConceptReferenceTerms(String query, ConceptSource conceptSource, Integer start,
                Integer length, boolean includeRetired) throws APIException {
                Integer tmpLength = length;
                if (tmpLength == null) {
                        tmpLength = 10000;
                }
                return dao.getConceptReferenceTerms(query, conceptSource, start, tmpLength, includeRetired);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getCountOfConceptReferenceTerms(String, ConceptSource,
         *      boolean)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public Integer getCountOfConceptReferenceTerms(String query, ConceptSource conceptSource, boolean includeRetired) {
                return OpenmrsUtil.convertToInteger(dao.getCountOfConceptReferenceTerms(query, conceptSource, includeRetired));
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getReferenceTermMappingsTo(ConceptReferenceTerm)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<ConceptReferenceTermMap> getReferenceTermMappingsTo(ConceptReferenceTerm term) throws APIException {
                return dao.getReferenceTermMappingsTo(term);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptsByName(java.lang.String, java.util.Locale,
         *      java.lang.Boolean)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<Concept> getConceptsByName(String name, Locale locale, Boolean exactLocale) throws APIException {
                return dao.getConceptsByName(name, locale, exactLocale);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getDefaultConceptMapType()
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public ConceptMapType getDefaultConceptMapType() throws APIException {
                //We need to fetch it in DAO since it must be done in the MANUAL fush mode to prevent pre-mature flushes.
                return dao.getDefaultConceptMapType();
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#isConceptNameDuplicate(org.openmrs.ConceptName)
         */
        @Override
        public boolean isConceptNameDuplicate(ConceptName name) {
                return dao.isConceptNameDuplicate(name);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see ConceptService#getDrugs(String, java.util.Locale, boolean, boolean)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<Drug> getDrugs(String searchPhrase, Locale locale, boolean exactLocale, boolean includeRetired)
                throws APIException {
                if (searchPhrase == null) {
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("searchPhrase is required");
                }
                return dao.getDrugs(searchPhrase, locale, exactLocale, includeRetired);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getDrugsByMapping(String, ConceptSource, Collection,
         *      boolean)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<Drug> getDrugsByMapping(String code, ConceptSource conceptSource,
                Collection<ConceptMapType> withAnyOfTheseTypes, boolean includeRetired) throws APIException {
                Collection<ConceptMapType> tmpWithAnyOfTheseTypes = withAnyOfTheseTypes == null ? Collections.emptyList() : withAnyOfTheseTypes;

                if (conceptSource == null) {
                        throw new APIException("ConceptSource.is.required", (Object[]) null);
                }

                return dao.getDrugsByMapping(code, conceptSource, tmpWithAnyOfTheseTypes, includeRetired);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getDrugByMapping(String, org.openmrs.ConceptSource, java.util.Collection)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public Drug getDrugByMapping(String code, ConceptSource conceptSource,
                Collection<ConceptMapType> withAnyOfTheseTypesOrOrderOfPreference) throws APIException {
                Collection<ConceptMapType> tmpWithAnyOfTheseTypesOrOrderOfPreference = withAnyOfTheseTypesOrOrderOfPreference == null
                                ? Collections.emptyList() : withAnyOfTheseTypesOrOrderOfPreference;

                if (conceptSource == null) {
                        throw new APIException("ConceptSource.is.required", (Object[]) null);
                }

                return dao.getDrugByMapping(code, conceptSource, tmpWithAnyOfTheseTypesOrOrderOfPreference);
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getOrderableConcepts(String, java.util.List, boolean,
         *      Integer, Integer)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<ConceptSearchResult> getOrderableConcepts(String phrase, List<Locale> locales, boolean includeRetired,
                Integer start, Integer length) {
                List<ConceptClass> mappedClasses = getConceptClassesOfOrderTypes();
                if (mappedClasses.isEmpty()) {
                        return Collections.emptyList();
                }
                List<Locale> tmpLocales = locales;
                if (tmpLocales == null) {
                        tmpLocales = new ArrayList<>();
                        tmpLocales.add(Context.getLocale());
                }
                return dao.getConcepts(phrase, tmpLocales, false, mappedClasses, Collections.emptyList(), Collections.emptyList(),
                    Collections.emptyList(), null, start, length);
        }

        /**
         * @see ConceptService#getAllConceptAttributeTypes()
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<ConceptAttributeType> getAllConceptAttributeTypes() {
                return dao.getAllConceptAttributeTypes();
        }

        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#saveConceptAttributeType(ConceptAttributeType)
         */
        @Override
        public ConceptAttributeType saveConceptAttributeType(ConceptAttributeType conceptAttributeType) {
                return dao.saveConceptAttributeType(conceptAttributeType);
        }

        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptAttributeType(Integer)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public ConceptAttributeType getConceptAttributeType(Integer id) {
                return dao.getConceptAttributeType(id);
        }

        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptAttributeTypeByUuid(String)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public ConceptAttributeType getConceptAttributeTypeByUuid(String uuid) {
                return dao.getConceptAttributeTypeByUuid(uuid);
        }

        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#purgeConceptAttributeType(ConceptAttributeType)
         */
        @Override
        public void purgeConceptAttributeType(ConceptAttributeType conceptAttributeType) {
                dao.deleteConceptAttributeType(conceptAttributeType);

        }

        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptAttributeTypes(String)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<ConceptAttributeType> getConceptAttributeTypes(String name) throws APIException {
                return dao.getConceptAttributeTypes(name);
        }

        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptAttributeTypeByName(String)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public ConceptAttributeType getConceptAttributeTypeByName(String exactName) {
                return dao.getConceptAttributeTypeByName(exactName);
        }

        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#retireConceptAttributeType(ConceptAttributeType, String)
         */
        @Override
        public ConceptAttributeType retireConceptAttributeType(ConceptAttributeType conceptAttributeType, String reason) {
                return dao.saveConceptAttributeType(conceptAttributeType);
        }

        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#unretireConceptAttributeType(ConceptAttributeType)
         */
        @Override
        public ConceptAttributeType unretireConceptAttributeType(ConceptAttributeType conceptAttributeType) {
                return Context.getConceptService().saveConceptAttributeType(conceptAttributeType);
        }

        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#getConceptAttributeByUuid(String)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public ConceptAttribute getConceptAttributeByUuid(String uuid) {
                return dao.getConceptAttributeByUuid(uuid);
        }

        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#hasAnyConceptAttribute(ConceptAttributeType)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public boolean hasAnyConceptAttribute(ConceptAttributeType conceptAttributeType) {
                return dao.getConceptAttributeCount(conceptAttributeType) > 0;
        }

        /**
         * @see ConceptService#saveConceptReferenceRange(ConceptReferenceRange)
         */
        @Override
        public ConceptReferenceRange saveConceptReferenceRange(ConceptReferenceRange conceptReferenceRange) {
                return dao.saveConceptReferenceRange(conceptReferenceRange);
        }

        /**
         * @see ConceptService#getConceptReferenceRangesByConceptId(Integer)
         */
        @Override
        @Transactional(readOnly = true)
        public List<ConceptReferenceRange> getConceptReferenceRangesByConceptId(Integer conceptId) {
                return dao.getConceptReferenceRangesByConceptId(conceptId);
        }

        @Override
        public ConceptReferenceRange getConceptReferenceRangeByUuid(String uuid) {
                return dao.getConceptReferenceRangeByUuid(uuid);
        }
        
        @Override
        public ConceptReferenceRange getConceptReferenceRange(Person person, Concept concept) {
                if (person == null || concept == null) {
                        return null;
                }
                return Context.getConceptService().getConceptReferenceRange(
                        new ConceptReferenceRangeContext(person, concept, null));
        }

        @Override
        public ConceptReferenceRange getConceptReferenceRange(ConceptReferenceRangeContext context) {
                if (context == null) {
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("ConceptReferenceRangeContext must not be null");
                }

                Concept concept = HibernateUtil.getRealObjectFromProxy(context.getConcept());
                if (!(concept instanceof ConceptNumeric) || concept.getDatatype() == null || !concept.getDatatype().isNumeric()) {
                        return null;
                }
                ConceptNumeric conceptNumeric = (ConceptNumeric) concept;

                List<ConceptReferenceRange> referenceRanges =
                        Context.getConceptService().getConceptReferenceRangesByConceptId(concept.getConceptId());

                if (referenceRanges.isEmpty()) {
                        return getDefaultReferenceRange(conceptNumeric);
                }

                ConceptReferenceRangeUtility referenceRangeUtility = new ConceptReferenceRangeUtility();
                List<ConceptReferenceRange> validRanges = new ArrayList<>();

                for (ConceptReferenceRange referenceRange : referenceRanges) {
                        if (referenceRangeUtility.evaluateCriteria(
                                        StringEscapeUtils.unescapeHtml4(referenceRange.getCriteria()), context)) {
                                validRanges.add(referenceRange);
                        }
                }

                if (validRanges.isEmpty()) {
                        ConceptReferenceRange defaultReferenceRange = getDefaultReferenceRange(conceptNumeric);
                        if (defaultReferenceRange != null) {
                                return defaultReferenceRange;
                        }
                        return null;
                }

                return findStrictestReferenceRange(validRanges);
        }

        /**
         * Returns a reference range derived from the ConceptNumeric's own range fields.
         * Used as a fallback when no ConceptReferenceRange records exist or match.
         */
        private static ConceptReferenceRange getDefaultReferenceRange(ConceptNumeric conceptNumeric) {
                if (conceptNumeric == null || (
                        conceptNumeric.getHiAbsolute() == null &&
                        conceptNumeric.getHiCritical() == null &&
                        conceptNumeric.getHiNormal() == null &&
                        conceptNumeric.getLowAbsolute() == null &&
                        conceptNumeric.getLowCritical() == null &&
                        conceptNumeric.getLowNormal() == null
                )) {
                        return null;
                }

                ConceptReferenceRange defaultReferenceRange = new ConceptReferenceRange();
                defaultReferenceRange.setConceptNumeric(conceptNumeric);
                defaultReferenceRange.setHiAbsolute(conceptNumeric.getHiAbsolute());
                defaultReferenceRange.setHiCritical(conceptNumeric.getHiCritical());
                defaultReferenceRange.setHiNormal(conceptNumeric.getHiNormal());
                defaultReferenceRange.setLowAbsolute(conceptNumeric.getLowAbsolute());
                defaultReferenceRange.setLowCritical(conceptNumeric.getLowCritical());
                defaultReferenceRange.setLowNormal(conceptNumeric.getLowNormal());
                return defaultReferenceRange;
        }

        /**
         * Combines multiple matching reference ranges into one by selecting the strictest bound for
         * each limit. For low bounds, the highest value is strictest; for high bounds, the lowest.
         * For example, ranges 80-150 and 60-140 combine to 80-140.
         */
        private static ConceptReferenceRange findStrictestReferenceRange(List<ConceptReferenceRange> conceptReferenceRanges) {
                if (conceptReferenceRanges.size() == 1) {
                        return conceptReferenceRanges.get(0);
                }

                ConceptReferenceRange strictestRange = new ConceptReferenceRange();
                strictestRange.setConceptNumeric(conceptReferenceRanges.get(0).getConceptNumeric());

                for (ConceptReferenceRange conceptReferenceRange : conceptReferenceRanges) {
                        if (conceptReferenceRange.getLowAbsolute() != null &&
                                        (strictestRange.getLowAbsolute() == null || strictestRange.getLowAbsolute() < conceptReferenceRange.getLowAbsolute())) {
                                strictestRange.setLowAbsolute(conceptReferenceRange.getLowAbsolute());
                        }

                        if (conceptReferenceRange.getLowCritical() != null &&
                                        (strictestRange.getLowCritical() == null || strictestRange.getLowCritical() < conceptReferenceRange.getLowCritical())) {
                                strictestRange.setLowCritical(conceptReferenceRange.getLowCritical());
                        }

                        if (conceptReferenceRange.getLowNormal() != null &&
                                        (strictestRange.getLowNormal() == null || strictestRange.getLowNormal() < conceptReferenceRange.getLowNormal())) {
                                strictestRange.setLowNormal(conceptReferenceRange.getLowNormal());
                        }

                        if (conceptReferenceRange.getHiNormal() != null &&
                                        (strictestRange.getHiNormal() == null || strictestRange.getHiNormal() > conceptReferenceRange.getHiNormal())) {
                                strictestRange.setHiNormal(conceptReferenceRange.getHiNormal());
                        }

                        if (conceptReferenceRange.getHiCritical() != null &&
                                        (strictestRange.getHiCritical() == null || strictestRange.getHiCritical() > conceptReferenceRange.getHiCritical())) {
                                strictestRange.setHiCritical(conceptReferenceRange.getHiCritical());
                        }

                        if (conceptReferenceRange.getHiAbsolute() != null &&
                                        (strictestRange.getHiAbsolute() == null || strictestRange.getHiAbsolute() > conceptReferenceRange.getHiAbsolute())) {
                                strictestRange.setHiAbsolute(conceptReferenceRange.getHiAbsolute());
                        }
                }

                return strictestRange;
        }

        private List<ConceptClass> getConceptClassesOfOrderTypes() {
                List<ConceptClass> mappedClasses = new ArrayList<>();
                AdministrationService administrationService = Context.getAdministrationService();
                List<List<Object>> result = administrationService.executeSQL(
                    "SELECT DISTINCT concept_class_id FROM order_type_class_map", true);
                for (List<Object> temp : result) {
                        for (Object value : temp) {
                                if (value != null) {
                                        mappedClasses.add(this.getConceptClass((Integer) value));
                                }
                        }
                }
                return mappedClasses;
        }
        
        /**
         * @see org.openmrs.api.ConceptService#purgeConceptReferenceRange(ConceptReferenceRange)
         */
        @Override
        public void purgeConceptReferenceRange(ConceptReferenceRange conceptReferenceRange) {
                checkIfLocked();
                dao.purgeConceptReferenceRange(conceptReferenceRange);
        }
}

openmrs / openmrs-core / 29433712829

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