28042938174

Committed 23 Jun 2026 05:02PM UTC coverage: 92.464% (-0.6%) from 93.027%

Build # 28042938174

Build Type

push

github

Committed by

web-flow

Commit Message

It is possible for a client to say that it wishes to use the "sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com" algorithm for SSH user publickey authentication, but to _actually_ provide an "ssh-ed25519" public key.

The issue is that, when verifying the type of the public key provided by the client, we do not enforce that the provided key algorith matches the expected public key algorithm.

Thanks to Fabian Wahle of Hap Security for reporting this issue.

Coverage Stats

48661 of 52627 relevant lines covered (92.46%)

234.31 hits per line

Source File
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99.12

/src/error.c

/*
 * ProFTPD - FTP server daemon
 * Copyright (c) 2016-2026 The ProFTPD Project team
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 *
 * As a special exemption, The ProFTPD Project team and other respective
 * copyright holders give permission to link this program with OpenSSL, and
 * distribute the resulting executable, without including the source code for
 * OpenSSL in the source distribution.
 */

/* Error API */

#include "error.h"
#include "proftpd.h"
#include "str.h"
#include "support.h"
#include "session.h"
#include "trace.h"

#define PR_ERROR_BUFSZ                32

struct err_rec {
  pool *err_pool;

  /* Actual errno value, or -1 if unknown */
  int err_errno;

  /* String of errno name, e.g. "EINVAL" */
  const char *err_name;

  /* strerror(3) value, or NULL if unknown. */
  const char *err_desc;

  /* Module where the error occurred, if known. */
  module *err_module;

  /* File location of the error, e.g. __FILE__. */
  const char *err_file;

  /* Line number in file of the error, e.g. __LINE__. */
  unsigned int err_lineno;

  /* Process identity at time of error. */
  const char *err_user;
  uid_t err_uid;
  gid_t err_gid;

  /* Components for use in a more detailed error message:
   *
   * goal (the why)
   * operation (the what)
   */
  const char *err_goal;
  const char *err_oper;
  const char *err_args;
  const char *err_explained;
};

static unsigned int error_details = PR_ERROR_DETAILS_DEFAULT;
static unsigned int error_formats = PR_ERROR_FORMAT_DEFAULT;

struct err_explainer {
  struct err_explainer *next, *prev;

  module *m;
  const char *name;
  pr_error_explainer_t *explainer;
};

/* List of registered explainers. */
static struct err_explainer *error_explainers = NULL;

/* Currently selected explainers. */
static struct err_explainer *error_explainer = NULL;

struct errno_info {
  int error_number;
  const char *name;
};

static struct errno_info errno_names[] = {
#ifdef E2BIG
  { E2BIG, "E2BIG" },
#endif /* E2BIG */
#ifdef EACCES
  { EACCES, "EACCES" },
#endif /* EACCES */
#ifdef EADDRINUSE
  { EADDRINUSE, "EADDRINUSE" },
#endif /* EADDRINUSE */
#ifdef EADDRNOTAVAIL
  { EADDRNOTAVAIL, "EADDRNOTAVAIL" },
#endif /* EADDRNOTAVAIL */
#ifdef EAFNOSUPPORT
  { EAFNOSUPPORT, "EAFNOSUPPORT" },
#endif /* EAFNOSUPPORT */
#ifdef EAGAIN
  { EAGAIN, "EAGAIN" },
#endif /* EAGAIN */
#ifdef EALREADY
  { EALREADY, "EALREADY" },
#endif /* EALREADY */
#ifdef EBADF
  { EBADF, "EBADF" },
#endif /* EBADF */
#ifdef EBADFD
  { EBADFD, "EBADFD" },
#endif /* EBADFD */
#ifdef EBUSY
  { EBUSY, "EBUSY" },
#endif /* EBUSY */
#ifdef ECANCELED
  { ECANCELED, "ECANCELED" },
#endif /* ECANCELED */
#ifdef ECOMM
  { ECOMM, "ECOMM" },
#endif /* ECOMM */
#ifdef ECONNABORTED
  { ECONNABORTED, "ECONNABORTED" },
#endif /* ECONNABORTED */
#ifdef ECONNREFUSED
  { ECONNREFUSED, "ECONNREFUSED" },
#endif /* ECONNREFUSED */
#ifdef ECONNRESET
  { ECONNRESET, "ECONNRESET" },
#endif /* ECONNRESET */
#ifdef EDEADLK
  { EDEADLK, "EDEADLK" },
#endif /* EDEADLK */
#ifdef EDEADLOCK
  { EDEADLOCK, "EDEADLOCK" },
#endif /* EDEADLOCK */
#ifdef EDQUOT
  { EDQUOT, "EDQUOT" },
#endif /* EDQUOT */
#ifdef EEXIST
  { EEXIST, "EEXIST" },
#endif /* EEXIST */
#ifdef EFAULT
  { EFAULT, "EFAULT" },
#endif /* EFAULT */
#ifdef EFBIG
  { EFBIG, "EFBIG" },
#endif /* EFBIG */
#ifdef EHOSTDOWN
  { EHOSTDOWN, "EHOSTDOWN" },
#endif /* EHOSTDOWN */
#ifdef EHOSTUNREACH
  { EHOSTUNREACH, "EHOSTUNREACH" },
#endif /* EHOSTUNREACH */
#ifdef EILSEQ
  { EILSEQ, "EILSEQ" },
#endif /* EILSEQ */
#ifdef EINPROGRESS
  { EINPROGRESS, "EINPROGRESS" },
#endif /* EINPROGRESS */
#ifdef EINTR
  { EINTR, "EINTR" },
#endif /* EINTR */
#ifdef EINVAL
  { EINVAL, "EINVAL" },
#endif /* EINVAL */
#ifdef EISCONN
  { EISCONN, "EISCONN" },
#endif /* EISCONN */
#ifdef EISDIR
  { EISDIR, "EISDIR" },
#endif /* EISDIR */
#ifdef EIO
  { EIO, "EIO" },
#endif /* EIO */
#ifdef ELOOP
  { ELOOP, "ELOOP" },
#endif /* ELOOP */
#ifdef EMFILE
  { EMFILE, "EMFILE" },
#endif /* EMFILE */
#ifdef EMLINK
  { EMLINK, "EMLINK" },
#endif /* EMLINK */
#ifdef EMSGSIZE
  { EMSGSIZE, "EMSGSIZE" },
#endif /* EMSGSIZE */
#ifdef ENAMETOOLONG
  { ENAMETOOLONG, "ENAMETOOLONG" },
#endif /* ENAMETOOLONG */
#ifdef ENFILE
  { ENFILE, "ENFILE" },
#endif /* ENFILE */
#ifdef ENETDOWN
  { ENETDOWN, "ENETDOWN" },
#endif /* ENETDOWN */
#ifdef ENETRESET
  { ENETRESET, "ENETRESET" },
#endif /* ENETRESET */
#ifdef ENETUNREACH
  { ENETUNREACH, "ENETUNREACH" },
#endif /* ENETUNREACH */
#ifdef ENOBUFS
  { ENOBUFS, "ENOBUFS" },
#endif /* ENOBUFS */
#ifdef ENODATA
  { ENODATA, "ENODATA" },
#endif /* ENODATA */
#ifdef ENOATTR
  { ENOATTR, "ENOATTR" },
#endif /* ENOATTR */
#ifdef ENOLCK
  { ENOLCK, "ENOLCK" },
#endif /* ENOLCK */
#ifdef ENOLINK
  { ENOLINK, "ENOLINK" },
#endif /* ENOLINK */
#ifdef ENOMEDIUM
  { ENOMEDIUM, "ENOMEDIUM" },
#endif /* ENOMEDIUM */
#ifdef ENOMEM
  { ENOMEM, "ENOMEM" },
#endif /* ENOMEM */
#ifdef ENONET
  { ENONET, "ENONET" },
#endif /* ENONET */
#ifdef ENOTCONN
  { ENOTCONN, "ENOTCONN" },
#endif /* ENOTSCONN */
#ifdef ENOTEMPTY
  { ENOTEMPTY, "ENOTEMPTY" },
#endif /* ENOTEMPTY */
#ifdef ENOSPC
  { ENOSPC, "ENOSPC" },
#endif /* ENOSPC */
#ifdef ENOSYS
  { ENOSYS, "ENOSYS" },
#endif /* ENOSYS */
#ifdef ENXIO
  { ENXIO, "ENXIO" },
#endif /* ENXIO */
#ifdef ENOENT
  { ENOENT, "ENOENT" },
#endif /* ENOENT */
#ifdef ENOTDIR
  { ENOTDIR, "ENOTDIR" },
#endif /* ENOTDIR */
#ifdef ENOTSOCK
  { ENOTSOCK, "ENOTSOCK" },
#endif /* ENOTSOCK */
#ifdef ENOTSUP
  { ENOTSUP, "ENOTSUP" },
#endif /* ENOTSUP */
#ifdef EOPNOTSUPP
  { EOPNOTSUPP, "EOPNOTSUPP" },
#endif /* EOPNOTSUPP */
#ifdef EPERM
  { EPERM, "EPERM" },
#endif /* EPERM */
#ifdef EPFNOSUPPORT
  { EPFNOSUPPORT, "EPFNOSUPPORT" },
#endif /* EPFNOSUPPORT */
#ifdef EPIPE
  { EPIPE, "EPIPE" },
#endif /* EPIPE */
#ifdef EPROTO
  { EPROTO, "EPROTO" },
#endif /* EPROTO */
#ifdef EPROTONOSUPPORT
  { EPROTONOSUPPORT, "EPROTONOSUPPORT" },
#endif /* EPROTONOSUPPORT */
#ifdef EPROTOOPT
  { EPROTOOPT, "EPROTOOPT" },
#endif /* EPROTOOPT */
#ifdef EPROTOTYPE
  { EPROTOTYPE, "EPROTOTYPE" },
#endif /* EPROTOTYPE */
#ifdef ERANGE
  { ERANGE, "ERANGE" },
#endif /* ERANGE */
#ifdef EROFS
  { EROFS, "EROFS" },
#endif /* EROFS */
#ifdef ESHUTDOWN
  { ESHUTDOWN, "ESHUTDOWN" },
#endif /* ESHUTDOWN */
#ifdef ESPIPE
  { ESPIPE, "ESPIPE" },
#endif /* ESPIPE */
#ifdef ERESTART
  { ERESTART, "ERESTART" },
#endif /* ERESTART */
#ifdef ESRCH
  { ESRCH, "ESRCH" },
#endif /* ESRCH */
#ifdef ESTALE
  { ESTALE, "ESTALE" },
#endif /* ESTALE */
#ifdef ETIMEDOUT
  { ETIMEDOUT, "ETIMEDOUT" },
#endif /* ETIMEDOUT */
#ifdef ETXTBSY
  { ETXTBSY, "ETXTBSY" },
#endif /* ETXTBSY */
#ifdef EWOULDBLOCK
  { EWOULDBLOCK, "EWOULDBLOCK" },
#endif /* EWOULDBLOCK */
#ifdef EXDEV
  { EXDEV, "EXDEV" },
#endif /* EXDEV */

  { -1, NULL }
};

static const char *trace_channel = "error";

pr_error_t *pr_error_create(pool *p, int xerrno) {
  pr_error_t *err;
  pool *err_pool;

  /* Known errno values are not negative.  Right? */

  if (p == NULL ||
      xerrno < 0) {
    errno = EINVAL;
    return NULL;
  }

  err_pool = make_sub_pool(p);
  pr_pool_tag(err_pool, "error pool");

  err = pcalloc(err_pool, sizeof(pr_error_t));
  err->err_pool = err_pool;
  err->err_errno = xerrno;

  if (session.user != NULL) {
    err->err_user = pstrdup(err_pool, session.user);
  }

  /* NOTE: Should we get the real UID/GID here too? */
  err->err_uid = geteuid();
  err->err_gid = getegid();

  return err;
}

void pr_error_destroy(pr_error_t *err) {
  int xerrno;

  xerrno = errno;

  if (err != NULL) {
    destroy_pool(err->err_pool);
  }

  errno = xerrno;
}

int pr_error_get_who(pr_error_t *err, uid_t *err_uid, gid_t *err_gid) {
  if (err == NULL) {
    errno = EINVAL;
    return -1;
  }

  if (err_uid == NULL &&
      err_gid == NULL) {
    errno = EINVAL;
    return -1;
  }

  if (err_uid != NULL) {
    *err_uid = err->err_uid;
  }

  if (err_gid != NULL) {
    *err_gid = err->err_gid;
  }

  return 0;
}

int pr_error_set_why(pr_error_t *err, const char *why) {
  if (err == NULL ||
      why == NULL) {
    errno = EINVAL;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_goal = pstrdup(err->err_pool, why);
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_set_where(pr_error_t *err, module *m, const char *file,
    unsigned int lineno) {

  if (err == NULL) {
    errno = EINVAL;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_module = m;
  err->err_file = file;
  err->err_lineno = lineno;

  return 0;
}

int pr_error_set_what(pr_error_t *err, const char *what) {
  if (err == NULL ||
      what == NULL) {
    errno = EINVAL;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_oper = pstrdup(err->err_pool, what);
  return 0;
}

unsigned int pr_error_use_details(unsigned int use_details) {
  unsigned int prev;

  prev = error_details;
  error_details = use_details;

  return prev;
}

unsigned int pr_error_use_formats(unsigned int use_formats) {
  unsigned int prev;

  prev = error_formats;
  error_formats = use_formats;

  return prev;
}

static const char *get_uid(pr_error_t *err, char *uid, size_t uidsz) {
  memset(uid, '\0', uidsz);
  pr_snprintf(uid, uidsz-1, "%lu", (unsigned long) err->err_uid);
  return uid;
}

static const char *get_gid(pr_error_t *err, char *gid, size_t gidsz) {
  memset(gid, '\0', gidsz);
  pr_snprintf(gid, gidsz-1, "%lu", (unsigned long) err->err_gid);
  return gid;
}

/* Returns string of:
 *
 *  "user ${user} (UID ${uid}, GID ${gid}) via ${protocol}"
 */
static const char *get_who(pr_error_t *err) {
  const char *who = NULL;

  if (error_details & PR_ERROR_DETAILS_USE_NAMES) {
    if (err->err_user != NULL) {
      who = pstrcat(err->err_pool, "user ", err->err_user, NULL);
    }

    if (error_details & PR_ERROR_DETAILS_USE_IDS) {
      char uid[PR_ERROR_BUFSZ];

      if (err->err_user != NULL) {
        who = pstrcat(err->err_pool, who,
          " (UID ", get_uid(err, uid, sizeof(uid)), ",", NULL);

      } else {
        who = pstrcat(err->err_pool, "UID ", get_uid(err, uid, sizeof(uid)),
          ",", NULL);
      }
    }

    if (error_details & PR_ERROR_DETAILS_USE_IDS) {
      char gid[PR_ERROR_BUFSZ];

      who = pstrcat(err->err_pool, who, " GID ",
        get_gid(err, gid, sizeof(gid)), NULL);
      if (err->err_user != NULL) {
        who = pstrcat(err->err_pool, who, ")", NULL);
      }
    }

  } else if (error_details & PR_ERROR_DETAILS_USE_IDS) {
    char uid[PR_ERROR_BUFSZ], gid[PR_ERROR_BUFSZ];

    who = pstrcat(err->err_pool, "UID ", get_uid(err, uid, sizeof(uid)),
      ", GID ", get_gid(err, gid, sizeof(gid)), NULL);
  }

  if (error_details & PR_ERROR_DETAILS_USE_PROTOCOL) {
    /* If we don't have a session.user, then we don't have a connection, and
     * thus we do not a protocol.
     */
    if (session.user != NULL) {
      const char *proto;

      proto = pr_session_get_protocol(0);

      if (who != NULL) {
        who = pstrcat(err->err_pool, who, " via ", proto, NULL);

      } else {
        who = pstrcat(err->err_pool, "via ", proto, NULL);
      }
    }
  }

  return who;
}

static const char *get_why(pr_error_t *err) {
  const char *why = NULL;

  if (err->err_goal != NULL) {
    why = err->err_goal;
  }

  return why;
}

/* Returns string of:
 *
 *  "${module} [${file}:${lineno}]"
 */
static const char *get_where(pr_error_t *err) {
  const char *where = NULL;

  if (error_details & PR_ERROR_DETAILS_USE_MODULE) {
    if (err->err_module != NULL) {
      where = pstrcat(err->err_pool, "mod_", err->err_module->name, NULL);

    } else {
      where = pstrdup(err->err_pool, "API");
    }
  }

  if (error_details & PR_ERROR_DETAILS_USE_FILE) {
    if (err->err_file != NULL) {
      int used_brackets = FALSE;

      if (where != NULL) {
        where = pstrcat(err->err_pool, where, " [", err->err_file, NULL);
        used_brackets = TRUE;

      } else {
        where = pstrcat(err->err_pool, err->err_file, NULL);
      }

      if (err->err_lineno > 0) {
        char linenum[PR_ERROR_BUFSZ];

        memset(linenum, '\0', sizeof(linenum));
        pr_snprintf(linenum, sizeof(linenum)-1, "%u", err->err_lineno);

        where = pstrcat(err->err_pool, where, ":", linenum,
          used_brackets ? "]" : "", NULL);

      } else {
        if (used_brackets) {
          where = pstrcat(err->err_pool, where, "]", NULL);
        }
      }
    }
  }

  return where;
}

static const char *get_oper(pr_error_t *err) {
  const char *what = NULL;

  if (err->err_oper != NULL) {
    what = err->err_oper;
  }

  return what;
}

static const char *get_what(pr_error_t *err) {
  const char *what = NULL;

  if (err->err_oper != NULL) {
    if (err->err_args != NULL) {
      what = pstrcat(err->err_pool, err->err_oper, " using ", err->err_args,
        NULL);

    } else {
      what = err->err_oper;
    }
  }

  return what;
}

/* TODO: Should this be implemented as one large switch statement instead? */
static const char *get_errno_name(int xerrno) {
  register unsigned int i;
  const char *name = NULL;

  /* Special-case handling for zero value. */
  if (xerrno == 0) {
    return "EOK";
  }

  for (i = 0; errno_names[i].name; i++) {
    if (errno_names[i].error_number == xerrno) {
      name = errno_names[i].name;
      break;
    }
  }

  if (name == NULL) {
    name = "<unknown/unsupported error>";
  }

  return name;
}

static const char *get_errno_desc(int xerrno) {
  const char *desc = NULL;

  /* Special-case handling for zero value. */
  if (xerrno != 0) {
    desc = strerror(xerrno);

  } else {
    desc = "Success";
  }

  return desc;
}

/* Returns string of:
 *
 *  "${err_desc} [${err_name} (${err_errno})]"
 */
static const char *get_failure(pr_error_t *err) {
  const char *failure = NULL;
  char errnum[PR_ERROR_BUFSZ];

  memset(errnum, '\0', sizeof(errnum));
  pr_snprintf(errnum, sizeof(errnum)-1, "%d", err->err_errno);

  if (err->err_name == NULL) {
    err->err_name = get_errno_name(err->err_errno);
  }

  if (err->err_desc == NULL) {
    err->err_desc = get_errno_desc(err->err_errno);
  }

  failure = pstrcat(err->err_pool, err->err_desc, " [", err->err_name,
    " (", errnum, ")]", NULL);

  return failure;
}

static const char *get_explained(pr_error_t *err) {
  const char *explained = NULL;

  if (err->err_explained != NULL) {
    explained = err->err_explained;
  }

  return explained;
}

static const char *get_minimal_text(pool *p, const char *what,
    const char *failure) {
  const char *err_text = NULL;

  if (what != NULL) {
    err_text = what;
  }

  if (failure != NULL) {
    if (err_text != NULL) {
      err_text = pstrcat(p, err_text, " failed with \"", failure, "\"", NULL);

    } else {
      err_text = failure;
    }
  }

  return err_text;
}

static const char *get_terse_text(pool *p, const char *what,
    const char *failure, const char *explained) {
  const char *err_text = NULL;

  if (what != NULL) {
    err_text = what;
  }

  if (failure != NULL) {
    /* Not much point in including the failure string if there is no other
     * context provided.
     */
    if (err_text != NULL) {
      err_text = pstrcat(p, err_text, " failed with \"", failure, "\"", NULL);
    }
  }

  if (explained != NULL) {
    /* Not much point in including the failure explanation if there is no
     * other context provided.
     */
    if (err_text != NULL) {
      err_text = pstrcat(p, err_text, " because ", explained, NULL);
    }
  }

  return err_text;
}

static const char *get_detailed_text(pool *p, const char *where,
    const char *who, const char *why, const char *what, const char *failure,
    const char *explained) {
  const char *err_text = NULL;

  if (where != NULL) {
    err_text = pstrcat(p, "in ", where, NULL);
  }

  if (who != NULL &&
      (what != NULL || where != NULL)) {
    /* Not much point in including who, if there is no what or where to
     * go with them.
     */

    if (err_text != NULL) {
      err_text = pstrcat(p, err_text, ", ", who, NULL);

    } else {
      err_text = who;
    }
  }

  if (why != NULL) {
    if (err_text != NULL) {
      err_text = pstrcat(p, err_text, " wanted to ", why, NULL);

    } else {
      err_text = why;
    }
  }

  if (what != NULL) {
    if (err_text != NULL) {
      if (why != NULL) {
        err_text = pstrcat(p, err_text, " but ", what, NULL);

      } else {
        err_text = pstrcat(p, err_text, " attempting to ", what, NULL);
      }

    } else {
      err_text = what;
    }
  }

  if (failure != NULL) {
    /* Not much point in including the failure string if there is no other
     * context provided.
     */
    if (err_text != NULL) {
      err_text = pstrcat(p, err_text, " failed with \"", failure, "\"", NULL);
    }
  }

  if (explained != NULL) {
    /* Not much point in including the failure explanation if there is no
     * other context provided.
     */
    if (err_text != NULL) {
      err_text = pstrcat(p, err_text, " because ", explained, NULL);
    }
  }

  return err_text;
}

const char *pr_error_strerror(pr_error_t *err, int use_format) {
  const char *err_text = NULL;

  if (err == NULL) {
    return strerror(errno);
  }

  if (use_format == 0) {
    use_format = PR_ERROR_FORMAT_USE_DETAILED;
  }

  switch (use_format) {
    case PR_ERROR_FORMAT_USE_DETAILED:
      if (!(error_formats & PR_ERROR_FORMAT_USE_DETAILED)) {
        use_format = PR_ERROR_FORMAT_USE_TERSE;

      } else {
        break;
      }

    case PR_ERROR_FORMAT_USE_TERSE:
      if (!(error_formats & PR_ERROR_FORMAT_USE_TERSE)) {
        use_format = PR_ERROR_FORMAT_USE_MINIMAL;

      } else {
        break;
      }

    case PR_ERROR_FORMAT_USE_MINIMAL:
      break;

    default:
      /* We want to make sure that pr_error_strerror() ALWAYS returns a
       * non-NULL string.  So the fallback behavior is to just use
       * normal strerror(3).
       */
      return strerror(err->err_errno);
  }

  switch (use_format) {
    case PR_ERROR_FORMAT_USE_DETAILED: {
      const char *who, *why, *where, *what, *failure, *explained;

      who = get_who(err);
      why = get_why(err);
      where = get_where(err);
      what = get_what(err);
      failure = get_failure(err);
      explained = get_explained(err);

      err_text = get_detailed_text(err->err_pool, where, who, why, what,
        failure, explained);
      break;
    }

    case PR_ERROR_FORMAT_USE_TERSE: {
      const char *what, *failure, *explained;

      /* For terse messages, we only want the operation, if available, and NOT
       * the args.
       */
      what = get_oper(err);
      failure = get_failure(err);
      explained = get_explained(err);

      err_text = get_terse_text(err->err_pool, what, failure, explained);
      break;
    }

    case PR_ERROR_FORMAT_USE_MINIMAL: {
      const char *what, *failure;

      what = get_oper(err);
      failure = get_failure(err);

      err_text = get_minimal_text(err->err_pool, what, failure);
      break;
    }

    default:
      break;
  }

  if (err_text == NULL) {
    return strerror(err->err_errno);
  }

  return err_text;
}

pr_error_explainer_t *pr_error_register_explainer(pool *p, module *m,
    const char *name) {
  struct err_explainer *ee;
  pr_error_explainer_t *explainer;

  if (p == NULL ||
      name == NULL) {
    errno = EINVAL;
    return NULL;
  }

  /* Check for duplicate registrations. */
  if (error_explainers != NULL) {
    for (ee = error_explainers; ee; ee = ee->next) {
      if ((m == NULL || m == ee->m) &&
          (strcmp(name, ee->name) == 0)) {
        errno = EEXIST;
        return NULL;
      }
    }
  }

  ee = pcalloc(p, sizeof(struct err_explainer));
  ee->m = m;
  ee->name = pstrdup(p, name);
  explainer = pcalloc(p, sizeof(pr_error_explainer_t));
  ee->explainer = explainer;

  ee->next = error_explainers;
  if (error_explainers != NULL) {
    error_explainers->prev = ee;

  } else {
    error_explainers = ee;
  }

  if (error_explainer == NULL) {
    /* If this is the first set of explainers registered, they become the
     * de facto selected set of explainers.
     */
    error_explainer = ee;
  }

  return explainer;
}

int pr_error_unregister_explainer(pool *p, module *m, const char *name) {
  struct err_explainer *ee;
  int res = -1;

  (void) p;

  /* We need either module or name (or both); both cannot be NULL. */
  if (m == NULL &&
      name == NULL) {
    errno = EINVAL;
    return -1;
  }

  for (ee = error_explainers; ee; ee = ee->next) {
    if ((m == NULL || m == ee->m) &&
        (name == NULL || strcmp(name, ee->name) == 0)) {

      if (ee->prev != NULL) {
        ee->prev->next = ee->next;

      } else {
        /* This explainer is the head of the explainers list, so we need
         * to update the head pointer as well.
         */
        error_explainers = ee->next;
      }

      if (ee->next != NULL) {
        ee->next->prev = ee->prev;
      }

      ee->prev = ee->next = NULL;

      /* If the unregistered explainer is currently the default/selected
       * one, make sure to set that pointer to NULL, too.
       */
      if (ee == error_explainer) {
        error_explainer = NULL;
      }

      res = 0;
    }
  }

  if (res < 0) {
    errno = ENOENT;
  }

  return res;
}

int pr_error_use_explainer(pool *p, module *m, const char *name) {
  struct err_explainer *ee;

  (void) p;

  if (error_explainers == NULL) {
    errno = EPERM;
    return -1;
  }

  if (name == NULL) {
    errno = EINVAL;
    return -1;
  }

  if (error_explainer != NULL) {
    if ((m == NULL || m == error_explainer->m) &&
        (strcmp(name, error_explainer->name) == 0)) {
      return 0;
    }
  }

  for (ee = error_explainers; ee; ee = ee->next) {
    if ((m == NULL || m == ee->m) &&
        (strcmp(name, ee->name) == 0)) {
      error_explainer = ee;
      return 0;
    }
  }

  errno = ENOENT;
  return -1;
}

/* Even if err_errno is 0 (OK), we will still call out to the registered
 * explanation providers (explainers).  Why?
 *
 * An explanation provider, not the core API, is responsible for providing
 * a textual description of the operation's arguments, if nothing else.  Thus
 * even for an "OK" errno value, the caller might want the full textual
 * description of the operation and its arguments.
 */

static void trace_explained_error(const char *what, int xerrno) {
  if (error_explainer->m != NULL) {
    (void) pr_trace_msg(trace_channel, 9,
      "'%s' explanations (from mod_%s), failed to explain '%s': %s",
      error_explainer->name, error_explainer->m->name, what, strerror(xerrno));

  } else {
    pr_trace_msg(trace_channel, 9,
      "'%s' explanations (from API), failed to explain '%s': %s",
      error_explainer->name, what, strerror(xerrno));
  }
}

static int check_error(pr_error_t *err) {
  if (err == NULL) {
    errno = EINVAL;
    return -1;
  }

  if (error_explainer == NULL) {
    errno = ENOSYS;
    return -1;
  }

  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_accept(pr_error_t *err, int fd, struct sockaddr *addr,
    socklen_t *addr_len) {
  const char *what = "accept()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_why(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_accept != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_accept)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, fd, addr, addr_len, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_bind(pr_error_t *err, int fd, const struct sockaddr *addr,
    socklen_t addr_len) {
  const char *what = "bind()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_bind != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_bind)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, fd, addr, addr_len, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_chdir(pr_error_t *err, const char *path) {
  const char *what = "chdir()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_chdir != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_chdir)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, path, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_chmod(pr_error_t *err, const char *path, mode_t mode) {
  const char *what = "chmod()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_chmod != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_chmod)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, path, mode, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_chown(pr_error_t *err, const char *path, uid_t uid,
    gid_t gid) {
  const char *what = "chown()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_chown != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_chown)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, path, uid, gid, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_chroot(pr_error_t *err, const char *path) {
  const char *what = "chroot()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_chroot != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_chroot)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, path, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_close(pr_error_t *err, int fd) {
  const char *what = "close()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_close != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_close)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, fd, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_closedir(pr_error_t *err, void *dirh) {
  const char *what = "closedir()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_closedir != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_closedir)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, dirh, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_connect(pr_error_t *err, int fd,
    const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addr_len) {
  const char *what = "connect()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_connect != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_connect)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, fd, addr, addr_len, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_fchmod(pr_error_t *err, int fd, mode_t mode) {
  const char *what = "fchmod()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_fchmod != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_fchmod)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, fd, mode, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_fchown(pr_error_t *err, int fd, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
  const char *what = "fchown()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_fchown != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_fchown)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, fd, uid, gid, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_fclose(pr_error_t *err, FILE *fh) {
  const char *what = "fclose()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_fclose != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_fclose)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, fh, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_fcntl(pr_error_t *err, int fd, int op, long arg) {
  const char *what = "fcntl()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_fcntl != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_fcntl)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, fd, op, arg, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_fdopen(pr_error_t *err, int fd, const char *mode) {
  const char *what = "fdopen()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_fdopen != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_fdopen)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, fd, mode, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_flock(pr_error_t *err, int fd, int op) {
  const char *what = "flock()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_flock != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_flock)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, fd, op, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_fopen(pr_error_t *err, const char *path,
    const char *mode) {
  const char *what = "fopen()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_fopen != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_fopen)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, path, mode, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_fork(pr_error_t *err) {
  const char *what = "fork()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_fork != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_fork)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_fstat(pr_error_t *err, int fd, struct stat *st) {
  const char *what = "fstat()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_fstat != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_fstat)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, fd, st, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_fstatfs(pr_error_t *err, int fd, void *stfs) {
  const char *what = "fstatfs()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_fstatfs != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_fstatfs)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, fd, stfs, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_fstatvfs(pr_error_t *err, int fd, void *stfs) {
  const char *what = "fstatvfs()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_fstatvfs != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_fstatvfs)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, fd, stfs, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_fsync(pr_error_t *err, int fd) {
  const char *what = "fsync()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_fsync != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_fsync)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, fd, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_ftruncate(pr_error_t *err, int fd, off_t len) {
  const char *what = "ftruncate()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_ftruncate != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_ftruncate)(
      err->err_pool, err->err_errno, fd, len, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_futimes(pr_error_t *err, int fd,
    const struct timeval *tvs) {
  const char *what = "futimes()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_futimes != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_futimes)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, fd, tvs, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_getaddrinfo(pr_error_t *err, const char *name,
    const char *service, const struct addrinfo *hints, struct addrinfo **res) {
  const char *what = "getaddrinfo()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_getaddrinfo != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_getaddrinfo)(
      err->err_pool, err->err_errno, name, service, hints, res,
      &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_gethostbyname(pr_error_t *err, const char *name) {
  const char *what = "gethostbyname()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_gethostbyname != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_gethostbyname)(
      err->err_pool, err->err_errno, name, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_gethostbyname2(pr_error_t *err, const char *name,
    int family) {
  const char *what = "gethostbyname2()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_gethostbyname2 != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_gethostbyname2)(
      err->err_pool, err->err_errno, name, family, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_gethostname(pr_error_t *err, char *buf, size_t sz) {
  const char *what = "gethostname()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_gethostname != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_gethostname)(
      err->err_pool, err->err_errno, buf, sz, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_getnameinfo(pr_error_t *err, const struct sockaddr *addr,
    socklen_t addr_len, char *host, size_t host_len, char *service,
    size_t service_len, int flags) {
  const char *what = "getnameinfo()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_getnameinfo != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_getnameinfo)(
      err->err_pool, err->err_errno, addr, addr_len, host, host_len, service,
      service_len, flags, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_getpeername(pr_error_t *err, int fd, struct sockaddr *addr,
    socklen_t *addr_len) {
  const char *what = "getpeername()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_getpeername != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_getpeername)(
      err->err_pool, err->err_errno, fd, addr, addr_len, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_getrlimit(pr_error_t *err, int resource,
    struct rlimit *rlim) {
  const char *what = "getrlimit()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_getrlimit != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_getrlimit)(
      err->err_pool, err->err_errno, resource, rlim, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_getsockname(pr_error_t *err, int fd, struct sockaddr *addr,
    socklen_t *addr_len) {
  const char *what = "getsockname()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_getsockname != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_getsockname)(
      err->err_pool, err->err_errno, fd, addr, addr_len, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_getsockopt(pr_error_t *err, int fd, int level, int option,
    void *val, socklen_t *valsz) {
  const char *what = "getsockopt()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_getsockopt != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_getsockopt)(
      err->err_pool, err->err_errno, fd, level, option, val, valsz,
      &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_lchown(pr_error_t *err, const char *path, uid_t uid,
    gid_t gid) {
  const char *what = "lchown()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_lchown != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_lchown)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, path, uid, gid, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_link(pr_error_t *err, const char *target_path,
    const char *link_path) {
  const char *what = "link()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_link != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_link)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, target_path, link_path, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_listen(pr_error_t *err, int fd, int backlog) {
  const char *what = "listen()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_listen != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_listen)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, fd, backlog, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_lseek(pr_error_t *err, int fd, off_t offset, int whence) {
  const char *what = "lseek()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_lseek != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_lseek)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, fd, offset, whence, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_lstat(pr_error_t *err, const char *path,
    struct stat *st) {
  const char *what = "lstat()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_lstat != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_lstat)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, path, st, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_mkdir(pr_error_t *err, const char *path, mode_t mode) {
  const char *what = "mkdir()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_mkdir != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_mkdir)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, path, mode, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_mkdtemp(pr_error_t *err, char *tmpl) {
  const char *what = "mkdtemp()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_mkdtemp != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_mkdtemp)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, tmpl, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_mkstemp(pr_error_t *err, char *tmpl) {
  const char *what = "mkstemp()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_mkstemp != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_mkstemp)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, tmpl, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_open(pr_error_t *err, const char *path, int flags,
    mode_t mode) {
  const char *what = "open()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_open != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_open)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, path, flags, mode, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_opendir(pr_error_t *err, const char *path) {
  const char *what = "opendir()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_opendir != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_opendir)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, path, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_read(pr_error_t *err, int fd, void *buf, size_t sz) {
  const char *what = "read()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_read != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_read)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, fd, buf, sz, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_readdir(pr_error_t *err, void *dirh) {
  const char *what = "readdir()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_readdir != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_readdir)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, dirh, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_readlink(pr_error_t *err, const char *path, char *buf,
    size_t sz) {
  const char *what = "readlink()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_readlink != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_readlink)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, path, buf, sz, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_readv(pr_error_t *err, int fd, const struct iovec *iov,
    int iov_len) {
  const char *what = "readv()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_readv != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_readv)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, fd, iov, iov_len, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_rename(pr_error_t *err, const char *old_path,
    const char *new_path) {
  const char *what = "rename()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_rename != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_rename)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, old_path, new_path, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_rmdir(pr_error_t *err, const char *path) {
  const char *what = "rmdir()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_rmdir != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_rmdir)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, path, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_setegid(pr_error_t *err, gid_t gid) {
  const char *what = "setegid()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_setegid != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_setegid)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, gid, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_seteuid(pr_error_t *err, uid_t uid) {
  const char *what = "seteuid()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_seteuid != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_seteuid)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, uid, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_setgid(pr_error_t *err, gid_t gid) {
  const char *what = "setgid()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_setgid != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_setgid)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, gid, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_setregid(pr_error_t *err, gid_t rgid, gid_t egid) {
  const char *what = "setregid()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_setregid != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_setregid)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, rgid, egid, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_setresgid(pr_error_t *err, gid_t rgid, gid_t egid,
    gid_t sgid) {
  const char *what = "setresgid()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_setresgid != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_setresgid)(
      err->err_pool, err->err_errno, rgid, egid, sgid, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_setresuid(pr_error_t *err, uid_t ruid, uid_t euid,
    uid_t suid) {
  const char *what = "setresuid()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_setresuid != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_setresuid)(
      err->err_pool, err->err_errno, ruid, euid, suid, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_setreuid(pr_error_t *err, uid_t ruid, uid_t euid) {
  const char *what = "setreuid()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_setreuid != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_setreuid)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, ruid, euid, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_setrlimit(pr_error_t *err, int resource,
    const struct rlimit *rlim) {
  const char *what = "setrlimit()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_setrlimit != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_setrlimit)(
      err->err_pool, err->err_errno, resource, rlim, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_setsockopt(pr_error_t *err, int fd, int level, int option,
    const void *val, socklen_t valsz) {
  const char *what = "setsockopt()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_setsockopt != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_setsockopt)(
      err->err_pool, err->err_errno, fd, level, option, val, valsz,
      &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_setuid(pr_error_t *err, uid_t uid) {
  const char *what = "setuid()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_setuid != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_setuid)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, uid, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_socket(pr_error_t *err, int domain, int type, int proto) {
  const char *what = "socket()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_socket != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_socket)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, domain, type, proto, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_stat(pr_error_t *err, const char *path, struct stat *st) {
  const char *what = "stat()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_stat != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_stat)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, path, st, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_statfs(pr_error_t *err, const char *path, void *stfs) {
  const char *what = "statfs()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_statfs != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_statfs)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, path, stfs, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_statvfs(pr_error_t *err, const char *path, void *stfs) {
  const char *what = "statvfs()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_statvfs != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_statvfs)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, path, stfs, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_symlink(pr_error_t *err, const char *target_path,
    const char *link_path) {
  const char *what = "symlink()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_symlink != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_symlink)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, target_path, link_path, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_truncate(pr_error_t *err, const char *path, off_t len) {
  const char *what = "truncate()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_truncate != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_truncate)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, path, len, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_unlink(pr_error_t *err, const char *path) {
  const char *what = "unlink()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_unlink != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_unlink)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, path, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_utimes(pr_error_t *err, const char *path,
    const struct timeval *tvs) {
  const char *what = "utimes()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_utimes != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_utimes)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, path, tvs, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_write(pr_error_t *err, int fd, const void *buf,
    size_t sz) {
  const char *what = "write()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_write != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_write)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, fd, buf, sz, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

int pr_error_explain_writev(pr_error_t *err, int fd,
    const struct iovec *iov, int iov_len) {
  const char *what = "writev()", *explained = NULL;
  int xerrno = ENOSYS;

  if (check_error(err) < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  (void) pr_error_set_what(err, what);

  if (error_explainer->explainer->explain_writev != NULL) {
    explained = (error_explainer->explainer->explain_writev)(err->err_pool,
      err->err_errno, fd, iov, iov_len, &(err->err_args));
    xerrno = errno;
  }

  if (explained == NULL) {
    trace_explained_error(what, xerrno);
    errno = xerrno;
    return -1;
  }

  err->err_explained = explained;
  return 0;
}

proftpd / proftpd / 28042938174

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