25968262348

Committed 16 May 2026 05:24PM UTC coverage: 42.534% (+0.1%) from 42.439%

Build # 25968262348

Build Type

Pull #7507

github

Committed by

web-flow

Commit Message

Merge 4053aab2f into 9e1ae01f6

Pull Request Pull Request #7507: Implementation for MS RFC 142 (scalebar geodesic measurement)

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178 of 199 new or added lines in 4 files covered. (89.45%)

25425 existing lines in 4 files now uncovered.

64905 of 152594 relevant lines covered (42.53%)

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69.56

/src/mapfile.c

/******************************************************************************
 * $id: mapfile.c 7854 2008-08-14 19:22:48Z dmorissette $
 *
 * Project:  MapServer
 * Purpose:  High level Map file parsing code.
 * Author:   Steve Lime and the MapServer team.
 *
 ******************************************************************************
 * Copyright (c) 1996-2005 Regents of the University of Minnesota.
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
 * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
 * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
 * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
 * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
 * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies of this Software or works derived from this Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
 * OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
 * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 * DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 ****************************************************************************/

#ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#endif

#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <float.h>

#include "mapserver.h"
#include "mapfile.h"
#include "mapthread.h"
#include "maptime.h"
#include "mapogcsld.h"

#include "cpl_conv.h"
#include "cpl_port.h"
#include "cpl_string.h"

extern int msyylex(void);
extern void msyyrestart(FILE *);
extern int msyylex_destroy(void);
extern void msyycleanup_includes();

extern double msyynumber;
extern int msyylineno;
extern FILE *msyyin;

extern int msyysource;
extern int msyystate;
extern const char *msyystring;
extern char *msyybasepath;
extern int msyyreturncomments;
extern char *msyystring_buffer;
extern int msyystring_icase;

extern int loadSymbol(symbolObj *s, char *symbolpath); /* in mapsymbol.c */
extern void writeSymbol(symbolObj *s, FILE *stream);   /* in mapsymbol.c */
static int loadGrid(layerObj *pLayer);
static int loadStyle(styleObj *style);
static void writeStyle(FILE *stream, int indent, styleObj *style);
static int resolveSymbolNames(mapObj *map);
static int loadExpression(expressionObj *exp);
static void writeExpression(FILE *stream, int indent, const char *name,
                            expressionObj *exp);

/*
** Symbol to string static arrays needed for writing map files.
** Must be kept in sync with enumerations and defines found in mapserver.h.
*/
/* static char *msUnits[9]={"INCHES", "FEET", "MILES", "METERS", "KILOMETERS",
 * "DD", "PIXELS", "PERCENTAGES", "NAUTICALMILES"}; */
/* static char *msLayerTypes[10]={"POINT", "LINE", "POLYGON", "RASTER",
 * "ANNOTATION", "QUERY", "CIRCLE", "TILEINDEX","CHART"}; */
char *msPositionsText[MS_POSITIONS_LENGTH] = {
    "UL", "LR", "UR",   "LL", "CR",    "CL", "UC",
    "LC", "CC", "AUTO", "XY", "FOLLOW"}; /* msLabelPositions[] also used in
                                            mapsymbols.c (not static) */
/* static char *msBitmapFontSizes[5]={"TINY", "SMALL", "MEDIUM", "LARGE",
 * "GIANT"}; */
/* static char *msQueryMapStyles[4]={"NORMAL", "HILITE", "SELECTED",
 * "INVERTED"}; */
/* static char *msStatus[4]={"OFF", "ON", "DEFAULT", "EMBED"}; */
/* static char *msOnOff[2]={"OFF", "ON"}; */
/* static char *msTrueFalse[2]={"FALSE", "TRUE"}; */
/* static char *msYesNo[2]={"NO", "YES"}; */
/* static char *msJoinType[2]={"ONE-TO-ONE", "ONE-TO-MANY"}; */
/* static char *msAlignValue[3]={"LEFT","CENTER","RIGHT"}; */

/*
** Validates a string (value) against a series of patterns. We support up to
*four to allow cascading from classObj to
** layerObj to webObj plus a legacy pattern like TEMPLATEPATTERN.
*/
int msValidateParameter(const char *value, const char *pattern1,
                        const char *pattern2, const char *pattern3,
                        const char *pattern4) {
  if (msEvalRegex(pattern1, value) == MS_TRUE)
    return MS_SUCCESS;
  if (msEvalRegex(pattern2, value) == MS_TRUE)
    return MS_SUCCESS;
  if (msEvalRegex(pattern3, value) == MS_TRUE)
    return MS_SUCCESS;
  if (msEvalRegex(pattern4, value) == MS_TRUE)
    return MS_SUCCESS;

  return (MS_FAILURE);
}

int msIsValidRegex(const char *e) {
  ms_regex_t re;
  int errcode = ms_regcomp(&re, e, MS_REG_EXTENDED | MS_REG_NOSUB);
  if (errcode != 0) {
    char szErrbuf[256];
    ms_regerror(errcode, &re, szErrbuf, sizeof(szErrbuf));
    msSetError(MS_REGEXERR, "Failed to compile expression (%s): %s.",
               "msIsValidRegex()", e, szErrbuf);
    return (MS_FALSE);
  }
  ms_regfree(&re);
  return MS_TRUE;
}

int msEvalRegex(const char *e, const char *s) {
  ms_regex_t re;

  if (!e || !s)
    return (MS_FALSE);

  int errcode = ms_regcomp(&re, e, MS_REG_EXTENDED | MS_REG_NOSUB);
  if (errcode != 0) {
    char szErrbuf[256];
    ms_regerror(errcode, &re, szErrbuf, sizeof(szErrbuf));
    msSetError(MS_REGEXERR, "Failed to compile expression (%s): %s.",
               "msEvalRegex()", e, szErrbuf);
    return (MS_FALSE);
  }

  if (ms_regexec(&re, s, 0, NULL, 0) != 0) { /* no match */
    ms_regfree(&re);
    return (MS_FALSE);
  }
  ms_regfree(&re);

  return (MS_TRUE);
}

int msCaseEvalRegex(const char *e, const char *s) {
  ms_regex_t re;

  if (!e || !s)
    return (MS_FALSE);

  if (ms_regcomp(&re, e, MS_REG_EXTENDED | MS_REG_ICASE | MS_REG_NOSUB) != 0) {
    msSetError(MS_REGEXERR, "Failed to compile expression (%s).",
               "msEvalRegex()", e);
    return (MS_FALSE);
  }

  if (ms_regexec(&re, s, 0, NULL, 0) != 0) { /* no match */
    ms_regfree(&re);
    return (MS_FALSE);
  }
  ms_regfree(&re);

  return (MS_TRUE);
}

#ifdef USE_MSFREE
void msFree(void *p) {
  if (p)
    free(p);
}
#endif

/*
** Free memory allocated for a character array
*/
void msFreeCharArray(char **array, int num_items) {
  int i;
  if (!array)
    return;
  for (i = 0; i < num_items; i++)
    msFree(array[i]);
  msFree(array);
}

/*
** Checks symbol from lexer against variable length list of
** legal symbols.
*/
int getSymbol(int n, ...) {
  int symbol;
  va_list argp;
  int i = 0;

  symbol = msyylex();

  va_start(argp, n);
  while (i < n) { /* check each symbol in the list */
    if (symbol == va_arg(argp, int)) {
      va_end(argp);
      return (symbol);
    }
    i++;
  }

  va_end(argp);

  msSetError(MS_SYMERR, "Parsing error near (%s):(line %d)", "getSymbol()",
             msyystring_buffer, msyylineno);
  return (-1);
}

/*
** Same as getSymbol, except no error message is set on failure
*/
int getSymbol2(int n, ...) {
  int symbol;
  va_list argp;
  int i = 0;

  symbol = msyylex();

  va_start(argp, n);
  while (i < n) { /* check each symbol in the list */
    if (symbol == va_arg(argp, int)) {
      va_end(argp);
      return (symbol);
    }
    i++;
  }

  va_end(argp);
  return (-1);
}

/*
** Get a string or symbol as a string.   Operates like getString(), but also
** supports symbols.
*/
static char *getToken(void) {
  msyylex();
  return msStrdup(msyystring_buffer);
}

/*
** Load a string from the map file. A "string" is defined in lexer.l.
*/
int getString(char **s) {
  /* if (*s)
    msSetError(MS_SYMERR, "Duplicate item (%s):(line %d)", "getString()",
  msyystring_buffer, msyylineno); return(MS_FAILURE); } else */
  if (msyylex() == MS_STRING) {
    if (*s)
      free(*s); /* avoid leak */
    *s = msStrdup(msyystring_buffer);
    return (MS_SUCCESS);
  }

  msSetError(MS_SYMERR, "Parsing error near (%s):(line %d)", "getString()",
             msyystring_buffer, msyylineno);
  return (MS_FAILURE);
}

int msCheckNumber(double number, int num_check_type, double value1,
                  double value2) {
  if (num_check_type == MS_NUM_CHECK_NONE) {
    return MS_SUCCESS;
  } else if (num_check_type == MS_NUM_CHECK_RANGE && number >= value1 &&
             number <= value2) {
    return MS_SUCCESS;
  } else if (num_check_type == MS_NUM_CHECK_GT && number > value1) {
    return MS_SUCCESS;
  } else if (num_check_type == MS_NUM_CHECK_GTE && number >= value1) {
    return MS_SUCCESS;
  }

  return MS_FAILURE;
}

/*
** Load a floating point number from the map file. (see lexer.l)
*/
int getDouble(double *d, int num_check_type, double value1, double value2) {
  if (msyylex() == MS_NUMBER) {
    if (msCheckNumber(msyynumber, num_check_type, value1, value2) ==
        MS_SUCCESS) {
      *d = msyynumber;
      return (0);
    }
  }

  msSetError(MS_SYMERR, "Parsing error near (%s):(line %d)", "getDouble()",
             msyystring_buffer, msyylineno);
  return (-1);
}

/*
** Load a integer from the map file. (see lexer.l)
*/
int getInteger(int *i, int num_check_type, int value1, int value2) {
  if (msyylex() == MS_NUMBER) {
    if (msCheckNumber(msyynumber, num_check_type, value1, value2) ==
        MS_SUCCESS) {
      *i = (int)msyynumber;
      return (0);
    }
  }

  msSetError(MS_SYMERR, "Parsing error near (%s):(line %d)", "getInteger()",
             msyystring_buffer, msyylineno);
  return (-1);
}

int getCharacter(char *c) {
  if (msyylex() == MS_STRING) {
    *c = msyystring_buffer[0];
    return (0);
  }

  msSetError(MS_SYMERR, "Parsing error near (%s):(line %d)", "getCharacter()",
             msyystring_buffer, msyylineno);
  return (-1);
}

/*
** Try to load as an integer, then try as a named symbol.
** Part of work on bug 490.
*/
int getIntegerOrSymbol(int *i, int n, ...) {
  int symbol;
  va_list argp;
  int j = 0;

  symbol = msyylex();

  if (symbol == MS_NUMBER) {
    *i = (int)msyynumber;
    return MS_SUCCESS; /* success */
  }

  va_start(argp, n);
  while (j < n) { /* check each symbol in the list */
    if (symbol == va_arg(argp, int)) {
      va_end(argp);
      *i = symbol;
      return MS_SUCCESS;
    }
    j++;
  }
  va_end(argp);

  msSetError(MS_SYMERR, "Parsing error near (%s):(line %d)",
             "getIntegerOrSymbol()", msyystring_buffer, msyylineno);
  return (-1);
}

/*
** msBuildPluginLibraryPath
**
** This function builds a path to be used dynamically to load plugin library.
*/
int msBuildPluginLibraryPath(char **dest, const char *lib_str, mapObj *map) {
  char szLibPath[MS_MAXPATHLEN] = {'\0'};
  char szLibPathExt[MS_MAXPATHLEN] = {'\0'};
  const char *plugin_dir = NULL;

  if (map)
    plugin_dir = msLookupHashTable(&(map->configoptions), "MS_PLUGIN_DIR");

    /* do nothing on windows, filename without .dll will be loaded by default*/
#if !defined(_WIN32)
  if (lib_str) {
    size_t len = strlen(lib_str);
    if (3 < len && strcmp(lib_str + len - 3, ".so")) {
      strlcpy(szLibPathExt, lib_str, MS_MAXPATHLEN);
      strlcat(szLibPathExt, ".so", MS_MAXPATHLEN);
      lib_str = szLibPathExt;
    }
  }
#endif /* !defined(_WIN32) */
  if (NULL == msBuildPath(szLibPath, plugin_dir, lib_str)) {
    return MS_FAILURE;
  }
  msFree(*dest);
  *dest = msStrdup(szLibPath);

  return MS_SUCCESS;
}

/*
** Returns the index of specified symbol or -1 if not found.
**
** If try_addimage_if_notfound==MS_TRUE then msAddImageSymbol() will be called
** to try to allocate the symbol as an image symbol.
*/
int msGetSymbolIndex(symbolSetObj *symbols, const char *name,
                     int try_addimage_if_notfound) {
  int i;

  if (!symbols || !name)
    return (-1);

  /* symbol 0 has no name */
  for (i = 1; i < symbols->numsymbols; i++) {
    if (symbols->symbol[i]->name)
      if (strcasecmp(symbols->symbol[i]->name, name) == 0)
        return (i);
  }

  if (try_addimage_if_notfound)
    return (
        msAddImageSymbol(symbols, name)); /* make sure it's not a filename */

  return (-1);
}

/*
** Return the index number for a given layer based on its name.
*/
int msGetLayerIndex(mapObj *map, const char *name) {
  int i;

  if (!name)
    return (-1);

  for (i = 0; i < map->numlayers; i++) {
    if (!GET_LAYER(map, i)->name) /* skip it */
      continue;
    if (strcmp(name, GET_LAYER(map, i)->name) == 0)
      return (i);
  }
  return (-1);
}

int loadColor(colorObj *color, attributeBindingObj *binding) {
  int symbol;
  char hex[2];

  /*
  ** Note that negative color values can be used to suppress or change behavior.
  *For example, referenceObj uses
  ** a negative color component to suppress rectangle fills.
  */

  if (binding) {
    if ((symbol = getSymbol(3, MS_NUMBER, MS_BINDING, MS_STRING)) == -1)
      return MS_FAILURE;
  } else {
    if ((symbol = getSymbol(2, MS_NUMBER, MS_STRING)) == -1)
      return MS_FAILURE;
  }

  color->alpha = 255;
  if (symbol == MS_NUMBER) {
    if (msyynumber >= -255 && msyynumber <= 255) {
      color->red = (int)msyynumber;
    } else {
      return MS_FAILURE;
    }
    if (getInteger(&(color->green), MS_NUM_CHECK_RANGE, -255, 255) == -1)
      return MS_FAILURE;
    if (getInteger(&(color->blue), MS_NUM_CHECK_RANGE, -255, 255) == -1)
      return MS_FAILURE;
  } else if (symbol == MS_STRING) {
    int len = strlen(msyystring_buffer);
    if (msyystring_buffer[0] == '#' &&
        (len == 7 || len == 9)) { /* got a hex color w/optional alpha */
      hex[0] = msyystring_buffer[1];
      hex[1] = msyystring_buffer[2];
      color->red = msHexToInt(hex);
      hex[0] = msyystring_buffer[3];
      hex[1] = msyystring_buffer[4];
      color->green = msHexToInt(hex);
      hex[0] = msyystring_buffer[5];
      hex[1] = msyystring_buffer[6];
      color->blue = msHexToInt(hex);
      if (len == 9) {
        hex[0] = msyystring_buffer[7];
        hex[1] = msyystring_buffer[8];
        color->alpha = msHexToInt(hex);
      }
    } else {
      /* TODO: consider named colors here */
      msSetError(MS_SYMERR, "Invalid hex color (%s):(line %d)", "loadColor()",
                 msyystring_buffer, msyylineno);
      return MS_FAILURE;
    }
  } else {
    assert(binding);
    msFree(binding->item);
    binding->item = msStrdup(msyystring_buffer);
    binding->index = -1;
  }

  return MS_SUCCESS;
}

#if ALPHACOLOR_ENABLED
int loadColorWithAlpha(colorObj *color) {
  char hex[2];

  /*
  ** Note that negative color values can be used to suppress or change behavior.
  *For example, referenceObj uses
  ** a negative color component to suppress rectangle fills.
  */

  if (getInteger(&(color->red), MS_NUM_CHECK_RANGE, -255, 255) == -1) {
    if (msyystring_buffer[0] == '#' &&
        strlen(msyystring_buffer) == 7) { /* got a hex color */
      hex[0] = msyystring_buffer[1];
      hex[1] = msyystring_buffer[2];
      color->red = msHexToInt(hex);
      hex[0] = msyystring_buffer[3];
      hex[1] = msyystring_buffer[4];
      color->green = msHexToInt(hex);
      hex[0] = msyystring_buffer[5];
      hex[1] = msyystring_buffer[6];
      color->blue = msHexToInt(hex);
      color->alpha = 0;

      return (MS_SUCCESS);
    } else if (msyystring_buffer[0] == '#' &&
               strlen(msyystring_buffer) ==
                   9) { /* got a hex color with alpha */
      hex[0] = msyystring_buffer[1];
      hex[1] = msyystring_buffer[2];
      color->red = msHexToInt(hex);
      hex[0] = msyystring_buffer[3];
      hex[1] = msyystring_buffer[4];
      color->green = msHexToInt(hex);
      hex[0] = msyystring_buffer[5];
      hex[1] = msyystring_buffer[6];
      color->blue = msHexToInt(hex);
      hex[0] = msyystring_buffer[7];
      hex[1] = msyystring_buffer[8];
      color->alpha = msHexToInt(hex);
      return (MS_SUCCESS);
    }
    return (MS_FAILURE);
  }
  if (getInteger(&(color->green), MS_NUM_CHECK_RANGE, -255, 255) == -1)
    return (MS_FAILURE);
  if (getInteger(&(color->blue), MS_NUM_CHECK_RANGE, -255, 255) == -1)
    return (MS_FAILURE);
  if (getInteger(&(color->alpha), MS_NUM_CHECK_RANGE, 0, 255) == -1)
    return (MS_FAILURE);

  return (MS_SUCCESS);
}
#endif

/*
** Helper functions for writing mapfiles.
*/
static void writeLineFeed(FILE *stream) { msIO_fprintf(stream, "\n"); }

static void writeIndent(FILE *stream, int indent) {
  const char *str = "  "; /* change this string to define the indent */
  int i;
  for (i = 0; i < indent; i++)
    msIO_fprintf(stream, "%s", str);
}

static void writeBlockBegin(FILE *stream, int indent, const char *name) {
  writeIndent(stream, indent);
  msIO_fprintf(stream, "%s\n", name);
}

static void writeBlockEnd(FILE *stream, int indent, const char *name) {
  writeIndent(stream, indent);
  msIO_fprintf(stream, "END # %s\n", name);
}

static void writeKeyword(FILE *stream, int indent, const char *name, int value,
                         int size, ...) {
  va_list argp;
  int i, j = 0;
  const char *s;

  va_start(argp, size);
  while (j < size) { /* check each value/keyword mapping in the list, values
                        with no match are ignored */
    i = va_arg(argp, int);
    s = va_arg(argp, const char *);
    if (value == i) {
      writeIndent(stream, ++indent);
      msIO_fprintf(stream, "%s %s\n", name, s);
      va_end(argp);
      return;
    }
    j++;
  }
  va_end(argp);
}

static void writeDimension(FILE *stream, int indent, const char *name, double x,
                           double y, char *bind_x, char *bind_y) {
  writeIndent(stream, ++indent);
  if (bind_x)
    msIO_fprintf(stream, "%s [%s] ", name, bind_x);
  else
    msIO_fprintf(stream, "%s %.15g ", name, x);
  if (bind_y)
    msIO_fprintf(stream, "[%s]\n", bind_y);
  else
    msIO_fprintf(stream, "%.15g\n", y);
}

static void writeDoubleRange(FILE *stream, int indent, const char *name,
                             double x, double y) {
  writeIndent(stream, ++indent);
  msIO_fprintf(stream, "%s %f %f\n", name, x, y);
}

static void writeExtent(FILE *stream, int indent, const char *name,
                        rectObj extent) {
  if (!MS_VALID_EXTENT(extent))
    return;
  writeIndent(stream, ++indent);
  msIO_fprintf(stream, "%s %.15g %.15g %.15g %.15g\n", name, extent.minx,
               extent.miny, extent.maxx, extent.maxy);
}

static void writeNumber(FILE *stream, int indent, const char *name,
                        double defaultNumber, double number) {
  if (number == defaultNumber)
    return; /* don't output default */
  writeIndent(stream, ++indent);
  msIO_fprintf(stream, "%s %.15g\n", name, number);
}

static void writeCharacter(FILE *stream, int indent, const char *name,
                           const char defaultCharacter, char character) {
  if (defaultCharacter == character)
    return;
  writeIndent(stream, ++indent);
  msIO_fprintf(stream, "%s '%c'\n", name, character);
}

static void writeStringElement(FILE *stream, const char *string) {
  char *string_to_free = NULL;
  const char *string_escaped;

  if (strchr(string, '\\')) {
    string_to_free = msStrdup(string);
    string_to_free = msReplaceSubstring(string_to_free, "\\", "\\\\");
    string_escaped = string_to_free;
  } else {
    string_escaped = string;
  }
  if ((strchr(string_escaped, '\'') == NULL) &&
      (strchr(string_escaped, '\"') == NULL))
    msIO_fprintf(stream, "\"%s\"", string_escaped);
  else if ((strchr(string_escaped, '\"') != NULL) &&
           (strchr(string_escaped, '\'') == NULL))
    msIO_fprintf(stream, "'%s'", string_escaped);
  else if ((strchr(string_escaped, '\'') != NULL) &&
           (strchr(string_escaped, '\"') == NULL))
    msIO_fprintf(stream, "\"%s\"", string_escaped);
  else {
    char *string_tmp = msStringEscape(string_escaped);
    msIO_fprintf(stream, "\"%s\"", string_tmp);
    if (string_escaped != string_tmp)
      free(string_tmp);
  }
  if (string_to_free)
    free(string_to_free);
}

static void writeString(FILE *stream, int indent, const char *name,
                        const char *defaultString, const char *string) {
  if (!string)
    return;
  if (defaultString && strcmp(string, defaultString) == 0)
    return;
  writeIndent(stream, ++indent);
  if (name)
    msIO_fprintf(stream, "%s ", name);
  writeStringElement(stream, string);
  writeLineFeed(stream);
}

static void writeNumberOrString(FILE *stream, int indent, const char *name,
                                double defaultNumber, double number,
                                char *string) {
  if (string)
    writeString(stream, indent, name, NULL, string);
  else
    writeNumber(stream, indent, name, defaultNumber, number);
}

static void writeNumberOrKeyword(FILE *stream, int indent, const char *name,
                                 double defaultNumber, double number, int value,
                                 int size, ...) {
  va_list argp;
  int i, j = 0;
  const char *s;

  va_start(argp, size);
  while (j < size) { /* check each value/keyword mapping in the list */
    i = va_arg(argp, int);
    s = va_arg(argp, const char *);
    if (value == i) {
      writeIndent(stream, ++indent);
      msIO_fprintf(stream, "%s %s\n", name, s);
      va_end(argp);
      return;
    }
    j++;
  }
  va_end(argp);

  writeNumber(stream, indent, name, defaultNumber, number);
}

static void writeNameValuePair(FILE *stream, int indent, const char *name,
                               const char *value) {
  if (!name || !value)
    return;
  writeIndent(stream, ++indent);

  writeStringElement(stream, (char *)name);
  msIO_fprintf(stream, "\t");
  writeStringElement(stream, (char *)value);
  writeLineFeed(stream);
}

static void writeAttributeBinding(FILE *stream, int indent, const char *name,
                                  attributeBindingObj *binding) {
  if (!binding || !binding->item)
    return;
  writeIndent(stream, ++indent);
  msIO_fprintf(stream, "%s [%s]\n", name, binding->item);
}

static void writeColor(FILE *stream, int indent, const char *name,
                       colorObj *defaultColor, colorObj *color) {
  if (!defaultColor && !MS_VALID_COLOR(*color))
    return;
  else if (defaultColor && MS_COMPARE_COLOR(*defaultColor, *color))
    return; /* if defaultColor has the same value than the color, return.*/

  writeIndent(stream, ++indent);
#if ALPHACOLOR_ENABLED
  msIO_fprintf(stream, "%s %d %d %d\n", name, color->red, color->green,
               color->blue, color->alpha);
#else
  if (color->alpha != 255) {
    char buffer[9];
    sprintf(buffer, "%02x", color->red);
    sprintf(buffer + 2, "%02x", color->green);
    sprintf(buffer + 4, "%02x", color->blue);
    sprintf(buffer + 6, "%02x", color->alpha);
    *(buffer + 8) = 0;
    msIO_fprintf(stream, "%s \"#%s\"\n", name, buffer);
  } else {
    msIO_fprintf(stream, "%s %d %d %d\n", name, color->red, color->green,
                 color->blue);
  }
#endif
}

/* todo: deal with alpha's... */
static void writeColorRange(FILE *stream, int indent, const char *name,
                            colorObj *mincolor, colorObj *maxcolor) {
  if (!MS_VALID_COLOR(*mincolor) || !MS_VALID_COLOR(*maxcolor))
    return;
  writeIndent(stream, ++indent);
  msIO_fprintf(stream, "%s %d %d %d  %d %d %d\n", name, mincolor->red,
               mincolor->green, mincolor->blue, maxcolor->red, maxcolor->green,
               maxcolor->blue);
}

/*
** Initialize, load and free a single join
*/
void initJoin(joinObj *join) {
  join->numitems = 0;

  join->name = NULL; /* unique join name, used for variable substitution */

  join->items = NULL;  /* array to hold item names for the joined table */
  join->values = NULL; /* arrays of strings to holds one record worth of data */

  join->table = NULL;

  join->joininfo = NULL;

  join->from = NULL; /* join items */
  join->to = NULL;

  join->header = NULL;
  join->template = NULL; /* only html type templates are supported */
  join->footer = NULL;

  join->type = MS_JOIN_ONE_TO_ONE;

  join->connection = NULL;
  join->connectiontype = MS_DB_XBASE;
}

void freeJoin(joinObj *join) {
  msFree(join->name);
  msFree(join->table);
  msFree(join->from);
  msFree(join->to);

  msFree(join->header);
  msFree(join->template);
  msFree(join->footer);

  msFreeCharArray(join->items,
                  join->numitems); /* these may have been free'd elsewhere */
  msFreeCharArray(join->values, join->numitems);
  join->numitems = 0;

  msJoinClose(join);
  msFree(join->connection);
}

int loadJoin(joinObj *join) {
  int nTmp;
  initJoin(join);

  for (;;) {
    switch (msyylex()) {
    case (CONNECTION):
      if (getString(&join->connection) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (CONNECTIONTYPE):
      if ((nTmp = getSymbol(5, MS_DB_XBASE, MS_DB_MYSQL, MS_DB_ORACLE,
                            MS_DB_POSTGRES, MS_DB_CSV)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      join->connectiontype = nTmp;
      break;
    case (EOF):
      msSetError(MS_EOFERR, NULL, "loadJoin()");
      return (-1);
    case (END):
      if ((join->from == NULL) || (join->to == NULL) || (join->table == NULL)) {
        msSetError(MS_EOFERR,
                   "Join must define table, name, from and to properties.",
                   "loadJoin()");
        return (-1);
      }
      if ((join->type == MS_MULTIPLE) &&
          ((join->template == NULL) || (join->name == NULL))) {
        msSetError(
            MS_EOFERR,
            "One-to-many joins must define template and name properties.",
            "loadJoin()");
        return (-1);
      }
      return (0);
    case (FOOTER):
      if (getString(&join->footer) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (FROM):
      if (getString(&join->from) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (HEADER):
      if (getString(&join->header) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (JOIN):
      break; /* for string loads */
    case (NAME):
      if (getString(&join->name) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (TABLE):
      if (getString(&join->table) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (TEMPLATE):
      if (getString(&join->template) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (TO):
      if (getString(&join->to) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (TYPE):
      if ((nTmp = getSymbol(2, MS_JOIN_ONE_TO_ONE, MS_JOIN_ONE_TO_MANY)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      join->type = nTmp;
      break;
    default:
      msSetError(MS_IDENTERR, "Parsing error near (%s):(line %d)", "loadJoin()",
                 msyystring_buffer, msyylineno);
      return (-1);
    }
  } /* next token */
}

static void writeScaleToken(FILE *stream, int indent, scaleTokenObj *token) {
  int i;
  indent++;
  writeBlockBegin(stream, indent, "SCALETOKEN");
  writeString(stream, indent, "NAME", NULL, token->name);
  indent++;
  writeBlockBegin(stream, indent, "VALUES");
  for (i = 0; i < token->n_entries; i++) {
    char minscale[32];
    sprintf(minscale, "%g", token->tokens[i].minscale);
    writeNameValuePair(stream, indent, minscale, token->tokens[i].value);
  }
  writeBlockEnd(stream, indent, "VALUES");
  indent--;
  writeBlockEnd(stream, indent, "SCALETOKEN");
}

static void writeJoin(FILE *stream, int indent, joinObj *join) {
  indent++;
  writeBlockBegin(stream, indent, "JOIN");
  writeString(stream, indent, "FOOTER", NULL, join->footer);
  writeString(stream, indent, "FROM", NULL, join->from);
  writeString(stream, indent, "HEADER", NULL, join->header);
  writeString(stream, indent, "NAME", NULL, join->name);
  writeString(stream, indent, "TABLE", NULL, join->table);
  writeString(stream, indent, "TEMPLATE", NULL, join->template);
  writeString(stream, indent, "TO", NULL, join->to);
  writeKeyword(stream, indent, "CONNECTIONTYPE", join->connectiontype, 3,
               MS_DB_CSV, "CSV", MS_DB_POSTGRES, "POSTGRESQL", MS_DB_MYSQL,
               "MYSQL");
  writeKeyword(stream, indent, "TYPE", join->type, 1, MS_JOIN_ONE_TO_MANY,
               "ONE-TO-MANY");
  writeBlockEnd(stream, indent, "JOIN");
}

/* inserts a feature at the end of the list, can create a new list */
featureListNodeObjPtr insertFeatureList(featureListNodeObjPtr *list,
                                        shapeObj *shape) {
  featureListNodeObjPtr node;

  node = (featureListNodeObjPtr)msSmallMalloc(sizeof(featureListNodeObj));

  msInitShape(&(node->shape));
  if (msCopyShape(shape, &(node->shape)) == -1) {
    msFree(node);
    return (NULL);
  }

  /* AJS - alans@wunderground.com O(n^2) -> O(n) conversion, keep a pointer to
   * the end */

  /* set the tailifhead to NULL, since it is only set for the head of the list
   */
  node->tailifhead = NULL;
  node->next = NULL;

  /* if we are at the head of the list, we need to set the list to node, before
   * pointing tailifhead somewhere  */
  if (*list == NULL) {
    *list = node;
  } else {
    if ((*list)->tailifhead !=
        NULL) /* this should never be NULL, but just in case */
      (*list)->tailifhead->next =
          node; /* put the node at the end of the list */
  }

  /* repoint the head of the list to the end  - our new element
     this causes a loop if we are at the head, be careful not to
     walk in a loop */
  (*list)->tailifhead = node;

  return (node); /* a pointer to last object in the list */
}

void freeFeatureList(featureListNodeObjPtr list) {
  featureListNodeObjPtr listNext = NULL;
  while (list != NULL) {
    listNext = list->next;
    msFreeShape(&(list->shape));
    msFree(list);
    list = listNext;
  }
}

/* lineObj = multipointObj */
static int loadFeaturePoints(lineObj *points) {
  int ret = -1;
  int buffer_size = 0;

  points->point = (pointObj *)malloc(sizeof(pointObj) * MS_FEATUREINITSIZE);
  MS_CHECK_ALLOC(points->point, sizeof(pointObj) * MS_FEATUREINITSIZE,
                 MS_FAILURE);
  points->numpoints = 0;
  buffer_size = MS_FEATUREINITSIZE;

  while (ret < 0) {
    switch (msyylex()) {
    case (EOF):
      msSetError(MS_EOFERR, NULL, "loadFeaturePoints()");
      ret = MS_FAILURE;
      break;
    case (END):
      ret = MS_SUCCESS;
      break;
    case (MS_NUMBER):
      if (points->numpoints == buffer_size) { /* just add it to the end */
        pointObj *newPoints = (pointObj *)realloc(
            points->point,
            sizeof(pointObj) * (buffer_size + MS_FEATUREINCREMENT));
        if (newPoints == NULL) {
          msSetError(MS_MEMERR, "%s: %d: Out of memory allocating %u bytes.\n",
                     __FUNCTION__, __FILE__, __LINE__,
                     (unsigned int)(sizeof(pointObj) *
                                    (buffer_size + MS_FEATUREINCREMENT)));
          ret = MS_FAILURE;
          break;
        }
        points->point = newPoints;
        buffer_size += MS_FEATUREINCREMENT;
      }

      points->point[points->numpoints].x = atof(msyystring_buffer);
      if (getDouble(&(points->point[points->numpoints].y), MS_NUM_CHECK_NONE,
                    -1, -1) == -1) {
        ret = MS_FAILURE;
        break;
      }
      points->numpoints++;
      break;
    default:
      msSetError(MS_IDENTERR, "Parsing error near (%s):(line %d)",
                 "loadFeaturePoints()", msyystring_buffer, msyylineno);
      ret = MS_FAILURE;
      break;
    }
  }

  if (ret == MS_FAILURE) {
    msFree(points->point); /* clean up */
    points->point = NULL;
    points->numpoints = 0;
  }
  return ret;
}

static int loadFeature(layerObj *player, int type) {
  int status = MS_SUCCESS;
  featureListNodeObjPtr *list = &(player->features);
  multipointObj points = {0, NULL};
  shapeObj *shape = NULL;

  shape = (shapeObj *)malloc(sizeof(shapeObj));
  MS_CHECK_ALLOC(shape, sizeof(shapeObj), MS_FAILURE);

  msInitShape(shape);
  shape->type = type;

  for (;;) {
    switch (msyylex()) {
    case (EOF):
      msSetError(MS_EOFERR, NULL, "loadFeature()");
      msFreeShape(shape); /* clean up */
      msFree(shape);
      return (MS_FAILURE);
    case (END):
      if (player->features != NULL && player->features->tailifhead != NULL)
        shape->index = player->features->tailifhead->shape.index + 1;
      else
        shape->index = 0;
      if (insertFeatureList(list, shape) == NULL)
        status = MS_FAILURE;

      msFreeShape(shape); /* clean up */
      msFree(shape);

      return (status);
    case (FEATURE):
      break; /* for string loads */
    case (POINTS):
      if (loadFeaturePoints(&points) == MS_FAILURE) {
        msFreeShape(shape); /* clean up */
        msFree(shape);
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      }
      status = msAddLine(shape, &points);

      msFree(points.point); /* clean up */
      points.numpoints = 0;

      if (status == MS_FAILURE) {
        msFreeShape(shape); /* clean up */
        msFree(shape);
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      }
      break;
    case (ITEMS): {
      char *string = NULL;
      if (getString(&string) == MS_FAILURE) {
        msFreeShape(shape); /* clean up */
        msFree(shape);
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      }
      if (string) {
        if (shape->values)
          msFreeCharArray(shape->values, shape->numvalues);
        shape->values = msStringSplitComplex(string, ";", &shape->numvalues,
                                             MS_ALLOWEMPTYTOKENS);
        msFree(string); /* clean up */
      }
      break;
    }
    case (TEXT):
      if (getString(&shape->text) == MS_FAILURE) {
        msFreeShape(shape); /* clean up */
        msFree(shape);
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      }
      break;
    case (WKT): {
      char *string = NULL;

      /* todo, what do we do with multiple WKT property occurrences? */

      msFreeShape(shape);
      msFree(shape);
      if (getString(&string) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (MS_FAILURE);

      if ((shape = msShapeFromWKT(string)) == NULL)
        status = MS_FAILURE;

      msFree(string); /* clean up */

      if (status == MS_FAILURE) {
        msFreeShape(shape); /* clean up */
        msFree(shape);
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      }
      break;
    }
    default:
      msSetError(MS_IDENTERR, "Parsing error near (%s):(line %d)",
                 "loadfeature()", msyystring_buffer, msyylineno);
      msFreeShape(shape); /* clean up */
      msFree(shape);
      return (MS_FAILURE);
    }
  } /* next token */
}

static void writeFeature(FILE *stream, int indent, shapeObj *feature) {
  int i, j;

  indent++;
  writeBlockBegin(stream, indent, "FEATURE");

  indent++;
  for (i = 0; i < feature->numlines; i++) {
    writeBlockBegin(stream, indent, "POINTS");
    for (j = 0; j < feature->line[i].numpoints; j++) {
      writeIndent(stream, indent);
      msIO_fprintf(stream, "%.15g %.15g\n", feature->line[i].point[j].x,
                   feature->line[i].point[j].y);
    }
    writeBlockEnd(stream, indent, "POINTS");
  }
  indent--;

  if (feature->numvalues) {
    writeIndent(stream, indent);
    msIO_fprintf(stream, "ITEMS \"");
    for (i = 0; i < feature->numvalues; i++) {
      if (i == 0)
        msIO_fprintf(stream, "%s", feature->values[i]);
      else
        msIO_fprintf(stream, ";%s", feature->values[i]);
    }
    msIO_fprintf(stream, "\"\n");
  }

  writeString(stream, indent, "TEXT", NULL, feature->text);
  writeBlockEnd(stream, indent, "FEATURE");
}

void initGrid(graticuleObj *pGraticule) {
  memset(pGraticule, 0, sizeof(graticuleObj));
}

void freeGrid(graticuleObj *pGraticule) {
  msFree(pGraticule->labelformat);
  msFree(pGraticule->pboundingpoints);
  msFree(pGraticule->pboundinglines);
}

static int loadGrid(layerObj *pLayer) {
  for (;;) {
    switch (msyylex()) {
    case (EOF):
      msSetError(MS_EOFERR, NULL, "loadGrid()");
      return (-1);
    case (END):
      return (0);
    case (GRID):
      break; /* for string loads */
    case (LABELFORMAT):
      if (getString(&(pLayer->grid->labelformat)) == MS_FAILURE) {
        if (strcasecmp(msyystring_buffer, "DD") ==
            0) /* DD triggers a symbol to be returned instead of a string so
                  check for this special case */
        {
          msFree(pLayer->grid->labelformat);
          pLayer->grid->labelformat = msStrdup("DD");
        } else
          return (-1);
      }
      break;
    case (MINARCS):
      if (getDouble(&(pLayer->grid->minarcs), MS_NUM_CHECK_GT, 0, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (MAXARCS):
      if (getDouble(&(pLayer->grid->maxarcs), MS_NUM_CHECK_GT, 0, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (MININTERVAL):
      if (getDouble(&(pLayer->grid->minincrement), MS_NUM_CHECK_GT, 0, -1) ==
          -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (MAXINTERVAL):
      if (getDouble(&(pLayer->grid->maxincrement), MS_NUM_CHECK_GT, 0, -1) ==
          -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (MINSUBDIVIDE):
      if (getDouble(&(pLayer->grid->minsubdivides), MS_NUM_CHECK_GT, 0, -1) ==
          -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (MAXSUBDIVIDE):
      if (getDouble(&(pLayer->grid->maxsubdivides), MS_NUM_CHECK_GT, 0, -1) ==
          -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    default:
      msSetError(MS_IDENTERR, "Parsing error near (%s):(line %d)", "loadGrid()",
                 msyystring_buffer, msyylineno);
      return (-1);
    }
  }
}

static void writeGrid(FILE *stream, int indent, graticuleObj *pGraticule) {
  if (!pGraticule)
    return;

  indent++;
  writeBlockBegin(stream, indent, "GRID");
  writeString(stream, indent, "LABELFORMAT", NULL, pGraticule->labelformat);
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "MAXARCS", 0, pGraticule->maxarcs);
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "MAXSUBDIVIDE", 0, pGraticule->maxsubdivides);
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "MAXINTERVAL", 0, pGraticule->maxincrement);
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "MINARCS", 0, pGraticule->minarcs);
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "MININTERVAL", 0, pGraticule->minincrement);
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "MINSUBDIVIDE", 0, pGraticule->minsubdivides);
  writeBlockEnd(stream, indent, "GRID");
}

static int loadProjection(projectionObj *p, mapObj *map) {
  p->gt.need_geotransform = MS_FALSE;

  if (p->proj != NULL || p->numargs != 0) {
    msSetError(MS_MISCERR,
               "Projection is already initialized. Multiple projection "
               "definitions are not allowed in this object. (line %d)",
               "loadProjection()", msyylineno);
    return (-1);
  }

  for (;;) {
    switch (msyylex()) {
    case (EOF):
      msSetError(MS_EOFERR, NULL, "loadProjection()");
      return (-1);
    case (END):
      if (p->numargs == 1 && strstr(p->args[0], "+") != NULL) {
        char *one_line_def = p->args[0];
        int result;

        p->args[0] = NULL;
        p->numargs = 0;
        result = msLoadProjectionString(p, one_line_def);
        free(one_line_def);
        return result;
      } else {
        if (p->numargs != 0) {
          if (map && map->numlayers > 0) {
            layerObj *prevLayer = GET_LAYER(map, map->numlayers - 1);
            if (prevLayer->projection.numargs == p->numargs) {
              bool same = true;
              for (int i = 0; i < p->numargs; ++i) {
                if (strcmp(p->args[i], prevLayer->projection.args[i]) != 0) {
                  same = false;
                  break;
                }
              }
              if (same) {
                return msCloneProjectionFrom(p, &(prevLayer->projection));
              }
            }
          }

          return msProcessProjection(p);
        } else
          return 0;
      }
      break;
    case (MS_STRING):
    case (MS_AUTO):
      if (p->numargs == MS_MAXPROJARGS) {
        msSetError(MS_MISCERR,
                   "Parsing error near (%s):(line %d): Too many arguments in "
                   "projection string",
                   "loadProjection()", msyystring_buffer, msyylineno);
        return -1;
      }
      p->args[p->numargs] = msStrdup(msyystring_buffer);
      p->numargs++;
      break;
    default:
      msSetError(MS_IDENTERR, "Parsing error near (%s):(line %d)",
                 "loadProjection()", msyystring_buffer, msyylineno);
      return (-1);
    }
  } /* next token */
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                     msLoadProjectionStringEPSGLike                   */
/************************************************************************/

static int msLoadProjectionStringEPSGLike(projectionObj *p, const char *value,
                                          const char *pszPrefix,
                                          int bFollowEPSGAxisOrder) {
  size_t buffer_size = 0;
  char *init_string = NULL;
  const char *code;
  const char *next_sep;
  size_t prefix_len;

  prefix_len = strlen(pszPrefix);
  if (strncasecmp(value, pszPrefix, prefix_len) != 0)
    return -1;

  code = value + prefix_len;
  next_sep = strchr(code, pszPrefix[prefix_len - 1]);
  if (next_sep != NULL)
    code = next_sep + 1;

  buffer_size = 10 + strlen(code) + 1;
  init_string = (char *)msSmallMalloc(buffer_size);

  /* translate into PROJ.4 format. */
  snprintf(init_string, buffer_size, "init=epsg:%s", code);

  p->args = (char **)msSmallMalloc(sizeof(char *) * 2);
  p->args[0] = init_string;
  p->numargs = 1;

  if (bFollowEPSGAxisOrder && msIsAxisInverted(atoi(code))) {
    p->args[1] = msStrdup("+epsgaxis=ne");
    p->numargs = 2;
  }

  return 0;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                     msLoadProjectionStringCRSLike                    */
/************************************************************************/

static int msLoadProjectionStringCRSLike(projectionObj *p, const char *value,
                                         const char *pszPrefix) {
  char init_string[100];
  const char *id;
  const char *next_sep;
  size_t prefix_len;

  prefix_len = strlen(pszPrefix);
  if (strncasecmp(value, pszPrefix, prefix_len) != 0)
    return -1;

  id = value + prefix_len;
  next_sep = strchr(id, pszPrefix[prefix_len - 1]);
  if (next_sep != NULL)
    id = next_sep + 1;

  init_string[0] = '\0';

  if (strcasecmp(id, "84") == 0 || strcasecmp(id, "CRS84") == 0)
    strncpy(init_string, "init=epsg:4326", sizeof(init_string));
  else if (strcasecmp(id, "83") == 0 || strcasecmp(id, "CRS83") == 0)
    strncpy(init_string, "init=epsg:4269", sizeof(init_string));
  else if (strcasecmp(id, "27") == 0 || strcasecmp(id, "CRS27") == 0)
    strncpy(init_string, "init=epsg:4267", sizeof(init_string));
  else {
    msSetError(MS_PROJERR, "Unrecognised OGC CRS def '%s'.",
               "msLoadProjectionString()", value);
    return -1;
  }

  p->args = (char **)msSmallMalloc(sizeof(char *) * 2);
  p->args[0] = msStrdup(init_string);
  p->numargs = 1;

  return 0;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         msLoadProjectionStringEPSG                   */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Checks for EPSG type projection and set the axes for a          */
/*      certain code ranges.                                            */
/*      Use for now in WMS 1.3.0 and WFS >= 1.1.0                       */
/************************************************************************/
int msLoadProjectionStringEPSG(projectionObj *p, const char *value) {
  assert(p);

  msFreeProjectionExceptContext(p);

  p->gt.need_geotransform = MS_FALSE;
#ifdef USE_PROJ_FASTPATHS
  if (strcasestr(value, "epsg:4326")) {
    p->wellknownprojection = wkp_lonlat;
  } else if (strcasestr(value, "epsg:3857")) {
    p->wellknownprojection = wkp_gmerc;
  } else {
    p->wellknownprojection = wkp_none;
  }
#endif

  if (msLoadProjectionStringEPSGLike(p, value, "EPSG:", MS_TRUE) == 0) {
    return msProcessProjection(p);
  }

  return msLoadProjectionString(p, value);
}

/* Extract AUTHORITY<sep>version<sep>CODE from a string, to
** create AUTHORITY:CODE and pas this to msLoadProjectionString().
** For example:
**   ESRI/0/53009 to ESRI:53009
**   ESRI::53009  to ESRI:53009
** sep_char is '/' for URIs and ':' for URNs.
** Returns 0 on success, -1 if the string could not be parsed. */
static int msLoadProjectionStringGenericCRS(projectionObj *p,
                                            const char *p_auth, char sep_char) {
  const char *sep = strchr(p_auth, sep_char);
  if (sep == NULL)
    return -1;

  char auth[64] = {0};
  size_t authlen = sep - p_auth;
  if (authlen == 0 || authlen >= sizeof(auth))
    return -1;

  strlcpy(auth, p_auth, authlen + 1);

  /* skip version field (as it may be empty, e.g. ESRI::53009 or ESRI/0/53009)
   */
  const char *p_code = sep + 1;
  sep = strchr(p_code, sep_char);
  if (sep != NULL)
    p_code = sep + 1;

  if (*p_code == '\0')
    return -1;

  char authcode[128] = {0};
  snprintf(authcode, sizeof(authcode), "%s:%s", auth, p_code);
  return msLoadProjectionString(p, authcode);
}

int msLoadProjectionString(projectionObj *p, const char *value) {
  assert(p);
  p->gt.need_geotransform = MS_FALSE;

  msFreeProjectionExceptContext(p);

  /* Known OGC/ISO authorities that PROJ 6+ supports directly without
  ** init= prefix. Anything not in this list (e.g. custom init files
  ** like epsg2, nad27) will use the init= prefix instead. */
  static const char *const validAuthorities[] = {
      "EPSG", "ESRI", "IAU_2015", "IGNF", "NKG", "OGC", NULL};

  if (value[0] == '+') {
    /* Handle new style definitions e.g. "+proj=utm +zone=11 +ellps=WGS84" */
    char *trimmed;
    int i, i_out = 0;

    trimmed = msStrdup(value + 1);
    for (i = 1; value[i] != '\0'; i++) {
      if (!isspace(value[i]))
        trimmed[i_out++] = value[i];
    }
    trimmed[i_out] = '\0';

    p->args = msStringSplit(trimmed, '+', &p->numargs);
    free(trimmed);
  } else if (strncasecmp(value, "AUTO:", 5) == 0 ||
             strncasecmp(value, "AUTO2:", 6) == 0) {
    /* WMS/WFS AUTO projection: "AUTO:proj_id,units_id,lon0,lat0" */
    /* WMS 1.3.0 projection: "AUTO2:auto_crs_id,factor,lon0,lat0" */
    /* Keep the projection defn into a single token for writeProjection() */
    /* to work fine. */
    p->args = (char **)msSmallMalloc(sizeof(char *));
    p->args[0] = msStrdup(value);
    p->numargs = 1;
  } else if (msLoadProjectionStringEPSGLike(p, value, "EPSG:", MS_FALSE) == 0) {
    /* Assume long/lat ordering. Use msLoadProjectionStringEPSG() if wanting to
     * follow EPSG axis */
  } else if (msLoadProjectionStringEPSGLike(
                 p, value, "urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG:", MS_TRUE) == 0) {
  } else if (msLoadProjectionStringEPSGLike(
                 p, value, "urn:EPSG:geographicCRS:", MS_TRUE) == 0) {
  } else if (msLoadProjectionStringEPSGLike(
                 p, value, "urn:x-ogc:def:crs:EPSG:", MS_TRUE) == 0) {
    /*this case is to account for OGC CITE tests where x-ogc was used
      before the ogc name became an official NID. Note also we also account
      for the fact that a space for the version of the espg is not used with
      CITE tests. (Syntax used could be urn:ogc:def:objectType:authority:code)*/
  } else if (msLoadProjectionStringCRSLike(p, value, "urn:ogc:def:crs:OGC:") ==
             0) {
  } else if (msLoadProjectionStringEPSGLike(
                 p, value, "http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/", MS_TRUE) ==
             0) {
    /* URI projection support. Kept separate from the generic URI handler
    ** below because MS_TRUE enforces correct EPSG axis ordering. */
  } else if (msLoadProjectionStringCRSLike(
                 p, value, "http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/OGC/") == 0) {
    /* Mandatory support for this URI format specified in WFS1.1 (also in 1.0?)
     */
  } else if (strncasecmp(value, "http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/", 31) == 0) {
    /* Generic URI handler for non-EPSG/OGC authorities
    ** in the format http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/AUTHORITY/version/CODE
    ** e.g. http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/ESRI/0/53009
    ** EPSG and OGC are handled above due to axis order and CRS identifier
    ** special cases.
    */
    return msLoadProjectionStringGenericCRS(p, value + 31, '/');
  } else if (msLoadProjectionStringEPSGLike(
                 p, value, "http://www.opengis.net/gml/srs/epsg.xml#",
                 MS_FALSE) == 0) {
    /* We assume always long/lat ordering, as that is what GeoServer does...  */
  } else if (msLoadProjectionStringCRSLike(p, value, "CRS:") == 0) {
  } else if (strncasecmp(value, "urn:ogc:def:crs:", 16) == 0) {
    /* Generic URN handler for non-EPSG/OGC authorities e.g.
     *urn:ogc:def:crs:ESRI::53009
     ** Format is urn:ogc:def:crs:AUTHORITY:version:CODE where version may be
     *empty
     */
    return msLoadProjectionStringGenericCRS(p, value + 16, ':');
  } else if (strchr(value, ':') != NULL &&
             strncasecmp(value, "init=", 5) != 0) {
    /* Handle AUTHORITY:CODE pattern e.g. ESRI:54030, IAU:2015:30100,
    ** epsg2:42304. Check if authority is in the known list - if so pass
    ** directly to PROJ 6+, otherwise prepend init= for file-based
    ** references and legacy PROJ 4. */
    const char *sep = strchr(value, ':');
    char authUpper[64] = {0};
    size_t authlen = sep - value;
    bool knownAuthority = false;
    if (authlen < sizeof(authUpper)) {
      strlcpy(authUpper, value, authlen + 1);
      for (size_t i = 0; authUpper[i]; i++)
        authUpper[i] = (char)toupper((unsigned char)authUpper[i]);
      for (int i = 0; validAuthorities[i] != NULL; i++) {
        if (strcmp(authUpper, validAuthorities[i]) == 0) {
          knownAuthority = true;
          break;
        }
      }
    }
    if (knownAuthority) {
      /* PROJ 6+ handles known authorities directly */
      p->args = (char **)msSmallMalloc(sizeof(char *));
      p->args[0] = msStrdup(value);
      p->numargs = 1;
    } else {
      /* Prepend init= for file-based or legacy PROJ 4 references */
      const size_t buffer_size = strlen("init=") + strlen(value) + 1;
      char *init_string = (char *)msSmallMalloc(buffer_size);
      snprintf(init_string, buffer_size, "init=%s", value);
      p->args = (char **)msSmallMalloc(sizeof(char *));
      p->args[0] = init_string;
      p->numargs = 1;
    }
  } else {
    /* Handle old style comma delimited e.g. "proj=utm,zone=11,ellps=WGS84" */
    p->args = msStringSplit(value, ',', &p->numargs);
  }

  return msProcessProjection(p);
}

static void writeProjection(FILE *stream, int indent, projectionObj *p) {
  int i;

  if (!p || p->numargs <= 0)
    return;
  indent++;
  writeBlockBegin(stream, indent, "PROJECTION");
  for (i = 0; i < p->numargs; i++)
    writeString(stream, indent, NULL, NULL, p->args[i]);
  writeBlockEnd(stream, indent, "PROJECTION");
}

void initLeader(labelLeaderObj *leader) {
  leader->gridstep = 5;
  leader->maxdistance = 0;

  /* Set maxstyles = 0, styles[] will be allocated as needed on first call
   * to msGrowLabelLeaderStyles()
   */
  leader->numstyles = leader->maxstyles = 0;
  leader->styles = NULL;
}

/*
** Initialize, load and free a labelObj structure
*/
void initLabel(labelObj *label) {
  int i;

  MS_REFCNT_INIT(label);

  label->align = MS_ALIGN_DEFAULT;
  MS_INIT_COLOR(label->color, 0, 0, 0, 255);
  MS_INIT_COLOR(label->outlinecolor, -1, -1, -1, 255); /* don't use it */
  label->outlinewidth = 1;

  MS_INIT_COLOR(label->shadowcolor, -1, -1, -1, 255); /* don't use it */
  label->shadowsizex = label->shadowsizey = 1;

  label->font = NULL;
  label->size = MS_MEDIUM;

  label->position = MS_CC;
  label->angle = 0;
  label->anglemode = MS_NONE;
  label->minsize = MS_MINFONTSIZE;
  label->maxsize = MS_MAXFONTSIZE;
  label->buffer = 0;
  label->offsetx = label->offsety = 0;
  label->minscaledenom = -1;
  label->maxscaledenom = -1;
  label->minfeaturesize = -1; /* no limit */
  label->autominfeaturesize = MS_FALSE;
  label->mindistance = -1;       /* no limit */
  label->repeatdistance = 0;     /* no repeat */
  label->maxoverlapangle = 22.5; /* default max overlap angle */
  label->partials = MS_FALSE;
  label->wrap = '\0';
  label->maxlength = 0;
  label->space_size_10 = 0.0;

  label->encoding = NULL;

  label->force = MS_OFF;
  label->priority = MS_DEFAULT_LABEL_PRIORITY;

  /* Set maxstyles = 0, styles[] will be allocated as needed on first call
   * to msGrowLabelStyles()
   */
  label->numstyles = label->maxstyles = 0;
  label->styles = NULL;

  label->numbindings = 0;
  label->nexprbindings = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < MS_LABEL_BINDING_LENGTH; i++) {
    label->bindings[i].item = NULL;
    label->bindings[i].index = -1;
    msInitExpression(&(label->exprBindings[i]));
  }

  msInitExpression(&(label->expression));
  msInitExpression(&(label->text));

  label->leader = NULL;

  label->sizeunits = MS_INHERIT;
  label->scalefactor = 1.0;

  return;
}

int freeLabelLeader(labelLeaderObj *leader) {
  int i;
  for (i = 0; i < leader->numstyles; i++) {
    if (freeStyle(leader->styles[i]) == MS_SUCCESS) {
      msFree(leader->styles[i]);
    }
  }
  msFree(leader->styles);

  return MS_SUCCESS;
}
int freeLabel(labelObj *label) {
  int i;

  if (MS_REFCNT_DECR_IS_NOT_ZERO(label)) {
    return MS_FAILURE;
  }

  msFree(label->font);
  msFree(label->encoding);

  for (i = 0; i < label->numstyles; i++) { /* each style */
    if (label->styles[i] != NULL) {
      if (freeStyle(label->styles[i]) == MS_SUCCESS) {
        msFree(label->styles[i]);
      }
    }
  }
  msFree(label->styles);

  for (i = 0; i < MS_LABEL_BINDING_LENGTH; i++) {
    msFree(label->bindings[i].item);
    msFreeExpression(&(label->exprBindings[i]));
  }

  msFreeExpression(&(label->expression));
  msFreeExpression(&(label->text));

  if (label->leader) {
    freeLabelLeader(label->leader);
    msFree(label->leader);
    label->leader = NULL;
  }

  return MS_SUCCESS;
}

static int loadLeader(labelLeaderObj *leader) {
  for (;;) {
    switch (msyylex()) {
    case (END):
      return (0);
      break;
    case (EOF):
      msSetError(MS_EOFERR, NULL, "loadLeader()");
      return (-1);
    case GRIDSTEP:
      if (getInteger(&(leader->gridstep), MS_NUM_CHECK_GT, 0, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case MAXDISTANCE:
      if (getInteger(&(leader->maxdistance), MS_NUM_CHECK_GT, 0, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case STYLE:
      if (msGrowLeaderStyles(leader) == NULL)
        return (-1);
      initStyle(leader->styles[leader->numstyles]);
      if (loadStyle(leader->styles[leader->numstyles]) != MS_SUCCESS) {
        freeStyle(leader->styles[leader->numstyles]);
        free(leader->styles[leader->numstyles]);
        leader->styles[leader->numstyles] = NULL;
        return -1;
      }
      leader->numstyles++;
      break;
    default:
      if (strlen(msyystring_buffer) > 0) {
        msSetError(MS_IDENTERR, "Parsing error near (%s):(line %d)",
                   "loadLeader()", msyystring_buffer, msyylineno);
        return (-1);
      } else {
        return (0); /* end of a string, not an error */
      }
    }
  }
}

static int loadLabel(labelObj *label) {
  int symbol;

  for (;;) {
    switch (msyylex()) {
    case (ANGLE):
      if ((symbol = getSymbol(5, MS_NUMBER, MS_AUTO, MS_AUTO2, MS_FOLLOW,
                              MS_BINDING)) == -1)
        return (-1);

      if (symbol == MS_NUMBER) {
        if (msCheckNumber(msyynumber, MS_NUM_CHECK_RANGE, -360.0, 360.0) ==
            MS_FAILURE) {
          msSetError(MS_MISCERR,
                     "Invalid ANGLE, must be between -360 and 360 (line %d)",
                     "loadLabel()", msyylineno);
          return (MS_FAILURE);
        }
        label->angle = (double)msyynumber;
      } else if (symbol == MS_BINDING) {
        if (label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_ANGLE].item != NULL)
          msFree(label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_ANGLE].item);
        label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_ANGLE].item =
            msStrdup(msyystring_buffer);
        label->numbindings++;
      } else {
        label->anglemode = symbol;
      }
      break;
    case (ALIGN):
      if ((symbol = getSymbol(4, MS_ALIGN_LEFT, MS_ALIGN_CENTER, MS_ALIGN_RIGHT,
                              MS_BINDING)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      if ((symbol == MS_ALIGN_LEFT) || (symbol == MS_ALIGN_CENTER) ||
          (symbol == MS_ALIGN_RIGHT)) {
        label->align = symbol;
      } else {
        if (label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_ALIGN].item != NULL)
          msFree(label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_ALIGN].item);
        label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_ALIGN].item =
            msStrdup(msyystring_buffer);
        label->numbindings++;
      }
      break;
    case (ANTIALIAS): /*ignore*/
      msyylex();
      break;
    case (BUFFER):
      if (getInteger(&(label->buffer), MS_NUM_CHECK_NONE, -1, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (COLOR):
      if (loadColor(&(label->color),
                    &(label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_COLOR])) != MS_SUCCESS)
        return (-1);
      if (label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_COLOR].item)
        label->numbindings++;
      break;
    case (ENCODING):
      if ((getString(&label->encoding)) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (END):
      return (0);
      break;
    case (EOF):
      msSetError(MS_EOFERR, NULL, "loadLabel()");
      return (-1);
    case (EXPRESSION):
      if (loadExpression(&(label->expression)) == -1)
        return (-1); /* loadExpression() cleans up previously allocated
                        expression */
      break;
    case (FONT):
      if ((symbol = getSymbol(2, MS_STRING, MS_BINDING)) == -1)
        return (-1);

      if (symbol == MS_STRING) {
        if (label->font != NULL)
          msFree(label->font);
        label->font = msStrdup(msyystring_buffer);
      } else {
        if (label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_FONT].item != NULL)
          msFree(label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_FONT].item);
        label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_FONT].item =
            msStrdup(msyystring_buffer);
        label->numbindings++;
      }
      break;
    case (FORCE):
      switch (msyylex()) {
      case MS_ON:
        label->force = MS_ON;
        break;
      case MS_OFF:
        label->force = MS_OFF;
        break;
      case GROUP:
        label->force = MS_LABEL_FORCE_GROUP;
        break;
      default:
        msSetError(MS_MISCERR,
                   "Invalid FORCE, must be ON,OFF,or GROUP (line %d)",
                   "loadLabel()", msyylineno);
        return (-1);
      }
      break;
    case (LABEL):
      break; /* for string loads */
    case (LEADER):
      msSetError(MS_MISCERR,
                 "LABEL LEADER not implemented. LEADER goes at the CLASS level "
                 "(line %d)",
                 "loadLabel()", msyylineno);
      return (-1);
    case (MAXSIZE):
      if (getInteger(&(label->maxsize), MS_NUM_CHECK_GT, 0, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (MAXSCALEDENOM):
      if (getDouble(&(label->maxscaledenom), MS_NUM_CHECK_GTE, 0, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (MAXLENGTH):
      if (getInteger(&(label->maxlength), MS_NUM_CHECK_GT, 0, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (MINDISTANCE):
      if (getInteger(&(label->mindistance), MS_NUM_CHECK_GT, 0, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (REPEATDISTANCE):
      if (getInteger(&(label->repeatdistance), MS_NUM_CHECK_GT, 0, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (MAXOVERLAPANGLE):
      if (getDouble(&(label->maxoverlapangle), MS_NUM_CHECK_RANGE, 0, 360) ==
          -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (MINFEATURESIZE):
      if ((symbol = getSymbol(2, MS_NUMBER, MS_AUTO)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      if (symbol == MS_NUMBER) {
        if (msCheckNumber(msyynumber, MS_NUM_CHECK_GT, 0, -1) == MS_FAILURE) {
          msSetError(MS_MISCERR,
                     "Invalid MINFEATURESIZE, must be greater than 0 (line %d)",
                     "loadLabel()", msyylineno);
          return (MS_FAILURE);
        }
        label->minfeaturesize = (int)msyynumber;
      } else
        label->autominfeaturesize = MS_TRUE;
      break;
    case (MINSCALEDENOM):
      if (getDouble(&(label->minscaledenom), MS_NUM_CHECK_GTE, 0, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (MINSIZE):
      if (getInteger(&(label->minsize), MS_NUM_CHECK_GT, 0, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (OFFSET):
      if ((symbol = getSymbol(2, MS_NUMBER, MS_BINDING)) == -1)
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      if (symbol == MS_NUMBER)
        label->offsetx = (int)msyynumber; // any integer ok
      else {
        if (label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_OFFSET_X].item != NULL)
          msFree(label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_OFFSET_X].item);
        label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_OFFSET_X].item =
            msStrdup(msyystring_buffer);
        label->numbindings++;
      }

      if ((symbol = getSymbol(2, MS_NUMBER, MS_BINDING)) == -1)
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      if (symbol == MS_NUMBER)
        label->offsety = (int)msyynumber; // any integer ok
      else {
        if (label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_OFFSET_Y].item != NULL)
          msFree(label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_OFFSET_Y].item);
        label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_OFFSET_Y].item =
            msStrdup(msyystring_buffer);
        label->numbindings++;
      }
      break;
    case (OUTLINECOLOR):
      if (loadColor(&(label->outlinecolor),
                    &(label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_OUTLINECOLOR])) !=
          MS_SUCCESS)
        return (-1);
      if (label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_OUTLINECOLOR].item)
        label->numbindings++;
      break;
    case (OUTLINEWIDTH):
      if (getInteger(&(label->outlinewidth), MS_NUM_CHECK_GT, 0, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (PARTIALS):
      if ((label->partials = getSymbol(2, MS_TRUE, MS_FALSE)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (POSITION):
      if ((label->position =
               getSymbol(11, MS_UL, MS_UC, MS_UR, MS_CL, MS_CC, MS_CR, MS_LL,
                         MS_LC, MS_LR, MS_AUTO, MS_BINDING)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      if (label->position == MS_BINDING) {
        if (label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_POSITION].item != NULL)
          msFree(label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_POSITION].item);
        label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_POSITION].item =
            msStrdup(msyystring_buffer);
        label->numbindings++;
      }
      break;
    case (PRIORITY):
      if (label->exprBindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_PRIORITY].string) {
        msFreeExpression(&label->exprBindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_PRIORITY]);
        label->nexprbindings--;
      }

      if ((symbol = getSymbol(3, MS_EXPRESSION, MS_NUMBER, MS_BINDING)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      if (symbol == MS_NUMBER) {
        if (msCheckNumber(msyynumber, MS_NUM_CHECK_RANGE, 1,
                          MS_MAX_LABEL_PRIORITY) == MS_FAILURE) {
          msSetError(
              MS_MISCERR,
              "Invalid PRIORITY, must be an integer between 1 and %d (line %d)",
              "loadLabel()", MS_MAX_LABEL_PRIORITY, msyylineno);
          return (-1);
        }
        label->priority = (int)msyynumber;
      } else if (symbol == MS_EXPRESSION) {
        msFree(label->exprBindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_PRIORITY].string);
        label->exprBindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_PRIORITY].string =
            msStrdup(msyystring_buffer);
        label->exprBindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_PRIORITY].type = MS_EXPRESSION;
        label->nexprbindings++;
      } else {
        if (label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_PRIORITY].item != NULL)
          msFree(label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_PRIORITY].item);
        label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_PRIORITY].item =
            msStrdup(msyystring_buffer);
        label->numbindings++;
      }
      break;
    case (SHADOWCOLOR):
      if (loadColor(&(label->shadowcolor), NULL) != MS_SUCCESS)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (SHADOWSIZE):
      if ((symbol = getSymbol(2, MS_NUMBER, MS_BINDING)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      if (symbol == MS_NUMBER) {
        label->shadowsizex = (int)msyynumber; // x offset, any int ok
      } else {
        if (label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_SHADOWSIZEX].item != NULL)
          msFree(label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_SHADOWSIZEX].item);
        label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_SHADOWSIZEX].item =
            msStrdup(msyystring_buffer);
        label->numbindings++;
      }

      if ((symbol = getSymbol(2, MS_NUMBER, MS_BINDING)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      if (symbol == MS_NUMBER) {
        label->shadowsizey = (int)msyynumber; // y offset, any int ok
      } else {
        if (label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_SHADOWSIZEY].item != NULL)
          msFree(label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_SHADOWSIZEY].item);
        label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_SHADOWSIZEY].item =
            msStrdup(msyystring_buffer);
        label->numbindings++;
      }
      break;
    case (SIZE):
      if (label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_SIZE].item) {
        msFree(label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_SIZE].item);
        label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_SIZE].item = NULL;
        label->numbindings--;
      }
      if (label->exprBindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_SIZE].string) {
        msFreeExpression(&label->exprBindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_SIZE]);
        label->nexprbindings--;
      }

      if ((symbol = getSymbol(8, MS_EXPRESSION, MS_NUMBER, MS_BINDING, MS_TINY,
                              MS_SMALL, MS_MEDIUM, MS_LARGE, MS_GIANT)) == -1)
        return (-1);

      if (symbol == MS_NUMBER) {
        if (msCheckNumber(msyynumber, MS_NUM_CHECK_GT, 0, -1) == MS_FAILURE) {
          msSetError(MS_MISCERR,
                     "Invalid SIZE, must be greater than 0 (line %d)",
                     "loadLabel()", msyylineno);
          return (-1);
        }
        label->size = (double)msyynumber;
      } else if (symbol == MS_BINDING) {
        label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_SIZE].item =
            msStrdup(msyystring_buffer);
        label->numbindings++;
      } else if (symbol == MS_EXPRESSION) {
        msFree(label->exprBindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_SIZE].string);
        label->exprBindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_SIZE].string =
            msStrdup(msyystring_buffer);
        label->exprBindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_SIZE].type = MS_EXPRESSION;
        label->nexprbindings++;
      } else
        label->size = symbol;
      break;
    case (STYLE):
      if (msGrowLabelStyles(label) == NULL)
        return (-1);
      initStyle(label->styles[label->numstyles]);
      if (loadStyle(label->styles[label->numstyles]) != MS_SUCCESS) {
        freeStyle(label->styles[label->numstyles]);
        free(label->styles[label->numstyles]);
        label->styles[label->numstyles] = NULL;
        return (-1);
      }
      if (label->styles[label->numstyles]->_geomtransform.type ==
          MS_GEOMTRANSFORM_NONE)
        label->styles[label->numstyles]->_geomtransform.type =
            MS_GEOMTRANSFORM_LABELPOINT; /* set a default, a marker? */
      label->numstyles++;
      break;
    case (TEXT):
      if (loadExpression(&(label->text)) == -1)
        return (-1); /* loadExpression() cleans up previously allocated
                        expression */
      if ((label->text.type != MS_STRING) &&
          (label->text.type != MS_EXPRESSION)) {
        msSetError(
            MS_MISCERR,
            "Text expressions support constant or tagged replacement strings.",
            "loadLabel()");
        return (-1);
      }
      break;
    case (TYPE):
      if (getSymbol(2, MS_TRUETYPE, MS_BITMAP) == -1)
        return (-1); /* ignore TYPE */
      break;
    case (WRAP):
      if (getCharacter(&(label->wrap)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    default:
      if (strlen(msyystring_buffer) > 0) {
        msSetError(MS_IDENTERR, "Parsing error near (%s):(line %d)",
                   "loadLabel()", msyystring_buffer, msyylineno);
        return (-1);
      } else {
        return (0); /* end of a string, not an error */
      }
    }
  } /* next token */
}

int msUpdateLabelFromString(labelObj *label, char *string) {
  if (!label || !string)
    return MS_FAILURE;

  msAcquireLock(TLOCK_PARSER);

  msyystate = MS_TOKENIZE_STRING;
  msyystring = string;
  msyylex(); /* sets things up, but doesn't process any tokens */

  msyylineno = 1; /* start at line 1 */

  if (loadLabel(label) == -1) {
    msReleaseLock(TLOCK_PARSER);
    return MS_FAILURE; /* parse error */
    ;
  }

  msyylex_destroy();
  msReleaseLock(TLOCK_PARSER);
  return MS_SUCCESS;
}

static void writeLeader(FILE *stream, int indent, labelLeaderObj *leader) {
  int i;
  if (leader->maxdistance == 0 && leader->numstyles == 0) {
    return;
  }
  indent++;
  writeBlockBegin(stream, indent, "LEADER");
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "MAXDISTANCE", 0, leader->maxdistance);
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "GRIDSTEP", 5, leader->gridstep);
  for (i = 0; i < leader->numstyles; i++)
    writeStyle(stream, indent, leader->styles[i]);

  writeBlockEnd(stream, indent, "LEADER");
}

static void writeLabel(FILE *stream, int indent, labelObj *label) {
  int i;
  colorObj c;

  if (label->size == -1)
    return; /* there is no default label anymore */

  indent++;
  writeBlockBegin(stream, indent, "LABEL");

  if (label->numbindings > 0 && label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_ANGLE].item)
    writeAttributeBinding(stream, indent, "ANGLE",
                          &(label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_ANGLE]));
  else
    writeNumberOrKeyword(stream, indent, "ANGLE", 0, label->angle,
                         label->anglemode, 3, MS_FOLLOW, "FOLLOW", MS_AUTO,
                         "AUTO", MS_AUTO2, "AUTO2");

  writeExpression(stream, indent, "EXPRESSION", &(label->expression));

  if (label->numbindings > 0 && label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_FONT].item)
    writeAttributeBinding(stream, indent, "FONT",
                          &(label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_FONT]));
  else
    writeString(stream, indent, "FONT", NULL, label->font);

  writeNumber(stream, indent, "MAXSIZE", MS_MAXFONTSIZE, label->maxsize);
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "MINSIZE", MS_MINFONTSIZE, label->minsize);

  if (label->numbindings > 0 && label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_SIZE].item)
    writeAttributeBinding(stream, indent, "SIZE",
                          &(label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_SIZE]));
  else
    writeNumber(stream, indent, "SIZE", -1, label->size);

  writeKeyword(stream, indent, "ALIGN", label->align, 3, MS_ALIGN_LEFT, "LEFT",
               MS_ALIGN_CENTER, "CENTER", MS_ALIGN_RIGHT, "RIGHT");
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "BUFFER", 0, label->buffer);

  if (label->numbindings > 0 && label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_COLOR].item)
    writeAttributeBinding(stream, indent, "COLOR",
                          &(label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_COLOR]));
  else {
    MS_INIT_COLOR(c, 0, 0, 0, 255);
    writeColor(stream, indent, "COLOR", &c, &(label->color));
  }

  writeString(stream, indent, "ENCODING", NULL, label->encoding);
  if (label->leader)
    writeLeader(stream, indent, label->leader);
  writeKeyword(stream, indent, "FORCE", label->force, 2, MS_TRUE, "TRUE",
               MS_LABEL_FORCE_GROUP, "GROUP");
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "MAXLENGTH", 0, label->maxlength);
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "MAXSCALEDENOM", -1, label->maxscaledenom);
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "MINDISTANCE", -1, label->mindistance);
  writeNumberOrKeyword(stream, indent, "MINFEATURESIZE", -1,
                       label->minfeaturesize, 1, label->autominfeaturesize,
                       MS_TRUE, "AUTO");
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "MINSCALEDENOM", -1, label->minscaledenom);
  writeDimension(stream, indent, "OFFSET", label->offsetx, label->offsety, NULL,
                 NULL);

  if (label->numbindings > 0 &&
      label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_OUTLINECOLOR].item)
    writeAttributeBinding(stream, indent, "OUTLINECOLOR",
                          &(label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_OUTLINECOLOR]));
  else
    writeColor(stream, indent, "OUTLINECOLOR", NULL, &(label->outlinecolor));

  writeNumber(stream, indent, "OUTLINEWIDTH", 1, label->outlinewidth);
  writeKeyword(stream, indent, "PARTIALS", label->partials, 1, MS_TRUE, "TRUE");

  if (label->numbindings > 0 && label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_POSITION].item)
    writeAttributeBinding(stream, indent, "POSITION",
                          &(label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_POSITION]));
  else
    writeKeyword(stream, indent, "POSITION", label->position, 10, MS_UL, "UL",
                 MS_UC, "UC", MS_UR, "UR", MS_CL, "CL", MS_CC, "CC", MS_CR,
                 "CR", MS_LL, "LL", MS_LC, "LC", MS_LR, "LR", MS_AUTO, "AUTO");

  if (label->numbindings > 0 && label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_PRIORITY].item)
    writeAttributeBinding(stream, indent, "PRIORITY",
                          &(label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_PRIORITY]));
  else if (label->nexprbindings > 0 &&
           label->exprBindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_PRIORITY].string)
    writeExpression(stream, indent, "PRIORITY",
                    &(label->exprBindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_PRIORITY]));
  else
    writeNumber(stream, indent, "PRIORITY", MS_DEFAULT_LABEL_PRIORITY,
                label->priority);

  writeNumber(stream, indent, "REPEATDISTANCE", 0, label->repeatdistance);
  writeColor(stream, indent, "SHADOWCOLOR", NULL, &(label->shadowcolor));
  writeDimension(stream, indent, "SHADOWSIZE", label->shadowsizex,
                 label->shadowsizey,
                 label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_SHADOWSIZEX].item,
                 label->bindings[MS_LABEL_BINDING_SHADOWSIZEY].item);

  writeNumber(stream, indent, "MAXOVERLAPANGLE", 22.5, label->maxoverlapangle);
  for (i = 0; i < label->numstyles; i++)
    writeStyle(stream, indent, label->styles[i]);

  writeExpression(stream, indent, "TEXT", &(label->text));

  writeCharacter(stream, indent, "WRAP", '\0', label->wrap);
  writeBlockEnd(stream, indent, "LABEL");
}

char *msWriteLabelToString(labelObj *label) {
  msIOContext context;
  msIOBuffer buffer;

  context.label = NULL;
  context.write_channel = MS_TRUE;
  context.readWriteFunc = msIO_bufferWrite;
  context.cbData = &buffer;
  buffer.data = NULL;
  buffer.data_len = 0;
  buffer.data_offset = 0;

  msIO_installHandlers(NULL, &context, NULL);

  writeLabel(stdout, -1, label);
  msIO_bufferWrite(&buffer, "", 1);

  msIO_installHandlers(NULL, NULL, NULL);

  return (char *)buffer.data;
}

void msInitExpression(expressionObj *exp) {
  memset(exp, 0, sizeof(*exp));
  exp->type = MS_STRING;
}

void msFreeExpressionTokens(expressionObj *exp) {
  tokenListNodeObjPtr node = NULL;
  tokenListNodeObjPtr nextNode = NULL;

  if (!exp)
    return;

  if (exp->tokens) {
    node = exp->tokens;
    while (node != NULL) {
      nextNode = node->next;

      msFree(node->tokensrc); /* not set very often */

      switch (node->token) {
      case MS_TOKEN_BINDING_DOUBLE:
      case MS_TOKEN_BINDING_INTEGER:
      case MS_TOKEN_BINDING_STRING:
      case MS_TOKEN_BINDING_TIME:
        msFree(node->tokenval.bindval.item);
        break;
      case MS_TOKEN_LITERAL_TIME:
        /* anything to do? */
        break;
      case MS_TOKEN_LITERAL_STRING:
        msFree(node->tokenval.strval);
        break;
      case MS_TOKEN_LITERAL_SHAPE:
        msFreeShape(node->tokenval.shpval);
        free(node->tokenval.shpval);
        break;
      }

      msFree(node);
      node = nextNode;
    }
    exp->tokens = exp->curtoken = NULL;
  }
}

void msFreeExpression(expressionObj *exp) {
  if (!exp)
    return;
  msFree(exp->string);
  msFree(exp->native_string);
  if ((exp->type == MS_REGEX) && exp->compiled)
    ms_regfree(&(exp->regex));
  msFreeExpressionTokens(exp);
  msInitExpression(exp); /* re-initialize */
}

int loadExpression(expressionObj *exp) {
  /* TODO: should we call msFreeExpression if exp->string != NULL? We do some
   * checking to avoid a leak but is it enough... */

  msyystring_icase = MS_TRUE;
  if ((exp->type = getSymbol(6, MS_STRING, MS_EXPRESSION, MS_REGEX, MS_ISTRING,
                             MS_IREGEX, MS_LIST)) == -1)
    return (-1);
  if (exp->string != NULL) {
    msFree(exp->string);
    msFree(exp->native_string);
  }
  exp->string = msStrdup(msyystring_buffer);
  exp->native_string = NULL;

  if (exp->type == MS_ISTRING) {
    exp->flags = exp->flags | MS_EXP_INSENSITIVE;
    exp->type = MS_STRING;
  } else if (exp->type == MS_IREGEX) {
    exp->flags = exp->flags | MS_EXP_INSENSITIVE;
    exp->type = MS_REGEX;
  }

  return (0);
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
   msLoadExpressionString and loadExpressionString

   msLoadExpressionString wraps call to loadExpressionString with mutex
   acquisition and release.  This function should be used everywhere outside
   the mapfile loading phase of an application.  loadExpressionString does
   not check for a mutex!  It should be used only within code that has
   properly acquired a mutex.

   See bug 339 for more details -- SG.
   ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */

int msLoadExpressionString(expressionObj *exp, const char *value) {
  int retval = MS_FAILURE;

  msAcquireLock(TLOCK_PARSER);
  retval = loadExpressionString(exp, value);
  msReleaseLock(TLOCK_PARSER);

  return retval;
}

int loadExpressionString(expressionObj *exp, const char *value) {
  msyystate = MS_TOKENIZE_STRING;
  msyystring = value;
  msyylex(); /* sets things up but processes no tokens */

  msFreeExpression(exp); /* we're totally replacing the old expression so free
                            (which re-inits) to start over */

  msyystring_icase = MS_TRUE;
  if ((exp->type = getSymbol2(5, MS_EXPRESSION, MS_REGEX, MS_IREGEX, MS_ISTRING,
                              MS_LIST)) != -1) {
    exp->string = msStrdup(msyystring_buffer);

    if (exp->type == MS_ISTRING) {
      exp->type = MS_STRING;
      exp->flags = exp->flags | MS_EXP_INSENSITIVE;
    } else if (exp->type == MS_IREGEX) {
      exp->type = MS_REGEX;
      exp->flags = exp->flags | MS_EXP_INSENSITIVE;
    }
  } else {
    /* failure above is not an error since we'll consider anything not matching
     * (like an unquoted number) as a STRING) */
    exp->type = MS_STRING;
    if ((strlen(value) - strlen(msyystring_buffer)) == 2)
      exp->string = msStrdup(msyystring_buffer); /* value was quoted */
    else
      exp->string = msStrdup(value); /* use the whole value */
  }

  return (0);
}

/* msGetExpressionString()
 *
 * Returns the string representation of this expression, including delimiters
 * and any flags (e.g. i = case-insensitive).
 *
 * Returns a newly allocated buffer that should be freed by the caller or NULL.
 */
char *msGetExpressionString(expressionObj *exp) {
  if (exp->string) {
    char *exprstring;
    size_t buffer_size;
    const char *case_insensitive = "";

    if (exp->flags & MS_EXP_INSENSITIVE)
      case_insensitive = "i";

    /* Alloc buffer big enough for string + 2 delimiters + 'i' + \0 */
    buffer_size = strlen(exp->string) + 4;
    exprstring = (char *)msSmallMalloc(buffer_size);

    switch (exp->type) {
    case (MS_REGEX):
      snprintf(exprstring, buffer_size, "/%s/%s", exp->string,
               case_insensitive);
      return exprstring;
    case (MS_STRING):
      snprintf(exprstring, buffer_size, "\"%s\"%s", exp->string,
               case_insensitive);
      return exprstring;
    case (MS_EXPRESSION):
      snprintf(exprstring, buffer_size, "(%s)", exp->string);
      return exprstring;
    case (MS_LIST):
      snprintf(exprstring, buffer_size, "{%s}", exp->string);
      return exprstring;
    default:
      /* We should never get to here really! */
      free(exprstring);
      return NULL;
    }
  }
  return NULL;
}

static void writeExpression(FILE *stream, int indent, const char *name,
                            expressionObj *exp) {
  if (!exp || !exp->string)
    return;

  writeIndent(stream, ++indent);
  switch (exp->type) {
  case (MS_LIST):
    fprintf(stream, "%s {%s}", name, exp->string);
    break;
  case (MS_REGEX):
    msIO_fprintf(stream, "%s /%s/", name, exp->string);
    break;
  case (MS_STRING):
    msIO_fprintf(stream, "%s ", name);
    writeStringElement(stream, exp->string);
    break;
  case (MS_EXPRESSION):
    msIO_fprintf(stream, "%s (%s)", name, exp->string);
    break;
  }
  if ((exp->type == MS_STRING || exp->type == MS_REGEX) &&
      (exp->flags & MS_EXP_INSENSITIVE))
    msIO_fprintf(stream, "i");
  writeLineFeed(stream);
}

int loadHashTable(hashTableObj *ptable) {
  assert(ptable);

  for (;;) {
    switch (msyylex()) {
    case (EOF):
      msSetError(MS_EOFERR, NULL, "loadHashTable()");
      return (MS_FAILURE);
    case (END):
      return (MS_SUCCESS);
    case (MS_STRING): {
      char *data = NULL;
      char *key =
          msStrdup(msyystring_buffer); /* the key is *always* a string */
      if (getString(&data) == MS_FAILURE) {
        free(key);
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      }
      msInsertHashTable(ptable, key, data);

      free(key);
      free(data);
      break;
    }
    default:
      msSetError(MS_IDENTERR, "Parsing error near (%s):(line %d)",
                 "loadHashTable()", msyystring_buffer, msyylineno);
      return (MS_FAILURE);
    }
  }

  return (MS_SUCCESS);
}

static void writeHashTable(FILE *stream, int indent, const char *title,
                           hashTableObj *table) {
  struct hashObj *tp;
  int i;

  if (!table)
    return;
  if (msHashIsEmpty(table))
    return;

  indent++;
  writeBlockBegin(stream, indent, title);
  for (i = 0; i < MS_HASHSIZE; i++) {
    if (table->items[i] != NULL) {
      for (tp = table->items[i]; tp != NULL; tp = tp->next)
        writeNameValuePair(stream, indent, tp->key, tp->data);
    }
  }
  writeBlockEnd(stream, indent, title);
}

static void writeHashTableInline(FILE *stream, int indent, char *name,
                                 hashTableObj *table) {
  struct hashObj *tp = NULL;
  int i;

  if (!table)
    return;
  if (msHashIsEmpty(table))
    return;

  ++indent;
  for (i = 0; i < MS_HASHSIZE; ++i) {
    if (table->items[i] != NULL) {
      for (tp = table->items[i]; tp != NULL; tp = tp->next) {
        writeIndent(stream, indent);
        msIO_fprintf(stream, "%s ", name);
        writeStringElement(stream, tp->key);
        msIO_fprintf(stream, " ");
        writeStringElement(stream, tp->data);
        writeLineFeed(stream);
      }
    }
  }
}

/*
** Initialize, load and free a cluster object
*/
void initCluster(clusterObj *cluster) {
  cluster->maxdistance = 10;
  cluster->buffer = 0;
  cluster->region = NULL;
  msInitExpression(&(cluster->group));
  msInitExpression(&(cluster->filter));
}

void freeCluster(clusterObj *cluster) {
  msFree(cluster->region);
  msFreeExpression(&(cluster->group));
  msFreeExpression(&(cluster->filter));
}

int loadCluster(clusterObj *cluster) {
  for (;;) {
    switch (msyylex()) {
    case (CLUSTER):
      break; /* for string loads */
    case (MAXDISTANCE):
      if (getDouble(&(cluster->maxdistance), MS_NUM_CHECK_GT, 0, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (BUFFER):
      if (getDouble(&(cluster->buffer), MS_NUM_CHECK_GT, 0, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (REGION):
      if (getString(&cluster->region) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (END):
      return (0);
      break;
    case (GROUP):
      if (loadExpression(&(cluster->group)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (FILTER):
      if (loadExpression(&(cluster->filter)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    default:
      if (strlen(msyystring_buffer) > 0) {
        msSetError(MS_IDENTERR, "Parsing error near (%s):(line %d)",
                   "loadCluster()", msyystring_buffer, msyylineno);
        return (-1);
      } else {
        return (0); /* end of a string, not an error */
      }
    }
  }
  return (MS_SUCCESS);
}

int msUpdateClusterFromString(clusterObj *cluster, char *string) {
  if (!cluster || !string)
    return MS_FAILURE;

  msAcquireLock(TLOCK_PARSER);

  msyystate = MS_TOKENIZE_STRING;
  msyystring = string;
  msyylex(); /* sets things up, but doesn't process any tokens */

  msyylineno = 1; /* start at line 1 */

  if (loadCluster(cluster) == -1) {
    msReleaseLock(TLOCK_PARSER);
    return MS_FAILURE; /* parse error */
    ;
  }

  msyylex_destroy();
  msReleaseLock(TLOCK_PARSER);
  return MS_SUCCESS;
}

static void writeCluster(FILE *stream, int indent, clusterObj *cluster) {

  if (cluster->maxdistance == 10 && cluster->buffer == 0.0 &&
      cluster->region == NULL && cluster->group.string == NULL &&
      cluster->filter.string == NULL)
    return; /* Nothing to write */

  indent++;
  writeBlockBegin(stream, indent, "CLUSTER");
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "MAXDISTANCE", 10, cluster->maxdistance);
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "BUFFER", 0, cluster->buffer);
  writeString(stream, indent, "REGION", NULL, cluster->region);
  writeExpression(stream, indent, "GROUP", &(cluster->group));
  writeExpression(stream, indent, "FILTER", &(cluster->filter));
  writeBlockEnd(stream, indent, "CLUSTER");
}

char *msWriteClusterToString(clusterObj *cluster) {
  msIOContext context;
  msIOBuffer buffer;

  context.label = NULL;
  context.write_channel = MS_TRUE;
  context.readWriteFunc = msIO_bufferWrite;
  context.cbData = &buffer;
  buffer.data = NULL;
  buffer.data_len = 0;
  buffer.data_offset = 0;

  msIO_installHandlers(NULL, &context, NULL);

  writeCluster(stdout, -1, cluster);
  msIO_bufferWrite(&buffer, "", 1);

  msIO_installHandlers(NULL, NULL, NULL);

  return (char *)buffer.data;
}

/*
** Initialize, load and free a single style
*/
int initStyle(styleObj *style) {
  int i;
  MS_REFCNT_INIT(style);
  MS_INIT_COLOR(style->color, -1, -1, -1, 255); /* must explicitly set colors */
  MS_INIT_COLOR(style->outlinecolor, -1, -1, -1, 255);
  /* New Color Range fields*/
  MS_INIT_COLOR(style->mincolor, -1, -1, -1, 255);
  MS_INIT_COLOR(style->maxcolor, -1, -1, -1, 255);
  style->minvalue = 0.0;
  style->maxvalue = 1.0;
  style->rangeitem = NULL;
  /* End Color Range fields*/
  style->symbol = 0; /* there is always a default symbol*/
  style->symbolname = NULL;
  style->size = -1; /* in SIZEUNITS (layerObj) */
  style->minsize = MS_MINSYMBOLSIZE;
  style->maxsize = MS_MAXSYMBOLSIZE;
  style->width = 1;        /* in pixels */
  style->outlinewidth = 0; /* in pixels */
  style->minwidth = MS_MINSYMBOLWIDTH;
  style->maxwidth = MS_MAXSYMBOLWIDTH;
  style->minscaledenom = style->maxscaledenom = -1.0;
  style->offsetx = style->offsety = 0;                   /* no offset */
  style->polaroffsetpixel = style->polaroffsetangle = 0; /* no polar offset */
  style->angle = 0;
  style->autoangle = MS_FALSE;
  style->antialiased = MS_TRUE;
  style->opacity = 100; /* fully opaque */

  msInitExpression(&(style->_geomtransform));
  style->_geomtransform.type = MS_GEOMTRANSFORM_NONE;

  style->patternlength = 0; /* solid line */
  style->gap = 0;
  style->initialgap = -1;
  style->linecap = MS_CJC_DEFAULT_CAPS;
  style->linejoin = MS_CJC_DEFAULT_JOINS;
  style->linejoinmaxsize = MS_CJC_DEFAULT_JOIN_MAXSIZE;

  style->numbindings = 0;
  style->nexprbindings = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < MS_STYLE_BINDING_LENGTH; i++) {
    style->bindings[i].item = NULL;
    style->bindings[i].index = -1;
    msInitExpression(&(style->exprBindings[i]));
  }

  style->sizeunits = MS_INHERIT;
  style->scalefactor = 1.0;

  return MS_SUCCESS;
}

int loadStyle(styleObj *style) {
  int symbol;

  for (;;) {
    switch (msyylex()) {
      /* New Color Range fields*/
    case (COLORRANGE):
      /*These are both in one line now*/
      if (loadColor(&(style->mincolor), NULL) != MS_SUCCESS)
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      if (loadColor(&(style->maxcolor), NULL) != MS_SUCCESS)
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      break;
    case (DATARANGE):
      /*These are both in one line now*/
      if (getDouble(&(style->minvalue), MS_NUM_CHECK_NONE, -1, -1) == -1)
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      if (getDouble(&(style->maxvalue), MS_NUM_CHECK_NONE, -1, -1) == -1)
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      break;
    case (RANGEITEM):
      if (getString(&style->rangeitem) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      break;
      /* End Range fields*/
    case (ANGLE):
      if ((symbol = getSymbol(3, MS_NUMBER, MS_BINDING, MS_AUTO)) == -1)
        return (MS_FAILURE);

      if (symbol == MS_NUMBER) {
        if (msCheckNumber(msyynumber, MS_NUM_CHECK_RANGE, -360.0, 360.0) ==
            MS_FAILURE) {
          msSetError(MS_MISCERR,
                     "Invalid ANGLE, must be between -360 and 360 (line %d)",
                     "loadStyle()", msyylineno);
          return (MS_FAILURE);
        }
        style->angle = (double)msyynumber;
      } else if (symbol == MS_BINDING) {
        if (style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_ANGLE].item != NULL)
          msFree(style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_ANGLE].item);
        style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_ANGLE].item =
            msStrdup(msyystring_buffer);
        style->numbindings++;
      } else {
        style->autoangle = MS_TRUE;
      }
      break;
    case (ANTIALIAS):
      if ((symbol = getSymbol(2, MS_TRUE, MS_FALSE)) == -1)
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      if (symbol == MS_FALSE) {
        style->antialiased = MS_FALSE;
      }
      break;
    case (COLOR):
      if (loadColor(&(style->color),
                    &(style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_COLOR])) != MS_SUCCESS)
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      if (style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_COLOR].item)
        style->numbindings++;
      break;
    case (EOF):
      msSetError(MS_EOFERR, NULL, "loadStyle()");
      return (MS_FAILURE); /* missing END (probably) */
    case (END): {
      int alpha;

      /* apply opacity as the alpha channel color(s) */
      if (style->opacity < 100) {
        alpha = MS_NINT(style->opacity * 2.55);

        style->color.alpha = alpha;
        style->outlinecolor.alpha = alpha;

        style->mincolor.alpha = alpha;
        style->maxcolor.alpha = alpha;
      }

      return (MS_SUCCESS);
    } break;
    case (GAP):
      if (getDouble(&(style->gap), MS_NUM_CHECK_NONE, -1, -1) == -1)
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      break;
    case (INITIALGAP):
      if (getDouble(&(style->initialgap), MS_NUM_CHECK_GTE, 0, -1) ==
          -1) { // zero is ok
        msSetError(MS_MISCERR,
                   "INITIALGAP requires a positive values (line %d)",
                   "loadStyle()", msyylineno);
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      }
      break;
    case (MAXSCALEDENOM):
      if (getDouble(&(style->maxscaledenom), MS_NUM_CHECK_GTE, 0, -1) == -1)
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      break;
    case (MINSCALEDENOM):
      if (getDouble(&(style->minscaledenom), MS_NUM_CHECK_GTE, 0, -1) == -1)
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      break;
    case (GEOMTRANSFORM): {
      int s;
      if ((s = getSymbol(2, MS_STRING, MS_EXPRESSION)) == -1)
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      if (s == MS_STRING)
        msStyleSetGeomTransform(style, msyystring_buffer);
      else {
        /* handle expression case here for the moment */
        msFree(style->_geomtransform.string);
        style->_geomtransform.string = msStrdup(msyystring_buffer);
        style->_geomtransform.type = MS_GEOMTRANSFORM_EXPRESSION;
      }
    } break;
    case (LINECAP):
      if ((style->linecap = getSymbol(4, MS_CJC_BUTT, MS_CJC_ROUND,
                                      MS_CJC_SQUARE, MS_CJC_TRIANGLE)) == -1)
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      break;
    case (LINEJOIN):
      if ((style->linejoin = getSymbol(4, MS_CJC_NONE, MS_CJC_ROUND,
                                       MS_CJC_MITER, MS_CJC_BEVEL)) == -1)
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      break;
    case (LINEJOINMAXSIZE):
      if (getDouble(&(style->linejoinmaxsize), MS_NUM_CHECK_GT, 0, -1) == -1)
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      break;
    case (MAXSIZE):
      if (getDouble(&(style->maxsize), MS_NUM_CHECK_GT, 0, -1) == -1)
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      break;
    case (MINSIZE):
      if (getDouble(&(style->minsize), MS_NUM_CHECK_GTE, 0, -1) == -1)
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      break;
    case (MAXWIDTH):
      if (getDouble(&(style->maxwidth), MS_NUM_CHECK_GT, 0, -1) == -1)
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      break;
    case (MINWIDTH):
      if (getDouble(&(style->minwidth), MS_NUM_CHECK_GTE, 0, -1) == -1)
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      break;
    case (OFFSET):
      if ((symbol = getSymbol(2, MS_NUMBER, MS_BINDING)) == -1)
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      if (symbol == MS_NUMBER)
        style->offsetx = (double)msyynumber; // any double ok
      else {
        if (style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_OFFSET_X].item != NULL)
          msFree(style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_OFFSET_X].item);
        style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_OFFSET_X].item =
            msStrdup(msyystring_buffer);
        style->numbindings++;
      }

      if ((symbol = getSymbol(2, MS_NUMBER, MS_BINDING)) == -1)
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      if (symbol == MS_NUMBER)
        style->offsety = (double)msyynumber; // any double ok
      else {
        if (style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_OFFSET_Y].item != NULL)
          msFree(style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_OFFSET_Y].item);
        style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_OFFSET_Y].item =
            msStrdup(msyystring_buffer);
        style->numbindings++;
      }
      break;
    case (OPACITY):
      if ((symbol = getSymbol(2, MS_NUMBER, MS_BINDING)) == -1)
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      if (symbol == MS_NUMBER)
        style->opacity = MS_MAX(MS_MIN((int)msyynumber, 100),
                                0); /* force opacity to between 0 and 100 */
      else {
        if (style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_OPACITY].item != NULL)
          msFree(style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_OPACITY].item);
        style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_OPACITY].item =
            msStrdup(msyystring_buffer);
        style->numbindings++;
      }
      break;
    case (OUTLINECOLOR):
      if (loadColor(&(style->outlinecolor),
                    &(style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_OUTLINECOLOR])) !=
          MS_SUCCESS)
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      if (style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_OUTLINECOLOR].item)
        style->numbindings++;
      break;
    case (PATTERN): {
      int done = MS_FALSE;
      for (;;) { /* read till the next END */
        switch (msyylex()) {
        case (END):
          if (style->patternlength < 2) {
            msSetError(MS_SYMERR,
                       "Not enough pattern elements. A minimum of 2 are "
                       "required (line %d)",
                       "loadStyle()", msyylineno);
            return (MS_FAILURE);
          }
          done = MS_TRUE;
          break;
        case (MS_NUMBER): /* read the pattern values */
          if (style->patternlength == MS_MAXPATTERNLENGTH) {
            msSetError(MS_SYMERR, "Pattern too long.", "loadStyle()");
            return (MS_FAILURE);
          }
          style->pattern[style->patternlength] =
              atof(msyystring_buffer); // good enough?
          style->patternlength++;
          break;
        default:
          msSetError(MS_TYPEERR, "Parsing error near (%s):(line %d)",
                     "loadStyle()", msyystring_buffer, msyylineno);
          return (MS_FAILURE);
        }
        if (done == MS_TRUE)
          break;
      }
      break;
    }
    case (OUTLINEWIDTH):
      if ((symbol = getSymbol(2, MS_NUMBER, MS_BINDING)) == -1)
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      if (symbol == MS_NUMBER) {
        if (msCheckNumber(msyynumber, MS_NUM_CHECK_GTE, 0, -1) == MS_FAILURE) {
          msSetError(MS_MISCERR,
                     "Invalid OUTLINEWIDTH, must be greater then or equal to 0 "
                     "(line %d)",
                     "loadStyle()", msyylineno);
          return (MS_FAILURE);
        }
        style->outlinewidth = (double)msyynumber;
      } else {
        if (style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_OUTLINEWIDTH].item != NULL)
          msFree(style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_OUTLINEWIDTH].item);
        style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_OUTLINEWIDTH].item =
            msStrdup(msyystring_buffer);
        style->numbindings++;
      }
      break;
    case (SIZE):
      if (style->exprBindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_SIZE].string) {
        msFreeExpression(&style->exprBindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_SIZE]);
        style->nexprbindings--;
      }

      if ((symbol = getSymbol(3, MS_EXPRESSION, MS_NUMBER, MS_BINDING)) == -1)
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      if (symbol == MS_NUMBER) {
        if (msCheckNumber(msyynumber, MS_NUM_CHECK_GT, 0, -1) == MS_FAILURE) {
          msSetError(MS_MISCERR,
                     "Invalid SIZE, must be greater than 0 (line %d)",
                     "loadStyle()", msyylineno);
          return (MS_FAILURE);
        }
        style->size = (double)msyynumber;
      } else if (symbol == MS_EXPRESSION) {
        msFree(style->exprBindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_SIZE].string);
        style->exprBindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_SIZE].string =
            msStrdup(msyystring_buffer);
        style->exprBindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_SIZE].type = MS_EXPRESSION;
        style->nexprbindings++;
      } else {
        if (style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_SIZE].item != NULL)
          msFree(style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_SIZE].item);
        style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_SIZE].item =
            msStrdup(msyystring_buffer);
        style->numbindings++;
      }
      break;
    case (STYLE):
      break; /* for string loads */
    case (SYMBOL):
      if ((symbol = getSymbol(3, MS_NUMBER, MS_STRING, MS_BINDING)) == -1)
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      if (symbol == MS_NUMBER) {
        if (msCheckNumber(msyynumber, MS_NUM_CHECK_GTE, 0, -1) == MS_FAILURE) {
          msSetError(
              MS_MISCERR,
              "Invalid SYMBOL id, must be greater than or equal to 0 (line %d)",
              "loadStyle()", msyylineno);
          return (MS_FAILURE);
        }
        if (style->symbolname != NULL) {
          msFree(style->symbolname);
          style->symbolname = NULL;
        }
        style->symbol = (int)msyynumber;
      } else if (symbol == MS_STRING) {
        if (style->symbolname != NULL)
          msFree(style->symbolname);
        style->symbolname = msStrdup(msyystring_buffer);
      } else {
        if (style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_SYMBOL].item != NULL)
          msFree(style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_SYMBOL].item);
        style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_SYMBOL].item =
            msStrdup(msyystring_buffer);
        style->numbindings++;
      }
      break;
    case (WIDTH):
      if ((symbol = getSymbol(2, MS_NUMBER, MS_BINDING)) == -1)
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      if (symbol == MS_NUMBER) {
        if (msCheckNumber(msyynumber, MS_NUM_CHECK_GTE, 0, -1) == MS_FAILURE) {
          msSetError(
              MS_MISCERR,
              "Invalid WIDTH, must be greater than or equal to 0 (line %d)",
              "loadStyle()", msyylineno);
          return (MS_FAILURE);
        }
        style->width = (double)msyynumber;
      } else {
        if (style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_WIDTH].item != NULL)
          msFree(style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_WIDTH].item);
        style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_WIDTH].item =
            msStrdup(msyystring_buffer);
        style->numbindings++;
      }
      break;
    case (POLAROFFSET):
      if ((symbol = getSymbol(2, MS_NUMBER, MS_BINDING)) == -1)
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      if (symbol == MS_NUMBER) {
        style->polaroffsetpixel = (double)msyynumber; // ok?
      } else {
        if (style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_POLAROFFSET_PIXEL].item != NULL)
          msFree(style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_POLAROFFSET_PIXEL].item);
        style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_POLAROFFSET_PIXEL].item =
            msStrdup(msyystring_buffer);
        style->numbindings++;
      }

      if ((symbol = getSymbol(2, MS_NUMBER, MS_BINDING)) == -1)
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      if (symbol == MS_NUMBER) {
        style->polaroffsetangle = (double)msyynumber; // ok?
      } else {
        if (style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_POLAROFFSET_ANGLE].item != NULL)
          msFree(style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_POLAROFFSET_ANGLE].item);
        style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_POLAROFFSET_ANGLE].item =
            msStrdup(msyystring_buffer);
        style->numbindings++;
      }
      break;
    default:
      if (strlen(msyystring_buffer) > 0) {
        msSetError(MS_IDENTERR, "Parsing error near (%s):(line %d)",
                   "loadStyle()", msyystring_buffer, msyylineno);
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      } else {
        return (MS_SUCCESS); /* end of a string, not an error */
      }
    }
  }
}

int msUpdateStyleFromString(styleObj *style, char *string) {
  if (!style || !string)
    return MS_FAILURE;

  msAcquireLock(TLOCK_PARSER);

  msyystate = MS_TOKENIZE_STRING;
  msyystring = string;
  msyylex(); /* sets things up, but doesn't process any tokens */

  msyylineno = 1; /* start at line 1 */

  if (loadStyle(style) == -1) {
    msReleaseLock(TLOCK_PARSER);
    return MS_FAILURE; /* parse error */
    ;
  }

  msyylex_destroy();
  msReleaseLock(TLOCK_PARSER);
  return MS_SUCCESS;
}

int freeStyle(styleObj *style) {
  int i;

  if (MS_REFCNT_DECR_IS_NOT_ZERO(style)) {
    return MS_FAILURE;
  }

  msFree(style->symbolname);
  msFreeExpression(&style->_geomtransform);
  msFree(style->rangeitem);

  for (i = 0; i < MS_STYLE_BINDING_LENGTH; i++) {
    msFree(style->bindings[i].item);
    msFreeExpression(&(style->exprBindings[i]));
  }

  return MS_SUCCESS;
}

void writeStyle(FILE *stream, int indent, styleObj *style) {

  indent++;
  writeBlockBegin(stream, indent, "STYLE");

  if (style->numbindings > 0 && style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_ANGLE].item)
    writeAttributeBinding(stream, indent, "ANGLE",
                          &(style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_ANGLE]));
  else
    writeNumberOrKeyword(stream, indent, "ANGLE", 0, style->angle,
                         style->autoangle, 1, MS_TRUE, "AUTO");

  if (style->numbindings > 0 && style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_COLOR].item)
    writeAttributeBinding(stream, indent, "COLOR",
                          &(style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_COLOR]));
  else
    writeColor(stream, indent, "COLOR", NULL, &(style->color));

  writeNumber(stream, indent, "GAP", 0, style->gap);
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "INITIALGAP", -1, style->initialgap);

  if (style->_geomtransform.type == MS_GEOMTRANSFORM_EXPRESSION) {
    writeIndent(stream, indent + 1);
    msIO_fprintf(stream, "GEOMTRANSFORM (%s)\n", style->_geomtransform.string);
  } else if (style->_geomtransform.type != MS_GEOMTRANSFORM_NONE) {
    writeKeyword(stream, indent, "GEOMTRANSFORM", style->_geomtransform.type, 8,
                 MS_GEOMTRANSFORM_BBOX, "\"bbox\"", MS_GEOMTRANSFORM_END,
                 "\"end\"", MS_GEOMTRANSFORM_LABELPOINT, "\"labelpnt\"",
                 MS_GEOMTRANSFORM_LABELPOLY, "\"labelpoly\"",
                 MS_GEOMTRANSFORM_LABELCENTER, "\"labelcenter\"",
                 MS_GEOMTRANSFORM_START, "\"start\"", MS_GEOMTRANSFORM_VERTICES,
                 "\"vertices\"", MS_GEOMTRANSFORM_CENTROID, "\"centroid\"");
  }

  if (style->linecap != MS_CJC_DEFAULT_CAPS) {
    writeKeyword(stream, indent, "LINECAP", (int)style->linecap, 5, MS_CJC_NONE,
                 "NONE", MS_CJC_ROUND, "ROUND", MS_CJC_SQUARE, "SQUARE",
                 MS_CJC_BUTT, "BUTT", MS_CJC_TRIANGLE, "TRIANGLE");
  }
  if (style->linejoin != MS_CJC_DEFAULT_JOINS) {
    writeKeyword(stream, indent, "LINEJOIN", (int)style->linejoin, 5,
                 MS_CJC_NONE, "NONE", MS_CJC_ROUND, "ROUND", MS_CJC_BEVEL,
                 "BEVEL", MS_CJC_MITER, "MITER");
  }
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "LINEJOINMAXSIZE", MS_CJC_DEFAULT_JOIN_MAXSIZE,
              style->linejoinmaxsize);

  writeNumber(stream, indent, "MAXSCALEDENOM", -1, style->maxscaledenom);
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "MAXSIZE", MS_MAXSYMBOLSIZE, style->maxsize);
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "MAXWIDTH", MS_MAXSYMBOLWIDTH, style->maxwidth);
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "MINSCALEDENOM", -1, style->minscaledenom);
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "MINSIZE", MS_MINSYMBOLSIZE, style->minsize);
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "MINWIDTH", MS_MINSYMBOLWIDTH, style->minwidth);
  if ((style->numbindings > 0 &&
       (style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_OFFSET_X].item ||
        style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_OFFSET_Y].item)) ||
      style->offsetx != 0 || style->offsety != 0)
    writeDimension(stream, indent, "OFFSET", style->offsetx, style->offsety,
                   style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_OFFSET_X].item,
                   style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_OFFSET_Y].item);
  if ((style->numbindings > 0 &&
       (style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_POLAROFFSET_PIXEL].item ||
        style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_POLAROFFSET_ANGLE].item)) ||
      style->polaroffsetangle != 0 || style->polaroffsetpixel != 0)
    writeDimension(stream, indent, "POLAROFFSET", style->polaroffsetpixel,
                   style->polaroffsetangle,
                   style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_POLAROFFSET_PIXEL].item,
                   style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_POLAROFFSET_ANGLE].item);

  if (style->numbindings > 0 && style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_OPACITY].item)
    writeAttributeBinding(stream, indent, "OPACITY",
                          &(style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_OPACITY]));
  else
    writeNumber(stream, indent, "OPACITY", 100, style->opacity);

  if (style->numbindings > 0 &&
      style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_OUTLINECOLOR].item)
    writeAttributeBinding(stream, indent, "OUTLINECOLOR",
                          &(style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_OUTLINECOLOR]));
  else
    writeColor(stream, indent, "OUTLINECOLOR", NULL, &(style->outlinecolor));

  if (style->numbindings > 0 &&
      style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_OUTLINEWIDTH].item)
    writeAttributeBinding(stream, indent, "OUTLINEWIDTH",
                          &(style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_OUTLINEWIDTH]));
  else
    writeNumber(stream, indent, "OUTLINEWIDTH", 0, style->outlinewidth);

  /* PATTERN */
  if (style->patternlength != 0) {
    int i;
    indent++;
    writeBlockBegin(stream, indent, "PATTERN");
    writeIndent(stream, indent);
    for (i = 0; i < style->patternlength; i++)
      msIO_fprintf(stream, " %.2f", style->pattern[i]);
    msIO_fprintf(stream, "\n");
    writeBlockEnd(stream, indent, "PATTERN");
    indent--;
  }

  if (style->numbindings > 0 && style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_SIZE].item)
    writeAttributeBinding(stream, indent, "SIZE",
                          &(style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_SIZE]));
  else
    writeNumber(stream, indent, "SIZE", -1, style->size);

  if (style->numbindings > 0 && style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_SYMBOL].item)
    writeAttributeBinding(stream, indent, "SYMBOL",
                          &(style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_SYMBOL]));
  else
    writeNumberOrString(stream, indent, "SYMBOL", 0, style->symbol,
                        style->symbolname);

  if (style->numbindings > 0 && style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_WIDTH].item)
    writeAttributeBinding(stream, indent, "WIDTH",
                          &(style->bindings[MS_STYLE_BINDING_WIDTH]));
  else
    writeNumber(stream, indent, "WIDTH", 1, style->width);

  writeString(stream, indent, "RANGEITEM", NULL, style->rangeitem);
  /* If COLORRANGE is valid, assume DATARANGE also needs to be written */
  if (MS_VALID_COLOR(style->mincolor) && MS_VALID_COLOR(style->maxcolor)) {
    writeColorRange(stream, indent, "COLORRANGE", &(style->mincolor),
                    &(style->maxcolor));
    writeDoubleRange(stream, indent, "DATARANGE", style->minvalue,
                     style->maxvalue);
  }

  writeBlockEnd(stream, indent, "STYLE");
}

char *msWriteStyleToString(styleObj *style) {
  msIOContext context;
  msIOBuffer buffer;

  context.label = NULL;
  context.write_channel = MS_TRUE;
  context.readWriteFunc = msIO_bufferWrite;
  context.cbData = &buffer;
  buffer.data = NULL;
  buffer.data_len = 0;
  buffer.data_offset = 0;

  msIO_installHandlers(NULL, &context, NULL);

  writeStyle(stdout, -1, style);
  msIO_bufferWrite(&buffer, "", 1);

  msIO_installHandlers(NULL, NULL, NULL);

  return (char *)buffer.data;
}

/*
** Initialize, load and free a single class
*/
int initClass(classObj *class) {
  class->status = MS_ON;
  class->debug = MS_OFF;
  MS_REFCNT_INIT(class);
  class->isfallback = FALSE;

  msInitExpression(&(class->expression));
  class->name = NULL;
  class->title = NULL;
  msInitExpression(&(class->text));

  class->template = NULL;

  initHashTable(&(class->metadata));
  initHashTable(&(class->validation));

  class->maxscaledenom = class->minscaledenom = -1.0;
  class->minfeaturesize = -1; /* no limit */

  /* Set maxstyles = 0, styles[] will be allocated as needed on first call
   * to msGrowClassStyles()
   */
  class->numstyles = class->maxstyles = 0;
  class->styles = NULL;

  class->numlabels = class->maxlabels = 0;
  class->labels = NULL;

  class->keyimage = NULL;

  class->group = NULL;

  class->leader = NULL;

  class->sizeunits = MS_INHERIT;
  class->scalefactor = 1.0;

  return (0);
}

int freeClass(classObj *class) {
  int i;

  if (MS_REFCNT_DECR_IS_NOT_ZERO(class)) {
    return MS_FAILURE;
  }

  msFreeExpression(&(class->expression));
  msFreeExpression(&(class->text));
  msFree(class->name);
  msFree(class->title);
  msFree(class->template);
  msFree(class->group);

  msFreeHashItems(&(class->metadata));
  msFreeHashItems(&(class->validation));

  for (i = 0; i < class->numstyles; i++) { /* each style */
    if (class->styles[i] != NULL) {
      if (freeStyle(class->styles[i]) == MS_SUCCESS) {
        msFree(class->styles[i]);
      }
    }
  }
  msFree(class->styles);

  for (i = 0; i < class->numlabels; i++) { /* each label */
    if (class->labels[i] != NULL) {
      if (freeLabel(class->labels[i]) == MS_SUCCESS) {
        msFree(class->labels[i]);
      }
    }
  }
  msFree(class->labels);

  msFree(class->keyimage);

  if (class->leader) {
    freeLabelLeader(class->leader);
    msFree(class->leader);
    class->leader = NULL;
  }

  return MS_SUCCESS;
}

/*
** Ensure there is at least one free entry in the sttyles array of this
** classObj. Grow the allocated styles array if necessary and allocate
** a new style for styles[numstyles] if there is not already one,
** setting its contents to all zero bytes (i.e. does not call initStyle()
** on it).
**
** This function is safe to use for the initial allocation of the styles[]
** array as well (i.e. when maxstyles==0 and styles==NULL)
**
** Returns a reference to the new styleObj on success, NULL on error.
*/
styleObj *msGrowClassStyles(classObj *class) {
  /* Do we need to increase the size of styles[] by  MS_STYLE_ALLOCSIZE?
   */
  if (class->numstyles == class->maxstyles) {
    styleObj **newStylePtr;
    int i, newsize;

    newsize = class->maxstyles + MS_STYLE_ALLOCSIZE;

    /* Alloc/realloc styles */
    newStylePtr =
        (styleObj **)realloc(class->styles, newsize * sizeof(styleObj *));
    MS_CHECK_ALLOC(newStylePtr, newsize * sizeof(styleObj *), NULL);

    class->styles = newStylePtr;
    class->maxstyles = newsize;
    for (i = class->numstyles; i < class->maxstyles; i++) {
      class->styles[i] = NULL;
    }
  }

  if (class->styles[class->numstyles] == NULL) {
    class->styles[class->numstyles] = (styleObj *)calloc(1, sizeof(styleObj));
    MS_CHECK_ALLOC(class->styles[class->numstyles], sizeof(styleObj), NULL);
  }

  return class->styles[class->numstyles];
}

/* exactly the same as for a classObj */
styleObj *msGrowLabelStyles(labelObj *label) {
  /* Do we need to increase the size of styles[] by  MS_STYLE_ALLOCSIZE?
   */
  if (label->numstyles == label->maxstyles) {
    styleObj **newStylePtr;
    int i, newsize;

    newsize = label->maxstyles + MS_STYLE_ALLOCSIZE;

    /* Alloc/realloc styles */
    newStylePtr =
        (styleObj **)realloc(label->styles, newsize * sizeof(styleObj *));
    MS_CHECK_ALLOC(newStylePtr, newsize * sizeof(styleObj *), NULL);

    label->styles = newStylePtr;
    label->maxstyles = newsize;
    for (i = label->numstyles; i < label->maxstyles; i++) {
      label->styles[i] = NULL;
    }
  }

  if (label->styles[label->numstyles] == NULL) {
    label->styles[label->numstyles] = (styleObj *)calloc(1, sizeof(styleObj));
    MS_CHECK_ALLOC(label->styles[label->numstyles], sizeof(styleObj), NULL);
  }

  return label->styles[label->numstyles];
}

/* exactly the same as for a labelLeaderObj, needs refactoring */
styleObj *msGrowLeaderStyles(labelLeaderObj *leader) {
  /* Do we need to increase the size of styles[] by  MS_STYLE_ALLOCSIZE?
   */
  if (leader->numstyles == leader->maxstyles) {
    styleObj **newStylePtr;
    int i, newsize;

    newsize = leader->maxstyles + MS_STYLE_ALLOCSIZE;

    /* Alloc/realloc styles */
    newStylePtr =
        (styleObj **)realloc(leader->styles, newsize * sizeof(styleObj *));
    MS_CHECK_ALLOC(newStylePtr, newsize * sizeof(styleObj *), NULL);

    leader->styles = newStylePtr;
    leader->maxstyles = newsize;
    for (i = leader->numstyles; i < leader->maxstyles; i++) {
      leader->styles[i] = NULL;
    }
  }

  if (leader->styles[leader->numstyles] == NULL) {
    leader->styles[leader->numstyles] = (styleObj *)calloc(1, sizeof(styleObj));
    MS_CHECK_ALLOC(leader->styles[leader->numstyles], sizeof(styleObj), NULL);
  }

  return leader->styles[leader->numstyles];
}

/* msMaybeAllocateClassStyle()
**
** Ensure that requested style index exists and has been initialized.
**
** Returns MS_SUCCESS/MS_FAILURE.
*/
int msMaybeAllocateClassStyle(classObj *c, int idx) {
  if (c == NULL)
    return MS_FAILURE;

  if (idx < 0) {
    msSetError(MS_MISCERR, "Invalid style index: %d",
               "msMaybeAllocateClassStyle()", idx);
    return MS_FAILURE;
  }

  /* Alloc empty styles as needed up to idx.
   * Nothing to do if requested style already exists
   */
  while (c->numstyles <= idx) {
    if (msGrowClassStyles(c) == NULL)
      return MS_FAILURE;

    if (initStyle(c->styles[c->numstyles]) == MS_FAILURE) {
      msSetError(MS_MISCERR, "Failed to init new styleObj",
                 "msMaybeAllocateClassStyle()");
      freeStyle(c->styles[c->numstyles]);
      free(c->styles[c->numstyles]);
      c->styles[c->numstyles] = NULL;
      return (MS_FAILURE);
    }
    c->numstyles++;
  }
  return MS_SUCCESS;
}

/*
 * Reset style info in the class to defaults
 * the only members we don't touch are name, expression, and join/query stuff
 * This is used with STYLEITEM before overwriting the contents of a class.
 */
void resetClassStyle(classObj *class) {
  int i;

  /* reset labels */
  for (i = 0; i < class->numlabels; i++) {
    if (class->labels[i] != NULL) {
      if (freeLabel(class->labels[i]) == MS_SUCCESS) {
        msFree(class->labels[i]);
      }
      class->labels[i] = NULL;
    }
  }
  class->numlabels = 0;

  msFreeExpression(&(class->text));
  msInitExpression(&(class->text));

  /* reset styles */
  for (i = 0; i < class->numstyles; i++) {
    if (class->styles[i] != NULL) {
      if (freeStyle(class->styles[i]) == MS_SUCCESS) {
        msFree(class->styles[i]);
      }
      class->styles[i] = NULL;
    }
  }
  class->numstyles = 0;

  class->layer = NULL;
}

labelObj *msGrowClassLabels(classObj *class) {

  /* Do we need to increase the size of labels[] by MS_LABEL_ALLOCSIZE?
   */
  if (class->numlabels == class->maxlabels) {
    labelObj **newLabelPtr;
    int i, newsize;

    newsize = class->maxlabels + MS_LABEL_ALLOCSIZE;

    /* Alloc/realloc labels */
    newLabelPtr =
        (labelObj **)realloc(class->labels, newsize * sizeof(labelObj *));
    MS_CHECK_ALLOC(newLabelPtr, newsize * sizeof(labelObj *), NULL);

    class->labels = newLabelPtr;
    class->maxlabels = newsize;
    for (i = class->numlabels; i < class->maxlabels; i++) {
      class->labels[i] = NULL;
    }
  }

  if (class->labels[class->numlabels] == NULL) {
    class->labels[class->numlabels] = (labelObj *)calloc(1, sizeof(labelObj));
    MS_CHECK_ALLOC(class->labels[class->numlabels], sizeof(labelObj), NULL);
  }

  return class->labels[class->numlabels];
}

int loadClass(classObj *class, layerObj *layer) {
  if (!class || !layer)
    return (-1);

  class->layer = (layerObj *)layer;

  for (;;) {
    switch (msyylex()) {
    case (CLASS):
      break; /* for string loads */
    case (DEBUG):
      if ((class->debug = getSymbol(3, MS_ON, MS_OFF, MS_NUMBER)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      if (class->debug == MS_NUMBER) {
        if (msCheckNumber(msyynumber, MS_NUM_CHECK_RANGE, 0, 5) == MS_FAILURE) {
          msSetError(MS_MISCERR,
                     "Invalid DEBUG level, must be between 0 and 5 (line %d)",
                     "loadClass()", msyylineno);
          return (-1);
        }
        class->debug = (int)msyynumber;
      }
      break;
    case (EOF):
      msSetError(MS_EOFERR, NULL, "loadClass()");
      return (-1);
    case (END):
      return (0);
      break;
    case (EXPRESSION):
      if (loadExpression(&(class->expression)) == -1)
        return (-1); /* loadExpression() cleans up previously allocated
                        expression */
      break;
    case (GROUP):
      if (getString(&class->group) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1); /* getString() cleans up previously allocated string */
      break;
    case (KEYIMAGE):
      if (getString(&class->keyimage) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1); /* getString() cleans up previously allocated string */
      break;
    case (LABEL):
      if (msGrowClassLabels(class) == NULL)
        return (-1);
      initLabel(class->labels[class->numlabels]);
      class->labels[class->numlabels]->size =
          MS_MEDIUM; /* only set a default if the LABEL section is present */
      if (loadLabel(class->labels[class->numlabels]) == -1) {
        freeLabel(class->labels[class->numlabels]);
        free(class->labels[class->numlabels]);
        class->labels[class->numlabels] = NULL;
        return (-1);
      }
      class->numlabels++;
      break;
    case (LEADER):
      if (!class->leader) {
        class->leader = msSmallMalloc(sizeof(labelLeaderObj));
        initLeader(class->leader);
      }
      if (loadLeader(class->leader) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (MAXSCALE):
    case (MAXSCALEDENOM):
      if (getDouble(&(class->maxscaledenom), MS_NUM_CHECK_GTE, 0, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (METADATA):
      if (loadHashTable(&(class->metadata)) != MS_SUCCESS)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (MINSCALE):
    case (MINSCALEDENOM):
      if (getDouble(&(class->minscaledenom), MS_NUM_CHECK_GTE, 0, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (MINFEATURESIZE):
      if (getInteger(&(class->minfeaturesize), MS_NUM_CHECK_GT, 0, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (NAME):
      if (getString(&class->name) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (STATUS):
      if ((class->status = getSymbol(2, MS_ON, MS_OFF)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (STYLE):
      if (msGrowClassStyles(class) == NULL)
        return (-1);
      initStyle(class->styles[class->numstyles]);
      if (loadStyle(class->styles[class->numstyles]) != MS_SUCCESS) {
        freeStyle(class->styles[class->numstyles]);
        free(class->styles[class->numstyles]);
        class->styles[class->numstyles] = NULL;
        return (-1);
      }
      class->numstyles++;
      break;
    case (TEMPLATE):
      if (getString(&class->template) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1); /* getString() cleans up previously allocated string */
      break;
    case (TEXT):
      if (loadExpression(&(class->text)) == -1)
        return (-1); /* loadExpression() cleans up previously allocated
                        expression */
      if ((class->text.type != MS_STRING) &&
          (class->text.type != MS_EXPRESSION)) {
        msSetError(
            MS_MISCERR,
            "Text expressions support constant or tagged replacement strings.",
            "loadClass()");
        return (-1);
      }
      break;
    case (TITLE):
      if (getString(&class->title) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1); /* getString() cleans up previously allocated string */
      break;
    case (VALIDATION):
      if (loadHashTable(&(class->validation)) != MS_SUCCESS)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (FALLBACK):
      if ((class->isfallback = getSymbol(2, MS_TRUE, MS_FALSE)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    default:
      if (strlen(msyystring_buffer) > 0) {
        msSetError(MS_IDENTERR, "Parsing error near (%s):(line %d)",
                   "loadClass()", msyystring_buffer, msyylineno);
        return (-1);
      } else {
        return (0); /* end of a string, not an error */
      }
    }
  }
}

static int classResolveSymbolNames(classObj *class) {
  int i, j;
  int try_addimage_if_notfound = MS_TRUE;

  /* step through styles and labels to resolve symbol names */
  /* class styles */
  for (i = 0; i < class->numstyles; i++) {
    if (class->styles[i]->symbolname) {
      if ((class->styles[i]->symbol = msGetSymbolIndex(
               &(class->layer->map->symbolset), class->styles[i]->symbolname,
               try_addimage_if_notfound)) == -1) {
        msSetError(MS_MISCERR,
                   "Undefined symbol \"%s\" in class, style %d of layer %s.",
                   "classResolveSymbolNames()", class->styles[i]->symbolname, i,
                   class->layer->name);
        return MS_FAILURE;
      }
    }
  }

  /* label styles */
  for (i = 0; i < class->numlabels; i++) {
    for (j = 0; j < class->labels[i]->numstyles; j++) {
      if (class->labels[i]->styles[j]->symbolname) {
        if ((class->labels[i]->styles[j]->symbol =
                 msGetSymbolIndex(&(class->layer->map->symbolset),
                                  class->labels[i]->styles[j]->symbolname,
                                  try_addimage_if_notfound)) == -1) {
          msSetError(
              MS_MISCERR,
              "Undefined symbol \"%s\" in class, label style %d of layer %s.",
              "classResolveSymbolNames()",
              class->labels[i]->styles[j]->symbolname, j, class->layer->name);
          return MS_FAILURE;
        }
      }
    }
  }

  return MS_SUCCESS;
}

int msUpdateClassFromString(classObj *class, char *string) {
  if (!class || !string)
    return MS_FAILURE;

  msAcquireLock(TLOCK_PARSER);

  msyystate = MS_TOKENIZE_STRING;
  msyystring = string;
  msyylex(); /* sets things up, but doesn't process any tokens */

  msyylineno = 1; /* start at line 1 */

  if (loadClass(class, class->layer) == -1) {
    msReleaseLock(TLOCK_PARSER);
    return MS_FAILURE; /* parse error */
    ;
  }

  msyylex_destroy();
  msReleaseLock(TLOCK_PARSER);

  if (classResolveSymbolNames(class) != MS_SUCCESS)
    return MS_FAILURE;

  return MS_SUCCESS;
}

static void writeClass(FILE *stream, int indent, classObj *class) {
  int i;

  if (class->status == MS_DELETE)
    return;

  indent++;
  writeBlockBegin(stream, indent, "CLASS");
  writeString(stream, indent, "NAME", NULL, class->name);
  writeString(stream, indent, "GROUP", NULL, class->group);
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "DEBUG", 0, class->debug);
  writeExpression(stream, indent, "EXPRESSION", &(class->expression));
  writeString(stream, indent, "KEYIMAGE", NULL, class->keyimage);
  for (i = 0; i < class->numlabels; i++)
    writeLabel(stream, indent, class->labels[i]);
  if (class->leader)
    writeLeader(stream, indent, class->leader);
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "MAXSCALEDENOM", -1, class->maxscaledenom);
  writeHashTable(stream, indent, "METADATA", &(class->metadata));
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "MINSCALEDENOM", -1, class->minscaledenom);
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "MINFEATURESIZE", -1, class->minfeaturesize);
  writeKeyword(stream, indent, "STATUS", class->status, 1, MS_OFF, "OFF");
  for (i = 0; i < class->numstyles; i++)
    writeStyle(stream, indent, class->styles[i]);
  writeString(stream, indent, "TEMPLATE", NULL, class->template);
  writeExpression(stream, indent, "TEXT", &(class->text));
  writeString(stream, indent, "TITLE", NULL, class->title);
  writeHashTable(stream, indent, "VALIDATION", &(class->validation));
  writeKeyword(stream, indent, "FALLBACK", class->isfallback, 1, MS_TRUE,
               "TRUE");
  writeBlockEnd(stream, indent, "CLASS");
}

static void writeIdentify(FILE *stream, int indent, layerObj *layer) {
  if (layer->identificationclassauto || layer->identificationclassgroup) {
    indent++;
    writeBlockBegin(stream, indent, "IDENTIFY");
    if (layer->identificationclassauto) {
      writeIndent(stream, indent + 1);
      msIO_fprintf(stream, "CLASSAUTO\n");
    }
    if (layer->identificationclassgroup)
      writeString(stream, indent, "CLASSGROUP", NULL,
                  layer->identificationclassgroup);
    writeBlockEnd(stream, indent, "IDENTIFY");
  }
}

char *msWriteClassToString(classObj *class) {
  msIOContext context;
  msIOBuffer buffer;

  context.label = NULL;
  context.write_channel = MS_TRUE;
  context.readWriteFunc = msIO_bufferWrite;
  context.cbData = &buffer;
  buffer.data = NULL;
  buffer.data_len = 0;
  buffer.data_offset = 0;

  msIO_installHandlers(NULL, &context, NULL);

  writeClass(stdout, -1, class);
  msIO_bufferWrite(&buffer, "", 1);

  msIO_installHandlers(NULL, NULL, NULL);

  return (char *)buffer.data;
}

int initCompositingFilter(CompositingFilter *filter) {
  filter->filter = NULL;
  filter->next = NULL;
  return MS_SUCCESS;
}

void freeCompositingFilter(CompositingFilter *filter) {
  if (!filter)
    return;
  if (filter->next)
    freeCompositingFilter(filter->next);
  free(filter->filter);
  free(filter);
}

int initLayerCompositer(LayerCompositer *compositer) {
  compositer->comp_op = MS_COMPOP_SRC_OVER;
  compositer->opacity = 100;
  compositer->next = NULL;
  compositer->filter = NULL;
  return MS_SUCCESS;
}

void freeLayerCompositer(LayerCompositer *compositer) {
  if (!compositer)
    return;
  if (compositer->next)
    freeLayerCompositer(compositer->next);
  freeCompositingFilter(compositer->filter);
  free(compositer);
}

/*
** Initialize, load and free a single layer structure
*/
int initLayer(layerObj *layer, mapObj *map) {
  if (layer == NULL) {
    msSetError(MS_MEMERR, "Layer is null", "initLayer()");
    return (-1);
  }
  layer->debug = (int)msGetGlobalDebugLevel();
  MS_REFCNT_INIT(layer);

  /* Set maxclasses = 0, class[] will be allocated as needed on first call
   * to msGrowLayerClasses()
   */
  layer->numclasses = 0;
  layer->maxclasses = 0;
  layer->class = NULL;

  layer->name = NULL;
  layer->group = NULL;
  layer->status = MS_OFF;
  layer->data = NULL;
  layer->rendermode = MS_FIRST_MATCHING_CLASS;

  layer->map = map; /* point back to the encompassing structure */

  layer->type = -1;

  layer->toleranceunits = MS_PIXELS;
  layer->tolerance =
      -1; /* perhaps this should have a different value based on type */
  layer->identificationclassauto = MS_FALSE;
  layer->identificationclassgroup = NULL;

  layer->symbolscaledenom = -1.0; /* -1 means nothing is set */
  layer->scalefactor = 1.0;
  layer->maxscaledenom = -1.0;
  layer->minscaledenom = -1.0;
  layer->minfeaturesize = -1; /* no limit */
  layer->maxgeowidth = -1.0;
  layer->mingeowidth = -1.0;

  layer->sizeunits = MS_PIXELS;

  layer->maxfeatures = -1; /* no quota */
  layer->startindex = -1;  /*used for pagination*/

  layer->scaletokens = NULL;
  layer->numscaletokens = 0;

  layer->template = layer->header = layer->footer = NULL;

  layer->transform = MS_TRUE;

  layer->classitem = NULL;
  layer->classitemindex = -1;

  layer->units = MS_METERS;
  if (msInitProjection(&(layer->projection)) == -1)
    return (-1);

  if (map) {
    msProjectionInheritContextFrom(&(layer->projection), &(map->projection));
  }

  layer->project = MS_TRUE;
  layer->reprojectorLayerToMap = NULL;
  layer->reprojectorMapToLayer = NULL;

  initCluster(&layer->cluster);

  MS_INIT_COLOR(layer->offsite, -1, -1, -1, 255);

  layer->labelcache = MS_ON;
  layer->postlabelcache = MS_FALSE;

  layer->labelitem = NULL;
  layer->labelitemindex = -1;

  layer->labelmaxscaledenom = -1;
  layer->labelminscaledenom = -1;

  layer->tileitem = msStrdup("location");
  layer->tileitemindex = -1;
  layer->tileindex = NULL;
  layer->tilesrs = NULL;

  layer->bandsitem = NULL;
  layer->bandsitemindex = -1;

  layer->currentfeature = layer->features = NULL;

  layer->connection = NULL;
  layer->plugin_library = NULL;
  layer->plugin_library_original = NULL;
  layer->connectiontype = MS_SHAPEFILE;
  layer->vtable = NULL;
  layer->classgroup = NULL;

  layer->layerinfo = NULL;
  layer->wfslayerinfo = NULL;

  layer->items = NULL;
  layer->iteminfo = NULL;
  layer->numitems = 0;

  layer->resultcache = NULL;

  msInitExpression(&(layer->filter));
  layer->filteritem = NULL;
  layer->filteritemindex = -1;

  layer->
    requires
  = layer->labelrequires = NULL;

  initHashTable(&(layer->metadata));
  initHashTable(&(layer->bindvals));
  initHashTable(&(layer->validation));

  layer->styleitem = NULL;
  layer->styleitemindex = -1;

  layer->processing = NULL;
  layer->numjoins = 0;
  layer->joins = (joinObj *)malloc(MS_MAXJOINS * sizeof(joinObj));
  MS_CHECK_ALLOC(layer->joins, MS_MAXJOINS * sizeof(joinObj), -1);

  layer->extent.minx = -1.0;
  layer->extent.miny = -1.0;
  layer->extent.maxx = -1.0;
  layer->extent.maxy = -1.0;

  layer->mask = NULL;
  layer->maskimage = NULL;
  layer->grid = NULL;

  msInitExpression(&(layer->_geomtransform));
  layer->_geomtransform.type = MS_GEOMTRANSFORM_NONE;

  msInitExpression(&(layer->utfdata));
  layer->utfitem = NULL;
  layer->utfitemindex = -1;

  layer->encoding = NULL;

  layer->sortBy.nProperties = 0;
  layer->sortBy.properties = NULL;
  layer->orig_st = NULL;

  layer->compositer = NULL;

  initHashTable(&(layer->connectionoptions));

  return (0);
}

int initScaleToken(scaleTokenObj *token) {
  token->n_entries = 0;
  token->name = NULL;
  token->tokens = NULL;
  return MS_SUCCESS;
}

int freeScaleTokenEntry(scaleTokenEntryObj *token) {
  msFree(token->value);
  return MS_SUCCESS;
}

int freeScaleToken(scaleTokenObj *scaletoken) {
  int i;
  msFree(scaletoken->name);
  for (i = 0; i < scaletoken->n_entries; i++) {
    freeScaleTokenEntry(&scaletoken->tokens[i]);
  }
  msFree(scaletoken->tokens);
  return MS_SUCCESS;
}

int freeLayer(layerObj *layer) {
  int i;
  if (!layer)
    return MS_FAILURE;
  if (MS_REFCNT_DECR_IS_NOT_ZERO(layer)) {
    return MS_FAILURE;
  }

  if (layer->debug >= MS_DEBUGLEVEL_VVV)
    msDebug("freeLayer(): freeing layer at %p.\n", layer);

  if (msLayerIsOpen(layer))
    msLayerClose(layer);

  msFree(layer->name);
  msFree(layer->encoding);
  msFree(layer->group);
  msFree(layer->data);
  msFree(layer->classitem);
  msFree(layer->labelitem);
  msFree(layer->header);
  msFree(layer->footer);
  msFree(layer->template);
  msFree(layer->tileindex);
  msFree(layer->tileitem);
  msFree(layer->tilesrs);
  msFree(layer->bandsitem);
  msFree(layer->plugin_library);
  msFree(layer->plugin_library_original);
  msFree(layer->connection);
  msFree(layer->vtable);
  msFree(layer->classgroup);

  msProjectDestroyReprojector(layer->reprojectorLayerToMap);
  msProjectDestroyReprojector(layer->reprojectorMapToLayer);
  msFreeProjection(&(layer->projection));
  msFreeExpression(&layer->_geomtransform);

  freeCluster(&layer->cluster);

  for (i = 0; i < layer->maxclasses; i++) {
    if (layer->class[i] != NULL) {
      layer->class[i]->layer = NULL;
      if (freeClass(layer->class[i]) == MS_SUCCESS) {
        msFree(layer->class[i]);
      }
    }
  }
  msFree(layer->class);

  if (layer->numscaletokens > 0) {
    for (i = 0; i < layer->numscaletokens; i++) {
      freeScaleToken(&layer->scaletokens[i]);
    }
    msFree(layer->scaletokens);
  }

  if (layer->features)
    freeFeatureList(layer->features);

  if (layer->resultcache) {
    cleanupResultCache(layer->resultcache);
    msFree(layer->resultcache);
  }

  msFree(layer->identificationclassgroup);

  msFree(layer->styleitem);

  msFree(layer->filteritem);
  msFreeExpression(&(layer->filter));

  msFree(layer->requires);
  msFree(layer->labelrequires);

  msFreeHashItems(&(layer->metadata));
  msFreeHashItems(&(layer->validation));
  msFreeHashItems(&layer->bindvals);

  CSLDestroy(layer->processing);

  for (i = 0; i < layer->numjoins; i++) /* each join */
    freeJoin(&(layer->joins[i]));
  msFree(layer->joins);
  layer->numjoins = 0;

  layer->classgroup = NULL;

  msFree(layer->mask);
  if (layer->maskimage) {
    msFreeImage(layer->maskimage);
  }

  if (layer->compositer) {
    freeLayerCompositer(layer->compositer);
  }

  if (layer->grid) {
    freeGrid(layer->grid);
    msFree(layer->grid);
  }

  msFreeExpression(&(layer->utfdata));
  msFree(layer->utfitem);

  for (i = 0; i < layer->sortBy.nProperties; i++)
    msFree(layer->sortBy.properties[i].item);
  msFree(layer->sortBy.properties);

  msFreeHashItems(&layer->connectionoptions);

  return MS_SUCCESS;
}

/*
** Ensure there is at least one free entry in the class array of this
** layerObj. Grow the allocated class array if necessary and allocate
** a new class for class[numclasses] if there is not already one,
** setting its contents to all zero bytes (i.e. does not call initClass()
** on it).
**
** This function is safe to use for the initial allocation of the class[]
** array as well (i.e. when maxclasses==0 and class==NULL)
**
** Returns a reference to the new classObj on success, NULL on error.
*/
classObj *msGrowLayerClasses(layerObj *layer) {
  /* Do we need to increase the size of class[] by  MS_CLASS_ALLOCSIZE?
   */
  if (layer->numclasses == layer->maxclasses) {
    classObj **newClassPtr;
    int i, newsize;

    newsize = layer->maxclasses + MS_CLASS_ALLOCSIZE;

    /* Alloc/realloc classes */
    newClassPtr =
        (classObj **)realloc(layer->class, newsize * sizeof(classObj *));
    MS_CHECK_ALLOC(newClassPtr, newsize * sizeof(classObj *), NULL);

    layer->class = newClassPtr;
    layer->maxclasses = newsize;
    for (i = layer->numclasses; i < layer->maxclasses; i++) {
      layer->class[i] = NULL;
    }
  }

  if (layer->class[layer->numclasses] == NULL) {
    layer->class[layer->numclasses] = (classObj *)calloc(1, sizeof(classObj));
    MS_CHECK_ALLOC(layer->class[layer->numclasses], sizeof(classObj), NULL);
  }

  return layer->class[layer->numclasses];
}

scaleTokenObj *msGrowLayerScaletokens(layerObj *layer) {
  layer->scaletokens = msSmallRealloc(
      layer->scaletokens, (layer->numscaletokens + 1) * sizeof(scaleTokenObj));
  memset(&layer->scaletokens[layer->numscaletokens], 0, sizeof(scaleTokenObj));
  return &layer->scaletokens[layer->numscaletokens];
}

int loadScaletoken(scaleTokenObj *token, layerObj *layer) {
  (void)layer;
  for (;;) {
    int stop = 0;
    switch (msyylex()) {
    case (EOF):
      msSetError(MS_EOFERR, NULL, "loadScaletoken()");
      return (MS_FAILURE);
    case (NAME):
      if (getString(&token->name) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      break;
    case (VALUES):
      for (;;) {
        if (stop)
          break;
        switch (msyylex()) {
        case (EOF):
          msSetError(MS_EOFERR, NULL, "loadScaletoken()");
          return (MS_FAILURE);
        case (END):
          stop = 1;
          if (token->n_entries == 0) {
            msSetError(MS_PARSEERR,
                       "Scaletoken (line:%d) has no VALUES defined",
                       "loadScaleToken()", msyylineno);
            return (MS_FAILURE);
          }
          token->tokens[token->n_entries - 1].maxscale = DBL_MAX;
          break;
        case (MS_STRING):
          /* we have a key */
          token->tokens =
              msSmallRealloc(token->tokens, (token->n_entries + 1) *
                                                sizeof(scaleTokenEntryObj));

          if (1 != sscanf(msyystring_buffer, "%lf",
                          &token->tokens[token->n_entries].minscale)) {
            msSetError(MS_PARSEERR,
                       "failed to parse SCALETOKEN VALUE (%s):(line %d), "
                       "expecting \"minscale\"",
                       "loadScaletoken()", msyystring_buffer, msyylineno);
            return (MS_FAILURE);
          }
          if (token->n_entries == 0) {
            /* check supplied value was 0*/
            if (token->tokens[0].minscale != 0) {
              msSetError(MS_PARSEERR,
                         "First SCALETOKEN VALUE (%s):(line %d) must be zero, "
                         "expecting \"0\"",
                         "loadScaletoken()", msyystring_buffer, msyylineno);
              return (MS_FAILURE);
            }
          } else {
            /* set max scale of previous token */
            token->tokens[token->n_entries - 1].maxscale =
                token->tokens[token->n_entries].minscale;
          }
          token->tokens[token->n_entries].value = NULL;
          if (getString(&(token->tokens[token->n_entries].value)) == MS_FAILURE)
            return (MS_FAILURE);
          token->n_entries++;
          break;
        default:
          msSetError(MS_IDENTERR, "Parsing error near (%s):(line %d)",
                     "loadScaletoken()", msyystring_buffer, msyylineno);
          return (MS_FAILURE);
        }
      }
      break;
    case (END):
      if (!token->name || !*(token->name)) {
        msSetError(MS_PARSEERR,
                   "ScaleToken missing mandatory NAME entry (line %d)",
                   "loadScaleToken()", msyylineno);
        return MS_FAILURE;
      }
      if (token->n_entries == 0) {
        msSetError(MS_PARSEERR,
                   "ScaleToken missing at least one VALUES entry (line %d)",
                   "loadScaleToken()", msyylineno);
        return MS_FAILURE;
      }
      return MS_SUCCESS;
    default:
      msSetError(MS_IDENTERR, "Parsing error 2 near (%s):(line %d)",
                 "loadScaletoken()", msyystring_buffer, msyylineno);
      return (MS_FAILURE);
    }
  } /* next token*/
}

static const struct {
  CompositingOperation eOp;
  const char *pszName;
} CompOps[] = {
    {MS_COMPOP_CLEAR, "clear"},
    {MS_COMPOP_COLOR_BURN, "color-burn"},
    {MS_COMPOP_COLOR_DODGE, "color-dodge"},
    {MS_COMPOP_CONTRAST, "contrast"},
    {MS_COMPOP_DARKEN, "darken"},
    {MS_COMPOP_DIFFERENCE, "difference"},
    {MS_COMPOP_DST, "dst"},
    {MS_COMPOP_DST_ATOP, "dst-atop"},
    {MS_COMPOP_DST_IN, "dst-in"},
    {MS_COMPOP_DST_OUT, "dst-out"},
    {MS_COMPOP_DST_OVER, "dst-over"},
    {MS_COMPOP_EXCLUSION, "exclusion"},
    {MS_COMPOP_HARD_LIGHT, "hard-light"},
    {MS_COMPOP_HSL_COLOR, "hsl-color"},
    {MS_COMPOP_HSL_HUE, "hsl-hue"},
    {MS_COMPOP_HSL_LUMINOSITY, "hsl-luminosity"},
    {MS_COMPOP_HSL_SATURATION, "hsl-saturation"},
    {MS_COMPOP_INVERT, "invert"},
    {MS_COMPOP_INVERT_RGB, "invert-rgb"},
    {MS_COMPOP_LIGHTEN, "lighten"},
    {MS_COMPOP_MINUS, "minus"},
    {MS_COMPOP_MULTIPLY, "multiply"},
    {MS_COMPOP_OVERLAY, "overlay"},
    {MS_COMPOP_PLUS, "plus"},
    {MS_COMPOP_SCREEN, "screen"},
    {MS_COMPOP_SOFT_LIGHT, "soft-light"},
    {MS_COMPOP_SRC, "src"},
    {MS_COMPOP_SRC_ATOP, "src-atop"},
    {MS_COMPOP_SRC_IN, "src-in"},
    {MS_COMPOP_SRC_OUT, "src-out"},
    {MS_COMPOP_SRC_OVER, "src-over"},
    {MS_COMPOP_XOR, "xor"},
};

#define SIZEOF_COMP_OPS ((int)(sizeof(CompOps) / sizeof(CompOps[0])))

int loadLayerCompositer(LayerCompositer *compositer) {
  for (;;) {
    switch (msyylex()) {
    case COMPFILTER: {
      CompositingFilter **filter = &compositer->filter;
      while (*filter) {
        filter = &((*filter)->next);
      }
      *filter = msSmallMalloc(sizeof(CompositingFilter));
      initCompositingFilter(*filter);
      if (getString(&((*filter)->filter)) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (MS_FAILURE);
    } break;
    case COMPOP: {
      char *compop = NULL;
      if (getString(&compop) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (MS_FAILURE);

      bool bFound = false;
      for (int i = 0; i < SIZEOF_COMP_OPS; ++i) {
        if (strcmp(compop, CompOps[i].pszName) == 0) {
          bFound = true;
          compositer->comp_op = CompOps[i].eOp;
          break;
        }
      }
      if (!bFound) {
        msSetError(MS_PARSEERR, "Unknown COMPOP \"%s\"",
                   "loadLayerCompositer()", compop);
        free(compop);
        return MS_FAILURE;
      }
      free(compop);
    } break;
    case END:
      return MS_SUCCESS;
    case OPACITY:
      if (getInteger(&(compositer->opacity), MS_NUM_CHECK_RANGE, 0, 100) ==
          -1) {
        msSetError(MS_PARSEERR, "OPACITY must be between 0 and 100 (line %d)",
                   "loadLayerCompositer()", msyylineno);
        return MS_FAILURE;
      }
      break;
    default:
      msSetError(MS_IDENTERR, "Parsing error 2 near (%s):(line %d)",
                 "loadLayerCompositer()", msyystring_buffer, msyylineno);
      return (MS_FAILURE);
    }
  }
}

static int loadIdentification(layerObj *layer) {
  for (;;) {
    switch (msyylex()) {
    case TOLERANCE:
      if (getDouble(&(layer->tolerance), MS_NUM_CHECK_GTE, 0, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;

    case TOLERANCEUNITS:
      if ((layer->toleranceunits = getSymbol(
               8, MS_INCHES, MS_FEET, MS_MILES, MS_METERS, MS_KILOMETERS,
               MS_NAUTICALMILES, MS_DD, MS_PIXELS)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;

    case CLASSGROUP:
      if (getString(&layer->identificationclassgroup) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1);
      break;

    case CLASSAUTO:
      layer->identificationclassauto = MS_TRUE;
      break;

    case END:
      return MS_SUCCESS;

    default:
      msSetError(MS_IDENTERR, "Parsing error 2 near (%s):(line %d)",
                 "loadIdentification()", msyystring_buffer, msyylineno);
      return (MS_FAILURE);
    }
  }
}

int loadLayer(layerObj *layer, mapObj *map) {
  int type;

  layer->map = (mapObj *)map;

  for (;;) {
    switch (msyylex()) {
    case (BINDVALS):
      if (loadHashTable(&(layer->bindvals)) != MS_SUCCESS)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (CLASS):
      if (msGrowLayerClasses(layer) == NULL)
        return (-1);
      initClass(layer->class[layer->numclasses]);
      if (loadClass(layer->class[layer->numclasses], layer) == -1) {
        freeClass(layer->class[layer->numclasses]);
        free(layer->class[layer->numclasses]);
        layer->class[layer->numclasses] = NULL;
        return (-1);
      }
      layer->numclasses++;
      break;
    case (CLUSTER):
      if (loadCluster(&layer->cluster) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (CLASSGROUP):
      if (getString(&layer->classgroup) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1); /* getString() cleans up previously allocated string */
      break;
    case (CLASSITEM):
      if (getString(&layer->classitem) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1); /* getString() cleans up previously allocated string */
      break;
    case (COMPOSITE): {
      LayerCompositer *compositer = msSmallMalloc(sizeof(LayerCompositer));
      initLayerCompositer(compositer);
      if (MS_FAILURE == loadLayerCompositer(compositer)) {
        freeLayerCompositer(compositer);
        return -1;
      }
      if (!layer->compositer) {
        layer->compositer = compositer;
      } else {
        LayerCompositer *lctmp = layer->compositer;
        while (lctmp->next)
          lctmp = lctmp->next;
        lctmp->next = compositer;
      }
      break;
    }
    case (CONNECTION):
      if (getString(&layer->connection) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1); /* getString() cleans up previously allocated string */
      break;
    case (CONNECTIONTYPE):
      if ((type = getSymbol(14, MS_OGR, MS_POSTGIS, MS_WMS, MS_ORACLESPATIAL,
                            MS_WFS, MS_GRATICULE, MS_PLUGIN, MS_UNION,
                            MS_UVRASTER, MS_CONTOUR, MS_KERNELDENSITY, MS_IDW,
                            MS_FLATGEOBUF, MS_RASTER_LABEL)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      layer->connectiontype = type;
      break;
    case (DATA):
      if (getString(&layer->data) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1); /* getString() cleans up previously allocated string */
      break;
    case (DEBUG):
      if ((layer->debug = getSymbol(3, MS_ON, MS_OFF, MS_NUMBER)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      if (layer->debug == MS_NUMBER) {
        if (msCheckNumber(msyynumber, MS_NUM_CHECK_RANGE, 0, 5) == MS_FAILURE) {
          msSetError(MS_MISCERR,
                     "Invalid DEBUG level, must be between 0 and 5 (line %d)",
                     "loadLayer()", msyylineno);
          return (-1);
        }
        layer->debug = (int)msyynumber;
      }
      break;
    case (EOF):
      msSetError(MS_EOFERR, NULL, "loadLayer()");
      return (-1);
      break;
    case (ENCODING):
      if (getString(&layer->encoding) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (END):
      if ((int)layer->type == -1) {
        msSetError(MS_MISCERR, "Layer type not set.", "loadLayer()");
        return (-1);
      }

      return (0);
      break;
    case (EXTENT): {
      if (getDouble(&(layer->extent.minx), MS_NUM_CHECK_NONE, -1, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      if (getDouble(&(layer->extent.miny), MS_NUM_CHECK_NONE, -1, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      if (getDouble(&(layer->extent.maxx), MS_NUM_CHECK_NONE, -1, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      if (getDouble(&(layer->extent.maxy), MS_NUM_CHECK_NONE, -1, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      if (!MS_VALID_EXTENT(layer->extent)) {
        msSetError(MS_MISCERR,
                   "Given layer extent is invalid. Check that it is in the "
                   "form: minx, miny, maxx, maxy",
                   "loadLayer()");
        return (-1);
      }
      break;
    }
    case (FEATURE):
      if ((int)layer->type == -1) {
        msSetError(MS_MISCERR,
                   "Layer type must be set before defining inline features.",
                   "loadLayer()");
        return (-1);
      }

      if (layer->type == MS_LAYER_POLYGON)
        type = MS_SHAPE_POLYGON;
      else if (layer->type == MS_LAYER_LINE)
        type = MS_SHAPE_LINE;
      else
        type = MS_SHAPE_POINT;

      layer->connectiontype = MS_INLINE;

      if (loadFeature(layer, type) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (FILTER):
      if (loadExpression(&(layer->filter)) == -1)
        return (-1); /* loadExpression() cleans up previously allocated
                        expression */
      break;
    case (FILTERITEM):
      if (getString(&layer->filteritem) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1); /* getString() cleans up previously allocated string */
      break;
    case (FOOTER):
      if (getString(&layer->footer) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1); /* getString() cleans up previously allocated string */
      break;
    case (GRID):
      layer->connectiontype = MS_GRATICULE;
      if (layer->grid) {
        freeGrid(layer->grid);
        msFree(layer->grid);
      }
      layer->grid = (void *)malloc(sizeof(graticuleObj));
      MS_CHECK_ALLOC(layer->grid, sizeof(graticuleObj), -1);

      initGrid(layer->grid);
      loadGrid(layer);
      break;
    case (GROUP):
      if (getString(&layer->group) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1); /* getString() cleans up previously allocated string */
      break;
    case (GEOMTRANSFORM): {
      if (getSymbol(1, MS_EXPRESSION) == -1)
        return (MS_FAILURE);
      /* handle expression case here for the moment */
      msFree(layer->_geomtransform.string);
      layer->_geomtransform.string = msStrdup(msyystring_buffer);
      layer->_geomtransform.type = MS_GEOMTRANSFORM_EXPRESSION;
    } break;
    case (HEADER):
      if (getString(&layer->header) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1); /* getString() cleans up previously allocated string */
      break;
    case (JOIN):
      if (layer->numjoins == MS_MAXJOINS) { /* no room */
        msSetError(MS_IDENTERR, "Maximum number of joins reached.",
                   "loadLayer()");
        return (-1);
      }

      if (loadJoin(&(layer->joins[layer->numjoins])) == -1) {
        freeJoin(&(layer->joins[layer->numjoins]));
        return (-1);
      }
      layer->numjoins++;
      break;
    case (LABELCACHE):
      if ((layer->labelcache = getSymbol(2, MS_ON, MS_OFF)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (LABELITEM):
      if (getString(&layer->labelitem) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1); /* getString() cleans up previously allocated string */
      break;
    case (LABELMAXSCALE):
    case (LABELMAXSCALEDENOM):
      if (getDouble(&(layer->labelmaxscaledenom), MS_NUM_CHECK_GTE, 0, -1) ==
          -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (LABELMINSCALE):
    case (LABELMINSCALEDENOM):
      if (getDouble(&(layer->labelminscaledenom), MS_NUM_CHECK_GTE, 0, -1) ==
          -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (LABELREQUIRES):
      if (getString(&layer->labelrequires) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1); /* getString() cleans up previously allocated string */
      break;
    case (LAYER):
      break; /* for string loads */
    case (MASK):
      if (getString(&layer->mask) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1); /* getString() cleans up previously allocated string */
      break;
    case (MAXFEATURES):
      if (getInteger(&(layer->maxfeatures), MS_NUM_CHECK_GT, 0, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (MAXSCALE):
    case (MAXSCALEDENOM):
      if (getDouble(&(layer->maxscaledenom), MS_NUM_CHECK_GTE, 0, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (MAXGEOWIDTH):
      if (getDouble(&(layer->maxgeowidth), MS_NUM_CHECK_GT, 0, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (METADATA):
      if (loadHashTable(&(layer->metadata)) != MS_SUCCESS)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (MINSCALE):
    case (MINSCALEDENOM):
      if (getDouble(&(layer->minscaledenom), MS_NUM_CHECK_GTE, 0, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (MINGEOWIDTH):
      if (getDouble(&(layer->mingeowidth), MS_NUM_CHECK_GT, 0, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (MINFEATURESIZE):
      if (getInteger(&(layer->minfeaturesize), MS_NUM_CHECK_GT, 0, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (NAME):
      if (getString(&layer->name) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (OFFSITE):
      if (loadColor(&(layer->offsite), NULL) != MS_SUCCESS)
        return (-1);
      break;

    case (CONNECTIONOPTIONS):
      if (loadHashTable(&(layer->connectionoptions)) != MS_SUCCESS)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (MS_PLUGIN): {
      int rv;
      if (map->config) { // value *must* represent a config key
        char *value = NULL;
        const char *plugin_library = NULL;

        if (getString(&value) == MS_FAILURE)
          return (-1);
        plugin_library = msConfigGetPlugin(map->config, value);
        msFree(value);
        if (!plugin_library) {
          msSetError(MS_MISCERR,
                     "Plugin value not found in config file. See "
                     "mapserver.org/mapfile/config.html for more information.",
                     "loadLayer()");
          return (-1);
        }
        msFree(layer->plugin_library_original);
        layer->plugin_library_original = strdup(plugin_library);
      } else {
        if (getString(&layer->plugin_library_original) == MS_FAILURE)
          return (-1);
      }
      rv = msBuildPluginLibraryPath(&layer->plugin_library,
                                    layer->plugin_library_original, map);
      if (rv == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1);
    } break;
    case (PROCESSING): {
      /* NOTE: processing array maintained as size+1 with NULL terminator.
               This ensure that CSL (GDAL string list) functions can be
               used on the list for easy processing. */
      char *value = NULL;
      if (getString(&value) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1);
      msLayerAddProcessing(layer, value);
      free(value);
      value = NULL;
    } break;
    case (POSTLABELCACHE):
      if ((layer->postlabelcache = getSymbol(2, MS_TRUE, MS_FALSE)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      if (layer->postlabelcache)
        layer->labelcache = MS_OFF;
      break;
    case (PROJECTION):
      if (loadProjection(&(layer->projection), map) == -1)
        return (-1);
      layer->project = MS_TRUE;
      break;
    case (REQUIRES):
      if (getString(&layer->requires) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1); /* getString() cleans up previously allocated string */
      break;
    case (SCALETOKEN):
      if (msGrowLayerScaletokens(layer) == NULL)
        return (-1);
      initScaleToken(&layer->scaletokens[layer->numscaletokens]);
      if (loadScaletoken(&layer->scaletokens[layer->numscaletokens], layer) ==
          -1) {
        freeScaleToken(&layer->scaletokens[layer->numscaletokens]);
        return (-1);
      }
      layer->numscaletokens++;
      break;
    case (SIZEUNITS):
      if ((layer->sizeunits = getSymbol(
               8, MS_INCHES, MS_FEET, MS_MILES, MS_METERS, MS_KILOMETERS,
               MS_NAUTICALMILES, MS_DD, MS_PIXELS)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (STATUS):
      if ((layer->status = getSymbol(3, MS_ON, MS_OFF, MS_DEFAULT)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (STYLEITEM):
      if (getString(&layer->styleitem) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1); /* getString() cleans up previously allocated string */
      break;
    case (SYMBOLSCALE):
    case (SYMBOLSCALEDENOM):
      if (getDouble(&(layer->symbolscaledenom), MS_NUM_CHECK_GTE, 1, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (TEMPLATE):
      if (getString(&layer->template) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1); /* getString() cleans up previously allocated string */
      break;
    case (TILEINDEX):
      if (getString(&layer->tileindex) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1); /* getString() cleans up previously allocated string */
      break;
    case (TILEITEM):
      if (getString(&layer->tileitem) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1); /* getString() cleans up previously allocated string */
      break;
    case (TILESRS):
      if (getString(&layer->tilesrs) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1); /* getString() cleans up previously allocated string */
      break;
    case (IDENTIFY):
      if (loadIdentification(layer) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (TOLERANCE):
      if (getDouble(&(layer->tolerance), MS_NUM_CHECK_GTE, 0, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (TOLERANCEUNITS):
      if ((layer->toleranceunits = getSymbol(
               8, MS_INCHES, MS_FEET, MS_MILES, MS_METERS, MS_KILOMETERS,
               MS_NAUTICALMILES, MS_DD, MS_PIXELS)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (TRANSFORM):
      if ((layer->transform =
               getSymbol(11, MS_TRUE, MS_FALSE, MS_UL, MS_UC, MS_UR, MS_CL,
                         MS_CC, MS_CR, MS_LL, MS_LC, MS_LR)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (TYPE):
      if ((type =
               getSymbol(9, MS_LAYER_POINT, MS_LAYER_LINE, MS_LAYER_RASTER,
                         MS_LAYER_POLYGON, MS_LAYER_ANNOTATION, MS_LAYER_QUERY,
                         MS_LAYER_CIRCLE, MS_LAYER_CHART, TILEINDEX)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      if (type == TILEINDEX)
        type = MS_LAYER_TILEINDEX; /* TILEINDEX is also a parameter */
      if (type == MS_LAYER_ANNOTATION) {
        msSetError(MS_IDENTERR,
                   "Annotation Layers have been removed. To obtain same "
                   "functionality, use a layer with label->styles and no "
                   "class->styles",
                   "loadLayer()");
        return -1;
      }
      layer->type = type;
      break;
    case (UNITS):
      if ((layer->units = getSymbol(9, MS_INCHES, MS_FEET, MS_MILES, MS_METERS,
                                    MS_KILOMETERS, MS_NAUTICALMILES, MS_DD,
                                    MS_PIXELS, MS_PERCENTAGES)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (UTFDATA):
      if (loadExpression(&(layer->utfdata)) == -1)
        return (-1); /* loadExpression() cleans up previously allocated
                        expression */
      break;
    case (UTFITEM):
      if (getString(&layer->utfitem) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (VALIDATION):
      if (loadHashTable(&(layer->validation)) != MS_SUCCESS)
        return (-1);
      break;
    default:
      if (strlen(msyystring_buffer) > 0) {
        msSetError(MS_IDENTERR, "Parsing error near (%s):(line %d)",
                   "loadLayer()", msyystring_buffer, msyylineno);
        return (-1);
      } else {
        return (0); /* end of a string, not an error */
      }
    }
  } /* next token */
}

int msUpdateLayerFromString(layerObj *layer, char *string) {
  int i;

  if (!layer || !string)
    return MS_FAILURE;

  msAcquireLock(TLOCK_PARSER);

  msyystate = MS_TOKENIZE_STRING;
  msyystring = string;
  msyylex(); /* sets things up, but doesn't process any tokens */

  msyylineno = 1; /* start at line 1 */

  if (loadLayer(layer, layer->map) == -1) {
    msReleaseLock(TLOCK_PARSER);
    return MS_FAILURE; /* parse error */
    ;
  }

  msyylex_destroy();
  msReleaseLock(TLOCK_PARSER);

  /* step through classes to resolve symbol names */
  for (i = 0; i < layer->numclasses; i++) {
    if (classResolveSymbolNames(layer->class[i]) != MS_SUCCESS)
      return MS_FAILURE;
  }

  return MS_SUCCESS;
}

static void writeCompositingFilter(FILE *stream, int indent,
                                   CompositingFilter *filter) {
  while (filter) {
    writeString(stream, indent, "COMPFILTER", "", filter->filter);
    filter = filter->next;
  }
}

static void writeLayerCompositer(FILE *stream, int indent,
                                 LayerCompositer *compositor) {
  indent++;
  while (compositor) {
    writeBlockBegin(stream, indent, "COMPOSITE");
    writeCompositingFilter(stream, indent, compositor->filter);
    if (compositor->comp_op != MS_COMPOP_SRC_OVER) {

      bool bFound = false;
      for (int i = 0; i < SIZEOF_COMP_OPS; ++i) {
        if (compositor->comp_op == CompOps[i].eOp) {
          bFound = true;
          writeString(stream, indent, "COMPOP", NULL, CompOps[i].pszName);
          break;
        }
      }
      if (!bFound) {
        assert(0);
      }
    }
    writeNumber(stream, indent, "OPACITY", 100, compositor->opacity);
    writeBlockEnd(stream, indent, "COMPOSITE");
    compositor = compositor->next;
  }
}
static void writeLayer(FILE *stream, int indent, layerObj *layer) {
  int i;
  featureListNodeObjPtr current = NULL;

  if (layer->status == MS_DELETE)
    return;

  indent++;
  writeBlockBegin(stream, indent, "LAYER");
  writeHashTable(stream, indent, "BINDVALS", &(layer->bindvals));
  /* class - see below */
  writeString(stream, indent, "CLASSGROUP", NULL, layer->classgroup);
  writeString(stream, indent, "CLASSITEM", NULL, layer->classitem);
  writeCluster(stream, indent, &(layer->cluster));
  writeLayerCompositer(stream, indent, layer->compositer);
  writeString(stream, indent, "CONNECTION", NULL, layer->connection);
  writeKeyword(stream, indent, "CONNECTIONTYPE", layer->connectiontype, 12,
               MS_OGR, "OGR", MS_POSTGIS, "POSTGIS", MS_WMS, "WMS",
               MS_ORACLESPATIAL, "ORACLESPATIAL", MS_WFS, "WFS", MS_PLUGIN,
               "PLUGIN", MS_UNION, "UNION", MS_UVRASTER, "UVRASTER", MS_CONTOUR,
               "CONTOUR", MS_KERNELDENSITY, "KERNELDENSITY", MS_IDW, "IDW",
               MS_FLATGEOBUF, "FLATGEOBUF");
  writeHashTable(stream, indent, "CONNECTIONOPTIONS",
                 &(layer->connectionoptions));
  writeString(stream, indent, "DATA", NULL, layer->data);
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "DEBUG", 0,
              layer->debug); /* is this right? see loadLayer() */
  writeString(stream, indent, "ENCODING", NULL, layer->encoding);
  writeExtent(stream, indent, "EXTENT", layer->extent);
  writeExpression(stream, indent, "FILTER", &(layer->filter));
  writeString(stream, indent, "FILTERITEM", NULL, layer->filteritem);
  writeString(stream, indent, "FOOTER", NULL, layer->footer);
  writeString(stream, indent, "GROUP", NULL, layer->group);

  if (layer->_geomtransform.type == MS_GEOMTRANSFORM_EXPRESSION) {
    writeIndent(stream, indent + 1);
    fprintf(stream, "GEOMTRANSFORM (%s)\n", layer->_geomtransform.string);
  }

  writeString(stream, indent, "HEADER", NULL, layer->header);
  /* join - see below */
  writeKeyword(stream, indent, "LABELCACHE", layer->labelcache, 1, MS_OFF,
               "OFF");
  writeString(stream, indent, "LABELITEM", NULL, layer->labelitem);
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "LABELMAXSCALEDENOM", -1,
              layer->labelmaxscaledenom);
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "LABELMINSCALEDENOM", -1,
              layer->labelminscaledenom);
  writeString(stream, indent, "LABELREQUIRES", NULL, layer->labelrequires);
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "MAXFEATURES", -1, layer->maxfeatures);
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "MAXGEOWIDTH", -1, layer->maxgeowidth);
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "MAXSCALEDENOM", -1, layer->maxscaledenom);
  writeString(stream, indent, "MASK", NULL, layer->mask);
  writeHashTable(stream, indent, "METADATA", &(layer->metadata));
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "MINGEOWIDTH", -1, layer->mingeowidth);
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "MINSCALEDENOM", -1, layer->minscaledenom);
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "MINFEATURESIZE", -1, layer->minfeaturesize);
  writeString(stream, indent, "NAME", NULL, layer->name);
  writeColor(stream, indent, "OFFSITE", NULL, &(layer->offsite));
  writeString(stream, indent, "PLUGIN", NULL, layer->plugin_library_original);
  writeKeyword(stream, indent, "POSTLABELCACHE", layer->postlabelcache, 1,
               MS_TRUE, "TRUE");
  for (i = 0; layer->processing && layer->processing[i]; i++)
    writeString(stream, indent, "PROCESSING", NULL, layer->processing[i]);
  writeKeyword(stream, indent, "PROCESSING", layer->rendermode, 1,
               MS_ALL_MATCHING_CLASSES, "\"RENDERMODE=ALL_MATCHING_CLASSES\"");
  writeProjection(stream, indent, &(layer->projection));
  writeString(stream, indent, "REQUIRES", NULL, layer->requires);
  writeKeyword(stream, indent, "SIZEUNITS", layer->sizeunits, 7, MS_INCHES,
               "INCHES", MS_FEET, "FEET", MS_MILES, "MILES", MS_METERS,
               "METERS", MS_KILOMETERS, "KILOMETERS", MS_NAUTICALMILES,
               "NAUTICALMILES", MS_DD, "DD");
  writeKeyword(stream, indent, "STATUS", layer->status, 3, MS_ON, "ON", MS_OFF,
               "OFF", MS_DEFAULT, "DEFAULT");
  writeString(stream, indent, "STYLEITEM", NULL, layer->styleitem);
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "SYMBOLSCALEDENOM", -1, layer->symbolscaledenom);
  writeString(stream, indent, "TEMPLATE", NULL, layer->template);
  writeString(stream, indent, "TILEINDEX", NULL, layer->tileindex);
  writeString(stream, indent, "TILEITEM", NULL, layer->tileitem);
  writeString(stream, indent, "TILESRS", NULL, layer->tilesrs);
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "TOLERANCE", -1, layer->tolerance);
  writeKeyword(stream, indent, "TOLERANCEUNITS", layer->toleranceunits, 7,
               MS_INCHES, "INCHES", MS_FEET, "FEET", MS_MILES, "MILES",
               MS_METERS, "METERS", MS_KILOMETERS, "KILOMETERS",
               MS_NAUTICALMILES, "NAUTICALMILES", MS_DD, "DD");
  writeIdentify(stream, indent, layer);
  writeKeyword(stream, indent, "TRANSFORM", layer->transform, 10, MS_FALSE,
               "FALSE", MS_UL, "UL", MS_UC, "UC", MS_UR, "UR", MS_CL, "CL",
               MS_CC, "CC", MS_CR, "CR", MS_LL, "LL", MS_LC, "LC", MS_LR, "LR");
  writeKeyword(stream, indent, "TYPE", layer->type, 9, MS_LAYER_POINT, "POINT",
               MS_LAYER_LINE, "LINE", MS_LAYER_POLYGON, "POLYGON",
               MS_LAYER_RASTER, "RASTER", MS_LAYER_ANNOTATION, "ANNOTATION",
               MS_LAYER_QUERY, "QUERY", MS_LAYER_CIRCLE, "CIRCLE",
               MS_LAYER_TILEINDEX, "TILEINDEX", MS_LAYER_CHART, "CHART");
  writeKeyword(stream, indent, "UNITS", layer->units, 9, MS_INCHES, "INCHES",
               MS_FEET, "FEET", MS_MILES, "MILES", MS_METERS, "METERS",
               MS_KILOMETERS, "KILOMETERS", MS_NAUTICALMILES, "NAUTICALMILES",
               MS_DD, "DD", MS_PIXELS, "PIXELS", MS_PERCENTAGES,
               "PERCENTATGES");
  writeExpression(stream, indent, "UTFDATA", &(layer->utfdata));
  writeString(stream, indent, "UTFITEM", NULL, layer->utfitem);
  writeHashTable(stream, indent, "VALIDATION", &(layer->validation));

  /* write potentially multiply occurring objects last */
  for (i = 0; i < layer->numscaletokens; i++)
    writeScaleToken(stream, indent, &(layer->scaletokens[i]));
  for (i = 0; i < layer->numjoins; i++)
    writeJoin(stream, indent, &(layer->joins[i]));
  for (i = 0; i < layer->numclasses; i++)
    writeClass(stream, indent, layer->class[i]);

  if (layer->grid && layer->connectiontype == MS_GRATICULE)
    writeGrid(stream, indent, layer->grid);
  else {
    current = layer->features;
    while (current != NULL) {
      writeFeature(stream, indent, &(current->shape));
      current = current->next;
    }
  }

  writeBlockEnd(stream, indent, "LAYER");
  writeLineFeed(stream);
}

char *msWriteLayerToString(layerObj *layer) {
  msIOContext context;
  msIOBuffer buffer;

  context.label = NULL;
  context.write_channel = MS_TRUE;
  context.readWriteFunc = msIO_bufferWrite;
  context.cbData = &buffer;
  buffer.data = NULL;
  buffer.data_len = 0;
  buffer.data_offset = 0;

  msIO_installHandlers(NULL, &context, NULL);

  writeLayer(stdout, -1, layer);
  msIO_bufferWrite(&buffer, "", 1);

  msIO_installHandlers(NULL, NULL, NULL);

  return (char *)buffer.data;
}

/*
** Initialize, load and free a referenceMapObj structure
*/
void initReferenceMap(referenceMapObj *ref) {
  ref->height = ref->width = 0;
  ref->extent.minx = ref->extent.miny = ref->extent.maxx = ref->extent.maxy =
      -1.0;
  ref->image = NULL;
  MS_INIT_COLOR(ref->color, 255, 0, 0, 255);
  MS_INIT_COLOR(ref->outlinecolor, 0, 0, 0, 255);
  ref->status = MS_OFF;
  ref->marker = 0;
  ref->markername = NULL;
  ref->markersize = 0;
  ref->minboxsize = 3;
  ref->maxboxsize = 0;
  ref->map = NULL;
}

void freeReferenceMap(referenceMapObj *ref) {
  msFree(ref->image);
  msFree(ref->markername);
}

int loadReferenceMap(referenceMapObj *ref, mapObj *map) {
  int state;

  ref->map = (mapObj *)map;

  for (;;) {
    switch (msyylex()) {
    case (EOF):
      msSetError(MS_EOFERR, NULL, "loadReferenceMap()");
      return (-1);
    case (END):
      if (!ref->image) {
        msSetError(MS_MISCERR, "No image defined for the reference map.",
                   "loadReferenceMap()");
        return (-1);
      }
      if (ref->width == 0 || ref->height == 0) {
        msSetError(MS_MISCERR, "No image size defined for the reference map.",
                   "loadReferenceMap()");
        return (-1);
      }
      return (0);
      break;
    case (COLOR):
      if (loadColor(&(ref->color), NULL) != MS_SUCCESS)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (EXTENT):
      if (getDouble(&(ref->extent.minx), MS_NUM_CHECK_NONE, -1, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      if (getDouble(&(ref->extent.miny), MS_NUM_CHECK_NONE, -1, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      if (getDouble(&(ref->extent.maxx), MS_NUM_CHECK_NONE, -1, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      if (getDouble(&(ref->extent.maxy), MS_NUM_CHECK_NONE, -1, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      if (!MS_VALID_EXTENT(ref->extent)) {
        msSetError(MS_MISCERR,
                   "Given reference extent is invalid. Check that it "
                   "is in the form: minx, miny, maxx, maxy",
                   "loadReferenceMap()");
        return (-1);
      }
      break;
    case (IMAGE):
      if (getString(&ref->image) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (OUTLINECOLOR):
      if (loadColor(&(ref->outlinecolor), NULL) != MS_SUCCESS)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (SIZE):
      if (getInteger(&(ref->width), MS_NUM_CHECK_RANGE, 5, ref->map->maxsize) ==
          -1)
        return (-1); // is 5 reasonable?
      if (getInteger(&(ref->height), MS_NUM_CHECK_RANGE, 5,
                     ref->map->maxsize) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (STATUS):
      if ((ref->status = getSymbol(2, MS_ON, MS_OFF)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (MARKER):
      if ((state = getSymbol(2, MS_NUMBER, MS_STRING)) == -1)
        return (-1);

      if (state == MS_NUMBER) {
        if (msCheckNumber(msyynumber, MS_NUM_CHECK_GTE, 0, -1) == MS_FAILURE) {
          msSetError(MS_MISCERR,
                     "Invalid MARKER, must be greater than 0 (line %d)",
                     "loadReferenceMap()", msyylineno);
          return (-1);
        }
        ref->marker = (int)msyynumber;
      } else {
        if (ref->markername != NULL)
          msFree(ref->markername);
        ref->markername = msStrdup(msyystring_buffer);
      }
      break;
    case (MARKERSIZE):
      if (getInteger(&(ref->markersize), MS_NUM_CHECK_GT, 0, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (MINBOXSIZE):
      if (getInteger(&(ref->minboxsize), MS_NUM_CHECK_GT, 0, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (MAXBOXSIZE):
      if (getInteger(&(ref->maxboxsize), MS_NUM_CHECK_GT, 0, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (REFERENCE):
      break; /* for string loads */
    default:
      if (strlen(msyystring_buffer) > 0) {
        msSetError(MS_IDENTERR, "Parsing error near (%s):(line %d)",
                   "loadReferenceMap()", msyystring_buffer, msyylineno);
        return (-1);
      } else {
        return (0); /* end of a string, not an error */
      }
    }
  } /* next token */
}

int msUpdateReferenceMapFromString(referenceMapObj *ref, char *string) {
  if (!ref || !string)
    return MS_FAILURE;

  msAcquireLock(TLOCK_PARSER);

  msyystate = MS_TOKENIZE_STRING;
  msyystring = string;
  msyylex(); /* sets things up, but doesn't process any tokens */

  msyylineno = 1; /* start at line 1 */

  if (loadReferenceMap(ref, ref->map) == -1) {
    msReleaseLock(TLOCK_PARSER);
    return MS_FAILURE; /* parse error */
    ;
  }

  msyylex_destroy();
  msReleaseLock(TLOCK_PARSER);
  return MS_SUCCESS;
}

static void writeReferenceMap(FILE *stream, int indent, referenceMapObj *ref) {
  colorObj c;

  if (!ref->image)
    return;

  indent++;
  writeBlockBegin(stream, indent, "REFERENCE");
  MS_INIT_COLOR(c, 255, 0, 0, 255);
  writeColor(stream, indent, "COLOR", &c, &(ref->color));
  writeExtent(stream, indent, "EXTENT", ref->extent);
  writeString(stream, indent, "IMAGE", NULL, ref->image);
  MS_INIT_COLOR(c, 0, 0, 0, 255);
  writeColor(stream, indent, "OUTLINECOLOR", &c, &(ref->outlinecolor));
  writeDimension(stream, indent, "SIZE", ref->width, ref->height, NULL, NULL);
  writeKeyword(stream, indent, "STATUS", ref->status, 2, MS_ON, "ON", MS_OFF,
               "OFF");
  writeNumberOrString(stream, indent, "MARKER", 0, ref->marker,
                      ref->markername);
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "MARKERSIZE", -1, ref->markersize);
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "MAXBOXSIZE", -1, ref->maxboxsize);
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "MINBOXSIZE", -1, ref->minboxsize);
  writeBlockEnd(stream, indent, "REFERENCE");
  writeLineFeed(stream);
}

char *msWriteReferenceMapToString(referenceMapObj *ref) {
  msIOContext context;
  msIOBuffer buffer;

  context.label = NULL;
  context.write_channel = MS_TRUE;
  context.readWriteFunc = msIO_bufferWrite;
  context.cbData = &buffer;
  buffer.data = NULL;
  buffer.data_len = 0;
  buffer.data_offset = 0;

  msIO_installHandlers(NULL, &context, NULL);

  writeReferenceMap(stdout, -1, ref);
  msIO_bufferWrite(&buffer, "", 1);

  msIO_installHandlers(NULL, NULL, NULL);

  return (char *)buffer.data;
}

#define MAX_FORMATOPTIONS 100

static int loadOutputFormat(mapObj *map) {
  char *name = NULL;
  char *mimetype = NULL;
  char *driver = NULL;
  char *extension = NULL;
  int imagemode = MS_NOOVERRIDE;
  int transparent = MS_NOOVERRIDE;
  char *formatoptions[MAX_FORMATOPTIONS];
  int numformatoptions = 0;
  char *value = NULL;

  for (;;) {
    switch (msyylex()) {
    case (EOF):
      msSetError(MS_EOFERR, NULL, "loadOutputFormat()");
      goto load_output_error;

    case (END): {
      outputFormatObj *format;

      if (driver == NULL) {
        msSetError(MS_MISCERR,
                   "OUTPUTFORMAT clause lacks DRIVER keyword near (%s):(%d)",
                   "loadOutputFormat()", msyystring_buffer, msyylineno);
        goto load_output_error;
      }

      format = msCreateDefaultOutputFormat(map, driver, name, NULL);
      if (format == NULL) {
        msSetError(MS_MISCERR,
                   "OUTPUTFORMAT (%s) clause references driver (%s), but this "
                   "driver isn't configured.",
                   "loadOutputFormat()", name, driver);
        goto load_output_error;
      }
      msFree(name);
      name = NULL;
      msFree(driver);
      driver = NULL;

      if (transparent != MS_NOOVERRIDE)
        format->transparent = transparent;
      if (extension != NULL) {
        msFree(format->extension);
        format->extension = extension;
        extension = NULL;
      }
      if (mimetype != NULL) {
        msFree(format->mimetype);
        format->mimetype = mimetype;
        mimetype = NULL;
      }
      if (imagemode != MS_NOOVERRIDE) {
        if (format->renderer != MS_RENDER_WITH_AGG ||
            imagemode != MS_IMAGEMODE_PC256) {
          /* don't force to PC256 with agg, this can happen when using mapfile
           * defined GD outputformats that are now falling back to agg/png8
           */
          format->imagemode = imagemode;
        }

        if (transparent == MS_NOOVERRIDE) {
          if (imagemode == MS_IMAGEMODE_RGB)
            format->transparent = MS_FALSE;
          else if (imagemode == MS_IMAGEMODE_RGBA)
            format->transparent = MS_TRUE;
        }
        if (format->imagemode == MS_IMAGEMODE_INT16 ||
            format->imagemode == MS_IMAGEMODE_FLOAT32 ||
            format->imagemode == MS_IMAGEMODE_BYTE)
          format->renderer = MS_RENDER_WITH_RAWDATA;
      }
      while (numformatoptions--) {
        char *key = strchr(formatoptions[numformatoptions], '=');
        if (!key || !*(key + 1)) {
          msSetError(
              MS_MISCERR,
              "Failed to parse FORMATOPTION, expecting \"KEY=VALUE\" syntax.",
              "loadOutputFormat()");
          goto load_output_error;
        }
        *key = 0;
        key++;
        msSetOutputFormatOption(format, formatoptions[numformatoptions], key);
        free(formatoptions[numformatoptions]);
      }

      format->inmapfile = MS_TRUE;

      msOutputFormatValidate(format, MS_FALSE);
      return (0);
    }
    case (NAME):
      msFree(name);
      if ((name = getToken()) == NULL)
        goto load_output_error;
      break;
    case (MIMETYPE):
      if (getString(&mimetype) == MS_FAILURE)
        goto load_output_error;
      break;
    case (DRIVER): {
      int s;
      if ((s = getSymbol(2, MS_STRING, TEMPLATE)) ==
          -1) /* allow the template to be quoted or not in the mapfile */
        goto load_output_error;
      free(driver);
      if (s == MS_STRING)
        driver = msStrdup(msyystring_buffer);
      else
        driver = msStrdup("TEMPLATE");
    } break;
    case (EXTENSION):
      if (getString(&extension) == MS_FAILURE)
        goto load_output_error;
      if (extension[0] == '.') {
        char *temp = msStrdup(extension + 1);
        free(extension);
        extension = temp;
      }
      break;
    case (FORMATOPTION):
      if (getString(&value) == MS_FAILURE)
        goto load_output_error;
      if (numformatoptions < MAX_FORMATOPTIONS)
        formatoptions[numformatoptions++] = value;
      value = NULL;
      break;
    case (IMAGEMODE):
      value = getToken();
      if (strcasecmp(value, "PC256") == 0)
        imagemode = MS_IMAGEMODE_PC256;
      else if (strcasecmp(value, "RGB") == 0)
        imagemode = MS_IMAGEMODE_RGB;
      else if (strcasecmp(value, "RGBA") == 0)
        imagemode = MS_IMAGEMODE_RGBA;
      else if (strcasecmp(value, "INT16") == 0)
        imagemode = MS_IMAGEMODE_INT16;
      else if (strcasecmp(value, "FLOAT32") == 0)
        imagemode = MS_IMAGEMODE_FLOAT32;
      else if (strcasecmp(value, "BYTE") == 0)
        imagemode = MS_IMAGEMODE_BYTE;
      else if (strcasecmp(value, "FEATURE") == 0)
        imagemode = MS_IMAGEMODE_FEATURE;
      else {
        msSetError(MS_IDENTERR,
                   "Parsing error near (%s):(line %d), expected PC256, RGB, "
                   "RGBA, FEATURE, BYTE, INT16, or FLOAT32 for IMAGEMODE.",
                   "loadOutputFormat()", msyystring_buffer, msyylineno);
        goto load_output_error;
      }
      free(value);
      value = NULL;
      break;
    case (TRANSPARENT):
      if ((transparent = getSymbol(2, MS_ON, MS_OFF)) == -1)
        goto load_output_error;
      break;
    default:
      msSetError(MS_IDENTERR, "Parsing error near (%s):(line %d)",
                 "loadOutputFormat()", msyystring_buffer, msyylineno);
      goto load_output_error;
    }
  } /* next token */
load_output_error:
  msFree(driver);
  msFree(extension);
  msFree(mimetype);
  msFree(name);
  msFree(value);
  return -1;
}

/*
** utility function to write an output format structure to file
*/
static void writeOutputformatobject(FILE *stream, int indent,
                                    outputFormatObj *outputformat) {
  int i = 0;
  if (!outputformat)
    return;

  indent++;
  writeBlockBegin(stream, indent, "OUTPUTFORMAT");
  writeString(stream, indent, "NAME", NULL, outputformat->name);
  writeString(stream, indent, "MIMETYPE", NULL, outputformat->mimetype);
  writeString(stream, indent, "DRIVER", NULL, outputformat->driver);
  writeString(stream, indent, "EXTENSION", NULL, outputformat->extension);
  writeKeyword(stream, indent, "IMAGEMODE", outputformat->imagemode, 7,
               MS_IMAGEMODE_PC256, "PC256", MS_IMAGEMODE_RGB, "RGB",
               MS_IMAGEMODE_RGBA, "RGBA", MS_IMAGEMODE_INT16, "INT16",
               MS_IMAGEMODE_FLOAT32, "FLOAT32", MS_IMAGEMODE_BYTE, "BYTE",
               MS_IMAGEMODE_FEATURE, "FEATURE");
  writeKeyword(stream, indent, "TRANSPARENT", outputformat->transparent, 2,
               MS_TRUE, "TRUE", MS_FALSE, "FALSE");
  for (i = 0; i < outputformat->numformatoptions; i++)
    writeString(stream, indent, "FORMATOPTION", NULL,
                outputformat->formatoptions[i]);
  writeBlockEnd(stream, indent, "OUTPUTFORMAT");
  writeLineFeed(stream);
}

/*
** Write the output formats to file
*/
static void writeOutputformat(FILE *stream, int indent, mapObj *map) {
  int i = 0;
  if (!map->outputformat)
    return;

  writeOutputformatobject(stream, indent, map->outputformat);
  for (i = 0; i < map->numoutputformats; i++) {
    if (map->outputformatlist[i]->inmapfile == MS_TRUE &&
        strcmp(map->outputformatlist[i]->name, map->outputformat->name) != 0)
      writeOutputformatobject(stream, indent, map->outputformatlist[i]);
  }
}

/*
** Initialize, load and free a legendObj structure
*/
void initLegend(legendObj *legend) {
  legend->height = legend->width = 0;
  MS_INIT_COLOR(legend->imagecolor, 255, 255, 255, 255); /* white */
  MS_INIT_COLOR(legend->outlinecolor, -1, -1, -1, 255);
  initLabel(&legend->label);
  legend->label.position = MS_XY; /* override */
  legend->keysizex = 20;
  legend->keysizey = 10;
  legend->keyspacingx = 5;
  legend->keyspacingy = 5;
  legend->status = MS_OFF;
  legend->transparent = MS_NOOVERRIDE;
  legend->position = MS_LL;
  legend->postlabelcache = MS_FALSE; /* draw with labels */
  legend->template = NULL;
  legend->map = NULL;
}

void freeLegend(legendObj *legend) {
  if (legend->template)
    free(legend->template);
  freeLabel(&(legend->label));
}

int loadLegend(legendObj *legend, mapObj *map) {
  legend->map = (mapObj *)map;

  for (;;) {
    switch (msyylex()) {
    case (EOF):
      msSetError(MS_EOFERR, NULL, "loadLegend()");
      return (-1);
    case (END):
      legend->label.position = MS_XY; /* overrides go here */
      return (0);
      break;
    case (IMAGECOLOR):
      if (loadColor(&(legend->imagecolor), NULL) != MS_SUCCESS)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (KEYSIZE):
      if (getInteger(&(legend->keysizex), MS_NUM_CHECK_RANGE,
                     MS_LEGEND_KEYSIZE_MIN, MS_LEGEND_KEYSIZE_MAX) == -1)
        return (-1);
      if (getInteger(&(legend->keysizey), MS_NUM_CHECK_RANGE,
                     MS_LEGEND_KEYSIZE_MIN, MS_LEGEND_KEYSIZE_MAX) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (KEYSPACING):
      if (getInteger(&(legend->keyspacingx), MS_NUM_CHECK_RANGE,
                     MS_LEGEND_KEYSPACING_MIN, MS_LEGEND_KEYSPACING_MAX) == -1)
        return (-1);
      if (getInteger(&(legend->keyspacingy), MS_NUM_CHECK_RANGE,
                     MS_LEGEND_KEYSPACING_MIN, MS_LEGEND_KEYSPACING_MAX) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (LABEL):
      if (loadLabel(&(legend->label)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      legend->label.angle = 0; /* force */
      break;
    case (LEGEND):
      break; /* for string loads */
    case (OUTLINECOLOR):
      if (loadColor(&(legend->outlinecolor), NULL) != MS_SUCCESS)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (POSITION):
      if ((legend->position =
               getSymbol(6, MS_UL, MS_UR, MS_LL, MS_LR, MS_UC, MS_LC)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (POSTLABELCACHE):
      if ((legend->postlabelcache = getSymbol(2, MS_TRUE, MS_FALSE)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (STATUS):
      if ((legend->status = getSymbol(3, MS_ON, MS_OFF, MS_EMBED)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (TRANSPARENT):
      if ((legend->transparent = getSymbol(2, MS_ON, MS_OFF)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (TEMPLATE):
      if (getString(&legend->template) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1);
      break;
    default:
      if (strlen(msyystring_buffer) > 0) {
        msSetError(MS_IDENTERR, "Parsing error near (%s):(line %d)",
                   "loadLegend()", msyystring_buffer, msyylineno);
        return (-1);
      } else {
        return (0); /* end of a string, not an error */
      }
    }
  } /* next token */
}

int msUpdateLegendFromString(legendObj *legend, char *string) {
  if (!legend || !string)
    return MS_FAILURE;

  msAcquireLock(TLOCK_PARSER);

  msyystate = MS_TOKENIZE_STRING;
  msyystring = string;
  msyylex(); /* sets things up, but doesn't process any tokens */

  msyylineno = 1; /* start at line 1 */

  if (loadLegend(legend, legend->map) == -1) {
    msReleaseLock(TLOCK_PARSER);
    return MS_FAILURE; /* parse error */
    ;
  }

  msyylex_destroy();
  msReleaseLock(TLOCK_PARSER);
  return MS_SUCCESS;
}

static void writeLegend(FILE *stream, int indent, legendObj *legend) {
  colorObj c;

  indent++;
  writeBlockBegin(stream, indent, "LEGEND");
  MS_INIT_COLOR(c, 255, 255, 255, 255);
  writeColor(stream, indent, "IMAGECOLOR", &c, &(legend->imagecolor));
  writeDimension(stream, indent, "KEYSIZE", legend->keysizex, legend->keysizey,
                 NULL, NULL);
  writeDimension(stream, indent, "KEYSPACING", legend->keyspacingx,
                 legend->keyspacingy, NULL, NULL);
  writeLabel(stream, indent, &(legend->label));
  writeColor(stream, indent, "OUTLINECOLOR", NULL, &(legend->outlinecolor));
  if (legend->status == MS_EMBED)
    writeKeyword(stream, indent, "POSITION", legend->position, 6, MS_LL, "LL",
                 MS_UL, "UL", MS_UR, "UR", MS_LR, "LR", MS_UC, "UC", MS_LC,
                 "LC");
  writeKeyword(stream, indent, "POSTLABELCACHE", legend->postlabelcache, 1,
               MS_TRUE, "TRUE");
  writeKeyword(stream, indent, "STATUS", legend->status, 3, MS_ON, "ON", MS_OFF,
               "OFF", MS_EMBED, "EMBED");
  writeKeyword(stream, indent, "TRANSPARENT", legend->transparent, 2, MS_TRUE,
               "TRUE", MS_FALSE, "FALSE");
  writeString(stream, indent, "TEMPLATE", NULL, legend->template);
  writeBlockEnd(stream, indent, "LEGEND");
  writeLineFeed(stream);
}

char *msWriteLegendToString(legendObj *legend) {
  msIOContext context;
  msIOBuffer buffer;

  context.label = NULL;
  context.write_channel = MS_TRUE;
  context.readWriteFunc = msIO_bufferWrite;
  context.cbData = &buffer;
  buffer.data = NULL;
  buffer.data_len = 0;
  buffer.data_offset = 0;

  msIO_installHandlers(NULL, &context, NULL);

  writeLegend(stdout, -1, legend);
  msIO_bufferWrite(&buffer, "", 1);

  msIO_installHandlers(NULL, NULL, NULL);

  return (char *)buffer.data;
}

/*
** Initialize, load and free a scalebarObj structure
*/
void initScalebar(scalebarObj *scalebar) {
  MS_INIT_COLOR(scalebar->imagecolor, -1, -1, -1, 255);
  scalebar->width = 200;
  scalebar->height = 3;
  scalebar->style = 0; /* only 2 styles at this point */
  scalebar->intervals = 4;
  initLabel(&scalebar->label);
  scalebar->label.position = MS_XY; /* override */
  MS_INIT_COLOR(scalebar->backgroundcolor, -1, -1, -1,
                255); /* if not set, scalebar creation needs to set this to
                         match the background color */
  MS_INIT_COLOR(scalebar->color, 0, 0, 0, 255); /* default to black */
  MS_INIT_COLOR(scalebar->outlinecolor, -1, -1, -1, 255);
  scalebar->units = MS_MILES;
  scalebar->measure = MS_SCALEBAR_MEASURE_CARTESIAN;
  scalebar->status = MS_OFF;
  scalebar->position = MS_LL;
  scalebar->transparent = MS_NOOVERRIDE; /* no transparency */
  scalebar->postlabelcache = MS_FALSE;   /* draw with labels */
  scalebar->align = MS_ALIGN_CENTER;
  scalebar->offsetx = 0;
  scalebar->offsety = 0;
}

MS_DLL_EXPORT void freeScalebar(scalebarObj *scalebar) {
  freeLabel(&(scalebar->label));
}

int loadScalebar(scalebarObj *scalebar) {
  for (;;) {
    switch (msyylex()) {
    case (ALIGN):
      if ((scalebar->align = getSymbol(3, MS_ALIGN_LEFT, MS_ALIGN_CENTER,
                                       MS_ALIGN_RIGHT)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (BACKGROUNDCOLOR):
      if (loadColor(&(scalebar->backgroundcolor), NULL) != MS_SUCCESS)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (COLOR):
      if (loadColor(&(scalebar->color), NULL) != MS_SUCCESS)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (EOF):
      msSetError(MS_EOFERR, NULL, "loadScalebar()");
      return (-1);
    case (END):
      return (0);
      break;
    case (IMAGECOLOR):
      if (loadColor(&(scalebar->imagecolor), NULL) != MS_SUCCESS)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (INTERVALS):
      if (getInteger(&(scalebar->intervals), MS_NUM_CHECK_RANGE,
                     MS_SCALEBAR_INTERVALS_MIN,
                     MS_SCALEBAR_INTERVALS_MAX) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (LABEL):
      if (loadLabel(&(scalebar->label)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      scalebar->label.angle = 0;
      break;
    case (MS_STRING):
      if (!EQUAL(msyystring_buffer, "MEASURE"))
        goto scalebar_parse_error;
      if (msyylex() != MS_STRING)
        goto scalebar_parse_error;
      if (EQUAL(msyystring_buffer, "CARTESIAN"))
        scalebar->measure = MS_SCALEBAR_MEASURE_CARTESIAN;
      else if (EQUAL(msyystring_buffer, "GEODESIC"))
        scalebar->measure = MS_SCALEBAR_MEASURE_GEODESIC;
      else
        goto scalebar_parse_error;
      break;
    case (OUTLINECOLOR):
      if (loadColor(&(scalebar->outlinecolor), NULL) != MS_SUCCESS)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (POSITION):
      if ((scalebar->position =
               getSymbol(6, MS_UL, MS_UR, MS_LL, MS_LR, MS_UC, MS_LC)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (POSTLABELCACHE):
      if ((scalebar->postlabelcache = getSymbol(2, MS_TRUE, MS_FALSE)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (SCALEBAR):
      break; /* for string loads */
    case (SIZE):
      if (getInteger(&(scalebar->width), MS_NUM_CHECK_RANGE,
                     MS_SCALEBAR_WIDTH_MIN, MS_SCALEBAR_WIDTH_MAX) == -1)
        return (-1);
      if (getInteger(&(scalebar->height), MS_NUM_CHECK_RANGE,
                     MS_SCALEBAR_HEIGHT_MIN, MS_SCALEBAR_HEIGHT_MAX) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (STATUS):
      if ((scalebar->status = getSymbol(3, MS_ON, MS_OFF, MS_EMBED)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (STYLE):
      if (getInteger(&(scalebar->style), MS_NUM_CHECK_RANGE, 0, 1) == -1)
        return (-1); // only 2 styles: 0 and 1
      break;
    case (TRANSPARENT):
      if ((scalebar->transparent = getSymbol(2, MS_ON, MS_OFF)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (UNITS):
      if ((scalebar->units =
               getSymbol(6, MS_INCHES, MS_FEET, MS_MILES, MS_METERS,
                         MS_KILOMETERS, MS_NAUTICALMILES)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (OFFSET):
      if (getInteger(&(scalebar->offsetx), MS_NUM_CHECK_RANGE,
                     MS_SCALEBAR_OFFSET_MIN, MS_SCALEBAR_OFFSET_MAX) == -1)
        return (-1);
      if (getInteger(&(scalebar->offsety), MS_NUM_CHECK_RANGE,
                     MS_SCALEBAR_OFFSET_MIN, MS_SCALEBAR_OFFSET_MAX) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    default:
    scalebar_parse_error:
      if (strlen(msyystring_buffer) > 0) {
        msSetError(MS_IDENTERR, "Parsing error near (%s):(line %d)",
                   "loadScalebar()", msyystring_buffer, msyylineno);
        return (-1);
      } else {
        return (0); /* end of a string, not an error */
      }
    }
  } /* next token */
}

int msUpdateScalebarFromString(scalebarObj *scalebar, char *string) {
  if (!scalebar || !string)
    return MS_FAILURE;

  msAcquireLock(TLOCK_PARSER);

  msyystate = MS_TOKENIZE_STRING;
  msyystring = string;
  msyylex(); /* sets things up, but doesn't process any tokens */

  msyylineno = 1; /* start at line 1 */

  if (loadScalebar(scalebar) == -1) {
    msReleaseLock(TLOCK_PARSER);
    return MS_FAILURE; /* parse error */
    ;
  }

  msyylex_destroy();
  msReleaseLock(TLOCK_PARSER);
  return MS_SUCCESS;
}

static void writeScalebar(FILE *stream, int indent, scalebarObj *scalebar) {
  colorObj c;

  indent++;
  writeBlockBegin(stream, indent, "SCALEBAR");
  writeKeyword(stream, indent, "ALIGN", scalebar->align, 2, MS_ALIGN_LEFT,
               "LEFT", MS_ALIGN_RIGHT, "RIGHT");
  writeColor(stream, indent, "BACKGROUNDCOLOR", NULL,
             &(scalebar->backgroundcolor));
  MS_INIT_COLOR(c, 0, 0, 0, 255);
  writeColor(stream, indent, "COLOR", &c, &(scalebar->color));
  writeColor(stream, indent, "IMAGECOLOR", NULL, &(scalebar->imagecolor));
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "INTERVALS", -1, scalebar->intervals);
  writeLabel(stream, indent, &(scalebar->label));
  writeKeyword(stream, indent, "MEASURE", scalebar->measure, 2,
               MS_SCALEBAR_MEASURE_CARTESIAN, "CARTESIAN",
               MS_SCALEBAR_MEASURE_GEODESIC, "GEODESIC");
  writeColor(stream, indent, "OUTLINECOLOR", NULL, &(scalebar->outlinecolor));
  if (scalebar->status == MS_EMBED)
    writeKeyword(stream, indent, "POSITION", scalebar->position, 6, MS_LL, "LL",
                 MS_UL, "UL", MS_UR, "UR", MS_LR, "LR", MS_UC, "UC", MS_LC,
                 "LC");
  writeKeyword(stream, indent, "POSTLABELCACHE", scalebar->postlabelcache, 1,
               MS_TRUE, "TRUE");
  writeDimension(stream, indent, "SIZE", scalebar->width, scalebar->height,
                 NULL, NULL);
  writeKeyword(stream, indent, "STATUS", scalebar->status, 3, MS_ON, "ON",
               MS_OFF, "OFF", MS_EMBED, "EMBED");
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "STYLE", 0, scalebar->style);
  writeKeyword(stream, indent, "TRANSPARENT", scalebar->transparent, 2, MS_TRUE,
               "TRUE", MS_FALSE, "FALSE");
  writeKeyword(stream, indent, "UNITS", scalebar->units, 6, MS_INCHES, "INCHES",
               MS_FEET, "FEET", MS_MILES, "MILES", MS_METERS, "METERS",
               MS_KILOMETERS, "KILOMETERS", MS_NAUTICALMILES, "NAUTICALMILES");
  writeBlockEnd(stream, indent, "SCALEBAR");
  writeLineFeed(stream);
}

char *msWriteScalebarToString(scalebarObj *scalebar) {
  msIOContext context;
  msIOBuffer buffer;

  context.label = NULL;
  context.write_channel = MS_TRUE;
  context.readWriteFunc = msIO_bufferWrite;
  context.cbData = &buffer;
  buffer.data = NULL;
  buffer.data_len = 0;
  buffer.data_offset = 0;

  msIO_installHandlers(NULL, &context, NULL);

  writeScalebar(stdout, -1, scalebar);
  msIO_bufferWrite(&buffer, "", 1);

  msIO_installHandlers(NULL, NULL, NULL);

  return (char *)buffer.data;
}

/*
** Initialize a queryMapObj structure
*/
void initQueryMap(queryMapObj *querymap) {
  querymap->width = querymap->height = -1;
  querymap->style = MS_HILITE;
  querymap->status = MS_OFF;
  MS_INIT_COLOR(querymap->color, 255, 255, 0, 255); /* yellow */
}

int loadQueryMap(queryMapObj *querymap, mapObj *map) {
  querymap->map = (mapObj *)map;

  for (;;) {
    switch (msyylex()) {
    case (QUERYMAP):
      break; /* for string loads */
    case (COLOR):
      if (loadColor(&(querymap->color), NULL) != MS_SUCCESS)
        return MS_FAILURE;
      break;
    case (EOF):
      msSetError(MS_EOFERR, NULL, "loadQueryMap()");
      return (-1);
    case (END):
      return (0);
      break;
    case (SIZE):
      /*
       ** we do -1 (and avoid 0) here to maintain backwards compatibility as
       *older versions write "SIZE -1 -1" when saving a mapfile
       */
      if (getInteger(&(querymap->width), MS_NUM_CHECK_RANGE, -1,
                     querymap->map->maxsize) == -1 ||
          querymap->width == 0) {
        msSetError(MS_MISCERR, "Invalid SIZE value (line %d)", "loadQueryMap()",
                   msyylineno);
        return (-1);
      }
      if (getInteger(&(querymap->height), MS_NUM_CHECK_RANGE, -1,
                     querymap->map->maxsize) == -1 ||
          querymap->height == 0) {
        msSetError(MS_MISCERR, "Invalid SIZE value (line %d)", "loadQueryMap()",
                   msyylineno);
        return (-1);
      }
      break;
    case (STATUS):
      if ((querymap->status = getSymbol(2, MS_ON, MS_OFF)) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (STYLE):
    case (TYPE):
      if ((querymap->style = getSymbol(3, MS_NORMAL, MS_HILITE, MS_SELECTED)) ==
          -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    default:
      if (strlen(msyystring_buffer) > 0) {
        msSetError(MS_IDENTERR, "Parsing error near (%s):(line %d)",
                   "loadQueryMap()", msyystring_buffer, msyylineno);
        return (-1);
      } else {
        return (0); /* end of a string, not an error */
      }
    }
  }
}

int msUpdateQueryMapFromString(queryMapObj *querymap, char *string) {
  if (!querymap || !string)
    return MS_FAILURE;

  msAcquireLock(TLOCK_PARSER);

  msyystate = MS_TOKENIZE_STRING;
  msyystring = string;
  msyylex(); /* sets things up, but doesn't process any tokens */

  msyylineno = 1; /* start at line 1 */

  if (loadQueryMap(querymap, querymap->map) == -1) {
    msReleaseLock(TLOCK_PARSER);
    return MS_FAILURE; /* parse error */
    ;
  }

  msyylex_destroy();
  msReleaseLock(TLOCK_PARSER);
  return MS_SUCCESS;
}

static void writeQueryMap(FILE *stream, int indent, queryMapObj *querymap) {
  colorObj c;

  indent++;
  writeBlockBegin(stream, indent, "QUERYMAP");
  MS_INIT_COLOR(c, 255, 255, 0, 255);
  writeColor(stream, indent, "COLOR", &c, &(querymap->color));
  if (querymap->width != -1 &&
      querymap->height != -1) // don't write SIZE if not explicitly set
    writeDimension(stream, indent, "SIZE", querymap->width, querymap->height,
                   NULL, NULL);
  writeKeyword(stream, indent, "STATUS", querymap->status, 2, MS_ON, "ON",
               MS_OFF, "OFF");
  writeKeyword(stream, indent, "STYLE", querymap->style, 3, MS_NORMAL, "NORMAL",
               MS_HILITE, "HILITE", MS_SELECTED, "SELECTED");
  writeBlockEnd(stream, indent, "QUERYMAP");
  writeLineFeed(stream);
}

char *msWriteQueryMapToString(queryMapObj *querymap) {
  msIOContext context;
  msIOBuffer buffer;

  context.label = NULL;
  context.write_channel = MS_TRUE;
  context.readWriteFunc = msIO_bufferWrite;
  context.cbData = &buffer;
  buffer.data = NULL;
  buffer.data_len = 0;
  buffer.data_offset = 0;

  msIO_installHandlers(NULL, &context, NULL);

  writeQueryMap(stdout, -1, querymap);
  msIO_bufferWrite(&buffer, "", 1);

  msIO_installHandlers(NULL, NULL, NULL);

  return (char *)buffer.data;
}

/*
** Initialize a webObj structure
*/
void initWeb(webObj *web) {
  web->template = NULL;
  web->header = web->footer = NULL;
  web->error = web->empty = NULL;
  web->mintemplate = web->maxtemplate = NULL;
  web->minscaledenom = web->maxscaledenom = -1;
  web->imagepath = msStrdup("");
  web->temppath = NULL;
  web->imageurl = msStrdup("");

  initHashTable(&(web->metadata));
  initHashTable(&(web->validation));

  web->map = NULL;
  web->queryformat = msStrdup("text/html");
  web->legendformat = msStrdup("text/html");
  web->browseformat = msStrdup("text/html");
}

void freeWeb(webObj *web) {
  msFree(web->template);
  msFree(web->header);
  msFree(web->footer);
  msFree(web->error);
  msFree(web->empty);
  msFree(web->maxtemplate);
  msFree(web->mintemplate);
  msFree(web->imagepath);
  msFree(web->temppath);
  msFree(web->imageurl);
  msFree(web->queryformat);
  msFree(web->legendformat);
  msFree(web->browseformat);
  msFreeHashItems(&(web->metadata));
  msFreeHashItems(&(web->validation));
}

static void writeWeb(FILE *stream, int indent, webObj *web) {
  indent++;
  writeBlockBegin(stream, indent, "WEB");
  writeString(stream, indent, "BROWSEFORMAT", "text/html", web->browseformat);
  writeString(stream, indent, "EMPTY", NULL, web->empty);
  writeString(stream, indent, "ERROR", NULL, web->error);
  writeString(stream, indent, "FOOTER", NULL, web->footer);
  writeString(stream, indent, "HEADER", NULL, web->header);
  writeString(stream, indent, "IMAGEPATH", "", web->imagepath);
  writeString(stream, indent, "TEMPPATH", NULL, web->temppath);
  writeString(stream, indent, "IMAGEURL", "", web->imageurl);
  writeString(stream, indent, "LEGENDFORMAT", "text/html", web->legendformat);
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "MAXSCALEDENOM", -1, web->maxscaledenom);
  writeString(stream, indent, "MAXTEMPLATE", NULL, web->maxtemplate);
  writeHashTable(stream, indent, "METADATA", &(web->metadata));
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "MINSCALEDENOM", -1, web->minscaledenom);
  writeString(stream, indent, "MINTEMPLATE", NULL, web->mintemplate);
  writeString(stream, indent, "QUERYFORMAT", "text/html", web->queryformat);
  writeString(stream, indent, "TEMPLATE", NULL, web->template);
  writeHashTable(stream, indent, "VALIDATION", &(web->validation));
  writeBlockEnd(stream, indent, "WEB");
  writeLineFeed(stream);
}

char *msWriteWebToString(webObj *web) {
  msIOContext context;
  msIOBuffer buffer;

  context.label = NULL;
  context.write_channel = MS_TRUE;
  context.readWriteFunc = msIO_bufferWrite;
  context.cbData = &buffer;
  buffer.data = NULL;
  buffer.data_len = 0;
  buffer.data_offset = 0;

  msIO_installHandlers(NULL, &context, NULL);

  writeWeb(stdout, -1, web);
  msIO_bufferWrite(&buffer, "", 1);

  msIO_installHandlers(NULL, NULL, NULL);

  return (char *)buffer.data;
}

int loadWeb(webObj *web, mapObj *map) {
  web->map = (mapObj *)map;

  for (;;) {
    switch (msyylex()) {
    case (BROWSEFORMAT): /* change to use validation in 6.0 */
      free(web->browseformat);
      web->browseformat = NULL; /* there is a default */
      if (getString(&web->browseformat) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (EMPTY):
      if (getString(&web->empty) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (WEB):
      break; /* for string loads */
    case (EOF):
      msSetError(MS_EOFERR, NULL, "loadWeb()");
      return (-1);
    case (END):
      return (0);
      break;
    case (ERROR):
      if (getString(&web->error) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (FOOTER):
      if (getString(&web->footer) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1); /* getString() cleans up previously allocated string */
      break;
    case (HEADER):
      if (getString(&web->header) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1); /* getString() cleans up previously allocated string */
      break;
    case (IMAGEPATH):
      if (getString(&web->imagepath) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (TEMPPATH):
      if (getString(&web->temppath) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (IMAGEURL):
      if (getString(&web->imageurl) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (LEGENDFORMAT): /* change to use validation in 6.0 */
      free(web->legendformat);
      web->legendformat = NULL; /* there is a default */
      if (getString(&web->legendformat) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (MAXSCALEDENOM):
      if (getDouble(&web->maxscaledenom, MS_NUM_CHECK_GTE, 0, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (MAXTEMPLATE):
      if (getString(&web->maxtemplate) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (METADATA):
      if (loadHashTable(&(web->metadata)) != MS_SUCCESS)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (MINSCALEDENOM):
      if (getDouble(&web->minscaledenom, MS_NUM_CHECK_GTE, 0, -1) == -1)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (MINTEMPLATE):
      if (getString(&web->mintemplate) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (QUERYFORMAT): /* change to use validation in 6.0 */
      free(web->queryformat);
      web->queryformat = NULL; /* there is a default */
      if (getString(&web->queryformat) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1);
      break;
    case (TEMPLATE):
      if (getString(&web->template) == MS_FAILURE)
        return (-1); /* getString() cleans up previously allocated string */
      break;
    case (VALIDATION):
      if (loadHashTable(&(web->validation)) != MS_SUCCESS)
        return (-1);
      break;
    default:
      if (strlen(msyystring_buffer) > 0) {
        msSetError(MS_IDENTERR, "Parsing error near (%s):(line %d)",
                   "loadWeb()", msyystring_buffer, msyylineno);
        return (-1);
      } else {
        return (0); /* end of a string, not an error */
      }
    }
  }
}

int msUpdateWebFromString(webObj *web, char *string) {
  if (!web || !string)
    return MS_FAILURE;

  msAcquireLock(TLOCK_PARSER);

  msyystate = MS_TOKENIZE_STRING;
  msyystring = string;
  msyylex(); /* sets things up, but doesn't process any tokens */

  msyylineno = 1; /* start at line 1 */

  if (loadWeb(web, web->map) == -1) {
    msReleaseLock(TLOCK_PARSER);
    return MS_FAILURE; /* parse error */
    ;
  }

  msyylex_destroy();
  msReleaseLock(TLOCK_PARSER);
  return MS_SUCCESS;
}

/*
** Initialize, load and free a mapObj structure
**
** This really belongs in mapobject.c, but currently it also depends on
** lots of other init methods in this file.
*/

int initMap(mapObj *map) {
  int i = 0;
  MS_REFCNT_INIT(map);

  map->debug = (int)msGetGlobalDebugLevel();

  /* Set maxlayers = 0, layers[] and layerorder[] will be allocated as needed,
   * on the first call to msGrowMapLayers()
   */
  map->numlayers = 0;
  map->maxlayers = 0;
  map->layers = NULL;
  map->layerorder =
      NULL; /* used to modify the order in which the layers are drawn */

  map->status = MS_ON;
  map->name = msStrdup("MS");
  map->extent.minx = map->extent.miny = map->extent.maxx = map->extent.maxy =
      -1.0;

  map->scaledenom = -1.0;
  map->resolution = MS_DEFAULT_RESOLUTION;    /* pixels per inch */
  map->defresolution = MS_DEFAULT_RESOLUTION; /* pixels per inch */

  map->height = map->width = -1;
  map->maxsize = MS_MAXIMAGESIZE_DEFAULT;

  map->gt.need_geotransform = MS_FALSE;
  map->gt.rotation_angle = 0.0;

  map->units = MS_METERS;
  map->cellsize = 0;
  map->shapepath = NULL;
  map->mappath = NULL;
  map->sldurl = NULL;

  MS_INIT_COLOR(map->imagecolor, 255, 255, 255, 255); /* white */

  map->numoutputformats = 0;
  map->outputformatlist = NULL;
  map->outputformat = NULL;

  /* map->configoptions = msCreateHashTable();; */
  initHashTable(&(map->configoptions));

  map->imagetype = NULL;

  map->palette.numcolors = 0;

  for (i = 0; i < MS_MAX_LABEL_PRIORITY; i++) {
    map->labelcache.slots[i].labels =
        NULL; /* cache is initialize at draw time */
    map->labelcache.slots[i].cachesize = 0;
    map->labelcache.slots[i].numlabels = 0;
    map->labelcache.slots[i].markers = NULL;
    map->labelcache.slots[i].markercachesize = 0;
    map->labelcache.slots[i].nummarkers = 0;
  }

  map->fontset.filename = NULL;
  map->fontset.numfonts = 0;

  /* map->fontset.fonts = NULL; */
  initHashTable(&(map->fontset.fonts));

  msInitSymbolSet(&map->symbolset);
  map->symbolset.fontset = &(map->fontset);
  map->symbolset.map = map;

  initLegend(&map->legend);
  initScalebar(&map->scalebar);
  initWeb(&map->web);
  initReferenceMap(&map->reference);
  initQueryMap(&map->querymap);

  map->projContext = msProjectionContextGetFromPool();

  if (msInitProjection(&(map->projection)) == -1)
    return (-1);
  if (msInitProjection(&(map->latlon)) == -1)
    return (-1);

  msProjectionSetContext(&(map->projection), map->projContext);
  msProjectionSetContext(&(map->latlon), map->projContext);

  /* initialize a default "geographic" projection */
  map->latlon.numargs = 2;
  map->latlon.args[0] = msStrdup("proj=latlong");
  map->latlon.args[1] =
      msStrdup("ellps=WGS84"); /* probably want a different ellipsoid */
  if (msProcessProjection(&(map->latlon)) == -1)
    return (-1);

  map->templatepattern = map->datapattern = NULL;

  /* Encryption key information - see mapcrypto.c */
  map->encryption_key_loaded = MS_FALSE;

  msInitQuery(&(map->query));

#ifdef USE_V8_MAPSCRIPT
  map->v8context = NULL;
#endif

  map->config = NULL;

  return (0);
}

/*
** Ensure there is at least one free entry in the layers and layerorder
** arrays of this mapObj. Grow the allocated layers/layerorder arrays if
** necessary and allocate a new layer for layers[numlayers] if there is
** not already one, setting its contents to all zero bytes (i.e. does not
** call initLayer() on it).
**
** This function is safe to use for the initial allocation of the layers[]
** and layerorder[] arrays as well (i.e. when maxlayers==0 and layers==NULL)
**
** Returns a reference to the new layerObj on success, NULL on error.
*/
layerObj *msGrowMapLayers(mapObj *map) {
  /* Do we need to increase the size of layers/layerorder by
   * MS_LAYER_ALLOCSIZE?
   */
  if (map->numlayers == map->maxlayers) {
    layerObj **newLayersPtr;
    int *newLayerorderPtr;
    int i, newsize;

    newsize = map->maxlayers + MS_LAYER_ALLOCSIZE;

    /* Alloc/realloc layers */
    newLayersPtr =
        (layerObj **)realloc(map->layers, newsize * sizeof(layerObj *));
    MS_CHECK_ALLOC(newLayersPtr, newsize * sizeof(layerObj *), NULL);

    map->layers = newLayersPtr;

    /* Alloc/realloc layerorder */
    newLayerorderPtr = (int *)realloc(map->layerorder, newsize * sizeof(int));
    MS_CHECK_ALLOC(newLayerorderPtr, newsize * sizeof(int), NULL);

    map->layerorder = newLayerorderPtr;

    map->maxlayers = newsize;
    for (i = map->numlayers; i < map->maxlayers; i++) {
      map->layers[i] = NULL;
      map->layerorder[i] = 0;
    }
  }

  if (map->layers[map->numlayers] == NULL) {
    map->layers[map->numlayers] = (layerObj *)calloc(1, sizeof(layerObj));
    MS_CHECK_ALLOC(map->layers[map->numlayers], sizeof(layerObj), NULL);
  }

  return map->layers[map->numlayers];
}

int msFreeLabelCacheSlot(labelCacheSlotObj *cacheslot) {
  int i, j;

  /* free the labels */
  if (cacheslot->labels) {
    for (i = 0; i < cacheslot->numlabels; i++) {

      for (j = 0; j < cacheslot->labels[i].numtextsymbols; j++) {
        freeTextSymbol(cacheslot->labels[i].textsymbols[j]);
        free(cacheslot->labels[i].textsymbols[j]);
      }
      msFree(cacheslot->labels[i].textsymbols);

      if (cacheslot->labels[i].leaderline) {
        msFree(cacheslot->labels[i].leaderline->point);
        msFree(cacheslot->labels[i].leaderline);
        msFree(cacheslot->labels[i].leaderbbox);
      }
    }
  }
  msFree(cacheslot->labels);
  cacheslot->labels = NULL;
  cacheslot->cachesize = 0;
  cacheslot->numlabels = 0;

  msFree(cacheslot->markers);
  cacheslot->markers = NULL;
  cacheslot->markercachesize = 0;
  cacheslot->nummarkers = 0;

  return (MS_SUCCESS);
}

int msFreeLabelCache(labelCacheObj *cache) {
  int p;

  for (p = 0; p < MS_MAX_LABEL_PRIORITY; p++) {
    if (msFreeLabelCacheSlot(&(cache->slots[p])) != MS_SUCCESS)
      return MS_FAILURE;
  }

  cache->num_allocated_rendered_members = cache->num_rendered_members = 0;
  msFree(cache->rendered_text_symbols);

  return MS_SUCCESS;
}

int msInitLabelCacheSlot(labelCacheSlotObj *cacheslot) {

  if (cacheslot->labels || cacheslot->markers)
    msFreeLabelCacheSlot(cacheslot);

  cacheslot->labels = (labelCacheMemberObj *)malloc(
      sizeof(labelCacheMemberObj) * MS_LABELCACHEINITSIZE);
  MS_CHECK_ALLOC(cacheslot->labels,
                 sizeof(labelCacheMemberObj) * MS_LABELCACHEINITSIZE,
                 MS_FAILURE);

  cacheslot->cachesize = MS_LABELCACHEINITSIZE;
  cacheslot->numlabels = 0;

  cacheslot->markers = (markerCacheMemberObj *)malloc(
      sizeof(markerCacheMemberObj) * MS_LABELCACHEINITSIZE);
  MS_CHECK_ALLOC(cacheslot->markers,
                 sizeof(markerCacheMemberObj) * MS_LABELCACHEINITSIZE,
                 MS_FAILURE);

  cacheslot->markercachesize = MS_LABELCACHEINITSIZE;
  cacheslot->nummarkers = 0;

  return (MS_SUCCESS);
}

int msInitLabelCache(labelCacheObj *cache) {
  int p;

  for (p = 0; p < MS_MAX_LABEL_PRIORITY; p++) {
    if (msInitLabelCacheSlot(&(cache->slots[p])) != MS_SUCCESS)
      return MS_FAILURE;
  }
  cache->gutter = 0;
  cache->num_allocated_rendered_members = cache->num_rendered_members = 0;
  cache->rendered_text_symbols = NULL;

  return MS_SUCCESS;
}

static void writeMap(FILE *stream, int indent, mapObj *map) {
  int i;
  colorObj c;

  writeBlockBegin(stream, indent, "MAP");
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "ANGLE", 0, map->gt.rotation_angle);
  writeHashTableInline(stream, indent, "CONFIG", &(map->configoptions));
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "DEBUG", 0, map->debug);
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "DEFRESOLUTION", 72.0, map->defresolution);
  writeExtent(stream, indent, "EXTENT", map->extent);
  writeString(stream, indent, "FONTSET", NULL, map->fontset.filename);
  MS_INIT_COLOR(c, 255, 255, 255, 255);
  writeColor(stream, indent, "IMAGECOLOR", &c, &(map->imagecolor));
  writeString(stream, indent, "IMAGETYPE", NULL, map->imagetype);
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "MAXSIZE", MS_MAXIMAGESIZE_DEFAULT, map->maxsize);
  writeString(stream, indent, "NAME", NULL, map->name);
  writeNumber(stream, indent, "RESOLUTION", 72.0, map->resolution);
  writeString(stream, indent, "SHAPEPATH", NULL, map->shapepath);
  writeDimension(stream, indent, "SIZE", map->width, map->height, NULL, NULL);
  writeKeyword(stream, indent, "STATUS", map->status, 2, MS_ON, "ON", MS_OFF,
               "OFF");
  writeString(stream, indent, "SYMBOLSET", NULL, map->symbolset.filename);
  writeKeyword(stream, indent, "UNITS", map->units, 7, MS_INCHES, "INCHES",
               MS_FEET, "FEET", MS_MILES, "MILES", MS_METERS, "METERS",
               MS_KILOMETERS, "KILOMETERS", MS_NAUTICALMILES, "NAUTICALMILES",
               MS_DD, "DD");
  writeLineFeed(stream);

  writeOutputformat(stream, indent, map);

  /* write symbol with INLINE tag in mapfile */
  for (i = 0; i < map->symbolset.numsymbols; i++) {
    if (map->symbolset.symbol[i]->inmapfile)
      writeSymbol(map->symbolset.symbol[i], stream);
  }

  writeProjection(stream, indent, &(map->projection));

  writeLegend(stream, indent, &(map->legend));
  writeQueryMap(stream, indent, &(map->querymap));
  writeReferenceMap(stream, indent, &(map->reference));
  writeScalebar(stream, indent, &(map->scalebar));
  writeWeb(stream, indent, &(map->web));

  for (i = 0; i < map->numlayers; i++)
    writeLayer(stream, indent, GET_LAYER(map, map->layerorder[i]));

  writeBlockEnd(stream, indent, "MAP");
}

char *msWriteMapToString(mapObj *map) {
  msIOContext context;
  msIOBuffer buffer;

  context.label = NULL;
  context.write_channel = MS_TRUE;
  context.readWriteFunc = msIO_bufferWrite;
  context.cbData = &buffer;
  buffer.data = NULL;
  buffer.data_len = 0;
  buffer.data_offset = 0;

  msIO_installHandlers(NULL, &context, NULL);

  writeMap(stdout, 0, map);
  msIO_bufferWrite(&buffer, "", 1);

  msIO_installHandlers(NULL, NULL, NULL);

  return (char *)buffer.data;
}

int msSaveMap(mapObj *map, char *filename) {
  FILE *stream;
  char szPath[MS_MAXPATHLEN];

  if (!map) {
    msSetError(MS_MISCERR, "Map is undefined.", "msSaveMap()");
    return (-1);
  }

  if (!filename) {
    msSetError(MS_MISCERR, "Filename is undefined.", "msSaveMap()");
    return (-1);
  }

  stream = fopen(msBuildPath(szPath, map->mappath, filename), "w");
  if (!stream) {
    msSetErrorWithStatus(MS_IOERR, MS_HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "(%s)",
                         "msSaveMap()", filename);
    return (-1);
  }

  writeMap(stream, 0, map);
  fclose(stream);

  return (0);
}

static void writeConfig(FILE *stream, int indent, configObj *config) {
  writeBlockBegin(stream, indent, "CONFIG");
  writeHashTable(stream, indent, "ENV", &(config->env));
  writeHashTable(stream, indent, "MAPS", &(config->maps));
  writeBlockEnd(stream, indent, "CONFIG");
}

int msSaveConfig(configObj *config, const char *filename) {
  FILE *stream;

  if (!config) {
    msSetError(MS_MISCERR, "Config is undefined.", "msSaveConfigMap()");
    return (-1);
  }

  if (!filename) {
    msSetError(MS_MISCERR, "Filename is undefined.", "msSaveConfigMap()");
    return (-1);
  }

  stream = fopen(filename, "w");
  if (!stream) {
    msSetErrorWithStatus(MS_IOERR, MS_HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "(%s)",
                         "msSaveConfig()", filename);
    return (-1);
  }

  writeConfig(stream, 0, config);
  fclose(stream);

  return (0);
}

static int loadMapInternal(mapObj *map) {
  int foundMapToken = MS_FALSE;
  int foundBomToken = MS_FALSE;
  int token;

  for (;;) {

    token = msyylex();

    if (!foundBomToken && token == BOM) {
      foundBomToken = MS_TRUE;
      if (!foundMapToken) {
        continue; /*skip a leading bom*/
      }
    }
    if (!foundMapToken && token != MAP) {
      msSetError(MS_IDENTERR,
                 "First token must be MAP, this doesn't look like a mapfile.",
                 "msLoadMap()");
      return (MS_FAILURE);
    }

    switch (token) {

    case (CONFIG): {
      char *key = NULL, *value = NULL;

      if (getString(&key) == MS_FAILURE)
        return MS_FAILURE;

      if (getString(&value) == MS_FAILURE) {
        free(key);
        return MS_FAILURE;
      }

      if (msSetConfigOption(map, key, value) == MS_FAILURE) {
        free(key);
        free(value);
        return MS_FAILURE;
      }

      free(key);
      free(value);
    } break;
    case (DEBUG):
      if ((map->debug = getSymbol(3, MS_ON, MS_OFF, MS_NUMBER)) == -1)
        return MS_FAILURE;
      if (map->debug == MS_NUMBER) {
        if (msCheckNumber(msyynumber, MS_NUM_CHECK_RANGE, 0, 5) == MS_FAILURE) {
          msSetError(MS_MISCERR,
                     "Invalid DEBUG level, must be between 0 and 5 (line %d)",
                     "msLoadMap()", msyylineno);
          return (-1);
        }
        map->debug = (int)msyynumber;
      }
      break;
    case (END):
      if (msyyin) {
        fclose(msyyin);
        msyyin = NULL;
      }

      /*** Make config options current ***/
      msApplyMapConfigOptions(map);

      /*** Compute rotated extent info if applicable ***/
      msMapComputeGeotransform(map);

      /*** OUTPUTFORMAT related setup ***/
      if (msPostMapParseOutputFormatSetup(map) == MS_FAILURE)
        return MS_FAILURE;

      if (loadSymbolSet(&(map->symbolset), map) == -1)
        return MS_FAILURE;

      if (resolveSymbolNames(map) == MS_FAILURE)
        return MS_FAILURE;

      if (msLoadFontSet(&(map->fontset), map) == -1)
        return MS_FAILURE;

      return MS_SUCCESS;
      break;
    case (EOF):
      msSetError(MS_EOFERR, NULL, "msLoadMap()");
      return MS_FAILURE;
    case (EXTENT): {
      if (getDouble(&(map->extent.minx), MS_NUM_CHECK_NONE, -1, -1) == -1)
        return MS_FAILURE;
      if (getDouble(&(map->extent.miny), MS_NUM_CHECK_NONE, -1, -1) == -1)
        return MS_FAILURE;
      if (getDouble(&(map->extent.maxx), MS_NUM_CHECK_NONE, -1, -1) == -1)
        return MS_FAILURE;
      if (getDouble(&(map->extent.maxy), MS_NUM_CHECK_NONE, -1, -1) == -1)
        return MS_FAILURE;
      if (!MS_VALID_EXTENT(map->extent)) {
        msSetError(MS_MISCERR,
                   "Given map extent is invalid. Check that it "
                   "is in the form: minx, miny, maxx, maxy",
                   "loadMapInternal()");
        return MS_FAILURE;
      }
    } break;
    case (ANGLE): {
      double rotation_angle;
      if (getDouble(&(rotation_angle), MS_NUM_CHECK_RANGE, -360, 360) == -1)
        return MS_FAILURE;
      msMapSetRotation(map, rotation_angle);
    } break;
    case (FONTSET):
      if (getString(&map->fontset.filename) == MS_FAILURE)
        return MS_FAILURE;
      break;
    case (IMAGECOLOR):
      if (loadColor(&(map->imagecolor), NULL) != MS_SUCCESS)
        return MS_FAILURE;
      break;
    case (IMAGETYPE):
      msFree(map->imagetype);
      map->imagetype = getToken();
      break;
    case (LATLON):
      if (loadProjection(&map->latlon, map) == -1)
        return MS_FAILURE;
      break;
    case (LAYER):
      if (msGrowMapLayers(map) == NULL)
        return MS_FAILURE;
      if (initLayer((GET_LAYER(map, map->numlayers)), map) == -1)
        return MS_FAILURE;
      if (loadLayer((GET_LAYER(map, map->numlayers)), map) == -1)
        return MS_FAILURE;
      GET_LAYER(map, map->numlayers)->index =
          map->numlayers; /* save the index */
      /* Update the layer order list with the layer's index. */
      map->layerorder[map->numlayers] = map->numlayers;
      map->numlayers++;
      break;
    case (OUTPUTFORMAT):
      if (loadOutputFormat(map) == -1)
        return MS_FAILURE;
      break;
    case (LEGEND):
      if (loadLegend(&(map->legend), map) == -1)
        return MS_FAILURE;
      break;
    case (MAP):
      foundMapToken = MS_TRUE;
      break;
    case (MAXSIZE):
      if (getInteger(&(map->maxsize), MS_NUM_CHECK_GT, 0, -1) == -1)
        return MS_FAILURE;
      break;
    case (NAME):
      free(map->name);
      map->name = NULL; /* erase default */
      if (getString(&map->name) == MS_FAILURE)
        return MS_FAILURE;
      break;
    case (PROJECTION):
      if (loadProjection(&map->projection, map) == -1)
        return MS_FAILURE;
      break;
    case (QUERYMAP):
      if (loadQueryMap(&(map->querymap), map) == -1)
        return MS_FAILURE;
      break;
    case (REFERENCE):
      if (loadReferenceMap(&(map->reference), map) == -1)
        return MS_FAILURE;
      break;
    case (RESOLUTION):
      if (getDouble(&(map->resolution), MS_NUM_CHECK_RANGE, MS_RESOLUTION_MIN,
                    MS_RESOLUTION_MAX) == -1)
        return MS_FAILURE;
      break;
    case (DEFRESOLUTION):
      if (getDouble(&(map->defresolution), MS_NUM_CHECK_RANGE,
                    MS_RESOLUTION_MIN, MS_RESOLUTION_MAX) == -1)
        return MS_FAILURE;
      break;
    case (SCALE):
    case (SCALEDENOM):
      if (getDouble(&(map->scaledenom), MS_NUM_CHECK_GTE, 1, -1) == -1)
        return MS_FAILURE;
      break;
    case (SCALEBAR):
      if (loadScalebar(&(map->scalebar)) == -1)
        return MS_FAILURE;
      break;
    case (SHAPEPATH):
      if (getString(&map->shapepath) == MS_FAILURE)
        return MS_FAILURE;
      break;
    case (SIZE):
      if (getInteger(&(map->width), MS_NUM_CHECK_RANGE, 1, map->maxsize) == -1)
        return MS_FAILURE;
      if (getInteger(&(map->height), MS_NUM_CHECK_RANGE, 1, map->maxsize) == -1)
        return MS_FAILURE;
      break;
    case (STATUS):
      if ((map->status = getSymbol(2, MS_ON, MS_OFF)) == -1)
        return MS_FAILURE;
      break;
    case (SYMBOL):
      if (msGrowSymbolSet(&(map->symbolset)) == NULL)
        return MS_FAILURE;
      if ((loadSymbol(map->symbolset.symbol[map->symbolset.numsymbols],
                      map->mappath) == -1)) {
        msFreeSymbol(map->symbolset.symbol[map->symbolset.numsymbols]);
        free(map->symbolset.symbol[map->symbolset.numsymbols]);
        map->symbolset.symbol[map->symbolset.numsymbols] = NULL;
        return MS_FAILURE;
      }
      map->symbolset.symbol[map->symbolset.numsymbols]->inmapfile = MS_TRUE;
      map->symbolset.numsymbols++;
      break;
    case (SYMBOLSET):
      if (getString(&map->symbolset.filename) == MS_FAILURE)
        return MS_FAILURE;
      break;
    case (UNITS):
      if ((int)(map->units =
                    getSymbol(7, MS_INCHES, MS_FEET, MS_MILES, MS_METERS,
                              MS_KILOMETERS, MS_NAUTICALMILES, MS_DD)) == -1)
        return MS_FAILURE;
      break;
    case (WEB):
      if (loadWeb(&(map->web), map) == -1)
        return MS_FAILURE;
      break;
    default:
      msSetError(MS_IDENTERR, "Parsing error near (%s):(line %d)",
                 "msLoadMap()", msyystring_buffer, msyylineno);
      return MS_FAILURE;
    }
  } /* next token */
}

static bool msGetCWD(char *szBuffer, size_t nBufferSize,
                     const char *pszFunctionName) {
  if (NULL == getcwd(szBuffer, nBufferSize)) {
#ifndef _WIN32
    if (errno == EACCES)
      msSetError(MS_MISCERR,
                 "getcwd() failed with EACCES: you may need to force the "
                 "current directory in the mapserver launcher "
                 "(e.g -d option of spawn-fcgi)",
                 pszFunctionName);
    else if (errno == ENAMETOOLONG)
      msSetError(MS_MISCERR, "getcwd() returned a too long path",
                 pszFunctionName);
    else
      msSetError(MS_MISCERR, "getcwd() failed with errno code %d",
                 pszFunctionName, errno);
#else
    msSetError(MS_MISCERR, "getcwd() returned a too long path",
               pszFunctionName);
#endif
    return FALSE;
  }
  return TRUE;
}

/*
 * Apply any SLD styles referenced in a LAYER's STYLEITEM
 */
static void applyStyleItemToLayer(mapObj *map) {

  // applying SLD can create cloned layers so store the original layer count
  int layerCount = map->numlayers;

  for (int i = 0; i < layerCount; i++) {
    layerObj *layer = GET_LAYER(map, i);

    if (layer->styleitem && STARTS_WITH_CI(layer->styleitem, "sld://")) {
      const char *filename = layer->styleitem + strlen("sld://");

      if (*filename == '\0') {
        msSetErrorWithStatus(MS_IOERR, MS_HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
                             "Empty SLD filename: \"%s\".",
                             "applyLayerDefaultSubstitutions()",
                             layer->styleitem);
      } else {
        msSLDApplyFromFile(map, layer, filename);
      }
    }
  }
}

/*
** Sets up string-based mapfile loading and calls loadMapInternal to do the
*work.
*/
mapObj *msLoadMapFromString(char *buffer, char *new_mappath,
                            const configObj *config) {
  mapObj *map;
  struct mstimeval starttime = {0}, endtime = {0};
  char szPath[MS_MAXPATHLEN], szCWDPath[MS_MAXPATHLEN];
  char *mappath = NULL;
  int debuglevel;

  debuglevel = (int)msGetGlobalDebugLevel();

  if (debuglevel >= MS_DEBUGLEVEL_TUNING) {
    /* In debug mode, track time spent loading/parsing mapfile. */
    msGettimeofday(&starttime, NULL);
  }

  if (!buffer) {
    msSetError(MS_MISCERR, "No buffer to load.", "msLoadMapFromString()");
    return (NULL);
  }

  /*
  ** Allocate mapObj structure
  */
  map = (mapObj *)calloc(1, sizeof(mapObj));
  MS_CHECK_ALLOC(map, sizeof(mapObj), NULL);

  if (initMap(map) == -1) { /* initialize this map */
    msFreeMap(map);
    return (NULL);
  }

  map->config = config; // create a read-only reference

  msAcquireLock(TLOCK_PARSER); /* might need to move this lock a bit higher, yup
                                  (bug 2108) */

  msyystate = MS_TOKENIZE_STRING;
  msyystring = buffer;
  msyylex(); /* sets things up, but doesn't process any tokens */

  msyylineno = 1; /* start at line 1 (do lines mean anything here?) */

  /* If new_mappath is provided then use it, otherwise use the CWD */
  if (!msGetCWD(szCWDPath, MS_MAXPATHLEN, "msLoadMapFromString()")) {
    msFreeMap(map);
    msReleaseLock(TLOCK_PARSER);
    return (NULL);
  }
  if (new_mappath) {
    mappath = msStrdup(new_mappath);
    map->mappath = msStrdup(msBuildPath(szPath, szCWDPath, mappath));
  } else
    map->mappath = msStrdup(szCWDPath);

  msyybasepath = map->mappath; /* for INCLUDEs */

  if (loadMapInternal(map) != MS_SUCCESS) {
    msFreeMap(map);
    msReleaseLock(TLOCK_PARSER);
    if (mappath != NULL)
      free(mappath);
    return NULL;
  }

  if (mappath != NULL)
    free(mappath);
  msyylex_destroy();

  msReleaseLock(TLOCK_PARSER);

  applyStyleItemToLayer(map);

  if (debuglevel >= MS_DEBUGLEVEL_TUNING) {
    /* In debug mode, report time spent loading/parsing mapfile. */
    msGettimeofday(&endtime, NULL);
    msDebug("msLoadMapFromString(): %.3fs\n",
            (endtime.tv_sec + endtime.tv_usec / 1.0e6) -
                (starttime.tv_sec + starttime.tv_usec / 1.0e6));
  }

  if (resolveSymbolNames(map) == MS_FAILURE)
    return NULL;

  return map;
}

/*
** Sets up file-based mapfile loading and calls loadMapInternal to do the work.
*/
mapObj *msLoadMap(const char *filename, const char *new_mappath,
                  const configObj *config) {
  mapObj *map;
  struct mstimeval starttime = {0}, endtime = {0};
  char szPath[MS_MAXPATHLEN], szCWDPath[MS_MAXPATHLEN];
  int debuglevel;

  debuglevel = (int)msGetGlobalDebugLevel();

  if (debuglevel >= MS_DEBUGLEVEL_TUNING) {
    /* In debug mode, track time spent loading/parsing mapfile. */
    msGettimeofday(&starttime, NULL);
  }

  if (!filename) {
    msSetError(MS_MISCERR, "Filename is undefined.", "msLoadMap()");
    return (NULL);
  }

  const char *ms_mapfile_pattern =
      CPLGetConfigOption("MS_MAPFILE_PATTERN", MS_DEFAULT_MAPFILE_PATTERN);
  if (msEvalRegex(ms_mapfile_pattern, filename) != MS_TRUE) {
    msSetError(MS_REGEXERR, "Filename validation failed.", "msLoadMap()");
    return (NULL);
  }

  /*
  ** Allocate mapObj structure
  */
  map = (mapObj *)calloc(1, sizeof(mapObj));
  MS_CHECK_ALLOC(map, sizeof(mapObj), NULL);

  if (initMap(map) == -1) { /* initialize this map */
    msFreeMap(map);
    return (NULL);
  }

  map->config = config; // create a read-only reference

  msAcquireLock(TLOCK_PARSER); /* Steve: might need to move this lock a bit
                                  higher; Umberto: done */

#ifdef USE_XMLMAPFILE
  /* If the mapfile is an xml mapfile, transform it */
  const char *ms_xmlmapfile_xslt =
      CPLGetConfigOption("MS_XMLMAPFILE_XSLT", NULL);
  if (ms_xmlmapfile_xslt &&
      (msEvalRegex(MS_DEFAULT_XMLMAPFILE_PATTERN, filename) == MS_TRUE)) {

    msyyin = tmpfile();
    if (msyyin == NULL) {
      msSetErrorWithStatus(MS_IOERR, MS_HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
                           "tmpfile() failed to create temporary file",
                           "msLoadMap()");
      msReleaseLock(TLOCK_PARSER);
      msFreeMap(map);
      return NULL;
    }

    if (msTransformXmlMapfile(ms_xmlmapfile_xslt, filename, msyyin) !=
        MS_SUCCESS) {
      fclose(msyyin);
      msFreeMap(map);
      return NULL;
    }
    fseek(msyyin, 0, SEEK_SET);
  } else {
#endif
    if ((msyyin = fopen(filename, "r")) == NULL) {
      msSetErrorWithStatus(MS_IOERR, MS_HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "(%s)",
                           "msLoadMap()", filename);
      msReleaseLock(TLOCK_PARSER);
      msFreeMap(map);
      return NULL;
    }
#ifdef USE_XMLMAPFILE
  }
#endif

  msyystate = MS_TOKENIZE_FILE;
  msyylex(); /* sets things up, but doesn't process any tokens */

  msyyrestart(msyyin); /* start at line beginning, line 1 */
  msyylineno = 1;

  /* If new_mappath is provided then use it, otherwise use the location */
  /* of the mapfile as the default path */
  if (!msGetCWD(szCWDPath, MS_MAXPATHLEN, "msLoadMap()")) {
    msReleaseLock(TLOCK_PARSER);
    msFreeMap(map);
    return NULL;
  }

  if (new_mappath)
    map->mappath = msStrdup(msBuildPath(szPath, szCWDPath, new_mappath));
  else {
    char *path = msGetPath(filename);
    map->mappath = msStrdup(msBuildPath(szPath, szCWDPath, path));
    free(path);
  }

  msyybasepath = map->mappath; /* for INCLUDEs */

  if (loadMapInternal(map) != MS_SUCCESS) {
    msFreeMap(map);
    if (msyyin) {
      msyycleanup_includes();
      fclose(msyyin);
      msyyin = NULL;
    }
    msReleaseLock(TLOCK_PARSER);
    return NULL;
  }
  msReleaseLock(TLOCK_PARSER);

  applyStyleItemToLayer(map);

  if (debuglevel >= MS_DEBUGLEVEL_TUNING) {
    /* In debug mode, report time spent loading/parsing mapfile. */
    msGettimeofday(&endtime, NULL);
    msDebug("msLoadMap(): %.3fs\n",
            (endtime.tv_sec + endtime.tv_usec / 1.0e6) -
                (starttime.tv_sec + starttime.tv_usec / 1.0e6));
  }

  return map;
}

static void hashTableSubstituteString(hashTableObj *hash, const char *from,
                                      const char *to) {
  const char *key, *val;
  char *new_val;
  key = msFirstKeyFromHashTable(hash);
  while (key != NULL) {
    val = msLookupHashTable(hash, key);
    if (strcasestr(val, from)) {
      new_val = msCaseReplaceSubstring(msStrdup(val), from, to);
      msInsertHashTable(hash, key, new_val);
      msFree(new_val);
    }
    key = msNextKeyFromHashTable(hash, key);
  }
}

static void classSubstituteString(classObj *class, const char *from,
                                  const char *to) {
  if (class->expression.string)
    class->expression.string =
        msCaseReplaceSubstring(class->expression.string, from, to);
  if (class->text.string)
    class->text.string = msCaseReplaceSubstring(class->text.string, from, to);
  if (class->title)
    class->title = msCaseReplaceSubstring(class->title, from, to);
}

static void layerSubstituteString(layerObj *layer, const char *from,
                                  const char *to) {
  int c;
  if (layer->data)
    layer->data = msCaseReplaceSubstring(layer->data, from, to);
  if (layer->tileindex)
    layer->tileindex = msCaseReplaceSubstring(layer->tileindex, from, to);
  if (layer->connection)
    layer->connection = msCaseReplaceSubstring(layer->connection, from, to);
  if (layer->filter.string)
    layer->filter.string =
        msCaseReplaceSubstring(layer->filter.string, from, to);
  if (layer->mask)
    layer->mask = msCaseReplaceSubstring(layer->mask, from, to); // new for 8.0

  /* The bindvalues are most useful when able to substitute values from the URL
   */
  hashTableSubstituteString(&layer->bindvals, from, to);
  hashTableSubstituteString(&layer->metadata, from, to);
  msLayerSubstituteProcessing(layer, from, to);
  for (c = 0; c < layer->numclasses; c++) {
    classSubstituteString(layer->class[c], from, to);
  }
}

static void mapSubstituteString(mapObj *map, const char *from, const char *to) {
  int l;
  for (l = 0; l < map->numlayers; l++) {
    layerSubstituteString(GET_LAYER(map, l), from, to);
  }

  /* output formats (#3751) */
  for (l = 0; l < map->numoutputformats; l++) {
    int o;
    for (o = 0; o < map->outputformatlist[l]->numformatoptions; o++) {
      map->outputformatlist[l]->formatoptions[o] = msCaseReplaceSubstring(
          map->outputformatlist[l]->formatoptions[o], from, to);
    }
  }

  hashTableSubstituteString(&map->web.metadata, from, to);
  if (map->web.template)
    map->web.template = msCaseReplaceSubstring(map->web.template, from, to);
}

static void applyOutputFormatDefaultSubstitutions(outputFormatObj *format,
                                                  const char *option,
                                                  hashTableObj *table) {
  const char *filename;

  filename = msGetOutputFormatOption(format, option, NULL);
  if (filename && strlen(filename) > 0) {
    char *tmpfilename = msStrdup(filename);
    const char *default_key = msFirstKeyFromHashTable(table);
    while (default_key) {
      if (!strncasecmp(default_key, "default_", 8)) {
        char *new_filename = NULL;
        size_t buffer_size = (strlen(default_key) - 5);
        char *tag = (char *)msSmallMalloc(buffer_size);
        snprintf(tag, buffer_size, "%%%s%%", &(default_key[8]));

        new_filename = msStrdup(tmpfilename);
        new_filename = msCaseReplaceSubstring(
            new_filename, tag, msLookupHashTable(table, default_key));
        free(tag);

        msSetOutputFormatOption(format, option, new_filename);
        free(new_filename);
      }
      default_key = msNextKeyFromHashTable(table, default_key);
    }
    msFree(tmpfilename);
  }
  return;
}

static void applyClassDefaultSubstitutions(classObj *class,
                                           hashTableObj *table) {
  const char *default_key = msFirstKeyFromHashTable(table);
  while (default_key) {
    if (!strncasecmp(default_key, "default_", 8)) {
      size_t buffer_size = (strlen(default_key) - 5);
      char *tag = (char *)msSmallMalloc(buffer_size);
      snprintf(tag, buffer_size, "%%%s%%", &(default_key[8]));

      classSubstituteString(class, tag, msLookupHashTable(table, default_key));
      free(tag);
    }
    default_key = msNextKeyFromHashTable(table, default_key);
  }
  return;
}

static void applyLayerDefaultSubstitutions(layerObj *layer,
                                           hashTableObj *table) {
  int i;
  const char *default_key = msFirstKeyFromHashTable(table);
  while (default_key) {
    if (!strncasecmp(default_key, "default_", 8)) {
      size_t buffer_size = (strlen(default_key) - 5);
      const char *to = msLookupHashTable(table, default_key);
      char *tag = (char *)msSmallMalloc(buffer_size);
      snprintf(tag, buffer_size, "%%%s%%", &(default_key[8]));

      for (i = 0; i < layer->numclasses; i++) {
        classSubstituteString(layer->class[i], tag, to);
      }
      layerSubstituteString(layer, tag, to);
      free(tag);
    }
    default_key = msNextKeyFromHashTable(table, default_key);
  }

  return;
}

static void applyHashTableDefaultSubstitutions(hashTableObj *hashTab,
                                               hashTableObj *table) {
  const char *default_key = msFirstKeyFromHashTable(table);
  while (default_key) {
    if (!strncasecmp(default_key, "default_", 8)) {
      size_t buffer_size = (strlen(default_key) - 5);
      const char *to = msLookupHashTable(table, default_key);
      char *tag = (char *)msSmallMalloc(buffer_size);
      snprintf(tag, buffer_size, "%%%s%%", &(default_key[8]));

      hashTableSubstituteString(hashTab, tag, to);
      free(tag);
    }
    default_key = msNextKeyFromHashTable(table, default_key);
  }
  return;
}

/*
** Loop through layer metadata for keys that have a default_%key% pattern to
*replace
** remaining %key% entries by their default value.
*/
void msApplyDefaultSubstitutions(mapObj *map) {
  int i, j;

  /* output formats (#3751) */
  for (i = 0; i < map->numoutputformats; i++) {
    applyOutputFormatDefaultSubstitutions(map->outputformatlist[i], "filename",
                                          &(map->web.validation));
    applyOutputFormatDefaultSubstitutions(map->outputformatlist[i], "JSONP",
                                          &(map->web.validation));
  }

  for (i = 0; i < map->numlayers; i++) {
    layerObj *layer = GET_LAYER(map, i);

    for (j = 0; j < layer->numclasses;
         j++) { /* class settings take precedence...  */
      classObj *class = GET_CLASS(map, i, j);
      applyClassDefaultSubstitutions(class, &(class->validation));
    }

    applyLayerDefaultSubstitutions(
        layer, &(layer->validation)); /* ...then layer settings... */
    applyLayerDefaultSubstitutions(
        layer, &(map->web.validation)); /* ...and finally web settings */
  }
  applyHashTableDefaultSubstitutions(&map->web.metadata,
                                     &(map->web.validation));
}

char *_get_param_value(const char *key, char **names, char **values,
                       int npairs) {
  if (npairs <= 0)
    return NULL; // bail, no point searching

  if (getenv(key)) { /* environment override */
    return getenv(key);
  }
  while (npairs) {
    npairs--;
    if (strcasecmp(key, names[npairs]) == 0) {
      return values[npairs];
    }
  }
  return NULL;
}

void msApplySubstitutions(mapObj *map, char **names, char **values,
                          int npairs) {
  int l;
  const char *key, *value, *validation;
  char *tag;
  for (l = 0; l < map->numlayers; l++) {
    int c;
    layerObj *lp = GET_LAYER(map, l);
    for (c = 0; c < lp->numclasses; c++) {
      classObj *cp = lp->class[c];
      key = NULL;
      while ((key = msNextKeyFromHashTable(&cp->validation, key))) {
        value = _get_param_value(key, names, values, npairs);
        if (!value)
          continue; /*parameter was not in url*/
        validation = msLookupHashTable(&cp->validation, key);
        if (msEvalRegex(validation, value)) {
          /* we've found a substitution and it validates correctly, now let's
           * apply it */
          tag = msSmallMalloc(strlen(key) + 3);
          sprintf(tag, "%%%s%%", key);
          classSubstituteString(cp, tag, value);
          free(tag);
        } else {
          msSetError(MS_REGEXERR, "Parameter pattern validation failed.",
                     "msApplySubstitutions()");
          if (map->debug || lp->debug) {
            msDebug("layer (%s), class %d: failed to validate (%s=%s) for "
                    "regex (%s)\n",
                    lp->name, c, key, value, validation);
          }
        }
      }
    }
    key = NULL;
    while ((key = msNextKeyFromHashTable(&lp->validation, key))) {
      value = _get_param_value(key, names, values, npairs);
      if (!value)
        continue; /*parameter was not in url*/
      validation = msLookupHashTable(&lp->validation, key);
      if (msEvalRegex(validation, value)) {
        /* we've found a substitution and it validates correctly, now let's
         * apply it */
        tag = msSmallMalloc(strlen(key) + 3);
        sprintf(tag, "%%%s%%", key);
        layerSubstituteString(lp, tag, value);
        free(tag);
      } else {
        msSetError(MS_REGEXERR, "Parameter pattern validation failed.",
                   "msApplySubstitutions()");
        if (map->debug || lp->debug) {
          msDebug("layer (%s): failed to validate (%s=%s) for regex (%s)\n",
                  lp->name, key, value, validation);
        }
      }
    }
  }
  key = NULL;
  while ((key = msNextKeyFromHashTable(&map->web.validation, key))) {
    value = _get_param_value(key, names, values, npairs);
    if (!value)
      continue; /*parameter was not in url*/
    validation = msLookupHashTable(&map->web.validation, key);
    if (msEvalRegex(validation, value)) {
      /* we've found a substitution and it validates correctly, now let's apply
       * it */
      tag = msSmallMalloc(strlen(key) + 3);
      sprintf(tag, "%%%s%%", key);
      mapSubstituteString(map, tag, value);
      free(tag);
    } else {
      msSetError(MS_REGEXERR, "Parameter pattern validation failed.",
                 "msApplySubstitutions()");
      if (map->debug) {
        msDebug("failed to validate (%s=%s) for regex (%s)\n", key, value,
                validation);
      }
    }
  }
}

/*
** Returns an array with one entry per mapfile token.  Useful to manipulate
** mapfiles in MapScript.
**
** The returned array should be freed using msFreeCharArray().
*/
static char **tokenizeMapInternal(char *filename, int *ret_numtokens) {
  char **tokens = NULL;
  int numtokens = 0, numtokens_allocated = 0;
  size_t buffer_size = 0;

  *ret_numtokens = 0;

  if (!filename) {
    msSetError(MS_MISCERR, "Filename is undefined.", "msTokenizeMap()");
    return NULL;
  }

  /*
  ** Check map filename to make sure it's legal
  */
  const char *ms_mapfile_pattern =
      CPLGetConfigOption("MS_MAPFILE_PATTERN", MS_DEFAULT_MAPFILE_PATTERN);
  if (msEvalRegex(ms_mapfile_pattern, filename) != MS_TRUE) {
    msSetError(MS_REGEXERR, "Filename validation failed.", "msTokenizeMap()");
    return (NULL);
  }

  if ((msyyin = fopen(filename, "r")) == NULL) {
    msSetErrorWithStatus(MS_IOERR, MS_HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "(%s)",
                         "msTokenizeMap()", filename);
    return NULL;
  }

  msyystate = MS_TOKENIZE_FILE; /* restore lexer state to INITIAL, and do return
                                   comments */
  msyylex();
  msyyreturncomments = 1; /* want all tokens, including comments */

  msyyrestart(msyyin); /* start at line beginning, line 1 */
  msyylineno = 1;

  numtokens = 0;
  numtokens_allocated = 256;
  tokens = (char **)malloc(numtokens_allocated * sizeof(char *));
  if (tokens == NULL) {
    msSetError(MS_MEMERR, NULL, "msTokenizeMap()");
    fclose(msyyin);
    return NULL;
  }

  for (;;) {

    if (numtokens_allocated <= numtokens) {
      numtokens_allocated *=
          2; /* double size of the array every time we reach the limit */
      char **tokensNew =
          (char **)realloc(tokens, numtokens_allocated * sizeof(char *));
      if (tokensNew == NULL) {
        msSetError(MS_MEMERR, "Realloc() error.", "msTokenizeMap()");
        fclose(msyyin);
        for (int i = 0; i < numtokens; i++)
          msFree(tokens[i]);
        msFree(tokens);
        return NULL;
      }
      tokens = tokensNew;
    }

    switch (msyylex()) {
    case (EOF): /* This is the normal way out... cleanup and exit */
      fclose(msyyin);
      *ret_numtokens = numtokens;
      return (tokens);
      break;
    case (MS_STRING):
      buffer_size = strlen(msyystring_buffer) + 2 + 1;
      tokens[numtokens] = (char *)msSmallMalloc(buffer_size);
      snprintf(tokens[numtokens], buffer_size, "\"%s\"", msyystring_buffer);
      break;
    case (MS_EXPRESSION):
      buffer_size = strlen(msyystring_buffer) + 2 + 1;
      tokens[numtokens] = (char *)msSmallMalloc(buffer_size);
      snprintf(tokens[numtokens], buffer_size, "(%s)", msyystring_buffer);
      break;
    case (MS_REGEX):
      buffer_size = strlen(msyystring_buffer) + 2 + 1;
      tokens[numtokens] = (char *)msSmallMalloc(buffer_size);
      snprintf(tokens[numtokens], buffer_size, "/%s/", msyystring_buffer);
      break;
    default:
      tokens[numtokens] = msStrdup(msyystring_buffer);
      break;
    }

    if (tokens[numtokens] == NULL) {
      int i;
      msSetError(MS_MEMERR, NULL, "msTokenizeMap()");
      fclose(msyyin);
      for (i = 0; i < numtokens; i++)
        msFree(tokens[i]);
      msFree(tokens);
      return NULL;
    }

    numtokens++;
  }

  return NULL; /* should never get here */
}

/*
** Wraps tokenizeMapInternal
*/
char **msTokenizeMap(char *filename, int *numtokens) {
  char **tokens;

  msAcquireLock(TLOCK_PARSER);
  tokens = tokenizeMapInternal(filename, numtokens);
  msReleaseLock(TLOCK_PARSER);

  return tokens;
}

void msCloseConnections(mapObj *map) {
  int i;
  layerObj *lp;

  for (i = 0; i < map->numlayers; i++) {
    lp = (GET_LAYER(map, i));

    /* If the vtable is null, then the layer is never accessed or used -> skip
     * it
     */
    if (lp->vtable) {
      lp->vtable->LayerCloseConnection(lp);
    }
  }
}

void initResultCache(resultCacheObj *resultcache) {
  if (resultcache) {
    resultcache->results = NULL;
    resultcache->numresults = 0;
    resultcache->hasnext = MS_UNKNOWN;
    resultcache->cachesize = 0;
    resultcache->bounds.minx = resultcache->bounds.miny =
        resultcache->bounds.maxx = resultcache->bounds.maxy = -1;
    resultcache->previousBounds = resultcache->bounds;
  }
}

void cleanupResultCache(resultCacheObj *resultcache) {
  if (resultcache) {
    if (resultcache->results) {
      int i;
      for (i = 0; i < resultcache->numresults; i++) {
        if (resultcache->results[i].shape) {
          msFreeShape(resultcache->results[i].shape);
          msFree(resultcache->results[i].shape);
        }
      }
      free(resultcache->results);
    }
    resultcache->results = NULL;
    initResultCache(resultcache);
  }
}

static int resolveSymbolNames(mapObj *map) {
  int i, j;

  /* step through layers and classes to resolve symbol names */
  for (i = 0; i < map->numlayers; i++) {
    for (j = 0; j < GET_LAYER(map, i)->numclasses; j++) {
      if (classResolveSymbolNames(GET_LAYER(map, i)->class[j]) != MS_SUCCESS)
        return MS_FAILURE;
    }
  }

  return MS_SUCCESS;
}

MapServer / MapServer / 25968262348

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