25544858007

Committed 08 May 2026 08:12AM UTC coverage: 77.584% (-21.2%) from 98.818%

Build # 25544858007

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Committed by

KelSolaar

Commit Message

Implement support for *Python Array API Standard*.

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70.75

/colour/plotting/common.py

"""
Common Plotting
===============

Define the common plotting objects.

-   :func:`colour.plotting.colour_style`
-   :func:`colour.plotting.override_style`
-   :func:`colour.plotting.font_scaling`
-   :func:`colour.plotting.XYZ_to_plotting_colourspace`
-   :class:`colour.plotting.ColourSwatch`
-   :func:`colour.plotting.colour_cycle`
-   :func:`colour.plotting.artist`
-   :func:`colour.plotting.camera`
-   :func:`colour.plotting.decorate`
-   :func:`colour.plotting.boundaries`
-   :func:`colour.plotting.display`
-   :func:`colour.plotting.render`
-   :func:`colour.plotting.label_rectangles`
-   :func:`colour.plotting.uniform_axes3d`
-   :func:`colour.plotting.plot_single_colour_swatch`
-   :func:`colour.plotting.plot_multi_colour_swatches`
-   :func:`colour.plotting.plot_single_function`
-   :func:`colour.plotting.plot_multi_functions`
-   :func:`colour.plotting.plot_image`
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import contextlib
import functools
import itertools
import typing
from contextlib import contextmanager
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from functools import partial

import matplotlib.cm
import matplotlib.font_manager
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.ticker
import numpy as np
from cycler import cycler
from matplotlib.colors import LinearSegmentedColormap
from matplotlib.figure import Figure, SubFigure

if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
    from matplotlib.axes import Axes
    from matplotlib.patches import Patch
    from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.axes3d import Axes3D

from colour.characterisation import CCS_COLOURCHECKERS, ColourChecker
from colour.colorimetry import (
    MSDS_CMFS,
    SDS_ILLUMINANTS,
    SDS_LIGHT_SOURCES,
    MultiSpectralDistributions,
    SpectralDistribution,
)

if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
    from colour.hints import (
        Any,
        Callable,
        Dict,
        Domain1,
        Generator,
        Literal,
        LiteralChromaticAdaptationTransform,
        LiteralFontScaling,
        LiteralRGBColourspace,
        Mapping,
        PathLike,
        Range1,
        Real,
        Sequence,
        Tuple,
    )

from colour.hints import ArrayLike, List, TypedDict, cast
from colour.models import RGB_COLOURSPACES, RGB_Colourspace, XYZ_to_RGB
from colour.utilities import (
    CanonicalMapping,
    Structure,
    as_float_array,
    as_int_scalar,
    attest,
    filter_mapping,
    first_item,
    is_sibling,
    optional,
    runtime_warning,
    validate_method,
)
from colour.utilities.deprecation import handle_arguments_deprecation

__author__ = "Colour Developers"
__copyright__ = "Copyright 2013 Colour Developers"
__license__ = "BSD-3-Clause - https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause"
__maintainer__ = "Colour Developers"
__email__ = "colour-developers@colour-science.org"
__status__ = "Production"

__all__ = [
    "CONSTANTS_COLOUR_STYLE",
    "CONSTANTS_ARROW_STYLE",
    "colour_style",
    "override_style",
    "font_scaling",
    "XYZ_to_plotting_colourspace",
    "ColourSwatch",
    "colour_cycle",
    "KwargsArtist",
    "artist",
    "KwargsCamera",
    "camera",
    "KwargsRender",
    "render",
    "label_rectangles",
    "uniform_axes3d",
    "filter_passthrough",
    "filter_RGB_colourspaces",
    "filter_cmfs",
    "filter_illuminants",
    "filter_colour_checkers",
    "update_settings_collection",
    "plot_single_colour_swatch",
    "plot_multi_colour_swatches",
    "plot_single_function",
    "plot_multi_functions",
    "plot_image",
    "plot_ray",
]

CONSTANTS_COLOUR_STYLE: Structure = Structure(
    colour=Structure(
        darkest="#111111",
        darker="#222222",
        dark="#333333",
        dim="#505050",
        average="#808080",
        light="#D5D5D5",
        bright="#EEEEEE",
        brighter="#F0F0F0",
        brightest="#F5F5F5",
        cycle=(
            "#F44336",
            "#9C27B0",
            "#3F51B5",
            "#03A9F4",
            "#009688",
            "#8BC34A",
            "#FFEB3B",
            "#FF9800",
            "#795548",
            "#607D8B",
        ),
        map=LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list(
            "colour",
            (
                "#F44336",
                "#9C27B0",
                "#3F51B5",
                "#03A9F4",
                "#009688",
                "#8BC34A",
                "#FFEB3B",
                "#FF9800",
                "#795548",
                "#607D8B",
            ),
        ),
        cmap="inferno",
        colourspace=RGB_COLOURSPACES["sRGB"],
    ),
    font=Structure(
        {
            "size": 10,
            "scaling": Structure(
                xx_small=0.579,
                x_small=0.694,
                small=0.833,
                medium=1,
                large=1 / 0.579,
                x_large=1 / 0.694,
                xx_large=1 / 0.833,
            ),
        }
    ),
    opacity=Structure(high=0.75, medium=0.5, low=0.25),
    geometry=Structure(x_long=10, long=5, medium=2.5, short=1, x_short=0.5),
    hatch=Structure(
        patterns=(
            "\\\\",
            "o",
            "x",
            ".",
            "*",
            "//",
        )
    ),
    zorder=Structure(
        {
            "background_polygon": -140,
            "background_scatter": -130,
            "background_line": -120,
            "background_annotation": -110,
            "background_label": -100,
            "midground_polygon": -90,
            "midground_scatter": -80,
            "midground_line": -70,
            "midground_annotation": -60,
            "midground_label": -50,
            "foreground_polygon": -40,
            "foreground_scatter": -30,
            "foreground_line": -20,
            "foreground_annotation": -10,
            "foreground_label": 0,
        }
    ),
)
"""Various defaults settings used across the plotting sub-package."""

# NOTE: Adding our font scaling items so that they can be tweaked without
# affecting *Matplotplib* ones.
for _scaling, _value in CONSTANTS_COLOUR_STYLE.font.scaling.items():
    matplotlib.font_manager.font_scalings[
        f"{_scaling.replace('_', '-')}-colour-science"
    ] = _value

del _scaling, _value

CONSTANTS_ARROW_STYLE: Structure = Structure(
    color=CONSTANTS_COLOUR_STYLE.colour.dark,
    headwidth=CONSTANTS_COLOUR_STYLE.geometry.short * 4,
    headlength=CONSTANTS_COLOUR_STYLE.geometry.long,
    width=CONSTANTS_COLOUR_STYLE.geometry.short * 0.5,
    shrink=CONSTANTS_COLOUR_STYLE.geometry.short * 0.1,
    connectionstyle="arc3,rad=-0.2",
)
"""Annotation arrow settings used across the plotting sub-package."""


def colour_style(use_style: bool = True) -> dict:
    """
    Return the *Colour* plotting style configuration.

    Parameters
    ----------
    use_style
        Whether to apply the style configuration to *Matplotlib*.

    Returns
    -------
    :class:`dict`
        *Colour* plotting style configuration dictionary.
    """

    constants = CONSTANTS_COLOUR_STYLE
    style = {
        # Figure Size Settings
        "figure.figsize": (12.80, 7.20),
        "figure.dpi": 100,
        "savefig.dpi": 100,
        "savefig.bbox": "standard",
        # Font Settings
        # 'font.size': 12,
        "axes.titlesize": "x-large",
        "axes.labelsize": "larger",
        "legend.fontsize": "small",
        "xtick.labelsize": "medium",
        "ytick.labelsize": "medium",
        # Text Settings
        "text.color": constants.colour.darkest,
        # Tick Settings
        "xtick.top": False,
        "xtick.bottom": True,
        "ytick.right": False,
        "ytick.left": True,
        "xtick.minor.visible": True,
        "ytick.minor.visible": True,
        "xtick.direction": "out",
        "ytick.direction": "out",
        "xtick.major.size": constants.geometry.long * 1.25,
        "xtick.minor.size": constants.geometry.long * 0.75,
        "ytick.major.size": constants.geometry.long * 1.25,
        "ytick.minor.size": constants.geometry.long * 0.75,
        "xtick.major.width": constants.geometry.short,
        "xtick.minor.width": constants.geometry.short,
        "ytick.major.width": constants.geometry.short,
        "ytick.minor.width": constants.geometry.short,
        # Spine Settings
        "axes.linewidth": constants.geometry.short,
        "axes.edgecolor": constants.colour.dark,
        # Title Settings
        "axes.titlepad": plt.rcParams["font.size"] * 0.75,
        # Axes Settings
        "axes.facecolor": constants.colour.brightest,
        "axes.grid": True,
        "axes.grid.which": "major",
        "axes.grid.axis": "both",
        # Grid Settings
        "axes.axisbelow": True,
        "grid.linewidth": constants.geometry.short * 0.5,
        "grid.linestyle": "--",
        "grid.color": constants.colour.light,
        # Legend
        "legend.frameon": True,
        "legend.framealpha": constants.opacity.high,
        "legend.fancybox": False,
        "legend.facecolor": constants.colour.brighter,
        "legend.borderpad": constants.geometry.short * 0.5,
        # Lines
        "lines.linewidth": constants.geometry.short,
        "lines.markersize": constants.geometry.short * 3,
        "lines.markeredgewidth": constants.geometry.short * 0.75,
        # Cycle
        "axes.prop_cycle": cycler(color=constants.colour.cycle),
    }

    if use_style:
        plt.rcParams.update(style)

    return style


def override_style(**kwargs: Any) -> Callable:
    """
    Decorate a function to override *Matplotlib* style.

    Other Parameters
    ----------------
    kwargs
        Keywords arguments for *Matplotlib* style configuration.

    Returns
    -------
    Callable
        Decorated function with overridden *Matplotlib* style.

    Examples
    --------
    >>> @override_style(**{"text.color": "red"})
    ... def f(*args, **kwargs):
    ...     plt.text(0.5, 0.5, "This is a text!")
    ...     plt.show()
    >>> f()  # doctest: +SKIP
    """

    keywords = dict(kwargs)

    def wrapper(function: Callable) -> Callable:
        """Wrap specified function wrapper."""

        @functools.wraps(function)
        def wrapped(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
            """Wrap specified function."""

            keywords.update(kwargs)

            style_overrides = {
                key: value for key, value in keywords.items() if key in plt.rcParams
            }

            with plt.style.context(style_overrides):
                return function(*args, **kwargs)

        return wrapped

    return wrapper


@contextmanager
def font_scaling(scaling: LiteralFontScaling, value: float) -> Generator:
    """
    Set a temporary *Matplotlib* font scaling using a context manager.

    Parameters
    ----------
    scaling
        Font scaling to temporarily set.
    value
        Value to temporarily set the font scaling with.

    Yields
    ------
    Generator.

    Examples
    --------
    >>> with font_scaling("medium-colour-science", 2):
    ...     print(matplotlib.font_manager.font_scalings["medium-colour-science"])
    2
    >>> print(matplotlib.font_manager.font_scalings["medium-colour-science"])
    1
    """

    current_value = matplotlib.font_manager.font_scalings[scaling]

    matplotlib.font_manager.font_scalings[scaling] = value

    yield

    matplotlib.font_manager.font_scalings[scaling] = current_value


def XYZ_to_plotting_colourspace(
    XYZ: Domain1,
    illuminant: ArrayLike = RGB_COLOURSPACES["sRGB"].whitepoint,
    chromatic_adaptation_transform: (
        LiteralChromaticAdaptationTransform | str | None
    ) = "CAT02",
    apply_cctf_encoding: bool = True,
) -> Range1:
    """
    Convert from *CIE XYZ* tristimulus values to the default plotting
    colourspace.

    Parameters
    ----------
    XYZ
        *CIE XYZ* tristimulus values.
    illuminant
        Source illuminant chromaticity coordinates.
    chromatic_adaptation_transform
        *Chromatic adaptation* transform.
    apply_cctf_encoding
        Apply the default plotting colourspace encoding colour
        component transfer function / opto-electronic transfer
        function.

    Returns
    -------
    :class:`numpy.ndarray`
        Default plotting colourspace colour array.

    Notes
    -----
    +------------+-----------------------+---------------+
    | **Domain** | **Scale - Reference** | **Scale - 1** |
    +============+=======================+===============+
    | ``XYZ``    | 1                     | 1             |
    +------------+-----------------------+---------------+

    +------------+-----------------------+---------------+
    | **Range**  | **Scale - Reference** | **Scale - 1** |
    +============+=======================+===============+
    | ``RGB``    | 1                     | 1             |
    +------------+-----------------------+---------------+

    Examples
    --------
    >>> import numpy as np
    >>> XYZ = np.array([0.20654008, 0.12197225, 0.05136952])
    >>> XYZ_to_plotting_colourspace(XYZ)  # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
    array([0.7057393..., 0.1924826..., 0.2235416...])
    """

    return XYZ_to_RGB(
        XYZ,
        CONSTANTS_COLOUR_STYLE.colour.colourspace,
        illuminant,
        chromatic_adaptation_transform,
        apply_cctf_encoding,
    )


@dataclass
class ColourSwatch:
    """
    Define a data structure for a colour swatch.

    Parameters
    ----------
    RGB
        RGB colour values representing the swatch.
    name
        Name identifier for the colour swatch.
    """

    RGB: ArrayLike
    name: str | None = field(default_factory=lambda: None)


def colour_cycle(**kwargs: Any) -> itertools.cycle:
    """
    Create a colour cycle iterator using the specified colour map.

    Other Parameters
    ----------------
    colour_cycle_map
        Matplotlib colourmap name.
    colour_cycle_count
        Colours count to pick in the colourmap.

    Returns
    -------
    :class:`itertools.cycle`
        Colour cycle iterator.
    """

    settings = Structure(
        colour_cycle_map=CONSTANTS_COLOUR_STYLE.colour.map,
        colour_cycle_count=len(CONSTANTS_COLOUR_STYLE.colour.cycle),
    )
    settings.update(kwargs)

    samples = np.linspace(0, 1, settings.colour_cycle_count)
    if isinstance(settings.colour_cycle_map, LinearSegmentedColormap):
        cycle = settings.colour_cycle_map(samples)
    else:
        cycle = getattr(plt.cm, settings.colour_cycle_map)(samples)

    return itertools.cycle(cycle)


class KwargsArtist(TypedDict):
    """
    Define keyword argument types for the :func:`colour.plotting.artist`
    definition.

    Parameters
    ----------
    axes
        Axes that will be passed through without creating a new figure.
    uniform
        Whether to create the figure with an equal aspect ratio.
    """

    axes: Axes
    uniform: bool


def artist(**kwargs: KwargsArtist | Any) -> Tuple[Figure, Axes]:
    """
    Return the current figure and its axes or create a new one.

    Other Parameters
    ----------------
    kwargs
        {:func:`colour.plotting.common.KwargsArtist`},
        See the documentation of the previously listed class.

    Returns
    -------
    :class:`tuple`
        Current figure and axes.
    """

    width, height = plt.rcParams["figure.figsize"]

    figure_size = (width, width) if kwargs.get("uniform") else (width, height)

    axes = kwargs.get("axes")
    if axes is None:
        figure = plt.figure(figsize=figure_size)

        return figure, figure.gca()

    axes = cast("Axes", axes)
    figure = axes.figure

    if isinstance(figure, SubFigure):
        figure = figure.get_figure()

    return cast("Figure", figure), axes


class KwargsCamera(TypedDict):
    """
    Define the keyword argument types for the
    :func:`colour.plotting.camera` definition.

    Parameters
    ----------
    figure
        Figure to apply the render elements onto.
    axes
        Axes to apply the render elements onto.
    azimuth
        Camera azimuth.
    elevation
        Camera elevation.
    camera_aspect
        Matplotlib axes aspect. Default is *equal*.
    """

    figure: Figure
    axes: Axes
    azimuth: float | None
    elevation: float | None
    camera_aspect: Literal["equal"] | str


def camera(**kwargs: KwargsCamera | Any) -> Tuple[Figure, Axes3D]:
    """
    Configure camera settings for the current 3D visualization.

    Other Parameters
    ----------------
    kwargs
        {:func:`colour.plotting.common.KwargsCamera`},
        See the documentation of the previously listed class.

    Returns
    -------
    :class:`tuple`
        Current figure and axes.
    """

    figure = cast("Figure", kwargs.get("figure", plt.gcf()))
    axes = cast("Axes3D", kwargs.get("axes", plt.gca()))

    settings = Structure(camera_aspect="equal", elevation=None, azimuth=None)
    settings.update(kwargs)

    if settings.camera_aspect == "equal":
        uniform_axes3d(axes=axes)

    axes.view_init(elev=settings.elevation, azim=settings.azimuth)

    return figure, axes


class KwargsRender(TypedDict):
    """
    Define the keyword argument types for the
    :func:`colour.plotting.render` definition.

    Parameters
    ----------
    figure
        Figure to apply the render elements onto.
    axes
        Axes to apply the render elements onto.
    filename
        Figure will be saved using the specified ``filename`` argument.
    show
        Whether to show the figure and call
        :func:`matplotlib.pyplot.show` definition.
    block
        Whether to wait for all figures to be closed before returning.
        If `True` block and run the GUI main loop until all figure
        windows are closed. If `False` ensure that all figure windows
        are displayed and return immediately. In this case, you are
        responsible for ensuring that the event loop is running to have
        responsive figures. Defaults to True in non-interactive mode and
        to False in interactive mode.
    aspect
        Matplotlib axes aspect.
    axes_visible
        Whether the axes are visible. Default is *True*.
    bounding_box
        Array defining current axes limits such as
        `bounding_box = (x min, x max, y min, y max)`.
    tight_layout
        Whether to invoke the :func:`matplotlib.pyplot.tight_layout`
        definition.
    legend
        Whether to display the legend. Default is *False*.
    legend_columns
        Number of columns in the legend. Default is *1*.
    transparent_background
        Whether to turn off the background patch. Default is *True*.
    title
        Figure title.
    wrap_title
        Whether to wrap the figure title. Default is *True*.
    x_label
        *X* axis label.
    y_label
        *Y* axis label.
    x_ticker
        Whether to display the *X* axis ticker. Default is *True*.
    y_ticker
        Whether to display the *Y* axis ticker. Default is *True*.
    """

    figure: Figure
    axes: Axes
    filename: str | PathLike
    show: bool
    block: bool
    aspect: Literal["auto", "equal"] | float
    axes_visible: bool
    bounding_box: ArrayLike
    tight_layout: bool
    legend: bool
    legend_columns: int
    transparent_background: bool
    title: str
    wrap_title: bool
    x_label: str
    y_label: str
    x_ticker: bool
    y_ticker: bool


def render(
    **kwargs: KwargsRender | Any,
) -> Tuple[Figure, Axes] | Tuple[Figure, Axes3D]:
    """
    Render the current figure while adjusting various settings such as the
    bounding box, title, or background transparency.

    Other Parameters
    ----------------
    kwargs
        {:func:`colour.plotting.common.KwargsRender`},
        See the documentation of the previously listed class.

    Returns
    -------
    :class:`tuple`
        Current figure and axes.
    """

    figure = cast("Figure", kwargs.get("figure", plt.gcf()))
    axes = cast("Axes", kwargs.get("axes", plt.gca()))

    kwargs = handle_arguments_deprecation(
        {
            "ArgumentRenamed": [["standalone", "show"]],
        },
        **kwargs,
    )

    settings = Structure(
        filename=None,
        show=True,
        block=True,
        aspect=None,
        axes_visible=True,
        bounding_box=None,
        tight_layout=True,
        legend=False,
        legend_columns=1,
        transparent_background=True,
        title=None,
        wrap_title=True,
        x_label=None,
        y_label=None,
        x_ticker=True,
        y_ticker=True,
    )
    settings.update(kwargs)

    if settings.aspect:
        axes.set_aspect(settings.aspect)
    if not settings.axes_visible:
        axes.set_axis_off()
    if settings.bounding_box:
        axes.set_xlim(settings.bounding_box[0], settings.bounding_box[1])
        axes.set_ylim(settings.bounding_box[2], settings.bounding_box[3])

    if settings.title:
        axes.set_title(settings.title, wrap=settings.wrap_title)
    if settings.x_label:
        axes.set_xlabel(settings.x_label)
    if settings.y_label:
        axes.set_ylabel(settings.y_label)
    if not settings.x_ticker:
        axes.set_xticks([])
    if not settings.y_ticker:
        axes.set_yticks([])
    if settings.legend:
        axes.legend(ncol=settings.legend_columns)

    if settings.tight_layout:
        figure.tight_layout()

    if settings.transparent_background:
        figure.patch.set_alpha(0)

    if settings.filename is not None:
        figure.savefig(str(settings.filename))

    if settings.show:
        plt.show(block=settings.block)

    return figure, axes


def label_rectangles(
    labels: Sequence[str | Real],
    rectangles: Sequence[Patch],
    rotation: Literal["horizontal", "vertical"] | str = "vertical",
    text_size: float = CONSTANTS_COLOUR_STYLE.font.scaling.medium,
    offset: ArrayLike | None = None,
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> Tuple[Figure, Axes]:
    """
    Add labels above specified rectangles.

    Parameters
    ----------
    labels
        Text labels to display above the rectangles.
    rectangles
        Rectangle patches used to determine label positions and values.
    rotation
        Orientation of the labels.
    text_size
        Font size for the labels.
    offset
        Label offset as percentages of the largest rectangle dimensions.

    Other Parameters
    ----------------
    figure
        Figure to apply the render elements onto.
    axes
        Axes to apply the render elements onto.

    Returns
    -------
    :class:`tuple`
        Current figure and axes.
    """

    rotation = validate_method(
        rotation,
        ("horizontal", "vertical"),
        '"{0}" rotation is invalid, it must be one of {1}!',
    )

    figure = kwargs.get("figure", plt.gcf())
    axes = kwargs.get("axes", plt.gca())

    offset = as_float_array(optional(offset, (0.0, 0.025)))

    x_m, y_m = 0, 0
    for rectangle in rectangles:
        x_m = max(x_m, rectangle.get_width())  # pyright: ignore
        y_m = max(y_m, rectangle.get_height())  # pyright: ignore

    for i, rectangle in enumerate(rectangles):
        x = rectangle.get_x()  # pyright: ignore
        height = rectangle.get_height()  # pyright: ignore
        width = rectangle.get_width()  # pyright: ignore
        axes.text(
            x + width / 2 + offset[0] * width,
            height + offset[1] * y_m,
            labels[i],
            ha="center",
            va="bottom",
            rotation=rotation,
            fontsize=text_size,
            clip_on=True,
            zorder=CONSTANTS_COLOUR_STYLE.zorder.midground_label,
        )

    return figure, axes


def uniform_axes3d(**kwargs: Any) -> Tuple[Figure, Axes3D]:
    """
    Set equal aspect ratio to the specified 3D axes.

    Other Parameters
    ----------------
    figure
        Figure to apply the render elements onto.
    axes
        Axes to apply the render elements onto.

    Returns
    -------
    :class:`tuple`
        Current figure and axes.
    """

    figure = kwargs.get("figure", plt.gcf())
    axes = kwargs.get("axes", plt.gca())

    with contextlib.suppress(NotImplementedError):  # pragma: no cover
        # TODO: Reassess according to
        # https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib/issues/1077
        axes.set_aspect("equal")

    extents = np.array([getattr(axes, f"get_{axis}lim")() for axis in "xyz"])

    centers = np.mean(extents, axis=1)
    extent = np.max(np.abs(extents[..., 1] - extents[..., 0]))

    for center, axis in zip(centers, "xyz", strict=True):
        getattr(axes, f"set_{axis}lim")(center - extent / 2, center + extent / 2)

    return figure, axes


def filter_passthrough(
    mapping: Mapping,
    filterers: Any | str | Sequence[Any | str],
    allow_non_siblings: bool = True,
) -> dict:
    """
    Filter mapping objects matching specified filterers while passing through
    class instances whose type is one of the mapping element types.

    Enable passing custom but compatible objects to plotting definitions that
    by default expect keys from dataset elements.

    For example, a typical call to the
    :func:`colour.plotting.plot_multi_illuminant_sds` definition is as
    follows:

    >>> import colour
    >>> colour.plotting.plot_multi_illuminant_sds(["A"])
    ... # doctest: +SKIP

    With the previous example, it is also possible to pass a custom spectral
    distribution as follows:

    >>> data = {
    ...     500: 0.0651,
    ...     520: 0.0705,
    ...     540: 0.0772,
    ...     560: 0.0870,
    ...     580: 0.1128,
    ...     600: 0.1360,
    ... }
    >>> colour.plotting.plot_multi_illuminant_sds(
    ...     ["A", colour.SpectralDistribution(data)]
    ... )
    ... # doctest: +SKIP

    Similarly, a typical call to the
    :func:`colour.plotting.plot_planckian_locus_in_chromaticity_diagram_CIE1931`
    definition is as follows:

    >>> colour.plotting.plot_planckian_locus_in_chromaticity_diagram_CIE1931(["A"])
    ... # doctest: +SKIP

    But it is also possible to pass a custom whitepoint as follows:

    >>> colour.plotting.plot_planckian_locus_in_chromaticity_diagram_CIE1931(
    ...     ["A", {"Custom": np.array([1 / 3 + 0.05, 1 / 3 + 0.05])}]
    ... )
    ... # doctest: +SKIP

    Parameters
    ----------
    mapping
        Mapping to filter.
    filterers
        Filterer or object class instance (which is passed through directly
        if its type is one of the mapping element types) or list of
        filterers.
    allow_non_siblings
        Whether to allow non-siblings to be also passed through.

    Returns
    -------
    :class:`dict`
        Filtered mapping.

    Notes
    -----
    -   If the mapping passed is a :class:`colour.utilities.CanonicalMapping`
        class instance, then the lower, slugified and canonical keys are
        also used for matching.
    """

    if isinstance(filterers, str) or not isinstance(filterers, (list, tuple)):
        filterers = [filterers]

    string_filterers: List[str] = [
        filterer for filterer in filterers if isinstance(filterer, str)
    ]

    object_filterers: List[Any] = [
        filterer for filterer in filterers if is_sibling(filterer, mapping)
    ]

    if allow_non_siblings:
        non_siblings = [
            filterer
            for filterer in filterers
            if filterer not in string_filterers and filterer not in object_filterers
        ]

        if non_siblings:
            runtime_warning(
                f'Non-sibling elements are passed-through: "{non_siblings}"'
            )

            object_filterers.extend(non_siblings)

    filtered_mapping = filter_mapping(mapping, string_filterers)

    for filterer in object_filterers:
        # TODO: Consider using "MutableMapping" here.
        if isinstance(filterer, (dict, CanonicalMapping)):
            for key, value in filterer.items():
                filtered_mapping[key] = value
        else:
            try:
                name = filterer.name
            except AttributeError:
                try:
                    name = filterer.__name__
                except AttributeError:
                    name = str(id(filterer))

            filtered_mapping[name] = filterer

    return filtered_mapping


def filter_RGB_colourspaces(
    filterers: (
        RGB_Colourspace
        | LiteralRGBColourspace
        | str
        | Sequence[RGB_Colourspace | LiteralRGBColourspace | str]
    ),
    allow_non_siblings: bool = True,
) -> Dict[str, RGB_Colourspace]:
    """
    Filter the *RGB* colourspaces matching the specified filterers.

    Parameters
    ----------
    filterers
        Filterer, :class:`colour.RGB_Colourspace` class instance (which is
        passed through directly if its type is one of the mapping element
        types), or list of filterers. The ``filterers`` elements can also
        be of any form supported by the
        :func:`colour.plotting.common.filter_passthrough` definition.
    allow_non_siblings
        Whether to allow non-siblings to be also passed through.

    Returns
    -------
    :class:`dict`
        Filtered *RGB* colourspaces.
    """

    return filter_passthrough(RGB_COLOURSPACES, filterers, allow_non_siblings)


def filter_cmfs(
    filterers: (
        MultiSpectralDistributions | str | Sequence[MultiSpectralDistributions | str]
    ),
    allow_non_siblings: bool = True,
) -> Dict[str, MultiSpectralDistributions]:
    """
    Filter the colour matching functions matching the specified filterers.

    Parameters
    ----------
    filterers
        Filterer or :class:`colour.LMS_ConeFundamentals`,
        :class:`colour.RGB_ColourMatchingFunctions` or
        :class:`colour.XYZ_ColourMatchingFunctions` class instance (which is
        passed through directly if its type is one of the mapping element
        types) or list of filterers. ``filterers`` elements can also be of
        any form supported by the
        :func:`colour.plotting.common.filter_passthrough` definition.
    allow_non_siblings
        Whether to allow non-siblings to be also passed through.

    Returns
    -------
    :class:`dict`
        Filtered colour matching functions.
    """

    return filter_passthrough(MSDS_CMFS, filterers, allow_non_siblings)


def filter_illuminants(
    filterers: SpectralDistribution | str | Sequence[SpectralDistribution | str],
    allow_non_siblings: bool = True,
) -> Dict[str, SpectralDistribution]:
    """
    Filter the illuminants matching the specified filterers.

    Parameters
    ----------
    filterers
        Filterer or :class:`colour.SpectralDistribution` class instance
        (which is passed through directly if its type is one of the
        mapping element types) or list of filterers. ``filterers``
        elements can also be of any form supported by the
        :func:`colour.plotting.common.filter_passthrough` definition.
    allow_non_siblings
        Whether to allow non-siblings to be also passed through.

    Returns
    -------
    :class:`dict`
        Filtered illuminants.
    """

    illuminants = {}

    illuminants.update(
        filter_passthrough(SDS_ILLUMINANTS, filterers, allow_non_siblings)
    )

    illuminants.update(
        filter_passthrough(SDS_LIGHT_SOURCES, filterers, allow_non_siblings)
    )

    return illuminants


def filter_colour_checkers(
    filterers: ColourChecker | str | Sequence[ColourChecker | str],
    allow_non_siblings: bool = True,
) -> Dict[str, ColourChecker]:
    """
    Filter the colour checkers matching the specified filterers.

    Parameters
    ----------
    filterers
        Filterer or :class:`colour.characterisation.ColourChecker` class
        instance (which is passed through directly if its type is one of
        the mapping element types) or list of filterers. ``filterers``
        elements can also be of any form supported by the
        :func:`colour.plotting.common.filter_passthrough` definition.
    allow_non_siblings
        Whether to allow non-siblings to be also passed through.

    Returns
    -------
    :class:`dict`
        Filtered colour checkers.
    """

    return filter_passthrough(CCS_COLOURCHECKERS, filterers, allow_non_siblings)


def update_settings_collection(
    settings_collection: dict | List[dict],
    keyword_arguments: dict | List[dict],
    expected_count: int,
) -> None:
    """
    Update the specified settings collection *in-place* with the specified
    keyword arguments and expected count of settings collection elements.

    Parameters
    ----------
    settings_collection
        Settings collection to update.
    keyword_arguments
        Keyword arguments to update the settings collection.
    expected_count
        Expected count of settings collection elements.

    Examples
    --------
    >>> settings_collection = [{1: 2}, {3: 4}]
    >>> keyword_arguments = {5: 6}
    >>> update_settings_collection(settings_collection, keyword_arguments, 2)
    >>> print(settings_collection)
    [{1: 2, 5: 6}, {3: 4, 5: 6}]
    >>> settings_collection = [{1: 2}, {3: 4}]
    >>> keyword_arguments = [{5: 6}, {7: 8}]
    >>> update_settings_collection(settings_collection, keyword_arguments, 2)
    >>> print(settings_collection)
    [{1: 2, 5: 6}, {3: 4, 7: 8}]
    """

    if not isinstance(keyword_arguments, dict):
        attest(
            len(keyword_arguments) == expected_count,
            "Multiple keyword arguments defined, but they do not "
            "match the expected count!",
        )

    for i, settings in enumerate(settings_collection):
        if isinstance(keyword_arguments, dict):
            settings.update(keyword_arguments)
        else:
            settings.update(keyword_arguments[i])


@override_style(
    **{
        "axes.grid": False,
        "xtick.bottom": False,
        "ytick.left": False,
        "xtick.labelbottom": False,
        "ytick.labelleft": False,
    }
)
def plot_single_colour_swatch(
    colour_swatch: ArrayLike | ColourSwatch, **kwargs: Any
) -> Tuple[Figure, Axes]:
    """
    Plot a single colour swatch.

    Parameters
    ----------
    colour_swatch
        Colour swatch to plot, either a regular `ArrayLike` or a
        :class:`colour.plotting.ColourSwatch` class instance.

    Other Parameters
    ----------------
    kwargs
        {:func:`colour.plotting.artist`,
        :func:`colour.plotting.plot_multi_colour_swatches`,
        :func:`colour.plotting.render`},
        See the documentation of the previously listed definitions.

    Returns
    -------
    :class:`tuple`
        Current figure and axes.

    Examples
    --------
    >>> RGB = ColourSwatch((0.45620519, 0.03081071, 0.04091952))
    >>> plot_single_colour_swatch(RGB)  # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
    (<Figure size ... with 1 Axes>, <...Axes...>)

    .. image:: ../_static/Plotting_Plot_Single_Colour_Swatch.png
        :align: center
        :alt: plot_single_colour_swatch
    """

    return plot_multi_colour_swatches((colour_swatch,), **kwargs)


@override_style(
    **{
        "axes.grid": False,
        "xtick.bottom": False,
        "ytick.left": False,
        "xtick.labelbottom": False,
        "ytick.labelleft": False,
    }
)
def plot_multi_colour_swatches(
    colour_swatches: ArrayLike | Sequence[ArrayLike | ColourSwatch],
    width: float = 1,
    height: float = 1,
    spacing: float = 0,
    columns: int | None = None,
    direction: Literal["+y", "-y"] | str = "+y",
    text_kwargs: dict | None = None,
    background_colour: ArrayLike = (1.0, 1.0, 1.0),
    compare_swatches: Literal["Diagonal", "Stacked"] | str | None = None,
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> Tuple[Figure, Axes]:
    """
    Plot colour swatches with configurable layout and comparison options.

    Parameters
    ----------
    colour_swatches
        Colour swatch sequence, either a regular `ArrayLike` or a sequence
        of :class:`colour.plotting.ColourSwatch` class instances.
    width
        Colour swatch width.
    height
        Colour swatch height.
    spacing
        Colour swatches spacing.
    columns
        Colour swatches columns count, defaults to the colour swatch count
        or half of it if comparing.
    direction
        Row stacking direction.
    text_kwargs
        Keyword arguments for the :func:`matplotlib.pyplot.text`
        definition. The following special keywords can also be used:

        -   ``offset``: Sets the text offset.
        -   ``visible``: Sets the text visibility.
    background_colour
        Background colour.
    compare_swatches
        Whether to compare the swatches, in which case the colour swatch
        count must be an even number with alternating reference colour
        swatches and test colour swatches. *Stacked* will draw the test
        colour swatch in the center of the reference colour swatch,
        *Diagonal* will draw the reference colour swatch in the upper left
        diagonal area and the test colour swatch in the bottom right
        diagonal area.

    Other Parameters
    ----------------
    kwargs
        {:func:`colour.plotting.artist`,
        :func:`colour.plotting.render`},
        See the documentation of the previously listed definitions.

    Returns
    -------
    :class:`tuple`
        Current figure and axes.

    Examples
    --------
    >>> RGB_1 = ColourSwatch((0.45293517, 0.31732158, 0.26414773))
    >>> RGB_2 = ColourSwatch((0.77875824, 0.57726450, 0.50453169))
    >>> plot_multi_colour_swatches([RGB_1, RGB_2])  # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
    (<Figure size ... with 1 Axes>, <...Axes...>)

    .. image:: ../_static/Plotting_Plot_Multi_Colour_Swatches.png
        :align: center
        :alt: plot_multi_colour_swatches
    """

    direction = validate_method(
        direction,
        ("+y", "-y"),
        '"{0}" direction is invalid, it must be one of {1}!',
    )

    if compare_swatches is not None:
        compare_swatches = validate_method(
            compare_swatches,
            ("Diagonal", "Stacked"),
            '"{0}" compare swatches method is invalid, it must be one of {1}!',
        )

    _figure, axes = artist(**kwargs)

    # Handling case where `colour_swatches` is a regular *ArrayLike*.
    colour_swatches = list(colour_swatches)  # pyright: ignore
    colour_swatches_converted = []
    if not isinstance(first_item(colour_swatches), ColourSwatch):
        for _i, colour_swatch in enumerate(
            np.reshape(
                as_float_array(cast("ArrayLike", colour_swatches))[..., :3], (-1, 3)
            )
        ):
            colour_swatches_converted.append(ColourSwatch(colour_swatch))
    else:
        colour_swatches_converted = cast("List[ColourSwatch]", colour_swatches)

    colour_swatches = colour_swatches_converted

    if compare_swatches is not None:
        attest(
            len(colour_swatches) % 2 == 0,
            "Cannot compare an odd number of colour swatches!",
        )

        colour_swatches_reference = colour_swatches[0::2]
        colour_swatches_test = colour_swatches[1::2]
    else:
        colour_swatches_reference = colour_swatches_test = colour_swatches

    columns = optional(columns, len(colour_swatches_reference))

    text_settings = {
        "offset": 0.05,
        "visible": True,
        "zorder": CONSTANTS_COLOUR_STYLE.zorder.midground_label,
    }
    if text_kwargs is not None:
        text_settings.update(text_kwargs)
    text_offset = text_settings.pop("offset")

    offset_X: float = 0
    offset_Y: float = 0
    x_min, x_max, y_min, y_max = 0, width, 0, height
    y = 1 if direction == "+y" else -1
    for i, colour_swatch in enumerate(colour_swatches_reference):
        if i % columns == 0 and i != 0:
            offset_X = 0
            offset_Y += (height + spacing) * y

        x_0, x_1 = offset_X, offset_X + width
        y_0, y_1 = offset_Y, offset_Y + height * y

        axes.fill(
            (x_0, x_1, x_1, x_0),
            (y_0, y_0, y_1, y_1),
            color=np.clip(colour_swatch.RGB, 0, 1),
            zorder=CONSTANTS_COLOUR_STYLE.zorder.midground_polygon,
        )

        if compare_swatches == "stacked":
            margin_X = width * 0.25
            margin_Y = height * 0.25
            axes.fill(
                (
                    x_0 + margin_X,
                    x_1 - margin_X,
                    x_1 - margin_X,
                    x_0 + margin_X,
                ),
                (
                    y_0 + margin_Y * y,
                    y_0 + margin_Y * y,
                    y_1 - margin_Y * y,
                    y_1 - margin_Y * y,
                ),
                color=np.clip(colour_swatches_test[i].RGB, 0, 1),
                zorder=CONSTANTS_COLOUR_STYLE.zorder.midground_polygon,
            )
        else:
            axes.fill(
                (x_0, x_1, x_1),
                (y_0, y_0, y_1),
                color=np.clip(colour_swatches_test[i].RGB, 0, 1),
                zorder=CONSTANTS_COLOUR_STYLE.zorder.midground_polygon,
            )

        if colour_swatch.name is not None and text_settings["visible"]:
            axes.text(
                x_0 + text_offset,
                y_0 + text_offset * y,
                colour_swatch.name,
                verticalalignment="bottom" if y == 1 else "top",
                clip_on=True,
                **text_settings,
            )

        offset_X += width + spacing

    x_max = min(len(colour_swatches), as_int_scalar(columns))
    x_max = x_max * width + x_max * spacing - spacing
    y_max = offset_Y

    axes.patch.set_facecolor(background_colour)  # pyright: ignore

    if y == 1:
        bounding_box = [
            x_min - spacing,
            x_max + spacing,
            y_min - spacing,
            y_max + spacing + height,
        ]
    else:
        bounding_box = [
            x_min - spacing,
            x_max + spacing,
            y_max - spacing - height,
            y_min + spacing,
        ]

    settings: Dict[str, Any] = {
        "axes": axes,
        "bounding_box": bounding_box,
        "aspect": "equal",
    }
    settings.update(kwargs)

    return render(**settings)


@override_style()
def plot_single_function(
    function: Callable,
    samples: ArrayLike | None = None,
    log_x: int | None = None,
    log_y: int | None = None,
    plot_kwargs: dict | List[dict] | None = None,
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> Tuple[Figure, Axes]:
    """
    Plot the specified function.

    Parameters
    ----------
    function
        Function to plot.
    samples
        Samples to evaluate the functions with.
    log_x
        Log base to use for the *x* axis scale, if *None*, the *x* axis
        scale will be linear.
    log_y
        Log base to use for the *y* axis scale, if *None*, the *y* axis
        scale will be linear.
    plot_kwargs
        Keyword arguments for the :func:`matplotlib.pyplot.plot`
        definition, used to control the style of the plotted function.

    Other Parameters
    ----------------
    kwargs
        {:func:`colour.plotting.artist`,
        :func:`colour.plotting.plot_multi_functions`,
        :func:`colour.plotting.render`},
        See the documentation of the previously listed definitions.

    Returns
    -------
    :class:`tuple`
        Current figure and axes.

    Examples
    --------
    >>> from colour.models import gamma_function
    >>> plot_single_function(partial(gamma_function, exponent=1 / 2.2))
    ... # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
    (<Figure size ... with 1 Axes>, <...Axes...>)

    .. image:: ../_static/Plotting_Plot_Single_Function.png
        :align: center
        :alt: plot_single_function
    """

    try:
        name = function.__name__
    except AttributeError:
        name = "Unnamed"

    settings: Dict[str, Any] = {
        "title": f"{name} - Function",
        "legend": False,
    }
    settings.update(kwargs)

    return plot_multi_functions(
        {name: function}, samples, log_x, log_y, plot_kwargs, **settings
    )


@override_style()
def plot_multi_functions(
    functions: Dict[str, Callable],
    samples: ArrayLike | None = None,
    log_x: int | None = None,
    log_y: int | None = None,
    plot_kwargs: dict | List[dict] | None = None,
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> Tuple[Figure, Axes]:
    """
    Plot specified functions.

    Parameters
    ----------
    functions
        Functions to plot.
    samples
        Samples to evaluate the functions with.
    log_x
        Log base to use for the *x* axis scale, if *None*, the *x* axis
        scale will be linear.
    log_y
        Log base to use for the *y* axis scale, if *None*, the *y* axis
        scale will be linear.
    plot_kwargs
        Keyword arguments for the :func:`matplotlib.pyplot.plot`
        definition, used to control the style of the plotted functions.
        ``plot_kwargs`` can be either a single dictionary applied to all
        the plotted functions with the same settings or a sequence of
        dictionaries with different settings for each plotted function.

    Other Parameters
    ----------------
    kwargs
        {:func:`colour.plotting.artist`,
        :func:`colour.plotting.render`},
        See the documentation of the previously listed definitions.

    Returns
    -------
    :class:`tuple`
        Current figure and axes.

    Examples
    --------
    >>> functions = {
    ...     "Gamma 2.2": lambda x: x ** (1 / 2.2),
    ...     "Gamma 2.4": lambda x: x ** (1 / 2.4),
    ...     "Gamma 2.6": lambda x: x ** (1 / 2.6),
    ... }
    >>> plot_multi_functions(functions)
    ... # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
    (<Figure size ... with 1 Axes>, <...Axes...>)

    .. image:: ../_static/Plotting_Plot_Multi_Functions.png
        :align: center
        :alt: plot_multi_functions
    """

    settings: Dict[str, Any] = dict(kwargs)

    _figure, axes = artist(**settings)

    plot_settings_collection = [
        {
            "label": f"{name}",
            "zorder": CONSTANTS_COLOUR_STYLE.zorder.midground_label,
        }
        for name in functions
    ]

    if plot_kwargs is not None:
        update_settings_collection(
            plot_settings_collection, plot_kwargs, len(functions)
        )

    if log_x is not None and log_y is not None:
        attest(
            log_x >= 2 and log_y >= 2,
            "Log base must be equal or greater than 2.",
        )

        plotting_function = axes.loglog

        axes.set_xscale("log", base=log_x)
        axes.set_yscale("log", base=log_y)
    elif log_x is not None:
        attest(log_x >= 2, "Log base must be equal or greater than 2.")

        plotting_function = partial(axes.semilogx, base=log_x)
    elif log_y is not None:
        attest(log_y >= 2, "Log base must be equal or greater than 2.")

        plotting_function = partial(axes.semilogy, base=log_y)
    else:
        plotting_function = axes.plot

    samples = optional(samples, np.linspace(0, 1, 1000))

    for i, (_name, function) in enumerate(functions.items()):
        plotting_function(samples, function(samples), **plot_settings_collection[i])

    x_label = f"x - Log Base {log_x} Scale" if log_x is not None else "x - Linear Scale"
    y_label = f"y - Log Base {log_y} Scale" if log_y is not None else "y - Linear Scale"
    settings = {
        "axes": axes,
        "legend": True,
        "title": f"{', '.join(functions)} - Functions",
        "x_label": x_label,
        "y_label": y_label,
    }
    settings.update(kwargs)

    return render(**settings)


@override_style()
def plot_image(
    image: ArrayLike,
    imshow_kwargs: dict | None = None,
    text_kwargs: dict | None = None,
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> Tuple[Figure, Axes]:
    """
    Plot the specified image using matplotlib.

    Parameters
    ----------
    image
        Image array to plot, typically as RGB or grayscale data.
    imshow_kwargs
        Keyword arguments for the :func:`matplotlib.pyplot.imshow`
        definition, controlling image display properties.
    text_kwargs
        Keyword arguments for the :func:`matplotlib.pyplot.text`
        definition, controlling text overlay properties. The following
        special keyword arguments can also be used:

        -   ``offset`` : Sets the text offset position.

    Other Parameters
    ----------------
    kwargs
        {:func:`colour.plotting.artist`,
        :func:`colour.plotting.render`}, See the documentation of the
        previously listed definitions for additional plotting controls.

    Returns
    -------
    :class:`tuple`
        Current figure and axes objects from matplotlib.

    Examples
    --------
    >>> import os
    >>> import colour
    >>> from colour import read_image
    >>> path = os.path.join(
    ...     colour.__path__[0],
    ...     "examples",
    ...     "plotting",
    ...     "resources",
    ...     "Ishihara_Colour_Blindness_Test_Plate_3.png",
    ... )
    >>> plot_image(read_image(path))  # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
    (<Figure size ... with 1 Axes>, <...Axes...>)

    .. image:: ../_static/Plotting_Plot_Image.png
        :align: center
        :alt: plot_image
    """

    _figure, axes = artist(**kwargs)

    imshow_settings = {
        "interpolation": "nearest",
        "cmap": matplotlib.colormaps["Greys_r"],
        "zorder": CONSTANTS_COLOUR_STYLE.zorder.background_polygon,
    }
    if imshow_kwargs is not None:
        imshow_settings.update(imshow_kwargs)

    text_settings = {
        "text": None,
        "offset": 0.005,
        "color": CONSTANTS_COLOUR_STYLE.colour.brightest,
        "alpha": CONSTANTS_COLOUR_STYLE.opacity.high,
        "zorder": CONSTANTS_COLOUR_STYLE.zorder.midground_label,
    }
    if text_kwargs is not None:
        text_settings.update(text_kwargs)
    text_offset = text_settings.pop("offset")

    image = as_float_array(image)

    axes.imshow(np.clip(image, 0, 1), **imshow_settings)

    if text_settings["text"] is not None:
        text = text_settings.pop("text")

        axes.text(
            text_offset,
            text_offset,
            text,
            transform=axes.transAxes,
            ha="left",
            va="bottom",
            **text_settings,
        )

    settings: Dict[str, Any] = {
        "axes": axes,
        "axes_visible": False,
    }
    settings.update(kwargs)

    return render(**settings)


def plot_ray(
    axes: Axes,
    x_coords: ArrayLike,
    y_coords: ArrayLike,
    style: Literal["solid", "dashed"] | str = "solid",
    label: str | None = None,
    show_arrow: bool = True,
    show_dots: bool = False,
) -> None:
    """
    Draw a ray path with optional arrow and interface dots.

    Parameters
    ----------
    axes
        Axes to draw the ray on.
    x_coords
        X coordinates of the ray path.
    y_coords
        Y coordinates of the ray path.
    style
        Line style: 'solid' for transmitted rays, 'dashed' for reflected rays.
    label
        Label for the legend (only on first segment).
    show_arrow
        Whether to show directional arrow at midpoint.
    show_dots
        Whether to show dots at intermediate points.

    Examples
    --------
    >>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    >>> import numpy as np
    >>> _fig, axes = plt.subplots()
    >>> x = np.array([0, 1, 2])
    >>> y = np.array([0, 1, 0])
    >>> plot_ray(axes, x, y, style="solid", label="Ray")
    >>> plt.close()
    """

    x_coords = as_float_array(x_coords)
    y_coords = as_float_array(y_coords)

    # Validate style
    style = validate_method(style, ("solid", "dashed"))

    # Draw the ray line
    linestyle = "-" if style == "solid" else "--"
    axes.plot(
        x_coords,
        y_coords,
        linestyle=linestyle,
        color="black",
        linewidth=2,
        label=label,
        zorder=CONSTANTS_COLOUR_STYLE.zorder.midground_line,
    )

    # Draw arrows on each segment
    if show_arrow:
        for i in range(len(x_coords) - 1):
            x_start, x_end = x_coords[i], x_coords[i + 1]
            y_start, y_end = y_coords[i], y_coords[i + 1]

            # Calculate midpoint
            mid_x = (x_start + x_end) / 2
            mid_y = (y_start + y_end) / 2

            # Calculate direction
            dx = x_end - x_start
            dy = y_end - y_start

            # Draw arrow at midpoint
            axes.annotate(
                "",
                xy=(mid_x + dx * 0.1, mid_y + dy * 0.1),
                xytext=(mid_x, mid_y),
                arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="->", color="black", lw=1.5),
                zorder=CONSTANTS_COLOUR_STYLE.zorder.foreground_annotation,
            )

    # Draw dots at intermediate points (exclude first and last)
    if show_dots and len(x_coords) > 2:
        axes.plot(
            x_coords[1:-1],
            y_coords[1:-1],
            "ko",
            markersize=6,
            zorder=CONSTANTS_COLOUR_STYLE.zorder.foreground_scatter,
        )

colour-science / colour / 25544858007

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