23457975600

Committed 23 Mar 2026 08:14PM UTC coverage: 41.285% (-0.4%) from 41.678%

Build # 23457975600

Build Type

Pull #107

github

Committed by

web-flow

Commit Message

Merge cfb7ec4a4 into ccdeccb51

Pull Request Pull Request #107: Use Conductor-based streams for StdIO

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276 of 1029 branches covered (26.82%)

Branch coverage included in aggregate %.

7 of 37 new or added lines in 2 files covered. (18.92%)

24 existing lines in 1 file now uncovered.

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6.11

/src/stdlib.ts

import { erf, gamma, lgamma } from "mathjs";
import { Context } from "./cse-machine/context";
import { ControlItem } from "./cse-machine/control";
import { handleRuntimeError } from "./cse-machine/error";
import { Value } from "./cse-machine/stash";
import { displayOutput } from "./cse-machine/streams";
import {
  MissingRequiredPositionalError,
  SublanguageError,
  TooManyPositionalArgumentsError,
  TypeError,
  ValueError,
} from "./errors/errors";

export function Validate(
  minArgs: number | null,
  maxArgs: number | null,
  functionName: string,
  strict: boolean,
) {
  return function (
    _target: unknown,
    _propertyKey: string,
    descriptor: TypedPropertyDescriptor<
      (args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context) => Value
    >,
  ): void {
    const originalMethod = descriptor.value!;

    descriptor.value = function (
      args: Value[],
      source: string,
      command: ControlItem,
      context: Context,
    ): Value {
      if (minArgs !== null && args.length < minArgs) {
        throw new MissingRequiredPositionalError(
          source,
          command as ExprNS.Expr,
          functionName,
          minArgs,
          args,
          strict,
        );
      }

      if (maxArgs !== null && args.length > maxArgs) {
        throw new TooManyPositionalArgumentsError(
          source,
          command as ExprNS.Expr,
          functionName,
          maxArgs,
          args,
          strict,
        );
      }

      return originalMethod.call(this, args, source, command, context);
    };
  };
}

export class BuiltInFunctions {
  @Validate(null, 1, "_int", true)
  static _int(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    if (args.length === 0) {
      return { type: "bigint", value: BigInt(0) };
    }

    const arg = args[0];
    if (args.length === 1) {
      if (arg.type === "number") {
        const truncated = Math.trunc(arg.value);
        return { type: "bigint", value: BigInt(truncated) };
      }
      if (arg.type === "bigint") {
        return { type: "bigint", value: arg.value };
      }
      if (arg.type === "string") {
        const str = arg.value.trim().replace(/_/g, "");
        if (!/^[+-]?\d+$/.test(str)) {
          handleRuntimeError(
            context,
            new ValueError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, "int"),
          );
        }
        return { type: "bigint", value: BigInt(str) };
      }
    } else if (args.length === 2) {
      const baseArg = args[1];
      if (arg.type !== "string") {
        handleRuntimeError(
          context,
          new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, arg.type, "string"),
        );
      }
      if (baseArg.type !== "bigint") {
        handleRuntimeError(
          context,
          new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, baseArg.type, "float' or 'int"),
        );
      }

      let base = Number(baseArg.value);
      let str = arg.value.trim().replace(/_/g, "");

      const sign = str.startsWith("-") ? -1 : 1;
      if (str.startsWith("+") || str.startsWith("-")) {
        str = str.substring(1);
      }

      if (base === 0) {
        if (str.startsWith("0x") || str.startsWith("0X")) {
          base = 16;
          str = str.substring(2);
        } else if (str.startsWith("0o") || str.startsWith("0O")) {
          base = 8;
          str = str.substring(2);
        } else if (str.startsWith("0b") || str.startsWith("0B")) {
          base = 2;
          str = str.substring(2);
        } else {
          base = 10;
        }
      }

      if (base < 2 || base > 36) {
        handleRuntimeError(
          context,
          new ValueError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, "float' or 'int"),
        );
      }

      const validChars = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz".substring(0, base);
      const regex = new RegExp(`^[${validChars}]+$`, "i");
      if (!regex.test(str)) {
        handleRuntimeError(
          context,
          new ValueError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, "float' or 'int"),
        );
      }

      const parsed = parseInt(str, base);
      return { type: "bigint", value: BigInt(sign * parsed) };
    }
    handleRuntimeError(
      context,
      new TypeError(
        source,
        command as ExprNS.Expr,
        context,
        arg.type,
        "string, a bytes-like object or a real number",
      ),
    );
  }

  @Validate(1, 2, "_int_from_string", true)
  static _int_from_string(
    args: Value[],
    source: string,
    command: ControlItem,
    context: Context,
  ): Value {
    const strVal = args[0];
    if (strVal.type !== "string") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, args[0].type, "string"),
      );
    }

    let base: number = 10;
    if (args.length === 2) {
      // The second argument must be either a bigint or a number (it will be converted to a number for uniform processing).
      const baseVal = args[1];
      if (baseVal.type === "bigint") {
        base = Number(baseVal.value);
      } else {
        handleRuntimeError(
          context,
          new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, args[1].type, "float' or 'int"),
        );
      }
    }

    // base should be in between 2 and 36
    if (base < 2 || base > 36) {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new ValueError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, "_int_from_string"),
      );
    }

    let str = strVal.value;
    str = str.trim();
    str = str.replace(/_/g, "");

    // Parse the sign (determine if the value is positive or negative)
    let sign: bigint = BigInt(1);
    if (str.startsWith("+")) {
      str = str.slice(1);
    } else if (str.startsWith("-")) {
      sign = BigInt(-1);
      str = str.slice(1);
    }

    // The remaining portion must consist of valid characters for the specified base.
    const parsedNumber = parseInt(str, base);
    if (isNaN(parsedNumber)) {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new ValueError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, "_int_from_string"),
      );
    }

    const result: bigint = sign * BigInt(parsedNumber);

    return { type: "bigint", value: result };
  }

  @Validate(1, 1, "abs", false)
  static abs(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const x = args[0];
    switch (x.type) {
      case "bigint": {
        const intVal = x.value;
        const result: bigint = intVal < 0 ? -intVal : intVal;
        return { type: "bigint", value: result };
      }
      case "number": {
        return { type: "number", value: Math.abs(x.value) };
      }
      case "complex": {
        // Calculate the modulus (absolute value) of a complex number.
        const real = x.value.real;
        const imag = x.value.imag;
        const modulus = Math.sqrt(real * real + imag * imag);
        return { type: "number", value: modulus };
      }
      default:
        handleRuntimeError(
          context,
          new TypeError(
            source,
            command as ExprNS.Expr,
            context,
            args[0].type,
            "float', 'int' or 'complex",
          ),
        );
    }
  }

  static toStr(val: Value): string {
    return toPythonString(val);
  }

  static error(args: Value[], _source: string, _command: ControlItem, _context: Context): Value {
    const output = "Error: " + args.map(arg => BuiltInFunctions.toStr(arg)).join(" ") + "\n";
    throw new Error(output);
  }

  @Validate(2, 2, "isinstance", false)
  static isinstance(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const obj = args[0];
    const classinfo = args[1];

    let expectedType: string;
    if (classinfo.type === "string") {
      switch (classinfo.value) {
        case "int":
          expectedType = "bigint";
          if (obj.type === "bool") {
            handleRuntimeError(
              context,
              new SublanguageError(
                source,
                command as ExprNS.Expr,
                context,
                "isinstance",
                "1",
                "Python §1 does not treat bool as a subtype of int",
              ),
            );
          }
          break;
        case "float":
          expectedType = "number";
          break;
        case "string":
          expectedType = "string";
          break;
        case "bool":
          expectedType = "bool";
          break;
        case "complex":
          expectedType = "complex";
          break;
        case "NoneType":
          expectedType = "NoneType";
          break;
        default:
          handleRuntimeError(
            context,
            new ValueError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, "isinstance"),
          );
      }
    } else {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, args[0].type, "string"),
      );
    }

    const result = obj.type === expectedType;

    return { type: "bool", value: result };
  }

  @Validate(1, 1, "math_acos", false)
  static math_acos(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const x = args[0];
    if (x.type !== "number" && x.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, x.type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    }

    let num: number;
    if (x.type === "number") {
      num = x.value;
    } else {
      num = Number(x.value);
    }

    if (num < -1 || num > 1) {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new ValueError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, "math_acos"),
      );
    }

    const result = Math.acos(num);
    return { type: "number", value: result };
  }

  @Validate(1, 1, "math_acosh", false)
  static math_acosh(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const x = args[0];

    if (x.type !== "number" && x.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, x.type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    }

    let num: number;
    if (x.type === "number") {
      num = x.value;
    } else {
      num = Number(x.value);
    }

    if (num < 1) {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new ValueError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, "math_acosh"),
      );
    }

    const result = Math.acosh(num);
    return { type: "number", value: result };
  }

  @Validate(1, 1, "math_asin", false)
  static math_asin(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const x = args[0];
    if (x.type !== "number" && x.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, x.type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    }

    let num: number;
    if (x.type === "number") {
      num = x.value;
    } else {
      num = Number(x.value);
    }

    if (num < -1 || num > 1) {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new ValueError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, "math_asin"),
      );
    }

    const result = Math.asin(num);
    return { type: "number", value: result };
  }

  @Validate(1, 1, "math_asinh", false)
  static math_asinh(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const x = args[0];
    if (x.type !== "number" && x.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, x.type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    }

    let num: number;
    if (x.type === "number") {
      num = x.value;
    } else {
      num = Number(x.value);
    }

    const result = Math.asinh(num);
    return { type: "number", value: result };
  }

  @Validate(1, 1, "math_atan", false)
  static math_atan(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const x = args[0];
    if (x.type !== "number" && x.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, x.type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    }

    let num: number;
    if (x.type === "number") {
      num = x.value;
    } else {
      num = Number(x.value);
    }

    const result = Math.atan(num);
    return { type: "number", value: result };
  }

  @Validate(2, 2, "math_atan2", false)
  static math_atan2(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const y = args[0];
    const x = args[1];
    if (x.type !== "number" && x.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, x.type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    } else if (y.type !== "number" && y.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, y.type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    }

    let yNum: number, xNum: number;
    if (y.type === "number") {
      yNum = y.value;
    } else {
      yNum = Number(y.value);
    }

    if (x.type === "number") {
      xNum = x.value;
    } else {
      xNum = Number(x.value);
    }

    const result = Math.atan2(yNum, xNum);
    return { type: "number", value: result };
  }

  @Validate(1, 1, "math_atanh", false)
  static math_atanh(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const x = args[0];
    if (x.type !== "number" && x.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, x.type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    }

    let num: number;
    if (x.type === "number") {
      num = x.value;
    } else {
      num = Number(x.value);
    }

    if (num <= -1 || num >= 1) {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new ValueError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, "math_atanh"),
      );
    }

    const result = Math.atanh(num);
    return { type: "number", value: result };
  }

  @Validate(1, 1, "math_cos", false)
  static math_cos(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const x = args[0];
    if (x.type !== "number" && x.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, x.type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    }

    let num: number;
    if (x.type === "number") {
      num = x.value;
    } else {
      num = Number(x.value);
    }

    const result = Math.cos(num);
    return { type: "number", value: result };
  }

  @Validate(1, 1, "math_cosh", false)
  static math_cosh(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const x = args[0];
    if (x.type !== "number" && x.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, x.type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    }

    let num: number;
    if (x.type === "number") {
      num = x.value;
    } else {
      num = Number(x.value);
    }

    const result = Math.cosh(num);
    return { type: "number", value: result };
  }

  @Validate(1, 1, "math_degrees", false)
  static math_degrees(
    args: Value[],
    source: string,
    command: ControlItem,
    context: Context,
  ): Value {
    const x = args[0];
    if (x.type !== "number" && x.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, x.type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    }

    let num: number;
    if (x.type === "number") {
      num = x.value;
    } else {
      num = Number(x.value);
    }

    const result = (num * 180) / Math.PI;
    return { type: "number", value: result };
  }

  @Validate(1, 1, "math_erf", false)
  static math_erf(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const x = args[0];
    if (x.type !== "number" && x.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, x.type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    }

    let num: number;
    if (x.type === "number") {
      num = x.value;
    } else {
      num = Number(x.value);
    }

    const erfnum = erf(num);

    return { type: "number", value: erfnum };
  }

  @Validate(1, 1, "math_erfc", false)
  static math_erfc(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const x = args[0];
    if (x.type !== "number" && x.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, x.type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    }

    const num = BuiltInFunctions.math_erf(args, source, command, context);
    if (num.type !== "number") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, num.type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    }
    const erfc = 1 - num.value;
    return { type: "number", value: erfc };
  }

  @Validate(2, 2, "char_at", false)
  static char_at(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const s = args[0];
    const i = args[1];

    if (s.type !== "string") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, s.type, "string"),
      );
    }
    if (i.type !== "number" && i.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, i.type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    }

    const index = i.value;

    return { type: "string", value: s.value[Number(index)] };
  }

  @Validate(2, 2, "math_comb", false)
  static math_comb(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const n = args[0];
    const k = args[1];

    if (n.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, n.type, "int"),
      );
    } else if (k.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, k.type, "int"),
      );
    }

    const nVal = BigInt(n.value);
    const kVal = BigInt(k.value);

    if (nVal < 0 || kVal < 0) {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new ValueError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, "math_comb"),
      );
    }

    if (kVal > nVal) {
      return { type: "bigint", value: BigInt(0) };
    }

    let result: bigint = BigInt(1);
    const kk = kVal > nVal - kVal ? nVal - kVal : kVal;

    for (let i: bigint = BigInt(0); i < kk; i++) {
      result = (result * (nVal - i)) / (i + BigInt(1));
    }

    return { type: "bigint", value: result };
  }

  @Validate(1, 1, "math_factorial", false)
  static math_factorial(
    args: Value[],
    source: string,
    command: ControlItem,
    context: Context,
  ): Value {
    const n = args[0];

    if (n.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, n.type, "int"),
      );
    }

    const nVal = BigInt(n.value);

    if (nVal < 0) {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new ValueError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, "math_factorial"),
      );
    }

    // 0! = 1
    if (nVal === BigInt(0)) {
      return { type: "bigint", value: BigInt(1) };
    }

    let result: bigint = BigInt(1);
    for (let i: bigint = BigInt(1); i <= nVal; i++) {
      result *= i;
    }

    return { type: "bigint", value: result };
  }

  static math_gcd(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    if (args.length === 0) {
      return { type: "bigint", value: BigInt(0) };
    }

    const values = args.map(v => {
      if (v.type !== "bigint") {
        handleRuntimeError(
          context,
          new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, v.type, "int"),
        );
      }
      return BigInt(v.value);
    });

    const allZero = values.every(val => val === BigInt(0));
    if (allZero) {
      return { type: "bigint", value: BigInt(0) };
    }

    let currentGcd: bigint = values[0] < 0 ? -values[0] : values[0];
    for (let i = 1; i < values.length; i++) {
      currentGcd = BuiltInFunctions.gcdOfTwo(currentGcd, values[i] < 0 ? -values[i] : values[i]);
      if (currentGcd === BigInt(1)) {
        break;
      }
    }

    return { type: "bigint", value: currentGcd };
  }

  static gcdOfTwo(a: bigint, b: bigint): bigint {
    let x: bigint = a;
    let y: bigint = b;
    while (y !== BigInt(0)) {
      const temp = x % y;
      x = y;
      y = temp;
    }
    return x < 0 ? -x : x;
  }

  @Validate(1, 1, "math_isqrt", false)
  static math_isqrt(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const nValObj = args[0];
    if (nValObj.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, nValObj.type, "int"),
      );
    }

    const n: bigint = nValObj.value;

    if (n < 0) {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new ValueError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, "math_isqrt"),
      );
    }

    if (n < 2) {
      return { type: "bigint", value: n };
    }

    let low: bigint = BigInt(1);
    let high: bigint = n;

    while (low < high) {
      const mid = (low + high + BigInt(1)) >> BigInt(1);
      const sq = mid * mid;
      if (sq <= n) {
        low = mid;
      } else {
        high = mid - BigInt(1);
      }
    }

    return { type: "bigint", value: low };
  }

  static math_lcm(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    if (args.length === 0) {
      return { type: "bigint", value: BigInt(1) };
    }

    const values = args.map(val => {
      if (val.type !== "bigint") {
        handleRuntimeError(
          context,
          new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, val.type, "int"),
        );
      }
      return BigInt(val.value);
    });

    if (values.some(v => v === BigInt(0))) {
      return { type: "bigint", value: BigInt(0) };
    }

    let currentLcm: bigint = BuiltInFunctions.absBigInt(values[0]);
    for (let i = 1; i < values.length; i++) {
      currentLcm = BuiltInFunctions.lcmOfTwo(currentLcm, BuiltInFunctions.absBigInt(values[i]));
      if (currentLcm === BigInt(0)) {
        break;
      }
    }

    return { type: "bigint", value: currentLcm };
  }

  static lcmOfTwo(a: bigint, b: bigint): bigint {
    const gcdVal: bigint = BuiltInFunctions.gcdOfTwo(a, b);
    return BigInt((a / gcdVal) * b);
  }

  static absBigInt(x: bigint): bigint {
    return x < 0 ? -x : x;
  }

  @Validate(1, 2, "math_perm", true)
  static math_perm(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const nValObj = args[0];
    if (nValObj.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, nValObj.type, "int"),
      );
    }
    const n = BigInt(nValObj.value);

    let k = n;
    if (args.length === 2) {
      const kValObj = args[1];
      if (kValObj.type === "none") {
        k = n;
      } else if (kValObj.type === "bigint") {
        k = BigInt(kValObj.value);
      } else {
        handleRuntimeError(
          context,
          new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, kValObj.type, "int' or 'None"),
        );
      }
    }

    if (n < 0 || k < 0) {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new ValueError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, "math_perm"),
      );
    }

    if (k > n) {
      return { type: "bigint", value: BigInt(0) };
    }

    let result: bigint = BigInt(1);
    for (let i: bigint = BigInt(0); i < k; i++) {
      result *= n - i;
    }

    return { type: "bigint", value: result };
  }

  @Validate(1, 1, "math_ceil", false)
  static math_ceil(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const x = args[0];

    if (x.type === "bigint") {
      return x;
    }

    if (x.type === "number") {
      const numVal = x.value;
      const ceiled: bigint = BigInt(Math.ceil(numVal));
      return { type: "bigint", value: ceiled };
    }

    handleRuntimeError(
      context,
      new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, x.type, "float' or 'int"),
    );
  }

  @Validate(1, 1, "math_fabs", false)
  static math_fabs(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const x = args[0];

    if (x.type === "bigint") {
      const bigVal: bigint = BigInt(x.value);
      const absVal: number = bigVal < 0 ? -Number(bigVal) : Number(bigVal);
      return { type: "number", value: absVal };
    }

    if (x.type === "number") {
      const numVal: number = x.value;
      if (typeof numVal !== "number") {
        handleRuntimeError(
          context,
          new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, x.type, "float' or 'int"),
        );
      }
      const absVal: number = Math.abs(numVal);
      return { type: "number", value: absVal };
    }

    handleRuntimeError(
      context,
      new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, x.type, "float' or 'int"),
    );
  }

  @Validate(1, 1, "math_floor", false)
  static math_floor(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const x = args[0];

    if (x.type === "bigint") {
      return x;
    }

    if (x.type === "number") {
      const numVal: number = x.value;
      if (typeof numVal !== "number") {
        handleRuntimeError(
          context,
          new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, x.type, "float' or 'int"),
        );
      }
      const floored: bigint = BigInt(Math.floor(numVal));
      return { type: "bigint", value: floored };
    }

    handleRuntimeError(
      context,
      new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, x.type, "float' or 'int"),
    );
  }

  // Computes the product of a and b along with the rounding error using Dekker's algorithm.
  static twoProd(a: number, b: number): { prod: number; err: number } {
    const prod = a * b;
    const c = 134217729; // 2^27 + 1
    const a_hi = a * c - (a * c - a);
    const a_lo = a - a_hi;
    const b_hi = b * c - (b * c - b);
    const b_lo = b - b_hi;
    const err = a_lo * b_lo - (prod - a_hi * b_hi - a_lo * b_hi - a_hi * b_lo);
    return { prod, err };
  }

  // Computes the sum of a and b along with the rounding error using Fast TwoSum.
  static twoSum(a: number, b: number): { sum: number; err: number } {
    const sum = a + b;
    const v = sum - a;
    const err = a - (sum - v) + (b - v);
    return { sum, err };
  }

  // Performs a fused multiply-add operation: computes (x * y) + z with a single rounding.
  static fusedMultiplyAdd(x: number, y: number, z: number): number {
    const { prod, err: prodErr } = BuiltInFunctions.twoProd(x, y);
    const { sum, err: sumErr } = BuiltInFunctions.twoSum(prod, z);
    const result = sum + (prodErr + sumErr);
    return result;
  }

  static toNumber(val: Value, source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): number {
    if (val.type === "bigint") {
      return Number(val.value);
    } else if (val.type === "number") {
      return val.value;
    } else {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, val.type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    }
  }

  @Validate(3, 3, "math_fma", false)
  static math_fma(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const xVal = BuiltInFunctions.toNumber(args[0], source, command, context);
    const yVal = BuiltInFunctions.toNumber(args[1], source, command, context);
    const zVal = BuiltInFunctions.toNumber(args[2], source, command, context);

    // Special-case handling: According to the IEEE 754 standard, fma(0, inf, nan)
    // and fma(inf, 0, nan) should return NaN.
    if (isNaN(xVal) || isNaN(yVal) || isNaN(zVal)) {
      return { type: "number", value: NaN };
    }
    if (xVal === 0 && !isFinite(yVal) && isNaN(zVal)) {
      return { type: "number", value: NaN };
    }
    if (yVal === 0 && !isFinite(xVal) && isNaN(zVal)) {
      return { type: "number", value: NaN };
    }

    const result = BuiltInFunctions.fusedMultiplyAdd(xVal, yVal, zVal);
    return { type: "number", value: result };
  }

  @Validate(2, 2, "math_fmod", false)
  static math_fmod(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    // Convert inputs to numbers
    const xVal = BuiltInFunctions.toNumber(args[0], source, command, context);
    const yVal = BuiltInFunctions.toNumber(args[1], source, command, context);

    // Divisor cannot be zero
    if (yVal === 0) {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new ValueError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, "math_fmod"),
      );
    }

    // JavaScript's % operator behaves similarly to C's fmod
    // in that the sign of the result is the same as the sign of x.
    // For corner cases (NaN, Infinity), JavaScript remainder
    // yields results consistent with typical C library fmod behavior.
    const remainder = xVal % yVal;

    return { type: "number", value: remainder };
  }

  static roundToEven(num: number): number {
    const floorVal = Math.floor(num);
    const ceilVal = Math.ceil(num);
    const diffFloor = num - floorVal;
    const diffCeil = ceilVal - num;
    if (diffFloor < diffCeil) {
      return floorVal;
    } else if (diffCeil < diffFloor) {
      return ceilVal;
    } else {
      return floorVal % 2 === 0 ? floorVal : ceilVal;
    }
  }

  @Validate(2, 2, "math_remainder", false)
  static math_remainder(
    args: Value[],
    source: string,
    command: ControlItem,
    context: Context,
  ): Value {
    const x = args[0];
    const y = args[1];

    let xValue: number;
    if (x.type === "bigint") {
      xValue = Number(x.value);
    } else if (x.type === "number") {
      xValue = x.value;
    } else {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, x.type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    }

    let yValue: number;
    if (y.type === "bigint") {
      yValue = Number(y.value);
    } else if (y.type === "number") {
      yValue = y.value;
    } else {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, y.type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    }

    if (yValue === 0) {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new ValueError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, "math_remainder"),
      );
    }

    const quotient = xValue / yValue;
    const n = BuiltInFunctions.roundToEven(quotient);
    const remainder = xValue - n * yValue;

    return { type: "number", value: remainder };
  }

  @Validate(1, 1, "math_trunc", false)
  static math_trunc(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const x = args[0];

    if (x.type === "bigint") {
      return x;
    }

    if (x.type === "number") {
      const numVal: number = x.value;
      if (typeof numVal !== "number") {
        handleRuntimeError(
          context,
          new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, x.type, "float' or 'int"),
        );
      }
      let truncated: number;
      if (numVal === 0) {
        truncated = 0;
      } else if (numVal < 0) {
        truncated = Math.ceil(numVal);
      } else {
        truncated = Math.floor(numVal);
      }
      return { type: "bigint", value: BigInt(truncated) };
    }

    handleRuntimeError(
      context,
      new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, x.type, "float' or 'int"),
    );
  }

  @Validate(2, 2, "math_copysign", false)
  static math_copysign(
    args: Value[],
    source: string,
    command: ControlItem,
    context: Context,
  ): Value {
    const [x, y] = args;

    if (x.type !== "number" && x.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, x.type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    } else if (y.type !== "number" && y.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, y.type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    }

    const xVal = Number(x.value);
    const yVal = Number(y.value);

    const absVal = Math.abs(xVal);
    const isNegative = yVal < 0 || Object.is(yVal, -0);
    const result = isNegative ? -absVal : absVal;

    return { type: "number", value: Number(result) };
  }

  @Validate(1, 1, "math_isfinite", false)
  static math_isfinite(
    args: Value[],
    source: string,
    command: ControlItem,
    context: Context,
  ): Value {
    const xValObj = args[0];
    if (xValObj.type !== "number" && xValObj.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, xValObj.type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    }

    const x = Number(xValObj.value);
    const result: boolean = Number.isFinite(x);

    return { type: "bool", value: result };
  }

  @Validate(1, 1, "math_isinf", false)
  static math_isinf(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const xValObj = args[0];
    if (xValObj.type !== "number" && xValObj.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, xValObj.type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    }

    const x = Number(xValObj.value);
    const result: boolean = x === Infinity || x === -Infinity;

    return { type: "bool", value: result };
  }

  @Validate(1, 1, "math_isnan", false)
  static math_isnan(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const xValObj = args[0];
    if (xValObj.type !== "number" && xValObj.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, xValObj.type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    }

    const x = Number(xValObj.value);
    const result: boolean = Number.isNaN(x);

    return { type: "bool", value: result };
  }

  @Validate(2, 2, "math_ldexp", false)
  static math_ldexp(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const xVal = BuiltInFunctions.toNumber(args[0], source, command, context);

    if (args[1].type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, args[1].type, "int"),
      );
    }
    const expVal = args[1].value;

    // Perform x * 2^expVal
    // In JavaScript, 2**expVal may overflow or underflow, yielding Infinity or 0 respectively.
    // That behavior parallels typical C library rules for ldexp.
    const result = xVal * Math.pow(2, Number(expVal));

    return { type: "number", value: result };
  }

  static math_nextafter(
    _args: Value[],
    _source: string,
    _command: ControlItem,
    _context: Context,
  ): Value {
    // TODO: Implement math_nextafter using proper bit-level manipulation and handling special cases (NaN, Infinity, steps, etc.)
    throw new Error("math_nextafter not implemented");
  }

  static math_ulp(
    _args: Value[],
    _source: string,
    _command: ControlItem,
    _context: Context,
  ): Value {
    // TODO: Implement math_ulp to return the unit in the last place (ULP) of the given floating-point number.
    throw new Error("math_ulp not implemented");
  }

  @Validate(1, 1, "math_cbrt", false)
  static math_cbrt(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const xVal = args[0];
    let x: number;

    if (xVal.type !== "number") {
      if (xVal.type === "bigint") {
        x = Number(xVal.value);
      } else {
        handleRuntimeError(
          context,
          new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, xVal.type, "float' or 'int"),
        );
      }
    } else {
      x = xVal.value;
    }

    const result = Math.cbrt(x);

    return { type: "number", value: result };
  }

  @Validate(1, 1, "math_exp", false)
  static math_exp(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const xVal = args[0];
    let x: number;

    if (xVal.type !== "number") {
      if (xVal.type === "bigint") {
        x = Number(xVal.value);
      } else {
        handleRuntimeError(
          context,
          new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, xVal.type, "float' or 'int"),
        );
      }
    } else {
      x = xVal.value;
    }

    const result = Math.exp(x);
    return { type: "number", value: result };
  }

  @Validate(1, 1, "math_exps", false)
  static math_exp2(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const xVal = args[0];
    let x: number;

    if (xVal.type !== "number") {
      if (xVal.type === "bigint") {
        x = Number(xVal.value);
      } else {
        handleRuntimeError(
          context,
          new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, xVal.type, "float' or 'int"),
        );
      }
    } else {
      x = xVal.value;
    }

    const result = Math.pow(2, x);
    return { type: "number", value: result };
  }

  @Validate(1, 1, "math_expm1", false)
  static math_expm1(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const x = args[0];
    if (x.type !== "number" && x.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, x.type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    }

    let num: number;
    if (x.type === "number") {
      num = x.value;
    } else {
      num = Number(x.value);
    }

    const result = Math.expm1(num);
    return { type: "number", value: result };
  }

  @Validate(1, 1, "math_gamma", false)
  static math_gamma(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const x = args[0];
    if (x.type !== "number" && x.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, x.type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    }

    const z = BuiltInFunctions.toNumber(x, source, command, context);
    const result = gamma(z);

    return { type: "number", value: result };
  }

  @Validate(1, 1, "math_lgamma", false)
  static math_lgamma(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const x = args[0];
    if (x.type !== "number" && x.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, x.type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    }

    const z = BuiltInFunctions.toNumber(x, source, command, context);
    const result = lgamma(z);

    return { type: "number", value: result };
  }

  @Validate(1, 2, "math_log", true)
  static math_log(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const x = args[0];
    if (x.type !== "number" && x.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, x.type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    }
    let num: number;
    if (x.type === "number") {
      num = x.value;
    } else {
      num = Number(x.value);
    }

    if (num <= 0) {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new ValueError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, "math_log"),
      );
    }

    if (args.length === 1) {
      return { type: "number", value: Math.log(num) };
    }

    const baseArg = args[1];
    if (baseArg.type !== "number" && baseArg.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, baseArg.type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    }
    let baseNum: number;
    if (baseArg.type === "number") {
      baseNum = baseArg.value;
    } else {
      baseNum = Number(baseArg.value);
    }
    if (baseNum <= 0) {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new ValueError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, "math_log"),
      );
    }

    const result = Math.log(num) / Math.log(baseNum);
    return { type: "number", value: result };
  }

  @Validate(1, 1, "math_log10", false)
  static math_log10(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const x = args[0];
    if (x.type !== "number" && x.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, args[0].type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    }
    let num: number;
    if (x.type === "number") {
      num = x.value;
    } else {
      num = Number(x.value);
    }
    if (num <= 0) {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new ValueError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, "math_log10"),
      );
    }

    const result = Math.log10(num);
    return { type: "number", value: result };
  }

  @Validate(1, 1, "math_log1p", false)
  static math_log1p(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const x = args[0];
    if (x.type !== "number" && x.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, args[0].type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    }
    let num: number;
    if (x.type === "number") {
      num = x.value;
    } else {
      num = Number(x.value);
    }
    if (1 + num <= 0) {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new ValueError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, "math_log1p"),
      );
    }

    const result = Math.log1p(num);
    return { type: "number", value: result };
  }

  @Validate(1, 1, "math_log2", false)
  static math_log2(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const x = args[0];
    if (x.type !== "number" && x.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, args[0].type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    }
    let num: number;
    if (x.type === "number") {
      num = x.value;
    } else {
      num = Number(x.value);
    }
    if (num <= 0) {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new ValueError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, "math_log2"),
      );
    }

    const result = Math.log2(num);
    return { type: "number", value: result };
  }

  @Validate(2, 2, "math_pow", false)
  static math_pow(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const base = args[0];
    const exp = args[1];

    if (base.type !== "number" && base.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, base.type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    } else if (exp.type !== "number" && exp.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, exp.type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    }

    let baseNum: number;
    if (base.type === "number") {
      baseNum = base.value;
    } else {
      baseNum = Number(base.value);
    }

    let expNum: number;
    if (exp.type === "number") {
      expNum = exp.value;
    } else {
      expNum = Number(exp.value);
    }

    const result = Math.pow(baseNum, expNum);
    return { type: "number", value: result };
  }

  @Validate(1, 1, "math_radians", false)
  static math_radians(
    args: Value[],
    source: string,
    command: ControlItem,
    context: Context,
  ): Value {
    const x = args[0];
    if (x.type !== "number" && x.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, x.type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    }

    let deg: number;
    if (x.type === "number") {
      deg = x.value;
    } else {
      deg = Number(x.value);
    }

    const radians = (deg * Math.PI) / 180;
    return { type: "number", value: radians };
  }

  @Validate(1, 1, "math_sin", false)
  static math_sin(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const x = args[0];
    if (x.type !== "number" && x.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, x.type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    }

    let num: number;
    if (x.type === "number") {
      num = x.value;
    } else {
      num = Number(x.value);
    }

    const result = Math.sin(num);
    return { type: "number", value: result };
  }

  @Validate(1, 1, "math_sinh", false)
  static math_sinh(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const x = args[0];
    if (x.type !== "number" && x.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, x.type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    }

    let num: number;
    if (x.type === "number") {
      num = x.value;
    } else {
      num = Number(x.value);
    }

    const result = Math.sinh(num);
    return { type: "number", value: result };
  }

  @Validate(1, 1, "math_tan", false)
  static math_tan(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const x = args[0];
    if (x.type !== "number" && x.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, x.type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    }

    let num: number;
    if (x.type === "number") {
      num = x.value;
    } else {
      num = Number(x.value);
    }

    const result = Math.tan(num);
    return { type: "number", value: result };
  }

  @Validate(1, 1, "math_tanh", false)
  static math_tanh(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const x = args[0];
    if (x.type !== "number" && x.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, x.type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    }

    let num: number;
    if (x.type === "number") {
      num = x.value;
    } else {
      num = Number(x.value);
    }

    const result = Math.tanh(num);
    return { type: "number", value: result };
  }

  @Validate(1, 1, "math_sqrt", false)
  static math_sqrt(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const x = args[0];
    if (x.type !== "number" && x.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, x.type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    }

    let num: number;
    if (x.type === "number") {
      num = x.value;
    } else {
      num = Number(x.value);
    }

    if (num < 0) {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new ValueError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, "math_sqrt"),
      );
    }

    const result = Math.sqrt(num);
    return { type: "number", value: result };
  }

  @Validate(2, null, "max", true)
  static max(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const numericTypes = ["bigint", "number"];
    const firstType = args[0].type;
    const isNumeric = numericTypes.includes(firstType);
    const isString = firstType === "string";

    for (let i = 1; i < args.length; i++) {
      const t = args[i].type;
      if (isNumeric && !numericTypes.includes(t)) {
        handleRuntimeError(
          context,
          new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, args[i].type, "float' or 'int"),
        );
      }
      if (isString && t !== "string") {
        handleRuntimeError(
          context,
          new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, args[i].type, "string"),
        );
      }
    }

    let useFloat = false;
    if (isNumeric) {
      for (const arg of args) {
        if (arg.type === "number") {
          useFloat = true;
          break;
        }
      }
    }

    let maxIndex = 0;
    if (isNumeric) {
      if (useFloat) {
        if (args[0].type !== "number" && args[0].type !== "bigint") {
          handleRuntimeError(
            context,
            new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, args[0].type, "float' or 'int"),
          );
        }
        let maxVal: number = Number(args[0].value);
        for (let i = 1; i < args.length; i++) {
          const arg = args[i];
          if (arg.type !== "number" && arg.type !== "bigint") {
            handleRuntimeError(
              context,
              new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, arg.type, "float' or 'int"),
            );
          }
          const curr: number = Number(arg.value);
          if (curr > maxVal) {
            maxVal = curr;
            maxIndex = i;
          }
        }
      } else {
        if (args[0].type !== "bigint") {
          handleRuntimeError(
            context,
            new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, args[0].type, "int"),
          );
        }
        let maxVal: bigint = args[0].value;
        for (let i = 1; i < args.length; i++) {
          const arg = args[i];
          if (arg.type !== "bigint") {
            handleRuntimeError(
              context,
              new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, arg.type, "int"),
            );
          }
          const curr: bigint = arg.value;
          if (curr > maxVal) {
            maxVal = curr;
            maxIndex = i;
          }
        }
      }
    } else if (isString) {
      if (args[0].type !== "string") {
        handleRuntimeError(
          context,
          new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, args[0].type, "string"),
        );
      }
      let maxVal = args[0].value;
      for (let i = 1; i < args.length; i++) {
        const arg = args[i];
        if (arg.type !== "string") {
          handleRuntimeError(
            context,
            new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, arg.type, "string"),
          );
        }
        const curr = arg.value;
        if (curr > maxVal) {
          maxVal = curr;
          maxIndex = i;
        }
      }
    } else {
      // Won't happen
      throw new Error(`max: unsupported type ${firstType}`);
    }

    return args[maxIndex];
  }

  @Validate(2, null, "min", true)
  static min(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    if (args.length < 2) {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new MissingRequiredPositionalError(
          source,
          command as ExprNS.Expr,
          "min",
          Number(2),
          args,
          true,
        ),
      );
    }

    const numericTypes = ["bigint", "number"];
    const firstType = args[0].type;
    const isNumeric = numericTypes.includes(firstType);
    const isString = firstType === "string";

    for (let i = 1; i < args.length; i++) {
      const t = args[i].type;
      if (isNumeric && !numericTypes.includes(t)) {
        handleRuntimeError(
          context,
          new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, args[i].type, "float' or 'int"),
        );
      }
      if (isString && t !== "string") {
        handleRuntimeError(
          context,
          new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, args[i].type, "string"),
        );
      }
    }

    let useFloat = false;
    if (isNumeric) {
      for (const arg of args) {
        if (arg.type === "number") {
          useFloat = true;
          break;
        }
      }
    }

    let maxIndex = 0;
    if (isNumeric) {
      if (useFloat) {
        if (args[0].type !== "number" && args[0].type !== "bigint") {
          handleRuntimeError(
            context,
            new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, args[0].type, "float' or 'int"),
          );
        }
        let maxVal: number = Number(args[0].value);
        for (let i = 1; i < args.length; i++) {
          const arg = args[i];
          if (arg.type !== "number" && arg.type !== "bigint") {
            handleRuntimeError(
              context,
              new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, arg.type, "float' or 'int"),
            );
          }
          const curr: number = Number(arg.value);
          if (curr < maxVal) {
            maxVal = curr;
            maxIndex = i;
          }
        }
      } else {
        if (args[0].type !== "bigint") {
          handleRuntimeError(
            context,
            new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, args[0].type, "int"),
          );
        }
        let maxVal: bigint = args[0].value;
        for (let i = 1; i < args.length; i++) {
          const arg = args[i];
          if (arg.type !== "bigint") {
            handleRuntimeError(
              context,
              new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, arg.type, "int"),
            );
          }
          const curr: bigint = arg.value;
          if (curr < maxVal) {
            maxVal = curr;
            maxIndex = i;
          }
        }
      }
    } else if (isString) {
      if (args[0].type !== "string") {
        handleRuntimeError(
          context,
          new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, args[0].type, "string"),
        );
      }
      let maxVal = args[0].value;
      for (let i = 1; i < args.length; i++) {
        const arg = args[i];
        if (arg.type !== "string") {
          handleRuntimeError(
            context,
            new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, arg.type, "string"),
          );
        }
        const curr = arg.value;
        if (curr < maxVal) {
          maxVal = curr;
          maxIndex = i;
        }
      }
    } else {
      // Won't happen
      throw new Error(`min: unsupported type ${firstType}`);
    }

    return args[maxIndex];
  }

  @Validate(null, 0, "random_random", true)
  static random_random(
    _args: Value[],
    _source: string,
    _command: ControlItem,
    _context: Context,
  ): Value {
    const result = Math.random();
    return { type: "number", value: result };
  }

  @Validate(1, 2, "round", true)
  static round(args: Value[], source: string, command: ControlItem, context: Context): Value {
    const numArg = args[0];
    if (numArg.type !== "number" && numArg.type !== "bigint") {
      handleRuntimeError(
        context,
        new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, numArg.type, "float' or 'int"),
      );
    }

    let ndigitsArg = { type: "bigint", value: BigInt(0) };
    if (args.length === 2 && args[1].type !== "none") {
      if (args[1].type !== "bigint") {
        handleRuntimeError(
          context,
          new TypeError(source, command as ExprNS.Expr, context, args[1].type, "int"),
        );
      }
      ndigitsArg = args[1];
    }

    if (numArg.type === "number") {
      const numberValue: number = numArg.value;
      if (ndigitsArg.value > 0) {
        const shifted = Number(numberValue.toFixed(Number(ndigitsArg.value)));
        return { type: "number", value: shifted };
      } else if (ndigitsArg.value === BigInt(0)) {
        const shifted = Math.round(numArg.value);
        return { type: "bigint", value: BigInt(shifted) };
      } else {
        const shifted =
          Math.round(numArg.value / 10 ** -Number(ndigitsArg.value)) *
          10 ** -Number(ndigitsArg.value);
        return { type: "number", value: shifted };
      }
    } else {
      if (ndigitsArg.value >= 0) {
        return numArg;
      } else {
        const shifted: bigint =
          (numArg.value / BigInt(10) ** -ndigitsArg.value) * BigInt(10) ** -ndigitsArg.value;
        return { type: "bigint", value: shifted };
      }
    }
  }

  @Validate(null, 0, "time_time", true)
  static time_time(
    _args: Value[],
    _source: string,
    _command: ControlItem,
    _context: Context,
  ): Value {
    const currentTime = Date.now();
    return { type: "number", value: currentTime };
  }

  static input(_args: Value[], _source: string, _command: ControlItem, _context: Context): Value {
    // TODO: : call conductor to receive user input
    return { type: "string", value: "" };
  }

  static print(args: Value[], _source: string, _command: ControlItem, context: Context) {
    const output = args.map(arg => toPythonString(arg)).join(" ");
    displayOutput(context, output);
    return { type: "undefined" };
  }

  static str(args: Value[], _source: string, _command: ControlItem, _context: Context): Value {
    if (args.length === 0) {
      return { type: "string", value: "" };
    }
    const obj = args[0];
    const result = toPythonString(obj);
    return { type: "string", value: result };
  }
}

import { ExprNS, StmtNS } from "./ast-types";
import py_s1_constants from "./stdlib/py_s1_constants.json";

// NOTE: If we ever switch to another Python “chapter” (e.g. py_s2_constants),
//       just change the variable below to switch to the set.
const constants = py_s1_constants;

/*
    Create a map to hold built-in constants.
    Each constant is stored with a string key and its corresponding value object.
*/
export const builtInConstants = new Map<string, Value>();

const constantMap = {
  math_e: { type: "number", value: Math.E },
  math_inf: { type: "number", value: Infinity },
  math_nan: { type: "number", value: NaN },
  math_pi: { type: "number", value: Math.PI },
  math_tau: { type: "number", value: 2 * Math.PI },
} as const;

for (const name of constants.constants) {
  const valueObj = constantMap[name as keyof typeof constantMap];
  if (!valueObj) {
    throw new Error(`Constant '${name}' is not implemented`);
  }
  builtInConstants.set(name, valueObj);
}

/*
    Create a map to hold built-in functions.
    The keys are strings (function names) and the values are functions that can take any arguments.
*/
export const builtIns = new Map<string, Value>();
for (const name of constants.builtInFuncs) {
  const impl = BuiltInFunctions[name as keyof BuiltInFunctions];
  if (typeof impl !== "function") {
    throw new Error(`BuiltInFunctions.${name} is not implemented`);
  }
  const builtinName = name.startsWith("_") ? name.substring(1) : name;
  builtIns.set(name, { type: "builtin", name: builtinName, func: impl });
}

/**
 * Converts a number to a string that mimics Python's float formatting behavior.
 *
 * In Python, float values are printed in scientific notation when their absolute value
 * is ≥ 1e16 or < 1e-4. This differs from JavaScript/TypeScript's default behavior,
 * so we explicitly enforce these formatting thresholds.
 *
 * The logic here is based on Python's internal `format_float_short` implementation
 * in CPython's `pystrtod.c`:
 * https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Python/pystrtod.c
 *
 * Special cases such as -0, Infinity, and NaN are also handled to ensure that
 * output matches Python’s display conventions.
 */
export function toPythonFloat(num: number): string {
  if (Object.is(num, -0)) {
    return "-0.0";
  }
  if (num === 0) {
    return "0.0";
  }

  if (num === Infinity) {
    return "inf";
  }
  if (num === -Infinity) {
    return "-inf";
  }

  if (Number.isNaN(num)) {
    return "nan";
  }

  if (Math.abs(num) >= 1e16 || (num !== 0 && Math.abs(num) < 1e-4)) {
    return num.toExponential().replace(/e([+-])(\d)$/, "e$10$2");
  }
  if (Number.isInteger(num)) {
    return num.toFixed(1).toString();
  }
  return num.toString();
}

export function toPythonString(obj: Value): string {
  let ret = "";
  if (!obj) {
    return "None";
  }
  if (obj.type == "builtin") {
    return `<built-in function ${obj.name}>`;
  }
  if (obj.type === "bigint" || obj.type === "complex") {
    ret = obj.value.toString();
  } else if (obj.type === "number") {
    ret = toPythonFloat(obj.value);
  } else if (obj.type === "bool") {
    if (obj.value === true) {
      return "True";
    } else {
      return "False";
    }
  } else if (obj.type === "error") {
    return obj.message;
  } else if (obj.type === "closure") {
    if (obj.closure.node instanceof StmtNS.FunctionDef) {
      return `<function ${obj.closure.node.name.lexeme}>`;
    }
    return "<function (anonymous)>";
  } else if (obj.type === "none") {
    ret = "None";
  } else if (obj.type === "string") {
    ret = obj.value.toString();
  }
  return ret;
}

export function str(
  args: Value[],
  _source: string,
  _command: ControlItem,
  _context: Context,
): Value {
  if (args.length === 0) {
    return { type: "string", value: "" };
  }
  const obj = args[0];
  const result = toPythonString(obj);
  return { type: "string", value: result };
}

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