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jbaldwin / libcoro / 22549952569

01 Mar 2026 06:40PM UTC coverage: 86.223%. First build
22549952569

Pull #444

github

web-flow
Merge df44cf7db into 0161911f2
Pull Request #444: scheduler remove lock for scheduled|resumed tasks

34 of 47 new or added lines in 4 files covered. (72.34%)

1890 of 2192 relevant lines covered (86.22%)

4793391.71 hits per line

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87.3
/src/scheduler.cpp
1
#include "coro/scheduler.hpp"
2
#include "coro/detail/task_self_deleting.hpp"
3

4
#include <atomic>
5
#include <cstring>
6
#include <iostream>
7
#include <optional>
8
#include <sys/socket.h>
9
#include <sys/types.h>
10
#include <unistd.h>
11

12
using namespace std::chrono_literals;
13

14
namespace coro
15
{
16

17
namespace detail
18
{
19
static auto
20
    make_spawned_joinable_wait_task(std::unique_ptr<coro::task_group<coro::scheduler>> group_ptr) -> coro::task<void>
×
21
{
22
    co_await *group_ptr;
23
    co_return;
24
}
×
25

26
} // namespace detail
27

28
scheduler::scheduler(options&& opts, private_constructor)
98✔
29
    : m_opts(opts),
98✔
30
      m_io_notifier(),
98✔
31
      m_timer(static_cast<const void*>(&m_timer_object), m_io_notifier)
196✔
32
{
33
    if (!m_io_notifier.watch(m_shutdown_pipe.read_fd(), coro::poll_op::read, const_cast<void*>(m_shutdown_ptr), true))
98✔
34
    {
35
        throw std::runtime_error("Failed to register m_shutdown_pipe.read_fd() for read events.");
×
36
    }
37

38
    if (!m_io_notifier.watch(m_schedule_pipe.read_fd(), coro::poll_op::read, const_cast<void*>(m_schedule_ptr), true))
98✔
39
    {
40
        throw std::runtime_error("Failed to register m_schedule.pipe.read_rd() for read events.");
×
41
    }
42

43
    m_recent_events.reserve(m_max_events);
98✔
44

45
    if (m_opts.execution_strategy == execution_strategy_t::process_tasks_on_thread_pool)
98✔
46
    {
47
        m_thread_pool = thread_pool::make_unique(std::move(m_opts.pool));
55✔
48
    }
49
}
98✔
50

51
auto scheduler::make_unique(options opts) -> std::unique_ptr<scheduler>
98✔
52
{
53
    auto s = std::make_unique<scheduler>(std::move(opts), private_constructor{});
98✔
54

55
    // Spawn the dedicated event loop thread once the scheduler is fully constructed
56
    // so it has a full object to work with.
57
    if (s->m_opts.thread_strategy == thread_strategy_t::spawn)
98✔
58
    {
59
        s->m_io_thread = std::thread([s = s.get()]() { s->process_events_dedicated_thread(); });
192✔
60
    }
61
    // else manual mode, the user must call process_events.
62

63
    return s;
98✔
64
}
×
65

66
scheduler::~scheduler()
196✔
67
{
68
    shutdown();
98✔
69

70
    if (m_io_thread.joinable())
98✔
71
    {
72
        m_io_thread.join();
×
73
    }
74

75
    m_shutdown_pipe.close();
98✔
76
    m_schedule_pipe.close();
98✔
77
}
196✔
78

79
auto scheduler::process_events(std::chrono::milliseconds timeout) -> std::size_t
4✔
80
{
81
    process_events_manual(timeout);
4✔
82
    return size();
4✔
83
}
84

85
auto scheduler::spawn_detached(coro::task<void>&& task) -> bool
200,318✔
86
{
87
    m_size.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order::release);
200,318✔
88
    auto wrapper_task = detail::make_task_self_deleting(std::move(task));
200,318✔
89
    wrapper_task.promise().user_final_suspend([this]() -> void { m_size.fetch_sub(1, std::memory_order::release); });
400,636✔
90
    return resume(wrapper_task.handle());
200,318✔
91
}
92

93
auto scheduler::spawn_joinable(coro::task<void>&& task) -> coro::task<void>
×
94
{
95
    auto group_ptr = std::make_unique<coro::task_group<coro::scheduler>>(this, std::move(task));
×
96
    return detail::make_spawned_joinable_wait_task(std::move(group_ptr));
×
97
}
×
98

99
auto scheduler::schedule_at(time_point time) -> coro::task<void>
3✔
100
{
101
    return yield_until(time);
3✔
102
}
103

104
auto scheduler::yield_until(time_point time) -> coro::task<void>
4✔
105
{
106
    auto now = clock::now();
107

108
    // If the requested time is in the past (or now!) bail out!
109
    if (time <= now)
110
    {
111
        co_await schedule();
112
    }
113
    else
114
    {
115
        m_size.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order::release);
116

117
        auto amount = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(time - now);
118

119
        detail::poll_info pi{};
120
        add_timer_token(now + amount, pi);
121
        co_await pi;
122
    }
123
    co_return;
124
}
8✔
125

126
auto scheduler::poll(
2,303,326✔
127
    fd_t                           fd,
128
    coro::poll_op                  op,
129
    std::chrono::milliseconds      timeout,
130
    std::optional<poll_stop_token> cancel_trigger) -> coro::task<poll_status>
131
{
132
    // Because the size will drop when this coroutine suspends every poll needs to undo the subtraction
133
    // on the number of active tasks in the scheduler.  When this task is resumed by the event loop.
134
    m_size.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order::release);
135

136
    // Setup two events, a timeout event and the actual poll for op event.
137
    // Whichever triggers first will delete the other to guarantee only one wins.
138
    // The resume token will be set by the scheduler to what the event turned out to be.
139

140
    bool timeout_requested = (timeout > 0ms);
141

142
    auto pi = detail::poll_info{fd, op, cancel_trigger};
143

144
    if (timeout_requested)
145
    {
146
        pi.m_timer_pos = add_timer_token(clock::now() + timeout, pi);
147
    }
148

149
    if (!m_io_notifier.watch(pi))
150
    {
151
        std::cerr << "Failed to add " << fd << " to watch list\n";
152
    }
153

154
    // The event loop will 'clean-up' whichever event didn't win since the coroutine is scheduled
155
    // onto the thread poll its possible the other type of event could trigger while its waiting
156
    // to execute again, thus restarting the coroutine twice, that would be quite bad.
157
    auto result = co_await pi;
158
    co_return result;
159
}
4,740,719✔
160

161
auto scheduler::resume(std::coroutine_handle<> handle) -> bool
200,378✔
162
{
163
    if (handle == nullptr || handle.done())
200,378✔
164
    {
165
        return false;
×
166
    }
167

168
    if (m_shutdown_requested.load(std::memory_order::acquire))
200,378✔
169
    {
170
        return false;
×
171
    }
172

173
    if (m_opts.execution_strategy == execution_strategy_t::process_tasks_inline)
200,378✔
174
    {
175
        auto* schedule_op        = new schedule_operation{*this};
101✔
176
        schedule_op->m_allocated = true;
101✔
177
        schedule_op->await_suspend(handle);
101✔
178
        return true;
101✔
179
    }
180
    else
181
    {
182
        return m_thread_pool->resume(handle);
200,277✔
183
    }
184
}
185

186
auto scheduler::shutdown() noexcept -> void
142✔
187
{
188
    // Only allow shutdown to occur once.
189
    if (m_shutdown_requested.exchange(true, std::memory_order::acq_rel) == false)
142✔
190
    {
191
        // Signal the event loop to stop asap.
192
        const constexpr int value{1};
98✔
193
        ssize_t             written = m_shutdown_pipe.write(&value, sizeof(value));
98✔
194
        if (written != sizeof(value))
98✔
195
        {
NEW
196
            std::cerr << "libcoro::scheduler::shutdown() failed to write to shutdown pipe, bytes written=" << written
×
NEW
197
                      << "\n";
×
198
        }
199

200
        if (m_io_thread.joinable())
98✔
201
        {
202
            m_io_thread.join();
96✔
203
        }
204

205
        if (m_thread_pool != nullptr)
98✔
206
        {
207
            m_thread_pool->shutdown();
55✔
208
        }
209
    }
210
}
142✔
211

212
auto scheduler::yield_for_internal(std::chrono::nanoseconds amount) -> coro::task<void>
5,000,175✔
213
{
214
    if (amount <= 0ms)
215
    {
216
        co_await schedule();
217
    }
218
    else
219
    {
220
        // Yield/timeout tasks are considered live in the scheduler and must be accounted for. Note
221
        // that if the user gives an invalid amount and schedule() is directly called it will account
222
        // for the scheduled task there.
223
        m_size.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order::release);
224

225
        // Yielding does not require setting the timer position on the poll info since
226
        // it doesn't have a corresponding 'event' that can trigger, it always waits for
227
        // the timeout to occur before resuming.
228

229
        detail::poll_info pi{};
230
        add_timer_token(clock::now() + amount, pi);
231
        co_await pi;
232
    }
233
    co_return;
234
}
10,000,350✔
235

236
auto scheduler::process_events_manual(std::chrono::milliseconds timeout) -> void
4✔
237
{
238
    bool expected{false};
4✔
239
    if (m_io_processing.compare_exchange_strong(expected, true, std::memory_order::release, std::memory_order::relaxed))
4✔
240
    {
241
        process_events_execute(timeout);
4✔
242
        m_io_processing.exchange(false, std::memory_order::release);
4✔
243
    }
244
}
4✔
245

246
auto scheduler::process_events_dedicated_thread() -> void
96✔
247
{
248
    if (m_opts.on_io_thread_start_functor != nullptr)
96✔
249
    {
250
        m_opts.on_io_thread_start_functor();
×
251
    }
252

253
    m_io_processing.exchange(true, std::memory_order::release);
96✔
254
    // Execute tasks until stopped or there are no more tasks to complete.
255
    while (!m_shutdown_requested.load(std::memory_order::acquire) || size() > 0)
1,264,010✔
256
    {
257
        process_events_execute(m_default_timeout);
1,262,789✔
258
    }
259
    m_io_processing.exchange(false, std::memory_order::release);
260

261
    if (m_opts.on_io_thread_stop_functor != nullptr)
96✔
262
    {
263
        m_opts.on_io_thread_stop_functor();
×
264
    }
265
}
96✔
266

267
auto scheduler::process_events_execute(std::chrono::milliseconds timeout) -> void
1,263,447✔
268
{
269
    // Clear the recent events without decreasing the allocated capacity to reduce allocations
270
    m_recent_events.clear();
1,263,447✔
271
    m_io_notifier.next_events(m_recent_events, timeout);
1,262,457✔
272

273
    for (auto& [handle_ptr, poll_status] : m_recent_events)
4,691,070✔
274
    {
275
        if (handle_ptr == m_timer_ptr)
3,430,678✔
276
        {
277
            // Process all events that have timed out.
278
            process_timeout_execute();
888,184✔
279
        }
280
        else if (handle_ptr == m_schedule_ptr)
2,542,494✔
281
        {
282
            // Process scheduled coroutines.
283
            process_scheduled_execute_inline();
50✔
284
        }
285
        else if (handle_ptr == m_shutdown_ptr) [[unlikely]]
2,542,444✔
286
        {
287
            // Nothing to do, just needed to wake-up and smell the flowers
288
        }
289
        else
290
        {
291
            // Individual poll task wake-up.
292
            process_event_execute(static_cast<detail::poll_info*>(handle_ptr), poll_status);
2,542,349✔
293
        }
294
    }
295

296
    // Its important to not resume any handles until the full set is accounted for.  If a timeout
297
    // and an event for the same handle happen in the same epoll_wait() call then inline processing
298
    // will destruct the poll_info object before the second event is handled.  This is also possible
299
    // with thread pool processing, but probably has an extremely low chance of occuring due to
300
    // the thread switch required.  If m_max_events == 1 this would be unnecessary.
301

302
    if (!m_handles_to_resume.empty())
1,269,749✔
303
    {
304
        if (m_opts.execution_strategy == execution_strategy_t::process_tasks_inline)
1,269,817✔
305
        {
306
            std::size_t resumed{0};
231,442✔
307
            for (auto& handle : m_handles_to_resume)
1,988,385✔
308
            {
309
                handle.resume();
1,783,312✔
310
                ++resumed;
1,906,505✔
311
            }
312
            if (resumed > 0)
172,198✔
313
            {
314
                m_size.fetch_sub(resumed, std::memory_order::release);
228,590✔
315
            }
316
        }
317
        else
318
        {
319
            m_thread_pool->resume(m_handles_to_resume);
1,038,375✔
320
            m_size.fetch_sub(m_handles_to_resume.size(), std::memory_order::release);
1,038,383✔
321
        }
322

323
        m_handles_to_resume.clear();
1,210,647✔
324
    }
325
}
1,262,936✔
326

327
auto scheduler::process_scheduled_execute_inline() -> void
50✔
328
{
329
    // Acquire the entire list, and then reset it.
330
    auto* ops = detail::awaiter_list_pop_all(m_scheduled_ops);
50✔
331

332
    // Clear the notification by reading until the pipe is cleared.
333
    while (true)
334
    {
335
        constexpr std::size_t       READ_COUNT{4};
50✔
336
        constexpr ssize_t           READ_COUNT_BYTES = READ_COUNT * sizeof(int);
50✔
337
        std::array<int, READ_COUNT> control{};
50✔
338
        const ssize_t               read_bytes = m_schedule_pipe.read(control.data(), READ_COUNT_BYTES);
50✔
339
        if (read_bytes == READ_COUNT_BYTES)
50✔
340
        {
NEW
341
            continue;
×
342
        }
343

344
        // If we got nothing, or we got a partial read break the loop since the pipe is empty.
345
        if (read_bytes >= 0)
50✔
346
        {
347
            break;
50✔
348
        }
349

350
        // pipe is set to O_NONBLOCK so ignore empty blocking reads.
NEW
351
        if (errno == EAGAIN)
×
352
        {
353
            break;
×
354
        }
355

356
        // Not much we can do here, we're in a very bad state, lets report to stderr.
NEW
357
        std::cerr << "::read(m_schedule_pipe.read_fd()) error[" << errno << "] " << ::strerror(errno) << " fd=["
×
NEW
358
                  << m_schedule_pipe.read_fd() << "]" << std::endl;
×
NEW
359
        break;
×
360
    }
×
361

362
    m_schedule_pipe_triggered.exchange(false, std::memory_order::release);
50✔
363

364
    if (ops != nullptr)
50✔
365
    {
366
        ops = detail::awaiter_list_reverse(ops);
50✔
367

368
        while (ops != nullptr)
286✔
369
        {
370
            auto* next = ops->m_next;
236✔
371
            m_handles_to_resume.emplace_back(ops->m_awaiting_coroutine);
236✔
372

373
            if (ops->m_allocated)
236✔
374
            {
375
                delete ops;
101✔
376
            }
377

378
            ops = next;
236✔
379
        }
380
    }
381
}
50✔
382

383
auto scheduler::process_event_execute(detail::poll_info* pi, poll_status status) -> void
2,538,340✔
384
{
385
    if (!pi->m_processed)
2,538,340✔
386
    {
387
        std::atomic_thread_fence(std::memory_order::acquire);
388
        // Its possible the event and the timeout occurred in the same epoll, make sure only one
389
        // is ever processed, the other is discarded.
390
        pi->m_processed = true;
2,543,903✔
391

392
        // Given a valid fd always remove it from epoll so the next poll can blindly EPOLL_CTL_ADD.
393
        if (pi->m_fd != -1)
2,543,903✔
394
        {
395
            m_io_notifier.unwatch(*pi);
2,571,827✔
396
        }
397

398
        // Since this event triggered, remove its corresponding timeout if it has one.
399
        if (pi->m_timer_pos.has_value())
2,539,217✔
400
        {
401
            remove_timer_token(pi->m_timer_pos.value());
100,428✔
402
        }
403

404
        pi->m_poll_status = status;
2,514,716✔
405

406
        while (pi->m_awaiting_coroutine == nullptr)
72,019,130✔
407
        {
408
            std::atomic_thread_fence(std::memory_order::acquire);
409
        }
410

411
        m_handles_to_resume.emplace_back(pi->m_awaiting_coroutine);
2,541,767✔
412
    }
413
}
2,508,194✔
414

415
auto scheduler::process_timeout_execute() -> void
888,184✔
416
{
417
    std::vector<detail::poll_info*> poll_infos{};
888,184✔
418
    auto                            now = clock::now();
888,184✔
419

420
    {
421
        std::scoped_lock lk{m_timed_events_mutex};
888,184✔
422
        while (!m_timed_events.empty())
5,888,379✔
423
        {
424
            auto first    = m_timed_events.begin();
5,888,320✔
425
            auto [tp, pi] = *first;
5,888,320✔
426

427
            if (tp <= now)
5,888,320✔
428
            {
429
                m_timed_events.erase(first);
5,000,195✔
430
                poll_infos.emplace_back(pi);
5,000,195✔
431
            }
432
            else
433
            {
434
                break;
888,125✔
435
            }
436
        }
437
    }
888,184✔
438

439
    for (auto pi : poll_infos)
5,888,379✔
440
    {
441
        if (!pi->m_processed)
5,000,195✔
442
        {
443
            // Its possible the event and the timeout occurred in the same epoll, make sure only one
444
            // is ever processed, the other is discarded.
445
            pi->m_processed = true;
5,000,195✔
446

447
            // Since this timed out, remove its corresponding event if it has one.
448
            if (pi->m_fd != -1)
5,000,195✔
449
            {
450
                m_io_notifier.unwatch(*pi);
19✔
451
            }
452

453
            while (pi->m_awaiting_coroutine == nullptr)
5,033,839✔
454
            {
455
                std::atomic_thread_fence(std::memory_order::acquire);
456
            }
457

458
            m_handles_to_resume.emplace_back(pi->m_awaiting_coroutine);
5,000,195✔
459
            pi->m_poll_status = coro::poll_status::timeout;
5,000,195✔
460
        }
461
    }
462

463
    // Update the time to the next smallest time point, re-take the current now time
464
    // since updating and resuming tasks could shift the time.
465
    update_timeout(clock::now());
888,184✔
466
}
888,184✔
467

468
auto scheduler::add_timer_token(time_point tp, detail::poll_info& pi) -> timed_events::iterator
5,100,399✔
469
{
470
    std::scoped_lock lk{m_timed_events_mutex};
5,100,399✔
471
    auto             pos = m_timed_events.emplace(tp, &pi);
5,100,622✔
472

473
    // If this item was inserted as the smallest time point, update the timeout.
474
    if (pos == m_timed_events.begin())
5,100,623✔
475
    {
476
        update_timeout(clock::now());
573✔
477
    }
478

479
    return pos;
5,100,622✔
480
}
5,100,622✔
481

482
auto scheduler::remove_timer_token(timed_events::iterator pos) -> void
100,429✔
483
{
484
    {
485
        std::scoped_lock lk{m_timed_events_mutex};
100,429✔
486
        auto             is_first = (m_timed_events.begin() == pos);
100,428✔
487

488
        m_timed_events.erase(pos);
100,427✔
489

490
        // If this was the first item, update the timeout.  It would be acceptable to just let it
491
        // also fire the timeout as the event loop will ignore it since nothing will have timed
492
        // out but it feels like the right thing to do to update it to the correct timeout value.
493
        if (is_first)
100,428✔
494
        {
495
            update_timeout(clock::now());
40,349✔
496
        }
497
    }
100,429✔
498
}
100,429✔
499

500
auto scheduler::update_timeout(time_point now) -> void
929,106✔
501
{
502
    if (!m_timed_events.empty())
929,106✔
503
    {
504
        auto& [tp, pi] = *m_timed_events.begin();
928,690✔
505

506
        auto amount = tp - now;
928,690✔
507

508
        if (!m_io_notifier.watch_timer(m_timer, amount))
928,692✔
509
        {
510
            std::cerr << "Failed to set timerfd errorno=[" << std::string{strerror(errno)} << "].";
×
511
        }
512
    }
513
    else
514
    {
515
        m_io_notifier.unwatch_timer(m_timer);
415✔
516
    }
517
}
929,107✔
518

519
} // namespace coro
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