20447389715

Committed 21 Dec 2025 07:31PM UTC coverage: 72.37% (-0.1%) from 72.5%

Build # 20447389715

Build Type

push

github

Committed by

DaanDeMeyer

Commit Message

mkosi: Use initrd as exitrd

Let's speed up image builds by avoiding building
an exitrd and instead reusing the initrd image for
the same purpose.

Run Details

308584 of 426400 relevant lines covered (72.37%)

1134231.7 hits per line

Source File
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75.86

/src/busctl/busctl.c

/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */

#include <getopt.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include "sd-bus.h"
#include "sd-daemon.h"
#include "sd-event.h"
#include "sd-json.h"

#include "alloc-util.h"
#include "bitfield.h"
#include "build.h"
#include "bus-dump.h"
#include "bus-error.h"
#include "bus-internal.h"
#include "bus-signature.h"
#include "bus-type.h"
#include "bus-util.h"
#include "busctl-introspect.h"
#include "capsule-util.h"
#include "errno-util.h"
#include "escape.h"
#include "fd-util.h"
#include "fdset.h"
#include "fileio.h"
#include "format-table.h"
#include "glyph-util.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "logarithm.h"
#include "main-func.h"
#include "memstream-util.h"
#include "os-util.h"
#include "pager.h"
#include "parse-argument.h"
#include "parse-util.h"
#include "path-util.h"
#include "pretty-print.h"
#include "runtime-scope.h"
#include "set.h"
#include "string-util.h"
#include "strv.h"
#include "terminal-util.h"
#include "time-util.h"
#include "user-util.h"
#include "verbs.h"
#include "version.h"

static sd_json_format_flags_t arg_json_format_flags = SD_JSON_FORMAT_OFF;
static PagerFlags arg_pager_flags = 0;
static bool arg_legend = true;
static int arg_full = -1;
static const char *arg_address = NULL;
static bool arg_unique = false;
static bool arg_acquired = false;
static bool arg_activatable = false;
static bool arg_show_machine = false;
static char **arg_matches = NULL;
static BusTransport arg_transport = BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL;
static const char *arg_host = NULL;
static RuntimeScope arg_runtime_scope = RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM;
static size_t arg_snaplen = 4096;
static bool arg_list = false;
static bool arg_quiet = false;
static bool arg_verbose = false;
static bool arg_xml_interface = false;
static bool arg_expect_reply = true;
static bool arg_auto_start = true;
static bool arg_allow_interactive_authorization = true;
static bool arg_augment_creds = true;
static bool arg_watch_bind = false;
static usec_t arg_timeout = 0;
static const char *arg_destination = NULL;
static uint64_t arg_limit_messages = UINT64_MAX;

STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_matches, strv_freep);

#define NAME_IS_ACQUIRED INT_TO_PTR(1)
#define NAME_IS_ACTIVATABLE INT_TO_PTR(2)

static int acquire_bus(bool set_monitor, sd_bus **ret) {
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
        _cleanup_close_ int pin_fd = -EBADF;
        int r;

        r = sd_bus_new(&bus);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to allocate bus: %m");

        (void) sd_bus_set_description(bus, "busctl");

        if (set_monitor) {
                r = sd_bus_set_monitor(bus, true);
                if (r < 0)
                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to set monitor mode: %m");

                r = sd_bus_negotiate_creds(bus, true, _SD_BUS_CREDS_ALL);
                if (r < 0)
                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to enable credentials: %m");

                r = sd_bus_negotiate_timestamp(bus, true);
                if (r < 0)
                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to enable timestamps: %m");

                r = sd_bus_negotiate_fds(bus, true);
                if (r < 0)
                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to enable fds: %m");
        }

        r = sd_bus_set_bus_client(bus, true);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to set bus client: %m");

        r = sd_bus_set_watch_bind(bus, arg_watch_bind);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to set watch-bind setting to '%s': %m",
                                       yes_no(arg_watch_bind));

        if (arg_address)
                r = sd_bus_set_address(bus, arg_address);
        else
                switch (arg_transport) {

                case BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL:

                        switch (arg_runtime_scope) {

                        case RUNTIME_SCOPE_USER:
                                r = bus_set_address_user(bus);
                                break;

                        case RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM:
                                r = bus_set_address_system(bus);
                                break;

                        default:
                                assert_not_reached();
                        }

                        break;

                case BUS_TRANSPORT_REMOTE:
                        r = bus_set_address_system_remote(bus, arg_host);
                        break;

                case BUS_TRANSPORT_MACHINE:
                        r = bus_set_address_machine(bus, arg_runtime_scope, arg_host);
                        break;

                case BUS_TRANSPORT_CAPSULE:
                        r = bus_set_address_capsule_bus(bus, arg_host, &pin_fd);
                        break;

                default:
                        assert_not_reached();
                }
        if (r < 0)
                return bus_log_address_error(r, arg_transport);

        r = sd_bus_start(bus);
        if (r < 0)
                return bus_log_connect_error(r, arg_transport, arg_runtime_scope);

        *ret = TAKE_PTR(bus);

        return 0;
}

static void notify_bus_error(const sd_bus_error *error) {

        if (!sd_bus_error_is_set(error))
                return;

        (void) sd_notifyf(/* unset_environment= */ false, "BUSERROR=%s", error->name);
}

static int list_bus_names(int argc, char **argv, void *userdata) {
        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **acquired = NULL, **activatable = NULL;
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
        _cleanup_hashmap_free_ Hashmap *names = NULL;
        _cleanup_(table_unrefp) Table *table = NULL;
        char *k;
        void *v;
        int r;

        enum {
                COLUMN_ACTIVATABLE,
                COLUMN_NAME,
                COLUMN_PID,
                COLUMN_PROCESS,
                COLUMN_USER,
                COLUMN_CONNECTION,
                COLUMN_UNIT,
                COLUMN_SESSION,
                COLUMN_DESCRIPTION,
                COLUMN_MACHINE,
        };

        if (!arg_unique && !arg_acquired && !arg_activatable)
                arg_unique = arg_acquired = arg_activatable = true;

        r = acquire_bus(false, &bus);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        r = sd_bus_list_names(bus,
                              (arg_acquired || arg_unique) ? &acquired : NULL,
                              arg_activatable ? &activatable : NULL);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to list names: %m");

        names = hashmap_new(&string_hash_ops);
        if (!names)
                return log_oom();

        STRV_FOREACH(i, acquired) {
                r = hashmap_put(names, *i, NAME_IS_ACQUIRED);
                if (r < 0)
                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add to hashmap: %m");
        }

        STRV_FOREACH(i, activatable) {
                r = hashmap_put(names, *i, NAME_IS_ACTIVATABLE);
                if (r < 0 && r != -EEXIST)
                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add to hashmap: %m");
        }

        table = table_new("activatable",
                          "name",
                          "pid",
                          "process",
                          "user",
                          "connection",
                          "unit",
                          "session",
                          "description",
                          "machine");
        if (!table)
                return log_oom();

        if (arg_full > 0)
                table_set_width(table, 0);

        r = table_set_align_percent(table, table_get_cell(table, 0, COLUMN_PID), 100);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to set alignment: %m");

        table_set_ersatz_string(table, TABLE_ERSATZ_DASH);

        r = table_set_sort(table, (size_t) COLUMN_NAME);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to set sort column: %m");

        if (arg_show_machine)
                r = table_set_display(table, (size_t) COLUMN_NAME,
                                             (size_t) COLUMN_PID,
                                             (size_t) COLUMN_PROCESS,
                                             (size_t) COLUMN_USER,
                                             (size_t) COLUMN_CONNECTION,
                                             (size_t) COLUMN_UNIT,
                                             (size_t) COLUMN_SESSION,
                                             (size_t) COLUMN_DESCRIPTION,
                                             (size_t) COLUMN_MACHINE);
        else
                r = table_set_display(table, (size_t) COLUMN_NAME,
                                             (size_t) COLUMN_PID,
                                             (size_t) COLUMN_PROCESS,
                                             (size_t) COLUMN_USER,
                                             (size_t) COLUMN_CONNECTION,
                                             (size_t) COLUMN_UNIT,
                                             (size_t) COLUMN_SESSION,
                                             (size_t) COLUMN_DESCRIPTION);

        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to set columns to display: %m");

        HASHMAP_FOREACH_KEY(v, k, names) {
                _cleanup_(sd_bus_creds_unrefp) sd_bus_creds *creds = NULL;

                if (v == NAME_IS_ACTIVATABLE) {
                        r = table_add_many(
                                        table,
                                        TABLE_INT, PTR_TO_INT(v),
                                        TABLE_STRING, k,
                                        TABLE_EMPTY,
                                        TABLE_EMPTY,
                                        TABLE_EMPTY,
                                        TABLE_STRING, "(activatable)", TABLE_SET_COLOR, ansi_grey(),
                                        TABLE_EMPTY,
                                        TABLE_EMPTY,
                                        TABLE_EMPTY,
                                        TABLE_EMPTY);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return table_log_add_error(r);

                        continue;
                }

                assert(v == NAME_IS_ACQUIRED);

                if (!arg_unique && k[0] == ':')
                        continue;

                if (!arg_acquired && k[0] != ':')
                        continue;

                r = table_add_many(table,
                                   TABLE_INT, PTR_TO_INT(v),
                                   TABLE_STRING, k);
                if (r < 0)
                        return table_log_add_error(r);

                r = sd_bus_get_name_creds(
                                bus, k,
                                (arg_augment_creds ? SD_BUS_CREDS_AUGMENT : 0) |
                                SD_BUS_CREDS_EUID|SD_BUS_CREDS_PID|SD_BUS_CREDS_COMM|
                                SD_BUS_CREDS_UNIQUE_NAME|SD_BUS_CREDS_UNIT|SD_BUS_CREDS_SESSION|
                                SD_BUS_CREDS_DESCRIPTION, &creds);
                if (r < 0) {
                        log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to acquire credentials of service %s, ignoring: %m", k);

                        r = table_fill_empty(table, COLUMN_MACHINE);
                } else {
                        const char *unique = NULL, *session = NULL, *unit = NULL, *cn = NULL;
                        pid_t pid;
                        uid_t uid;

                        r = sd_bus_creds_get_pid(creds, &pid);
                        if (r >= 0) {
                                const char *comm = NULL;

                                (void) sd_bus_creds_get_comm(creds, &comm);

                                r = table_add_many(table,
                                                   TABLE_PID, pid,
                                                   TABLE_STRING, strna(comm));
                        } else
                                r = table_add_many(table, TABLE_EMPTY, TABLE_EMPTY);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return table_log_add_error(r);

                        r = sd_bus_creds_get_euid(creds, &uid);
                        if (r >= 0) {
                                _cleanup_free_ char *u = NULL;

                                u = uid_to_name(uid);
                                if (!u)
                                        return log_oom();

                                r = table_add_cell(table, NULL, TABLE_STRING, u);
                        } else
                                r = table_add_cell(table, NULL, TABLE_EMPTY, NULL);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return table_log_add_error(r);

                        (void) sd_bus_creds_get_unique_name(creds, &unique);
                        (void) sd_bus_creds_get_unit(creds, &unit);
                        (void) sd_bus_creds_get_session(creds, &session);
                        (void) sd_bus_creds_get_description(creds, &cn);

                        r = table_add_many(
                                        table,
                                        TABLE_STRING, unique,
                                        TABLE_STRING, unit,
                                        TABLE_STRING, session,
                                        TABLE_STRING, cn);
                }
                if (r < 0)
                        return table_log_add_error(r);

                if (arg_show_machine) {
                        sd_id128_t mid;

                        r = sd_bus_get_name_machine_id(bus, k, &mid);
                        if (r < 0)
                                log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to acquire credentials of service %s, ignoring: %m", k);
                        else {
                                r = table_add_cell(table, NULL, TABLE_ID128, &mid);
                                if (r < 0)
                                        return table_log_add_error(r);

                                continue; /* line fully filled, no need to fill the remainder below */
                        }
                }

                r = table_fill_empty(table, 0);
                if (r < 0)
                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to fill line: %m");
        }

        return table_print_with_pager(table, arg_json_format_flags, arg_pager_flags, arg_legend);
}

static void print_subtree(const char *prefix, const char *path, char **l) {
        /* We assume the list is sorted. Let's first skip over the
         * entry we are looking at. */
        for (;;) {
                if (!*l)
                        return;

                if (!streq(*l, path))
                        break;

                l++;
        }

        const char
                *vertical = strjoina(prefix, glyph(GLYPH_TREE_VERTICAL)),
                *space = strjoina(prefix, glyph(GLYPH_TREE_SPACE));

        for (;;) {
                bool has_more = false;
                char **n;

                if (!*l || !path_startswith(*l, path))
                        break;

                n = l + 1;
                for (;;) {
                        if (!*n || !path_startswith(*n, path))
                                break;

                        if (!path_startswith(*n, *l)) {
                                has_more = true;
                                break;
                        }

                        n++;
                }

                printf("%s%s %s\n",
                       prefix,
                       glyph(has_more ? GLYPH_TREE_BRANCH : GLYPH_TREE_RIGHT),
                       *l);

                print_subtree(has_more ? vertical : space, *l, l);
                l = n;
        }
}

static void print_tree(char **l) {
        if (arg_list)
                strv_print(l);
        else if (strv_isempty(l))
                printf("No objects discovered.\n");
        else if (streq(l[0], "/") && !l[1])
                printf("Only root object discovered.\n");
        else
                print_subtree("", "/", l);
}

static int on_path(const char *path, void *userdata) {
        Set *paths = ASSERT_PTR(userdata);
        int r;

        r = set_put_strdup(&paths, path);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_oom();

        return 0;
}

static int find_nodes(sd_bus *bus, const char *service, const char *path, Set *paths) {
        static const XMLIntrospectOps ops = {
                .on_path = on_path,
        };

        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
        const char *xml;
        int r;

        r = sd_bus_call_method(bus, service, path,
                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable", "Introspect",
                               &error, &reply, NULL);
        if (r < 0) {
                notify_bus_error(&error);
                printf("%sFailed to introspect object %s of service %s: %s%s\n",
                       ansi_highlight_red(),
                       path, service, bus_error_message(&error, r),
                       ansi_normal());
                return r;
        }

        r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "s", &xml);
        if (r < 0)
                return bus_log_parse_error(r);

        return parse_xml_introspect(path, xml, &ops, paths);
}

static int tree_one(sd_bus *bus, const char *service) {
        _cleanup_set_free_ Set *paths = NULL, *done = NULL, *failed = NULL;
        _cleanup_free_ char **l = NULL;
        int r;

        r = set_put_strdup(&paths, "/");
        if (r < 0)
                return log_oom();

        for (;;) {
                _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
                int q;

                p = set_steal_first(paths);
                if (!p)
                        break;

                if (set_contains(done, p) ||
                    set_contains(failed, p))
                        continue;

                q = find_nodes(bus, service, p, paths);
                if (q < 0 && r >= 0)
                        r = q;

                q = set_ensure_consume(q < 0 ? &failed : &done, &string_hash_ops_free, TAKE_PTR(p));
                assert(q != 0);
                if (q < 0)
                        return log_oom();
        }

        pager_open(arg_pager_flags);

        l = set_get_strv(done);
        if (!l)
                return log_oom();

        strv_sort(l);
        print_tree(l);

        fflush(stdout);

        return r;
}

static int tree(int argc, char **argv, void *userdata) {
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
        int r;

        /* Do superficial verification of arguments before even opening the bus */
        STRV_FOREACH(i, strv_skip(argv, 1))
                if (!sd_bus_service_name_is_valid(*i))
                        return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
                                               "Invalid bus service name: %s", *i);

        if (!arg_unique && !arg_acquired)
                arg_acquired = true;

        r = acquire_bus(false, &bus);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        char **args = strv_skip(argv, 1);
        if (args)
                STRV_FOREACH(arg, args) {
                        if (arg != args)
                                puts("");

                        if (args[1]) {
                                pager_open(arg_pager_flags);
                                printf("Service %s%s%s:\n", ansi_highlight(), *arg, ansi_normal());
                        }

                        RET_GATHER(r, tree_one(bus, *arg));
                }
        else {
                _cleanup_strv_free_ char **names = NULL;

                r = sd_bus_list_names(bus, &names, NULL);
                if (r < 0)
                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get name list: %m");

                pager_open(arg_pager_flags);

                STRV_FOREACH(name, names) {
                        if (!arg_unique && (*name)[0] == ':')
                                continue;

                        if (!arg_acquired && (*name)[0] == ':')
                                continue;

                        if (name != names)
                                puts("");

                        printf("Service %s%s%s:\n", ansi_highlight(), *name, ansi_normal());

                        RET_GATHER(r, tree_one(bus, *name));
                }
        }

        return r;
}

static int format_cmdline(sd_bus_message *m, FILE *f, bool needs_space) {
        int r;

        for (;;) {
                const char *contents = NULL;
                char type;
                union {
                        uint8_t u8;
                        uint16_t u16;
                        int16_t s16;
                        uint32_t u32;
                        int32_t s32;
                        uint64_t u64;
                        int64_t s64;
                        double d64;
                        const char *string;
                        int i;
                } basic;

                r = sd_bus_message_peek_type(m, &type, &contents);
                if (r < 0)
                        return r;
                if (r == 0)
                        return needs_space;

                if (bus_type_is_container(type) > 0) {

                        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, type, contents);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return r;

                        if (type == SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY) {
                                unsigned n = 0;

                                /* count array entries */
                                for (;;) {

                                        r = sd_bus_message_skip(m, contents);
                                        if (r < 0)
                                                return r;
                                        if (r == 0)
                                                break;

                                        n++;
                                }

                                r = sd_bus_message_rewind(m, false);
                                if (r < 0)
                                        return r;

                                if (needs_space)
                                        fputc(' ', f);

                                fprintf(f, "%u", n);
                                needs_space = true;

                        } else if (type == SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT) {

                                if (needs_space)
                                        fputc(' ', f);

                                fprintf(f, "%s", contents);
                                needs_space = true;
                        }

                        r = format_cmdline(m, f, needs_space);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return r;

                        needs_space = r > 0;

                        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return r;

                        continue;
                }

                r = sd_bus_message_read_basic(m, type, &basic);
                if (r < 0)
                        return r;

                if (needs_space)
                        fputc(' ', f);

                switch (type) {
                case SD_BUS_TYPE_BYTE:
                        fprintf(f, "%u", basic.u8);
                        break;

                case SD_BUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
                        fputs(true_false(basic.i), f);
                        break;

                case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT16:
                        fprintf(f, "%i", basic.s16);
                        break;

                case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT16:
                        fprintf(f, "%u", basic.u16);
                        break;

                case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT32:
                        fprintf(f, "%i", basic.s32);
                        break;

                case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT32:
                        fprintf(f, "%u", basic.u32);
                        break;

                case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT64:
                        fprintf(f, "%" PRIi64, basic.s64);
                        break;

                case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT64:
                        fprintf(f, "%" PRIu64, basic.u64);
                        break;

                case SD_BUS_TYPE_DOUBLE:
                        fprintf(f, "%g", basic.d64);
                        break;

                case SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING:
                case SD_BUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH:
                case SD_BUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE: {
                        _cleanup_free_ char *b = NULL;

                        b = cescape(basic.string);
                        if (!b)
                                return -ENOMEM;

                        fprintf(f, "\"%s\"", b);
                        break;
                }

                case SD_BUS_TYPE_UNIX_FD:
                        fprintf(f, "%i", basic.i);
                        break;

                default:
                        assert_not_reached();
                }

                needs_space = true;
        }
}

typedef struct Member {
        const char *type;
        char *interface;
        char *name;
        char *signature;
        char *result;
        char *value;
        bool writable;
        uint64_t flags;
} Member;

static void member_hash_func(const Member *m, struct siphash *state) {
        uint64_t arity = 1;

        assert(m);
        assert(m->type);

        string_hash_func(m->type, state);

        arity += !!m->name + !!m->interface;

        uint64_hash_func(&arity, state);

        if (m->name)
                string_hash_func(m->name, state);

        if (m->signature)
                string_hash_func(m->signature, state);

        if (m->interface)
                string_hash_func(m->interface, state);
}

static int member_compare_func(const Member *x, const Member *y) {
        int d;

        assert(x);
        assert(y);
        assert(x->type);
        assert(y->type);

        d = strcmp_ptr(x->interface, y->interface);
        if (d != 0)
                return d;

        d = strcmp(x->type, y->type);
        if (d != 0)
                return d;

        d = strcmp_ptr(x->name, y->name);
        if (d != 0)
                return d;

        return strcmp_ptr(x->signature, y->signature);
}

static Member* member_free(Member *m) {
        if (!m)
                return NULL;

        free(m->interface);
        free(m->name);
        free(m->signature);
        free(m->result);
        free(m->value);
        return mfree(m);
}
DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(Member*, member_free);

static int on_interface(const char *interface, uint64_t flags, void *userdata) {
        _cleanup_(member_freep) Member *m = NULL;
        Set *members = ASSERT_PTR(userdata);
        int r;

        assert(interface);

        m = new(Member, 1);
        if (!m)
                return log_oom();

        *m = (Member) {
                .type = "interface",
                .flags = flags,
        };

        r = strdup_to(&m->interface, interface);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_oom();

        r = set_consume(members, TAKE_PTR(m));
        if (r < 0)
                return log_oom();
        if (r == 0)
                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EEXIST),
                                       "Invalid introspection data: duplicate interface '%s'.", interface);

        return 0;
}

static int on_method(const char *interface, const char *name, const char *signature, const char *result, uint64_t flags, void *userdata) {
        _cleanup_(member_freep) Member *m = NULL;
        Set *members = userdata;
        int r;

        assert(interface);
        assert(name);

        m = new(Member, 1);
        if (!m)
                return log_oom();

        *m = (Member) {
                .type = "method",
                .flags = flags,
        };

        r = strdup_to(&m->interface, interface);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_oom();

        r = strdup_to(&m->name, name);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_oom();

        r = strdup_to(&m->signature, signature);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_oom();

        r = strdup_to(&m->result, result);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_oom();

        r = set_consume(members, TAKE_PTR(m));
        if (r < 0)
                return log_oom();
        if (r == 0)
                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EEXIST),
                                       "Invalid introspection data: duplicate method '%s' on interface '%s'.", name, interface);

        return 0;
}

static int on_signal(const char *interface, const char *name, const char *signature, uint64_t flags, void *userdata) {
        _cleanup_(member_freep) Member *m = NULL;
        Set *members = userdata;
        int r;

        assert(interface);
        assert(name);

        m = new(Member, 1);
        if (!m)
                return log_oom();

        *m = (Member) {
                .type = "signal",
                .flags = flags,
        };

        r = strdup_to(&m->interface, interface);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_oom();

        r = strdup_to(&m->name, name);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_oom();

        r = strdup_to(&m->signature, signature);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_oom();

        r = set_consume(members, TAKE_PTR(m));
        if (r < 0)
                return log_oom();
        if (r == 0)
                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EEXIST),
                                       "Invalid introspection data: duplicate signal '%s' on interface '%s'.", name, interface);

        return 0;
}

static int on_property(const char *interface, const char *name, const char *signature, bool writable, uint64_t flags, void *userdata) {
        _cleanup_(member_freep) Member *m = NULL;
        Set *members = userdata;
        int r;

        assert(interface);
        assert(name);

        m = new(Member, 1);
        if (!m)
                return log_oom();

        *m = (Member) {
                .type = "property",
                .flags = flags,
                .writable = writable,
        };

        r = strdup_to(&m->interface, interface);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_oom();

        r = strdup_to(&m->name, name);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_oom();

        r = strdup_to(&m->signature, signature);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_oom();

        r = set_consume(members, TAKE_PTR(m));
        if (r < 0)
                return log_oom();
        if (r == 0)
                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EEXIST),
                                       "Invalid introspection data: duplicate property '%s' on interface '%s'.", name, interface);

        return 0;
}

DEFINE_PRIVATE_HASH_OPS_WITH_KEY_DESTRUCTOR(
                member_hash_ops,
                Member,
                member_hash_func,
                member_compare_func,
                member_free);

static int members_flags_to_string(const Member *m, char **ret) {
        static const char *map[] = {
                [LOG2U(SD_BUS_VTABLE_DEPRECATED)]                  = "deprecated",
                [LOG2U(SD_BUS_VTABLE_METHOD_NO_REPLY)]             = "no-reply",
                [LOG2U(SD_BUS_VTABLE_PROPERTY_CONST)]              = "const",
                [LOG2U(SD_BUS_VTABLE_PROPERTY_EMITS_CHANGE)]       = "emits-change",
                [LOG2U(SD_BUS_VTABLE_PROPERTY_EMITS_INVALIDATION)] = "emits-invalidation",
        };

        assert(m);
        assert(ret);

        _cleanup_free_ char *str = NULL;
        for (size_t i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(map); i++)
                if (BIT_SET(m->flags, i) && map[i])
                        if (!strextend_with_separator(&str, " ", map[i]))
                                return -ENOMEM;

        if (m->writable)
                if (!strextend_with_separator(&str, " ", "writable"))
                        return -ENOMEM;

        *ret = TAKE_PTR(str);
        return 0;
}

static int introspect(int argc, char **argv, void *userdata) {
        static const XMLIntrospectOps ops = {
                .on_interface = on_interface,
                .on_method = on_method,
                .on_signal = on_signal,
                .on_property = on_property,
        };

        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply_xml = NULL;
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
        _cleanup_set_free_ Set *members = NULL;
        Member *m;
        const char *xml;
        int r;

        r = acquire_bus(false, &bus);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        members = set_new(&member_hash_ops);
        if (!members)
                return log_oom();

        r = sd_bus_call_method(bus, argv[1], argv[2],
                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable", "Introspect",
                               &error, &reply_xml, NULL);
        if (r < 0) {
                notify_bus_error(&error);
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to introspect object %s of service %s: %s",
                                       argv[2], argv[1], bus_error_message(&error, r));
        }

        r = sd_bus_message_read(reply_xml, "s", &xml);
        if (r < 0)
                return bus_log_parse_error(r);

        if (arg_xml_interface) {
                /* Just dump the received XML and finish */
                pager_open(arg_pager_flags);
                puts(xml);
                return 0;
        }

        /* First, get list of all properties */
        r = parse_xml_introspect(argv[2], xml, &ops, members);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        /* Second, find the current values for them */
        SET_FOREACH(m, members) {
                _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;

                if (!streq(m->type, "property"))
                        continue;

                if (m->value)
                        continue;

                if (argv[3] && !streq(argv[3], m->interface))
                        continue;

                r = sd_bus_call_method(bus, argv[1], argv[2],
                                       "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties", "GetAll",
                                       &error, &reply, "s", m->interface);
                if (r < 0) {
                        notify_bus_error(&error);
                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get all properties on interface %s: %s",
                                               m->interface, bus_error_message(&error, r));
                }

                r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, 'a', "{sv}");
                if (r < 0)
                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);

                for (;;) {
                        _cleanup_(memstream_done) MemStream ms = {};
                        _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
                        const char *name, *contents;
                        Member *z;
                        char type;
                        FILE *mf;

                        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, 'e', "sv");
                        if (r < 0)
                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
                        if (r == 0)
                                break;

                        r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "s", &name);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);

                        r = sd_bus_message_peek_type(reply, &type, &contents);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
                        if (type != 'v')
                                return bus_log_parse_error(EINVAL);

                        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, 'v', contents);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);

                        mf = memstream_init(&ms);
                        if (!mf)
                                return log_oom();

                        r = format_cmdline(reply, mf, false);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);

                        r = memstream_finalize(&ms, &buf, NULL);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to flush and close memstream: %m");

                        z = set_get(members, &((Member) {
                                                .type = "property",
                                                .interface = m->interface,
                                                .signature = (char*) contents,
                                                .name = (char*) name }));
                        if (z)
                                free_and_replace(z->value, buf);

                        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(reply);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);

                        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(reply);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
                }

                r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(reply);
                if (r < 0)
                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
        }

        size_t n;
        _cleanup_free_ Member **sorted = NULL;
        r = set_dump_sorted(members, (void***) &sorted, &n);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_oom();

        _cleanup_(table_unrefp) Table *table = table_new("name", "type", "signature", "result/value", "flags");
        if (!table)
                return log_oom();

        if (arg_full)
                table_set_width(table, 0);
        (void) table_set_maximum_width(table, table_get_cell(table, 0, 3), arg_full ? 100 : 40);
        table_set_header(table, arg_legend);
        table_set_ersatz_string(table, TABLE_ERSATZ_DASH);

        FOREACH_ARRAY(p, sorted, n) {
                bool is_interface;

                m = *p;

                if (argv[3] && !streq(argv[3], m->interface))
                        continue;

                is_interface = streq(m->type, "interface");

                if (argv[3] && is_interface)
                        continue;

                if (is_interface)
                        r = table_add_many(
                                        table,
                                        TABLE_STRING, m->interface,
                                        TABLE_SET_COLOR, ansi_highlight());
                else
                        r = table_add_cell_stringf(
                                        table, /* ret_cell= */ NULL, ".%s", m->name);
                if (r < 0)
                        return table_log_add_error(r);

                _cleanup_free_ char *flags = NULL;
                r = members_flags_to_string(m, &flags);
                if (r < 0)
                        return log_oom();

                r = table_add_many(
                                table,
                                TABLE_STRING, m->type,
                                TABLE_STRING, m->signature,
                                TABLE_STRING, m->value ?: m->result,
                                TABLE_STRING, flags);
                if (r < 0)
                        return table_log_add_error(r);
        }

        pager_open(arg_pager_flags);

        r = table_print(table, NULL);
        if (r < 0)
                return table_log_print_error(r);

        return 0;
}

static int message_dump(sd_bus_message *m, FILE *f) {
        int r;

        assert(m);

        r = sd_bus_message_dump(m, f, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_DUMP_WITH_HEADER);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to dump DBus message: %m");

        return 0;
}

static int message_pcap(sd_bus_message *m, FILE *f) {
        int r;

        assert(m);

        r = bus_message_pcap_frame(m, arg_snaplen, f);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to dump DBus message in PCAP format: %m");

        return 0;
}

static int message_json(sd_bus_message *m, FILE *f) {
        _cleanup_(sd_json_variant_unrefp) sd_json_variant *v = NULL;
        int r;

        assert(m);

        r = sd_bus_message_dump_json(m, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_DUMP_WITH_HEADER, &v);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to build JSON object from DBus message: %m");

        r = sd_json_variant_dump(v, arg_json_format_flags, f, NULL);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to show JSON object: %m");

        return 0;
}

static int monitor(int argc, char **argv, int (*dump)(sd_bus_message *m, FILE *f)) {
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *message = NULL;
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
        uint32_t flags = 0;
        const char *unique_name;
        bool is_monitor = false;
        int r;

        r = acquire_bus(true, &bus);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        usec_t end = arg_timeout > 0 ?
                usec_add(now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC), arg_timeout) : USEC_INFINITY;

        /* upgrade connection; it's not used for anything else after this call */
        r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(bus,
                                           &message,
                                           "org.freedesktop.DBus",
                                           "/org/freedesktop/DBus",
                                           "org.freedesktop.DBus.Monitoring",
                                           "BecomeMonitor");
        if (r < 0)
                return bus_log_create_error(r);

        r = sd_bus_message_open_container(message, 'a', "s");
        if (r < 0)
                return bus_log_create_error(r);

        STRV_FOREACH(i, argv+1) {
                _cleanup_free_ char *m = NULL;

                if (!sd_bus_service_name_is_valid(*i))
                        return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "Invalid service name '%s'", *i);

                m = strjoin("sender='", *i, "'");
                if (!m)
                        return log_oom();

                r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(message, 's', m);
                if (r < 0)
                        return bus_log_create_error(r);

                free(m);
                m = strjoin("destination='", *i, "'");
                if (!m)
                        return log_oom();

                r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(message, 's', m);
                if (r < 0)
                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
        }

        STRV_FOREACH(i, arg_matches) {
                r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(message, 's', *i);
                if (r < 0)
                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
        }

        r = sd_bus_message_close_container(message);
        if (r < 0)
                return bus_log_create_error(r);

        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(message, 'u', &flags);
        if (r < 0)
                return bus_log_create_error(r);

        r = sd_bus_call(bus, message, arg_timeout, &error, NULL);
        if (r < 0) {
                notify_bus_error(&error);
                return log_error_errno(r, "Call to org.freedesktop.DBus.Monitoring.BecomeMonitor failed: %s",
                                       bus_error_message(&error, r));
        }

        r = sd_bus_get_unique_name(bus, &unique_name);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get unique name: %m");

        if (!arg_quiet && !sd_json_format_enabled(arg_json_format_flags))
                log_info("Monitoring bus message stream.");

        (void) sd_notify(/* unset_environment=false */ false, "READY=1");

        for (;;) {
                _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *m = NULL;

                r = sd_bus_process(bus, &m);
                if (r < 0)
                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to process bus: %m");

                if (m) {
                        if (!is_monitor) {
                                const char *name;

                                /* wait until we lose our unique name */
                                if (sd_bus_message_is_signal(m, "org.freedesktop.DBus", "NameLost") <= 0)
                                        continue;

                                r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "s", &name);
                                if (r < 0)
                                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);

                                if (streq(name, unique_name))
                                        is_monitor = true;

                                continue;
                        }

                        dump(m, stdout);
                        fflush(stdout);

                        if (arg_limit_messages != UINT64_MAX) {
                                arg_limit_messages--;

                                if (arg_limit_messages == 0) {
                                        if (!arg_quiet && !sd_json_format_enabled(arg_json_format_flags))
                                                log_info("Received requested maximum number of messages, exiting.");
                                        return 0;
                                }
                        }

                        if (sd_bus_message_is_signal(m, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Local", "Disconnected") > 0) {
                                if (!arg_quiet && !sd_json_format_enabled(arg_json_format_flags))
                                        log_info("Connection terminated, exiting.");
                                return 0;
                        }

                        continue;
                }

                if (r > 0)
                        continue;

                r = sd_bus_wait(bus, arg_timeout > 0 ? usec_sub_unsigned(end, now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)) : UINT64_MAX);
                if (r == 0 && arg_timeout > 0 && now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) >= end) {
                        if (!arg_quiet && !sd_json_format_enabled(arg_json_format_flags))
                                log_info("Timed out waiting for messages, exiting.");
                        return 0;
                }
                if (r < 0)
                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to wait for bus: %m");
        }
}

static int verb_monitor(int argc, char **argv, void *userdata) {
        return monitor(argc, argv, sd_json_format_enabled(arg_json_format_flags) ? message_json : message_dump);
}

static int verb_capture(int argc, char **argv, void *userdata) {
        _cleanup_free_ char *osname = NULL;
        static const char info[] =
                "busctl (systemd) " PROJECT_VERSION_FULL " (Git " GIT_VERSION ")";
        int r;

        if (isatty_safe(STDOUT_FILENO))
                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
                                       "Refusing to write message data to console, please redirect output to a file.");

        r = parse_os_release(NULL, "PRETTY_NAME", &osname);
        if (r < 0)
                log_full_errno(r == -ENOENT ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_INFO, r,
                               "Failed to read os-release file, ignoring: %m");
        bus_pcap_header(arg_snaplen, osname, info, stdout);

        r = monitor(argc, argv, message_pcap);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        r = fflush_and_check(stdout);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Couldn't write capture file: %m");

        return r;
}

static int status(int argc, char **argv, void *userdata) {
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_creds_unrefp) sd_bus_creds *creds = NULL;
        pid_t pid;
        int r;

        r = acquire_bus(false, &bus);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        pager_open(arg_pager_flags);

        if (!isempty(argv[1])) {
                r = parse_pid(argv[1], &pid);
                if (r < 0)
                        r = sd_bus_get_name_creds(
                                        bus,
                                        argv[1],
                                        (arg_augment_creds ? SD_BUS_CREDS_AUGMENT : 0) | _SD_BUS_CREDS_ALL,
                                        &creds);
                else
                        r = sd_bus_creds_new_from_pid(
                                        &creds,
                                        pid,
                                        _SD_BUS_CREDS_ALL);
        } else {
                const char *scope, *address;
                sd_id128_t bus_id;

                r = sd_bus_get_address(bus, &address);
                if (r >= 0)
                        printf("BusAddress=%s%s%s\n", ansi_highlight(), address, ansi_normal());

                r = sd_bus_get_scope(bus, &scope);
                if (r >= 0)
                        printf("BusScope=%s%s%s\n", ansi_highlight(), scope, ansi_normal());

                r = sd_bus_get_bus_id(bus, &bus_id);
                if (r >= 0)
                        printf("BusID=%s" SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR "%s\n",
                               ansi_highlight(), SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(bus_id), ansi_normal());

                r = sd_bus_get_owner_creds(
                                bus,
                                (arg_augment_creds ? SD_BUS_CREDS_AUGMENT : 0) | _SD_BUS_CREDS_ALL,
                                &creds);
        }

        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get credentials: %m");

        bus_creds_dump(creds, NULL, false);
        return 0;
}

static int message_append_cmdline(sd_bus_message *m, const char *signature, FDSet **passed_fdset, char ***x) {
        char **p;
        int r;

        assert(m);
        assert(signature);
        assert(passed_fdset);
        assert(x);

        p = *x;

        for (;;) {
                const char *v;
                char t;

                t = *signature;
                v = *p;

                if (t == 0)
                        break;
                if (!v)
                        return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
                                               "Too few parameters for signature.");

                signature++;
                p++;

                switch (t) {

                case SD_BUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN:

                        r = parse_boolean(v);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse '%s' as boolean: %m", v);

                        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, t, &r);
                        break;

                case SD_BUS_TYPE_BYTE: {
                        uint8_t z;

                        r = safe_atou8(v, &z);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse '%s' as byte (unsigned 8-bit integer): %m", v);

                        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, t, &z);
                        break;
                }

                case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT16: {
                        int16_t z;

                        r = safe_atoi16(v, &z);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse '%s' as signed 16-bit integer: %m", v);

                        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, t, &z);
                        break;
                }

                case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT16: {
                        uint16_t z;

                        r = safe_atou16(v, &z);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse '%s' as unsigned 16-bit integer: %m", v);

                        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, t, &z);
                        break;
                }

                case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT32: {
                        int32_t z;

                        r = safe_atoi32(v, &z);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse '%s' as signed 32-bit integer: %m", v);

                        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, t, &z);
                        break;
                }

                case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT32: {
                        uint32_t z;

                        r = safe_atou32(v, &z);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse '%s' as unsigned 32-bit integer: %m", v);

                        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, t, &z);
                        break;
                }

                case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT64: {
                        int64_t z;

                        r = safe_atoi64(v, &z);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse '%s' as signed 64-bit integer: %m", v);

                        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, t, &z);
                        break;
                }

                case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT64: {
                        uint64_t z;

                        r = safe_atou64(v, &z);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse '%s' as unsigned 64-bit integer: %m", v);

                        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, t, &z);
                        break;
                }

                case SD_BUS_TYPE_DOUBLE: {
                        double z;

                        r = safe_atod(v, &z);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse '%s' as double precision floating point: %m", v);

                        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, t, &z);
                        break;
                }

                case SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING:
                case SD_BUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH:
                case SD_BUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE:

                        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, t, v);
                        break;

                case SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY: {
                        uint32_t n;
                        size_t k;

                        r = safe_atou32(v, &n);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse '%s' number of array entries: %m", v);

                        r = signature_element_length(signature, &k);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return log_error_errno(r, "Invalid array signature: %m");

                        {
                                char s[k + 1];
                                memcpy(s, signature, k);
                                s[k] = 0;

                                r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, s);
                                if (r < 0)
                                        return bus_log_create_error(r);

                                for (unsigned i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                                        r = message_append_cmdline(m, s, passed_fdset, &p);
                                        if (r < 0)
                                                return r;
                                }
                        }

                        signature += k;

                        r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
                        break;
                }

                case SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT:
                        r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT, v);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return bus_log_create_error(r);

                        r = message_append_cmdline(m, v, passed_fdset, &p);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return r;

                        r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
                        break;

                case SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_BEGIN:
                case SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY_BEGIN: {
                        size_t k;

                        signature--;
                        p--;

                        r = signature_element_length(signature, &k);
                        if (r < 0 || k < 2) {
                                if (r >= 0 && k < 2)
                                        r = -ERANGE;
                                return log_error_errno(r, "Invalid struct/dict entry signature: %m");
                        }

                        {
                                char s[k-1];
                                memcpy(s, signature + 1, k - 2);
                                s[k - 2] = 0;

                                const char ctype = t == SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_BEGIN ?
                                        SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT : SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY;
                                r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, ctype, s);
                                if (r < 0)
                                        return bus_log_create_error(r);

                                r = message_append_cmdline(m, s, passed_fdset, &p);
                                if (r < 0)
                                        return r;
                        }

                        signature += k;

                        r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
                        break;
                }

                case SD_BUS_TYPE_UNIX_FD: {
                        int fd;

                        fd = parse_fd(v);
                        if (fd < 0)
                                return log_error_errno(fd, "Failed to parse '%s' as a file descriptor: %m", v);

                        if (!*passed_fdset) {
                                r = fdset_new_fill(/* filter_cloexec= */ 0, passed_fdset);
                                if (r < 0)
                                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create fd set: %m");
                        }

                        if (!fdset_contains(*passed_fdset, fd))
                                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EBADF), "Failed to find file descriptor '%s' among passed file descriptors.", v);

                        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, t, &fd);
                        break;
                }

                default:
                        return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
                                               "Unknown signature type %c.", t);
                }

                if (r < 0)
                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
        }

        *x = p;
        return 0;
}

static int bus_message_dump(sd_bus_message *m, uint64_t flags) {
        const char *contents;
        int r;

        assert(m);

        r = sd_bus_message_rewind(m, !FLAGS_SET(flags, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_DUMP_SUBTREE_ONLY));
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to rewind: %m");

        if (FLAGS_SET(flags, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_DUMP_SUBTREE_ONLY)) {
                r = sd_bus_message_peek_type(m, /* ret_type= */ NULL, &contents);
                if (r < 0)
                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);

                r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, 'v', contents);
                if (r < 0)
                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
        } else {
                r = sd_bus_message_is_empty(m);
                if (r < 0)
                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
                if (r > 0 || arg_quiet)
                        return 0;
        }

        if (sd_json_format_enabled(arg_json_format_flags)) {
                _cleanup_(sd_json_variant_unrefp) sd_json_variant *v = NULL;

                if (arg_json_format_flags & (SD_JSON_FORMAT_PRETTY|SD_JSON_FORMAT_PRETTY_AUTO))
                        pager_open(arg_pager_flags);

                r = sd_bus_message_dump_json(m, flags, &v);
                if (r < 0)
                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to dump DBus message to JSON object: %m");

                r = sd_json_variant_dump(v, arg_json_format_flags, NULL, NULL);
                if (r < 0)
                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to dump JSON object: %m");

        } else if (arg_verbose) {
                pager_open(arg_pager_flags);

                r = sd_bus_message_dump(m, NULL, flags);
                if (r < 0)
                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to dump DBus message: %m");
        } else {

                fputs(FLAGS_SET(flags, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_DUMP_SUBTREE_ONLY) ? contents : sd_bus_message_get_signature(m, true), stdout);
                fputc(' ', stdout);

                r = format_cmdline(m, stdout, /* needs_space= */ false);
                if (r < 0)
                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);

                fputc('\n', stdout);
        }

        if (FLAGS_SET(flags, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_DUMP_SUBTREE_ONLY)) {
                r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
                if (r < 0)
                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
        }

        return 0;
}

static int call(int argc, char **argv, void *userdata) {
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
        _cleanup_fdset_free_ FDSet *passed_fdset = NULL;
        int r;

        r = acquire_bus(false, &bus);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        if (!service_name_is_valid(argv[1]))
                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "Invalid service name: %s", argv[1]);
        if (!object_path_is_valid(argv[2]))
                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "Invalid object path: %s", argv[2]);
        if (!interface_name_is_valid(argv[3]))
                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "Invalid interface name: %s", argv[3]);
        if (!member_name_is_valid(argv[4]))
                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "Invalid member name: %s", argv[4]);

        r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(bus, &m, argv[1], argv[2], argv[3], argv[4]);
        if (r < 0)
                return bus_log_create_error(r);

        r = sd_bus_message_set_expect_reply(m, arg_expect_reply);
        if (r < 0)
                return bus_log_create_error(r);

        r = sd_bus_message_set_auto_start(m, arg_auto_start);
        if (r < 0)
                return bus_log_create_error(r);

        r = sd_bus_message_set_allow_interactive_authorization(m, arg_allow_interactive_authorization);
        if (r < 0)
                return bus_log_create_error(r);

        if (!isempty(argv[5])) {
                char **p;

                p = argv+6;

                r = message_append_cmdline(m, argv[5], &passed_fdset, &p);
                if (r < 0)
                        return r;

                if (*p)
                        return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
                                               "Too many parameters for signature.");
        }

        if (!arg_expect_reply) {
                r = sd_bus_send(bus, m, NULL);
                if (r < 0)
                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to send message: %m");

                return 0;
        }

        r = sd_bus_call(bus, m, arg_timeout, &error, &reply);
        if (r < 0) {
                notify_bus_error(&error);
                return log_error_errno(r, "Call failed: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
        }

        return bus_message_dump(reply, /* flags= */ 0);
}

static int emit_signal(int argc, char **argv, void *userdata) {
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *m = NULL;
        _cleanup_fdset_free_ FDSet *passed_fdset = NULL;
        int r;

        r = acquire_bus(false, &bus);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        r = sd_bus_message_new_signal(bus, &m, argv[1], argv[2], argv[3]);
        if (r < 0)
                return bus_log_create_error(r);

        if (arg_destination) {
                r = sd_bus_message_set_destination(m, arg_destination);
                if (r < 0)
                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
        }

        r = sd_bus_message_set_auto_start(m, arg_auto_start);
        if (r < 0)
                return bus_log_create_error(r);

        if (!isempty(argv[4])) {
                char **p;

                p = argv+5;

                r = message_append_cmdline(m, argv[4], &passed_fdset, &p);
                if (r < 0)
                        return r;

                if (*p)
                        return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
                                               "Too many parameters for signature.");
        }

        r = sd_bus_send(bus, m, NULL);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to send signal: %m");

        return 0;
}

static int get_property(int argc, char **argv, void *userdata) {
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
        int r;

        if (!service_name_is_valid(argv[1]))
                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "Invalid service name: %s", argv[1]);
        if (!object_path_is_valid(argv[2]))
                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "Invalid object path: %s", argv[2]);
        if (!interface_name_is_valid(argv[3]))
                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "Invalid interface name: %s", argv[3]);

        r = acquire_bus(false, &bus);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        STRV_FOREACH(i, argv + 4) {
                _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;

                r = sd_bus_call_method(bus, argv[1], argv[2],
                                       "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties", "Get",
                                       &error, &reply, "ss", argv[3], *i);
                if (r < 0) {
                        notify_bus_error(&error);
                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get property %s on interface %s: %s",
                                               *i, argv[3],
                                               bus_error_message(&error, r));
                }

                r = bus_message_dump(reply, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_DUMP_SUBTREE_ONLY);
                if (r < 0)
                        return r;
        }

        return 0;
}

static int on_bus_signal(sd_bus_message *msg, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *ret_error) {
        return sd_event_exit(sd_bus_get_event(sd_bus_message_get_bus(ASSERT_PTR(msg))),
                             bus_message_dump(msg, /* flags= */ 0));
}

static int wait_signal(int argc, char **argv, void *userdata) {
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
        _cleanup_(sd_event_unrefp) sd_event *e = NULL;
        _cleanup_(sd_event_source_unrefp) sd_event_source *timer = NULL;
        int argn = 1, r;

        const char *sender = argc == 5 ? argv[argn++] : NULL;
        const char *path = argv[argn++];
        const char *interface = argv[argn++];
        const char *member = argv[argn++];

        if (sender && !service_name_is_valid(sender))
                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "Invalid service name: %s", sender);
        if (!object_path_is_valid(path))
                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "Invalid object path: %s", path);
        if (!interface_name_is_valid(interface))
                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "Invalid interface name: %s", interface);
        if (!member_name_is_valid(member))
                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "Invalid member name: %s", member);

        r = acquire_bus(/* set_monitor= */ false, &bus);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        r = sd_bus_match_signal(bus, NULL, sender, path, interface, member, on_bus_signal, NULL);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to match signal %s on interface %s: %m", member, interface);

        r = sd_event_new(&e);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to allocate event loop: %m\n");

        r = sd_bus_attach_event(bus, e, SD_EVENT_PRIORITY_NORMAL);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to attach bus event: %m\n");

        if (arg_timeout) {
                r = sd_event_add_time_relative(e, &timer, CLOCK_MONOTONIC, arg_timeout, 0, NULL, NULL);
                if (r < 0)
                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to schedule timeout: %m\n");
        }

        /* The match is installed and we're ready to observe the signal */
        sd_notify(/* unset_environment= */ false, "READY=1");

        return sd_event_loop(e);
}

static int set_property(int argc, char **argv, void *userdata) {
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *m = NULL;
        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
        _cleanup_fdset_free_ FDSet *passed_fdset = NULL;
        char **p;
        int r;

        if (!service_name_is_valid(argv[1]))
                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "Invalid service name: %s", argv[1]);
        if (!object_path_is_valid(argv[2]))
                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "Invalid object path: %s", argv[2]);
        if (!interface_name_is_valid(argv[3]))
                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "Invalid interface name: %s", argv[3]);

        r = acquire_bus(false, &bus);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(bus, &m, argv[1], argv[2],
                                           "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties", "Set");
        if (r < 0)
                return bus_log_create_error(r);

        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "ss", argv[3], argv[4]);
        if (r < 0)
                return bus_log_create_error(r);

        r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, 'v', argv[5]);
        if (r < 0)
                return bus_log_create_error(r);

        p = argv + 6;
        r = message_append_cmdline(m, argv[5], &passed_fdset, &p);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
        if (r < 0)
                return bus_log_create_error(r);

        if (*p)
                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "Too many parameters for signature.");

        r = sd_bus_call(bus, m, arg_timeout, &error, NULL);
        if (r < 0) {
                notify_bus_error(&error);
                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to set property %s on interface %s: %s",
                                       argv[4], argv[3],
                                       bus_error_message(&error, r));
        }

        return 0;
}

static int help(void) {
        _cleanup_free_ char *link = NULL;
        int r;

        r = terminal_urlify_man("busctl", "1", &link);
        if (r < 0)
                return log_oom();

        pager_open(arg_pager_flags);

        printf("%1$s [OPTIONS...] COMMAND ...\n\n"
               "%5$sIntrospect the D-Bus IPC bus.%6$s\n"
               "\n%3$sCommands%4$s:\n"
               "  list                     List bus names\n"
               "  status [SERVICE]         Show bus service, process or bus owner credentials\n"
               "  monitor [SERVICE...]     Show bus traffic\n"
               "  capture [SERVICE...]     Capture bus traffic as pcap\n"
               "  tree [SERVICE...]        Show object tree of service\n"
               "  introspect SERVICE OBJECT [INTERFACE]\n"
               "  call SERVICE OBJECT INTERFACE METHOD [SIGNATURE [ARGUMENT...]]\n"
               "                           Call a method\n"
               "  emit OBJECT INTERFACE SIGNAL [SIGNATURE [ARGUMENT...]]\n"
               "                           Emit a signal\n"
               "  wait OBJECT INTERFACE SIGNAL\n"
               "                           Wait for a signal\n"
               "  get-property SERVICE OBJECT INTERFACE PROPERTY...\n"
               "                           Get property value\n"
               "  set-property SERVICE OBJECT INTERFACE PROPERTY SIGNATURE ARGUMENT...\n"
               "                           Set property value\n"
               "  help                     Show this help\n"
               "\n%3$sOptions:%4$s\n"
               "  -h --help                Show this help\n"
               "     --version             Show package version\n"
               "     --no-pager            Do not pipe output into a pager\n"
               "     --no-legend           Do not show the headers and footers\n"
               "  -l --full                Do not ellipsize output\n"
               "     --system              Connect to system bus\n"
               "     --user                Connect to user bus\n"
               "  -H --host=[USER@]HOST    Operate on remote host\n"
               "  -M --machine=CONTAINER   Operate on local container\n"
               "     --address=ADDRESS     Connect to bus specified by address\n"
               "     --show-machine        Show machine ID column in list\n"
               "     --unique              Only show unique names\n"
               "     --acquired            Only show acquired names\n"
               "     --activatable         Only show activatable names\n"
               "     --match=MATCH         Only show matching messages\n"
               "     --size=SIZE           Maximum length of captured packet\n"
               "     --list                Don't show tree, but simple object path list\n"
               "  -q --quiet               Don't show method call reply\n"
               "     --verbose             Show result values in long format\n"
               "     --json=MODE           Output as JSON\n"
               "  -j                       Same as --json=pretty on tty, --json=short otherwise\n"
               "     --xml-interface       Dump the XML description in introspect command\n"
               "     --expect-reply=BOOL   Expect a method call reply\n"
               "     --auto-start=BOOL     Auto-start destination service\n"
               "     --allow-interactive-authorization=BOOL\n"
               "                           Allow interactive authorization for operation\n"
               "     --timeout=SECS        Maximum time to wait for method call completion\n"
               "     --augment-creds=BOOL  Extend credential data with data read from /proc/$PID\n"
               "     --watch-bind=BOOL     Wait for bus AF_UNIX socket to be bound in the file\n"
               "                           system\n"
               "     --destination=SERVICE Destination service of a signal\n"
               "  -N --limit-messages=NUMBER\n"
               "                           Stop monitoring after receiving the specified number\n"
               "                           of messages\n"
               "\nSee the %2$s for details.\n",
               program_invocation_short_name,
               link,
               ansi_underline(),
               ansi_normal(),
               ansi_highlight(),
               ansi_normal());

        return 0;
}

static int verb_help(int argc, char **argv, void *userdata) {
        return help();
}

static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {

        enum {
                ARG_VERSION = 0x100,
                ARG_NO_PAGER,
                ARG_NO_LEGEND,
                ARG_SYSTEM,
                ARG_USER,
                ARG_ADDRESS,
                ARG_MATCH,
                ARG_SHOW_MACHINE,
                ARG_UNIQUE,
                ARG_ACQUIRED,
                ARG_ACTIVATABLE,
                ARG_SIZE,
                ARG_LIST,
                ARG_VERBOSE,
                ARG_XML_INTERFACE,
                ARG_EXPECT_REPLY,
                ARG_AUTO_START,
                ARG_ALLOW_INTERACTIVE_AUTHORIZATION,
                ARG_TIMEOUT,
                ARG_AUGMENT_CREDS,
                ARG_WATCH_BIND,
                ARG_JSON,
                ARG_DESTINATION,
        };

        static const struct option options[] = {
                { "help",                            no_argument,       NULL, 'h'                                 },
                { "version",                         no_argument,       NULL, ARG_VERSION                         },
                { "no-pager",                        no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_PAGER                        },
                { "no-legend",                       no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_LEGEND                       },
                { "full",                            no_argument,       NULL, 'l'                                 },
                { "system",                          no_argument,       NULL, ARG_SYSTEM                          },
                { "user",                            no_argument,       NULL, ARG_USER                            },
                { "address",                         required_argument, NULL, ARG_ADDRESS                         },
                { "show-machine",                    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_SHOW_MACHINE                    },
                { "unique",                          no_argument,       NULL, ARG_UNIQUE                          },
                { "acquired",                        no_argument,       NULL, ARG_ACQUIRED                        },
                { "activatable",                     no_argument,       NULL, ARG_ACTIVATABLE                     },
                { "match",                           required_argument, NULL, ARG_MATCH                           },
                { "host",                            required_argument, NULL, 'H'                                 },
                { "machine",                         required_argument, NULL, 'M'                                 },
                { "capsule",                         required_argument, NULL, 'C'                                 },
                { "size",                            required_argument, NULL, ARG_SIZE                            },
                { "list",                            no_argument,       NULL, ARG_LIST                            },
                { "quiet",                           no_argument,       NULL, 'q'                                 },
                { "verbose",                         no_argument,       NULL, ARG_VERBOSE                         },
                { "xml-interface",                   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_XML_INTERFACE                   },
                { "expect-reply",                    required_argument, NULL, ARG_EXPECT_REPLY                    },
                { "auto-start",                      required_argument, NULL, ARG_AUTO_START                      },
                { "allow-interactive-authorization", required_argument, NULL, ARG_ALLOW_INTERACTIVE_AUTHORIZATION },
                { "timeout",                         required_argument, NULL, ARG_TIMEOUT                         },
                { "augment-creds",                   required_argument, NULL, ARG_AUGMENT_CREDS                   },
                { "watch-bind",                      required_argument, NULL, ARG_WATCH_BIND                      },
                { "json",                            required_argument, NULL, ARG_JSON                            },
                { "destination",                     required_argument, NULL, ARG_DESTINATION                     },
                { "limit-messages",                  required_argument, NULL, 'N'                                 },
                {},
        };

        int c, r;

        assert(argc >= 0);
        assert(argv);

        while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hH:M:C:J:qjlN:", options, NULL)) >= 0)

                switch (c) {

                case 'h':
                        return help();

                case ARG_VERSION:
                        return version();

                case ARG_NO_PAGER:
                        arg_pager_flags |= PAGER_DISABLE;
                        break;

                case ARG_NO_LEGEND:
                        arg_legend = false;
                        break;

                case 'l':
                        arg_full = true;
                        break;

                case ARG_USER:
                        arg_runtime_scope = RUNTIME_SCOPE_USER;
                        break;

                case ARG_SYSTEM:
                        arg_runtime_scope = RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM;
                        break;

                case ARG_ADDRESS:
                        arg_address = optarg;
                        break;

                case ARG_SHOW_MACHINE:
                        arg_show_machine = true;
                        break;

                case ARG_UNIQUE:
                        arg_unique = true;
                        break;

                case ARG_ACQUIRED:
                        arg_acquired = true;
                        break;

                case ARG_ACTIVATABLE:
                        arg_activatable = true;
                        break;

                case ARG_MATCH:
                        if (strv_extend(&arg_matches, optarg) < 0)
                                return log_oom();
                        break;

                case ARG_SIZE: {
                        uint64_t sz;

                        r = parse_size(optarg, 1024, &sz);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse size '%s': %m", optarg);

                        if ((uint64_t) (size_t) sz !=  sz)
                                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(E2BIG),
                                                       "Size out of range.");

                        arg_snaplen = (size_t) sz;
                        break;
                }

                case ARG_LIST:
                        arg_list = true;
                        break;

                case 'H':
                        arg_transport = BUS_TRANSPORT_REMOTE;
                        arg_host = optarg;
                        break;

                case 'M':
                        r = parse_machine_argument(optarg, &arg_host, &arg_transport);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return r;
                        break;

                case 'C':
                        r = capsule_name_is_valid(optarg);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return log_error_errno(r, "Unable to validate capsule name '%s': %m", optarg);
                        if (r == 0)
                                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "Invalid capsule name: %s", optarg);

                        arg_host = optarg;
                        arg_transport = BUS_TRANSPORT_CAPSULE;
                        break;

                case 'q':
                        arg_quiet = true;
                        break;

                case ARG_VERBOSE:
                        arg_verbose = true;
                        break;

                case ARG_XML_INTERFACE:
                        arg_xml_interface = true;
                        break;

                case ARG_EXPECT_REPLY:
                        r = parse_boolean_argument("--expect-reply=", optarg, &arg_expect_reply);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return r;
                        break;

                case ARG_AUTO_START:
                        r = parse_boolean_argument("--auto-start=", optarg, &arg_auto_start);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return r;
                        break;

                case ARG_ALLOW_INTERACTIVE_AUTHORIZATION:
                        r = parse_boolean_argument("--allow-interactive-authorization=", optarg,
                                                   &arg_allow_interactive_authorization);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return r;
                        break;

                case ARG_TIMEOUT:
                        if (isempty(optarg)) {
                                arg_timeout = 0; /* Reset to default */
                                break;
                        }

                        r = parse_sec(optarg, &arg_timeout);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse --timeout= parameter '%s': %m", optarg);

                        break;

                case ARG_AUGMENT_CREDS:
                        r = parse_boolean_argument("--augment-creds=", optarg, &arg_augment_creds);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return r;
                        break;

                case ARG_WATCH_BIND:
                        r = parse_boolean_argument("--watch-bind=", optarg, &arg_watch_bind);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return r;
                        break;

                case 'j':
                        arg_json_format_flags = SD_JSON_FORMAT_PRETTY_AUTO|SD_JSON_FORMAT_COLOR_AUTO;
                        break;

                case ARG_JSON:
                        r = parse_json_argument(optarg, &arg_json_format_flags);
                        if (r <= 0)
                                return r;

                        break;

                case ARG_DESTINATION:
                        arg_destination = optarg;
                        break;

                case 'N':
                        if (isempty(optarg)) {
                                arg_limit_messages = UINT64_MAX; /* Reset to default */
                                break;
                        }

                        r = safe_atou64(optarg, &arg_limit_messages);
                        if (r < 0)
                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse --limit-messages= parameter: %s", optarg);
                        if (arg_limit_messages == 0)
                                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "--limit-messages= parameter cannot be 0");

                        break;

                case '?':
                        return -EINVAL;

                default:
                        assert_not_reached();
                }

        if (arg_full < 0)
                arg_full = terminal_is_dumb();

        return 1;
}

static int busctl_main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
        static const Verb verbs[] = {
                { "list",         VERB_ANY, 1,        VERB_DEFAULT, list_bus_names },
                { "status",       VERB_ANY, 2,        0,            status         },
                { "monitor",      VERB_ANY, VERB_ANY, 0,            verb_monitor   },
                { "capture",      VERB_ANY, VERB_ANY, 0,            verb_capture   },
                { "tree",         VERB_ANY, VERB_ANY, 0,            tree           },
                { "introspect",   3,        4,        0,            introspect     },
                { "call",         5,        VERB_ANY, 0,            call           },
                { "emit",         4,        VERB_ANY, 0,            emit_signal    },
                { "wait",         4,        5,        0,            wait_signal    },
                { "get-property", 5,        VERB_ANY, 0,            get_property   },
                { "set-property", 6,        VERB_ANY, 0,            set_property   },
                { "help",         VERB_ANY, VERB_ANY, 0,            verb_help      },
                {}
        };

        return dispatch_verb(argc, argv, verbs, NULL);
}

static int run(int argc, char *argv[]) {
        int r;

        log_setup();

        r = parse_argv(argc, argv);
        if (r <= 0)
                return r;

        return busctl_main(argc, argv);
}

DEFINE_MAIN_FUNCTION(run);

systemd / systemd / 20447389715

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