17144436094

Committed 21 Aug 2025 11:28PM UTC coverage: 86.843% (-0.03%) from 86.876%

Build # 17144436094

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push

github

Committed by

web-flow

Commit Message

APIGW: internalize DeleteIntegrationResponse (#13046)

Coverage Stats

40 of 45 new or added lines in 1 file covered. (88.89%)

235 existing lines in 11 files now uncovered.

67068 of 77229 relevant lines covered (86.84%)

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89.85

/localstack-core/localstack/services/cloudformation/v2/provider.py

import copy
import json
import logging
import re
from collections import defaultdict
from datetime import UTC, datetime

from localstack import config
from localstack.aws.api import RequestContext, handler
from localstack.aws.api.cloudformation import (
    AlreadyExistsException,
    CallAs,
    Changes,
    ChangeSetNameOrId,
    ChangeSetNotFoundException,
    ChangeSetStatus,
    ChangeSetType,
    ClientRequestToken,
    CreateChangeSetInput,
    CreateChangeSetOutput,
    CreateStackInput,
    CreateStackInstancesInput,
    CreateStackInstancesOutput,
    CreateStackOutput,
    CreateStackSetInput,
    CreateStackSetOutput,
    DeleteChangeSetOutput,
    DeleteStackInstancesInput,
    DeleteStackInstancesOutput,
    DeleteStackSetOutput,
    DeletionMode,
    DescribeChangeSetOutput,
    DescribeStackEventsOutput,
    DescribeStackResourceOutput,
    DescribeStackResourcesOutput,
    DescribeStackSetOperationOutput,
    DescribeStacksOutput,
    DisableRollback,
    EnableTerminationProtection,
    ExecuteChangeSetOutput,
    ExecutionStatus,
    GetTemplateOutput,
    GetTemplateSummaryInput,
    GetTemplateSummaryOutput,
    IncludePropertyValues,
    InsufficientCapabilitiesException,
    InvalidChangeSetStatusException,
    ListExportsOutput,
    ListStackResourcesOutput,
    ListStacksOutput,
    LogicalResourceId,
    NextToken,
    Parameter,
    PhysicalResourceId,
    ResourceStatus,
    RetainExceptOnCreate,
    RetainResources,
    RoleARN,
    RollbackConfiguration,
    StackDriftInformation,
    StackDriftStatus,
    StackName,
    StackNameOrId,
    StackResourceDetail,
    StackResourceSummary,
    StackSetName,
    StackSetNotFoundException,
    StackSetOperation,
    StackSetOperationAction,
    StackSetOperationStatus,
    StackStatus,
    StackStatusFilter,
    TemplateStage,
    UpdateStackInput,
    UpdateStackOutput,
    UpdateTerminationProtectionOutput,
)
from localstack.aws.api.cloudformation import (
    Stack as ApiStack,
)
from localstack.aws.connect import connect_to
from localstack.services.cloudformation import api_utils
from localstack.services.cloudformation.engine import template_preparer
from localstack.services.cloudformation.engine.parameters import resolve_ssm_parameter
from localstack.services.cloudformation.engine.transformers import FailedTransformationException
from localstack.services.cloudformation.engine.v2.change_set_model import (
    ChangeSetModel,
    ChangeType,
    UpdateModel,
)
from localstack.services.cloudformation.engine.v2.change_set_model_describer import (
    ChangeSetModelDescriber,
)
from localstack.services.cloudformation.engine.v2.change_set_model_executor import (
    ChangeSetModelExecutor,
)
from localstack.services.cloudformation.engine.v2.change_set_model_transform import (
    ChangeSetModelTransform,
)
from localstack.services.cloudformation.engine.v2.change_set_model_validator import (
    ChangeSetModelValidator,
)
from localstack.services.cloudformation.engine.validations import ValidationError
from localstack.services.cloudformation.provider import (
    ARN_CHANGESET_REGEX,
    ARN_STACK_REGEX,
    ARN_STACK_SET_REGEX,
    CloudformationProvider,
)
from localstack.services.cloudformation.stores import (
    CloudFormationStore,
    get_cloudformation_store,
)
from localstack.services.cloudformation.v2.entities import (
    ChangeSet,
    Stack,
    StackInstance,
    StackSet,
)
from localstack.services.cloudformation.v2.types import EngineParameter
from localstack.utils.collections import select_attributes
from localstack.utils.strings import short_uid
from localstack.utils.threads import start_worker_thread

LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)

SSM_PARAMETER_TYPE_RE = re.compile(
    r"^AWS::SSM::Parameter::Value<(?P<listtype>List<)?(?P<innertype>[^>]+)>?>$"
)


def is_stack_arn(stack_name_or_id: str) -> bool:
    return ARN_STACK_REGEX.match(stack_name_or_id) is not None


def is_changeset_arn(change_set_name_or_id: str) -> bool:
    return ARN_CHANGESET_REGEX.match(change_set_name_or_id) is not None


def is_stack_set_arn(stack_set_name_or_id: str) -> bool:
    return ARN_STACK_SET_REGEX.match(stack_set_name_or_id) is not None


class StackNotFoundError(ValidationError):
    def __init__(self, stack_name_or_id: str, message_override: str | None = None):
        if message_override:
            super().__init__(message_override)
        else:
            if is_stack_arn(stack_name_or_id):
                super().__init__(f"Stack with id {stack_name_or_id} does not exist")
            else:
                super().__init__(f"Stack [{stack_name_or_id}] does not exist")


class StackSetNotFoundError(StackSetNotFoundException):
    def __init__(self, stack_set_name: str):
        super().__init__(f"StackSet {stack_set_name} not found")


def find_stack_v2(state: CloudFormationStore, stack_name: str | None) -> Stack | None:
    if stack_name:
        if is_stack_arn(stack_name):
            return state.stacks_v2[stack_name]
        else:
            stack_candidates = []
            for stack in state.stacks_v2.values():
                if stack.stack_name == stack_name and stack.status != StackStatus.DELETE_COMPLETE:
                    stack_candidates.append(stack)
            if len(stack_candidates) == 0:
                return None
            elif len(stack_candidates) > 1:
                raise RuntimeError("Programing error, duplicate stacks found")
            else:
                return stack_candidates[0]
    else:
        raise ValueError("No stack name specified when finding stack")


def find_change_set_v2(
    state: CloudFormationStore, change_set_name: str, stack_name: str | None = None
) -> ChangeSet | None:
    if is_changeset_arn(change_set_name):
        return state.change_sets.get(change_set_name)
    else:
        if stack_name is not None:
            stack = find_stack_v2(state, stack_name)
            if not stack:
                raise StackNotFoundError(stack_name)

            for change_set_id in stack.change_set_ids:
                change_set_candidate = state.change_sets[change_set_id]
                if change_set_candidate.change_set_name == change_set_name:
                    return change_set_candidate
        else:
            raise ValidationError(
                "StackName must be specified if ChangeSetName is not specified as an ARN."
            )


def find_stack_set_v2(state: CloudFormationStore, stack_set_name: str) -> StackSet | None:
    if is_stack_set_arn(stack_set_name):
        return state.stack_sets.get(stack_set_name)

    for stack_set in state.stack_sets_v2.values():
        if stack_set.stack_set_name == stack_set_name:
            return stack_set

    return None


def find_stack_instance(stack_set: StackSet, account: str, region: str) -> StackInstance | None:
    for instance in stack_set.stack_instances:
        if instance.account_id == account and instance.region_name == region:
            return instance
    return None


class CloudformationProviderV2(CloudformationProvider):
    @staticmethod
    def _resolve_parameters(
        template: dict | None, parameters: dict | None, account_id: str, region_name: str
    ) -> dict[str, EngineParameter]:
        template_parameters = template.get("Parameters", {})
        resolved_parameters = {}
        invalid_parameters = []
        for name, parameter in template_parameters.items():
            given_value = parameters.get(name)
            default_value = parameter.get("Default")
            resolved_parameter = EngineParameter(
                type_=parameter["Type"],
                given_value=given_value,
                default_value=default_value,
                no_echo=parameter.get("NoEcho"),
            )

            # TODO: support other parameter types
            if match := SSM_PARAMETER_TYPE_RE.match(parameter["Type"]):
                inner_type = match.group("innertype")
                is_list_type = match.group("listtype") is not None
                if is_list_type or inner_type == "CommaDelimitedList":
                    # list types
                    try:
                        resolved_value = resolve_ssm_parameter(
                            account_id, region_name, given_value or default_value
                        )
                        resolved_parameter["resolved_value"] = resolved_value.split(",")
                    except Exception:
                        raise ValidationError(
                            f"Parameter {name} should either have input value or default value"
                        )
                else:
                    try:
                        resolved_parameter["resolved_value"] = resolve_ssm_parameter(
                            account_id, region_name, given_value or default_value
                        )
                    except Exception:
                        raise ValidationError(
                            f"Parameter {name} should either have input value or default value"
                        )
            elif given_value is None and default_value is None:
                invalid_parameters.append(name)
                continue

            resolved_parameters[name] = resolved_parameter

        if invalid_parameters:
            raise ValidationError(f"Parameters: [{','.join(invalid_parameters)}] must have values")

        for name, parameter in resolved_parameters.items():
            if (
                parameter.get("resolved_value") is None
                and parameter.get("given_value") is None
                and parameter.get("default_value") is None
            ):
                raise ValidationError(
                    f"Parameter {name} should either have input value or default value"
                )

        return resolved_parameters

    @classmethod
    def _setup_change_set_model(
        cls,
        change_set: ChangeSet,
        before_template: dict | None,
        after_template: dict | None,
        before_parameters: dict | None,
        after_parameters: dict | None,
        previous_update_model: UpdateModel | None,
    ):
        resolved_parameters = None
        if after_parameters is not None:
            resolved_parameters = cls._resolve_parameters(
                after_template,
                after_parameters,
                change_set.stack.account_id,
                change_set.stack.region_name,
            )

        change_set.resolved_parameters = resolved_parameters

        # Create and preprocess the update graph for this template update.
        change_set_model = ChangeSetModel(
            before_template=before_template,
            after_template=after_template,
            before_parameters=before_parameters,
            after_parameters=resolved_parameters,
        )
        raw_update_model: UpdateModel = change_set_model.get_update_model()
        # If there exists an update model which operated in the 'before' version of this change set,
        # port the runtime values computed for the before version into this latest update model.
        if previous_update_model:
            raw_update_model.before_runtime_cache.clear()
            raw_update_model.before_runtime_cache.update(previous_update_model.after_runtime_cache)
        change_set.set_update_model(raw_update_model)

        # Apply global transforms.
        # TODO: skip this process iff both versions of the template don't specify transform blocks.
        change_set_model_transform = ChangeSetModelTransform(
            change_set=change_set,
            before_parameters=before_parameters,
            after_parameters=resolved_parameters,
            before_template=before_template,
            after_template=after_template,
        )
        try:
            transformed_before_template, transformed_after_template = (
                change_set_model_transform.transform()
            )
        except FailedTransformationException as e:
            change_set.status = ChangeSetStatus.FAILED
            change_set.status_reason = e.message
            change_set.stack.set_stack_status(
                status=StackStatus.ROLLBACK_IN_PROGRESS, reason=e.message
            )
            change_set.stack.set_stack_status(status=StackStatus.CREATE_FAILED)
            return

        # Remodel the update graph after the applying the global transforms.
        change_set_model = ChangeSetModel(
            before_template=transformed_before_template,
            after_template=transformed_after_template,
            before_parameters=before_parameters,
            after_parameters=resolved_parameters,
        )
        update_model = change_set_model.get_update_model()
        # Bring the cache for the previous operations forward in the update graph for this version
        # of the templates. This enables downstream update graph visitors to access runtime
        # information computed whilst evaluating the previous version of this template, and during
        # the transformations.
        update_model.before_runtime_cache.update(raw_update_model.before_runtime_cache)
        update_model.after_runtime_cache.update(raw_update_model.after_runtime_cache)
        change_set.set_update_model(update_model)

        # perform validations
        validator = ChangeSetModelValidator(
            change_set=change_set,
        )
        validator.validate()

        # hacky
        if transform := raw_update_model.node_template.transform:
            if transform.global_transforms:
                # global transforms should always be considered "MODIFIED"
                update_model.node_template.change_type = ChangeType.MODIFIED
        change_set.processed_template = transformed_after_template

    @handler("CreateChangeSet", expand=False)
    def create_change_set(
        self, context: RequestContext, request: CreateChangeSetInput
    ) -> CreateChangeSetOutput:
        try:
            stack_name = request["StackName"]
        except KeyError:
            # TODO: proper exception
            raise ValidationError("StackName must be specified")
        try:
            change_set_name = request["ChangeSetName"]
        except KeyError:
            # TODO: proper exception
            raise ValidationError("StackName must be specified")

        state = get_cloudformation_store(context.account_id, context.region)

        change_set_type = request.get("ChangeSetType", "UPDATE")
        template_body = request.get("TemplateBody")
        # s3 or secretsmanager url
        template_url = request.get("TemplateURL")

        # validate and resolve template
        if template_body and template_url:
            raise ValidationError(
                "Specify exactly one of 'TemplateBody' or 'TemplateUrl'"
            )  # TODO: check proper message

        if not template_body and not template_url:
            raise ValidationError(
                "Specify exactly one of 'TemplateBody' or 'TemplateUrl'"
            )  # TODO: check proper message

        template_body = api_utils.extract_template_body(request)
        structured_template = template_preparer.parse_template(template_body)

        if len(template_body) > 51200:
            raise ValidationError(
                f"1 validation error detected: Value '{template_body}' at 'templateBody' "
                "failed to satisfy constraint: Member must have length less than or equal to 51200"
            )

        # this is intentionally not in a util yet. Let's first see how the different operations deal with these before generalizing
        # handle ARN stack_name here (not valid for initial CREATE, since stack doesn't exist yet)
        if is_stack_arn(stack_name):
            stack = state.stacks_v2.get(stack_name)
            if not stack:
                raise ValidationError(f"Stack '{stack_name}' does not exist.")
        else:
            # stack name specified, so fetch the stack by name
            stack_candidates: list[Stack] = [
                s for stack_arn, s in state.stacks_v2.items() if s.stack_name == stack_name
            ]
            active_stack_candidates = [s for s in stack_candidates if s.is_active()]

            # on a CREATE an empty Stack should be generated if we didn't find an active one
            if not active_stack_candidates and change_set_type == ChangeSetType.CREATE:
                stack = Stack(
                    account_id=context.account_id,
                    region_name=context.region,
                    request_payload=request,
                    initial_status=StackStatus.REVIEW_IN_PROGRESS,
                )
                state.stacks_v2[stack.stack_id] = stack
            else:
                if not active_stack_candidates:
                    raise ValidationError(f"Stack '{stack_name}' does not exist.")
                stack = active_stack_candidates[0]

        # TODO: test if rollback status is allowed as well
        if (
            change_set_type == ChangeSetType.CREATE
            and stack.status != StackStatus.REVIEW_IN_PROGRESS
        ):
            raise ValidationError(
                f"Stack [{stack_name}] already exists and cannot be created again with the changeSet [{change_set_name}]."
            )

        before_parameters: dict[str, Parameter] | None = None
        match change_set_type:
            case ChangeSetType.UPDATE:
                before_parameters = stack.resolved_parameters
                # add changeset to existing stack
                # old_parameters = {
                #     k: mask_no_echo(strip_parameter_type(v))
                #     for k, v in stack.resolved_parameters.items()
                # }
            case ChangeSetType.IMPORT:
                raise NotImplementedError()  # TODO: implement importing resources
            case ChangeSetType.CREATE:
                pass
            case _:
                msg = (
                    f"1 validation error detected: Value '{change_set_type}' at 'changeSetType' failed to satisfy "
                    f"constraint: Member must satisfy enum value set: [IMPORT, UPDATE, CREATE] "
                )
                raise ValidationError(msg)

        # TODO: reconsider the way parameters are modelled in the update graph process.
        #  The options might be reduce to using the current style, or passing the extra information
        #  as a metadata object. The choice should be made considering when the extra information
        #  is needed for the update graph building, or only looked up in downstream tasks (metadata).
        request_parameters = request.get("Parameters", [])
        # TODO: handle parameter defaults and resolution
        after_parameters = self._extract_after_parameters(request_parameters, before_parameters)

        # TODO: update this logic to always pass the clean template object if one exists. The
        #  current issue with relaying on stack.template_original is that this appears to have
        #  its parameters and conditions populated.
        before_template = None
        if change_set_type == ChangeSetType.UPDATE:
            before_template = stack.template
        after_template = structured_template

        previous_update_model = None
        try:
            # FIXME: 'change_set_id' for 'stack' objects is dynamically attributed
            if previous_change_set := find_change_set_v2(state, stack.change_set_id):
                previous_update_model = previous_change_set.update_model
        except Exception:
            # No change set available on this stack.
            pass

        # create change set for the stack and apply changes
        change_set = ChangeSet(stack, request, template=after_template, template_body=template_body)
        self._setup_change_set_model(
            change_set=change_set,
            before_template=before_template,
            after_template=after_template,
            before_parameters=before_parameters,
            after_parameters=after_parameters,
            previous_update_model=previous_update_model,
        )

        # TODO: handle the empty change set case
        if not change_set.has_changes():
            change_set.set_change_set_status(ChangeSetStatus.FAILED)
            change_set.set_execution_status(ExecutionStatus.UNAVAILABLE)
            change_set.status_reason = "The submitted information didn't contain changes. Submit different information to create a change set."
        else:
            if stack.status not in [StackStatus.CREATE_COMPLETE, StackStatus.UPDATE_COMPLETE]:
                stack.set_stack_status(StackStatus.REVIEW_IN_PROGRESS)

            change_set.set_change_set_status(ChangeSetStatus.CREATE_COMPLETE)

        stack.change_set_ids.append(change_set.change_set_id)
        state.change_sets[change_set.change_set_id] = change_set

        return CreateChangeSetOutput(StackId=stack.stack_id, Id=change_set.change_set_id)

    @handler("ExecuteChangeSet")
    def execute_change_set(
        self,
        context: RequestContext,
        change_set_name: ChangeSetNameOrId,
        stack_name: StackNameOrId | None = None,
        client_request_token: ClientRequestToken | None = None,
        disable_rollback: DisableRollback | None = None,
        retain_except_on_create: RetainExceptOnCreate | None = None,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> ExecuteChangeSetOutput:
        state = get_cloudformation_store(context.account_id, context.region)

        change_set = find_change_set_v2(state, change_set_name, stack_name)
        if not change_set:
            raise ChangeSetNotFoundException(f"ChangeSet [{change_set_name}] does not exist")

        if change_set.execution_status != ExecutionStatus.AVAILABLE:
            LOG.debug("Change set %s not in execution status 'AVAILABLE'", change_set_name)
            raise InvalidChangeSetStatusException(
                f"ChangeSet [{change_set.change_set_id}] cannot be executed in its current status of [{change_set.status}]"
            )
        # LOG.debug(
        #     'Executing change set "%s" for stack "%s" with %s resources ...',
        #     change_set_name,
        #     stack_name,
        #     len(change_set.template_resources),
        # )
        if not change_set.update_model:
            raise RuntimeError("Programming error: no update graph found for change set")

        change_set.set_execution_status(ExecutionStatus.EXECUTE_IN_PROGRESS)
        change_set.stack.set_stack_status(
            StackStatus.UPDATE_IN_PROGRESS
            if change_set.change_set_type == ChangeSetType.UPDATE
            else StackStatus.CREATE_IN_PROGRESS
        )

        change_set_executor = ChangeSetModelExecutor(
            change_set,
        )

        def _run(*args):
            result = change_set_executor.execute()
            change_set.stack.resolved_parameters = change_set.resolved_parameters
            change_set.stack.resolved_resources = result.resources
            if not result.failure_message:
                new_stack_status = StackStatus.UPDATE_COMPLETE
                if change_set.change_set_type == ChangeSetType.CREATE:
                    new_stack_status = StackStatus.CREATE_COMPLETE
                change_set.stack.set_stack_status(new_stack_status)
                change_set.set_execution_status(ExecutionStatus.EXECUTE_COMPLETE)
                change_set.stack.resolved_outputs = result.outputs

                change_set.stack.resolved_exports = {}
                for output in result.outputs:
                    if export_name := output.get("ExportName"):
                        change_set.stack.resolved_exports[export_name] = output["OutputValue"]

                change_set.stack.change_set_id = change_set.change_set_id
                change_set.stack.change_set_ids.append(change_set.change_set_id)

                # if the deployment succeeded, update the stack's template representation to that
                # which was just deployed
                change_set.stack.template = change_set.template
                change_set.stack.description = change_set.template.get("Description")
                change_set.stack.processed_template = change_set.processed_template
                change_set.stack.template_body = change_set.template_body
            else:
                LOG.error(
                    "Execute change set failed: %s",
                    result.failure_message,
                    exc_info=LOG.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG) and config.CFN_VERBOSE_ERRORS,
                )
                # stack status is taken care of in the executor
                change_set.set_execution_status(ExecutionStatus.EXECUTE_FAILED)
                change_set.stack.deletion_time = datetime.now(tz=UTC)

        start_worker_thread(_run)

        return ExecuteChangeSetOutput()

    @staticmethod
    def _render_resolved_parameters(
        resolved_parameters: dict[str, EngineParameter],
    ) -> list[Parameter]:
        result = []
        for name, resolved_parameter in resolved_parameters.items():
            parameter = Parameter(
                ParameterKey=name,
                ParameterValue=resolved_parameter.get("given_value")
                or resolved_parameter.get("default_value"),
            )
            if resolved_value := resolved_parameter.get("resolved_value"):
                parameter["ResolvedValue"] = resolved_value

            # TODO :what happens to the resolved value?
            if resolved_parameter.get("no_echo", False):
                parameter["ParameterValue"] = "****"
            result.append(parameter)

        return result

    @handler("DescribeChangeSet")
    def describe_change_set(
        self,
        context: RequestContext,
        change_set_name: ChangeSetNameOrId,
        stack_name: StackNameOrId | None = None,
        next_token: NextToken | None = None,
        include_property_values: IncludePropertyValues | None = None,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> DescribeChangeSetOutput:
        # TODO add support for include_property_values
        # only relevant if change_set_name isn't an ARN
        state = get_cloudformation_store(context.account_id, context.region)
        change_set = find_change_set_v2(state, change_set_name, stack_name)

        if not change_set:
            raise ChangeSetNotFoundException(f"ChangeSet [{change_set_name}] does not exist")

        # TODO: The ChangeSetModelDescriber currently matches AWS behavior by listing
        #       resource changes in the order they appear in the template. However, when
        #       a resource change is triggered indirectly (e.g., via Ref or GetAtt), the
        #       dependency's change appears first in the list.
        #       Snapshot tests using the `capture_update_process` fixture rely on a
        #       normalizer to account for this ordering. This should be removed in the
        #       future by enforcing a consistently correct change ordering at the source.
        change_set_describer = ChangeSetModelDescriber(
            change_set=change_set, include_property_values=include_property_values
        )
        changes: Changes = change_set_describer.get_changes()

        result = DescribeChangeSetOutput(
            Status=change_set.status,
            ChangeSetId=change_set.change_set_id,
            ChangeSetName=change_set.change_set_name,
            ExecutionStatus=change_set.execution_status,
            RollbackConfiguration=RollbackConfiguration(),
            StackId=change_set.stack.stack_id,
            StackName=change_set.stack.stack_name,
            CreationTime=change_set.creation_time,
            Changes=changes,
            Capabilities=change_set.stack.capabilities,
            StatusReason=change_set.status_reason,
            Description=change_set.description,
            # TODO: static information
            IncludeNestedStacks=False,
            NotificationARNs=[],
        )
        if change_set.resolved_parameters:
            result["Parameters"] = self._render_resolved_parameters(change_set.resolved_parameters)
        return result

    @handler("DeleteChangeSet")
    def delete_change_set(
        self,
        context: RequestContext,
        change_set_name: ChangeSetNameOrId,
        stack_name: StackNameOrId = None,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> DeleteChangeSetOutput:
        state = get_cloudformation_store(context.account_id, context.region)
        change_set = find_change_set_v2(state, change_set_name, stack_name)
        if not change_set:
            return DeleteChangeSetOutput()

        change_set.stack.change_set_ids.remove(change_set.change_set_id)
        state.change_sets.pop(change_set.change_set_id)

        return DeleteChangeSetOutput()

    @handler("CreateStack", expand=False)
    def create_stack(self, context: RequestContext, request: CreateStackInput) -> CreateStackOutput:
        try:
            stack_name = request["StackName"]
        except KeyError:
            # TODO: proper exception
            raise ValidationError("StackName must be specified")

        state = get_cloudformation_store(context.account_id, context.region)

        active_stack_candidates = [
            stack
            for stack in state.stacks_v2.values()
            if stack.stack_name == stack_name and stack.status not in [StackStatus.DELETE_COMPLETE]
        ]

        # TODO: fix/implement this code path
        #   this needs more investigation how Cloudformation handles it (e.g. normal stack create or does it create a separate changeset?)
        # REVIEW_IN_PROGRESS is another special status
        # in this case existing changesets are set to obsolete and the stack is created
        # review_stack_candidates = [s for s in stack_candidates if s.status == StackStatus.REVIEW_IN_PROGRESS]
        # if review_stack_candidates:
        # set changesets to obsolete
        # for cs in review_stack_candidates[0].change_sets:
        #     cs.execution_status = ExecutionStatus.OBSOLETE

        if active_stack_candidates:
            raise AlreadyExistsException(f"Stack [{stack_name}] already exists")

        # TODO: copied from create_change_set, consider unifying
        template_body = request.get("TemplateBody")
        # s3 or secretsmanager url
        template_url = request.get("TemplateURL")

        # validate and resolve template
        if template_body and template_url:
            raise ValidationError(
                "Specify exactly one of 'TemplateBody' or 'TemplateUrl'"
            )  # TODO: check proper message

        if not template_body and not template_url:
            raise ValidationError(
                "Specify exactly one of 'TemplateBody' or 'TemplateUrl'"
            )  # TODO: check proper message

        template_body = api_utils.extract_template_body(request)
        structured_template = template_preparer.parse_template(template_body)

        if len(template_body) > 51200:
            raise ValidationError(
                f"1 validation error detected: Value '{template_body}' at 'templateBody' "
                "failed to satisfy constraint: Member must have length less than or equal to 51200"
            )

        if "CAPABILITY_AUTO_EXPAND" not in request.get("Capabilities", []) and (
            "Transform" in structured_template.keys() or "Fn::Transform" in template_body
        ):
            raise InsufficientCapabilitiesException(
                "Requires capabilities : [CAPABILITY_AUTO_EXPAND]"
            )

        stack = Stack(
            account_id=context.account_id,
            region_name=context.region,
            request_payload=request,
        )
        # TODO: what is the correct initial status?
        state.stacks_v2[stack.stack_id] = stack

        # TODO: reconsider the way parameters are modelled in the update graph process.
        #  The options might be reduce to using the current style, or passing the extra information
        #  as a metadata object. The choice should be made considering when the extra information
        #  is needed for the update graph building, or only looked up in downstream tasks (metadata).
        request_parameters = request.get("Parameters", [])
        # TODO: handle parameter defaults and resolution
        after_parameters = self._extract_after_parameters(request_parameters)
        after_template = structured_template

        # Create internal change set to execute
        change_set = ChangeSet(
            stack,
            {"ChangeSetName": f"cs-{stack_name}-create", "ChangeSetType": ChangeSetType.CREATE},
            template=after_template,
            template_body=template_body,
        )
        self._setup_change_set_model(
            change_set=change_set,
            before_template=None,
            after_template=after_template,
            before_parameters=None,
            after_parameters=after_parameters,
            previous_update_model=None,
        )
        if change_set.status == ChangeSetStatus.FAILED:
            return CreateStackOutput(StackId=stack.stack_id)

        stack.processed_template = change_set.processed_template

        # deployment process
        stack.set_stack_status(StackStatus.CREATE_IN_PROGRESS)
        change_set_executor = ChangeSetModelExecutor(change_set)

        def _run(*args):
            try:
                result = change_set_executor.execute()
                stack.resolved_resources = result.resources
                stack.resolved_outputs = result.outputs
                if all(
                    resource["ResourceStatus"] == ResourceStatus.CREATE_COMPLETE
                    for resource in stack.resolved_resources.values()
                ):
                    stack.set_stack_status(StackStatus.CREATE_COMPLETE)
                else:
                    stack.set_stack_status(StackStatus.CREATE_FAILED)

                # if the deployment succeeded, update the stack's template representation to that
                # which was just deployed
                stack.template = change_set.template
                stack.template_body = change_set.template_body
                stack.processed_template = change_set.processed_template
                stack.resolved_parameters = change_set.resolved_parameters
                stack.resolved_exports = {}
                for output in result.outputs:
                    if export_name := output.get("ExportName"):
                        stack.resolved_exports[export_name] = output["OutputValue"]
            except Exception as e:
                LOG.error(
                    "Create Stack set failed: %s",
                    e,
                    exc_info=LOG.isEnabledFor(logging.WARNING) and config.CFN_VERBOSE_ERRORS,
                )
                stack.set_stack_status(StackStatus.CREATE_FAILED)

        start_worker_thread(_run)

        return CreateStackOutput(StackId=stack.stack_id)

    @handler("CreateStackSet", expand=False)
    def create_stack_set(
        self, context: RequestContext, request: CreateStackSetInput
    ) -> CreateStackSetOutput:
        state = get_cloudformation_store(context.account_id, context.region)
        stack_set = StackSet(context.account_id, context.region, request)
        state.stack_sets_v2[stack_set.stack_set_id] = stack_set

        return CreateStackSetOutput(StackSetId=stack_set.stack_set_id)

    @handler("DescribeStacks")
    def describe_stacks(
        self,
        context: RequestContext,
        stack_name: StackName = None,
        next_token: NextToken = None,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> DescribeStacksOutput:
        state = get_cloudformation_store(context.account_id, context.region)
        if stack_name:
            stack = find_stack_v2(state, stack_name)
            if not stack:
                raise ValidationError(f"Stack with id {stack_name} does not exist")
            stacks = [stack]
        else:
            stacks = state.stacks_v2.values()

        describe_stack_output: list[ApiStack] = []
        for stack in stacks:
            describe_stack_output.append(self._describe_stack(stack))

        return DescribeStacksOutput(Stacks=describe_stack_output)

    def _describe_stack(self, stack: Stack) -> ApiStack:
        stack_description = ApiStack(
            Description=stack.description,
            CreationTime=stack.creation_time,
            StackId=stack.stack_id,
            StackName=stack.stack_name,
            StackStatus=stack.status,
            StackStatusReason=stack.status_reason,
            # fake values
            DisableRollback=False,
            DriftInformation=StackDriftInformation(StackDriftStatus=StackDriftStatus.NOT_CHECKED),
            EnableTerminationProtection=stack.enable_termination_protection,
            RollbackConfiguration=RollbackConfiguration(),
            Tags=[],
            NotificationARNs=[],
        )
        if stack.status != StackStatus.REVIEW_IN_PROGRESS:
            # TODO: actually track updated time
            stack_description["LastUpdatedTime"] = stack.creation_time
        if stack.deletion_time:
            stack_description["DeletionTime"] = stack.deletion_time
        if stack.capabilities:
            stack_description["Capabilities"] = stack.capabilities
        # TODO: confirm the logic for this
        if change_set_id := stack.change_set_id:
            stack_description["ChangeSetId"] = change_set_id

        if stack.resolved_parameters:
            stack_description["Parameters"] = self._render_resolved_parameters(
                stack.resolved_parameters
            )

        if stack.resolved_outputs:
            stack_description["Outputs"] = stack.resolved_outputs

        return stack_description

    @handler("ListStacks")
    def list_stacks(
        self,
        context: RequestContext,
        next_token: NextToken = None,
        stack_status_filter: StackStatusFilter = None,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> ListStacksOutput:
        state = get_cloudformation_store(context.account_id, context.region)

        stacks = [
            self._describe_stack(s)
            for s in state.stacks_v2.values()
            if not stack_status_filter or s.status in stack_status_filter
        ]

        attrs = [
            "StackId",
            "StackName",
            "TemplateDescription",
            "CreationTime",
            "LastUpdatedTime",
            "DeletionTime",
            "StackStatus",
            "StackStatusReason",
            "ParentId",
            "RootId",
            "DriftInformation",
        ]
        stacks = [select_attributes(stack, attrs) for stack in stacks]
        return ListStacksOutput(StackSummaries=stacks)

    @handler("ListStackResources")
    def list_stack_resources(
        self, context: RequestContext, stack_name: StackName, next_token: NextToken = None, **kwargs
    ) -> ListStackResourcesOutput:
        result = self.describe_stack_resources(context, stack_name)

        resources = []
        for resource in result.get("StackResources", []):
            resources.append(
                StackResourceSummary(
                    LogicalResourceId=resource["LogicalResourceId"],
                    PhysicalResourceId=resource["PhysicalResourceId"],
                    ResourceType=resource["ResourceType"],
                    LastUpdatedTimestamp=resource["Timestamp"],
                    ResourceStatus=resource["ResourceStatus"],
                    ResourceStatusReason=resource.get("ResourceStatusReason"),
                    DriftInformation=resource.get("DriftInformation"),
                    ModuleInfo=resource.get("ModuleInfo"),
                )
            )

        return ListStackResourcesOutput(StackResourceSummaries=resources)

    @handler("DescribeStackResource")
    def describe_stack_resource(
        self,
        context: RequestContext,
        stack_name: StackName,
        logical_resource_id: LogicalResourceId,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> DescribeStackResourceOutput:
        state = get_cloudformation_store(context.account_id, context.region)
        stack = find_stack_v2(state, stack_name)
        if not stack:
            raise StackNotFoundError(
                stack_name, message_override=f"Stack '{stack_name}' does not exist"
            )

        try:
            resource = stack.resolved_resources[logical_resource_id]
        except KeyError:
            raise ValidationError(
                f"Resource {logical_resource_id} does not exist for stack {stack_name}"
            )

        resource_detail = StackResourceDetail(
            StackName=stack.stack_name,
            StackId=stack.stack_id,
            LogicalResourceId=logical_resource_id,
            PhysicalResourceId=resource["PhysicalResourceId"],
            ResourceType=resource["Type"],
            LastUpdatedTimestamp=resource["LastUpdatedTimestamp"],
            ResourceStatus=resource["ResourceStatus"],
        )
        return DescribeStackResourceOutput(StackResourceDetail=resource_detail)

    @handler("DescribeStackResources")
    def describe_stack_resources(
        self,
        context: RequestContext,
        stack_name: StackName = None,
        logical_resource_id: LogicalResourceId = None,
        physical_resource_id: PhysicalResourceId = None,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> DescribeStackResourcesOutput:
        if physical_resource_id and stack_name:
            raise ValidationError("Cannot specify both StackName and PhysicalResourceId")
        state = get_cloudformation_store(context.account_id, context.region)
        stack = find_stack_v2(state, stack_name)
        if not stack:
            raise StackNotFoundError(stack_name)
        # TODO: filter stack by PhysicalResourceId!
        statuses = []
        for resource_id, resource_status in stack.resource_states.items():
            if resource_id == logical_resource_id or logical_resource_id is None:
                status = copy.deepcopy(resource_status)
                status.setdefault("DriftInformation", {"StackResourceDriftStatus": "NOT_CHECKED"})
                statuses.append(status)
        return DescribeStackResourcesOutput(StackResources=statuses)

    @handler("CreateStackInstances", expand=False)
    def create_stack_instances(
        self,
        context: RequestContext,
        request: CreateStackInstancesInput,
    ) -> CreateStackInstancesOutput:
        state = get_cloudformation_store(context.account_id, context.region)

        stack_set_name = request["StackSetName"]
        stack_set = find_stack_set_v2(state, stack_set_name)
        if not stack_set:
            raise StackSetNotFoundError(stack_set_name)

        op_id = request.get("OperationId") or short_uid()
        accounts = request["Accounts"]
        regions = request["Regions"]

        stacks_to_await = []
        for account in accounts:
            for region in regions:
                # deploy new stack
                LOG.debug(
                    'Deploying instance for stack set "%s" in account: %s region %s',
                    stack_set_name,
                    account,
                    region,
                )
                cf_client = connect_to(aws_access_key_id=account, region_name=region).cloudformation
                if stack_set.template_body:
                    kwargs = {
                        "TemplateBody": stack_set.template_body,
                    }
                elif stack_set.template_url:
                    kwargs = {
                        "TemplateURL": stack_set.template_url,
                    }
                else:
                    # TODO: wording
                    raise ValueError("Neither StackSet Template URL nor TemplateBody provided")
                stack_name = f"sset-{stack_set_name}-{account}-{region}"

                # skip creation of existing stacks
                if find_stack_v2(state, stack_name):
                    continue

                result = cf_client.create_stack(StackName=stack_name, **kwargs)
                # store stack instance
                stack_instance = StackInstance(
                    account_id=account,
                    region_name=region,
                    stack_set_id=stack_set.stack_set_id,
                    operation_id=op_id,
                    stack_id=result["StackId"],
                )
                stack_set.stack_instances.append(stack_instance)

                stacks_to_await.append((stack_name, account, region))

        # wait for completion of stack
        for stack_name, account_id, region_name in stacks_to_await:
            client = connect_to(
                aws_access_key_id=account_id, region_name=region_name
            ).cloudformation
            client.get_waiter("stack_create_complete").wait(StackName=stack_name)

        # record operation
        operation = StackSetOperation(
            OperationId=op_id,
            StackSetId=stack_set.stack_set_id,
            Action=StackSetOperationAction.CREATE,
            Status=StackSetOperationStatus.SUCCEEDED,
        )
        stack_set.operations[op_id] = operation

        return CreateStackInstancesOutput(OperationId=op_id)

    @handler("DescribeStackSetOperation")
    def describe_stack_set_operation(
        self,
        context: RequestContext,
        stack_set_name: StackSetName,
        operation_id: ClientRequestToken,
        call_as: CallAs = None,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> DescribeStackSetOperationOutput:
        state = get_cloudformation_store(context.account_id, context.region)
        stack_set = find_stack_set_v2(state, stack_set_name)
        if not stack_set:
            raise StackSetNotFoundError(stack_set_name)

        result = stack_set.operations.get(operation_id)
        if not result:
            LOG.debug(
                'Unable to find operation ID "%s" for stack set "%s" in list: %s',
                operation_id,
                stack_set_name,
                list(stack_set.operations.keys()),
            )
            # TODO: proper exception
            raise ValueError(
                f'Unable to find operation ID "{operation_id}" for stack set "{stack_set_name}"'
            )

        return DescribeStackSetOperationOutput(StackSetOperation=result)

    @handler("DeleteStackInstances", expand=False)
    def delete_stack_instances(
        self,
        context: RequestContext,
        request: DeleteStackInstancesInput,
    ) -> DeleteStackInstancesOutput:
        state = get_cloudformation_store(context.account_id, context.region)

        stack_set_name = request["StackSetName"]
        stack_set = find_stack_set_v2(state, stack_set_name)
        if not stack_set:
            raise StackSetNotFoundError(stack_set_name)

        op_id = request.get("OperationId") or short_uid()

        accounts = request["Accounts"]
        regions = request["Regions"]

        operations_to_await = []
        for account in accounts:
            for region in regions:
                cf_client = connect_to(aws_access_key_id=account, region_name=region).cloudformation
                instance = find_stack_instance(stack_set, account, region)

                # TODO: check parity with AWS
                # TODO: delete stack instance?
                if not instance:
                    continue

                cf_client.delete_stack(StackName=instance.stack_id)
                operations_to_await.append(instance)

        for instance in operations_to_await:
            cf_client = connect_to(
                aws_access_key_id=instance.account_id, region_name=instance.region_name
            ).cloudformation
            cf_client.get_waiter("stack_delete_complete").wait(StackName=instance.stack_id)
            stack_set.stack_instances.remove(instance)

        # record operation
        operation = StackSetOperation(
            OperationId=op_id,
            StackSetId=stack_set.stack_set_id,
            Action=StackSetOperationAction.DELETE,
            Status=StackSetOperationStatus.SUCCEEDED,
        )
        stack_set.operations[op_id] = operation

        return DeleteStackInstancesOutput(OperationId=op_id)

    @handler("DeleteStackSet")
    def delete_stack_set(
        self,
        context: RequestContext,
        stack_set_name: StackSetName,
        call_as: CallAs = None,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> DeleteStackSetOutput:
        state = get_cloudformation_store(context.account_id, context.region)
        stack_set = find_stack_set_v2(state, stack_set_name)
        if not stack_set:
            # operation is idempotent
            return DeleteStackSetOutput()

        # clean up any left-over instances
        operations_to_await = []
        for instance in stack_set.stack_instances:
            cf_client = connect_to(
                aws_access_key_id=instance.account_id, region_name=instance.region_name
            ).cloudformation
            cf_client.delete_stack(StackName=instance.stack_id)
            operations_to_await.append(instance)

        for instance in operations_to_await:
            cf_client = connect_to(
                aws_access_key_id=instance.account_id, region_name=instance.region_name
            ).cloudformation
            cf_client.get_waiter("stack_delete_complete").wait(StackName=instance.stack_id)
            stack_set.stack_instances.remove(instance)

        state.stack_sets_v2.pop(stack_set.stack_set_id)

        return DeleteStackSetOutput()

    @handler("DescribeStackEvents")
    def describe_stack_events(
        self,
        context: RequestContext,
        stack_name: StackName = None,
        next_token: NextToken = None,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> DescribeStackEventsOutput:
        if not stack_name:
            raise ValidationError(
                "1 validation error detected: Value null at 'stackName' failed to satisfy constraint: Member must not be null"
            )
        state = get_cloudformation_store(context.account_id, context.region)
        stack = find_stack_v2(state, stack_name)
        if not stack:
            raise StackNotFoundError(stack_name)
        return DescribeStackEventsOutput(StackEvents=stack.events)

    @handler("GetTemplate")
    def get_template(
        self,
        context: RequestContext,
        stack_name: StackName = None,
        change_set_name: ChangeSetNameOrId = None,
        template_stage: TemplateStage = None,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> GetTemplateOutput:
        state = get_cloudformation_store(context.account_id, context.region)
        if change_set_name:
            change_set = find_change_set_v2(state, change_set_name, stack_name=stack_name)
            stack = change_set.stack
        elif stack_name:
            stack = find_stack_v2(state, stack_name)
        else:
            raise StackNotFoundError(stack_name)

        if template_stage == TemplateStage.Processed and "Transform" in stack.template_body:
            template_body = json.dumps(stack.processed_template)
        else:
            template_body = stack.template_body

        return GetTemplateOutput(
            TemplateBody=template_body,
            StagesAvailable=[TemplateStage.Original, TemplateStage.Processed],
        )

    @handler("GetTemplateSummary", expand=False)
    def get_template_summary(
        self,
        context: RequestContext,
        request: GetTemplateSummaryInput,
    ) -> GetTemplateSummaryOutput:
        state = get_cloudformation_store(context.account_id, context.region)
        stack_name = request.get("StackName")

        if stack_name:
            stack = find_stack_v2(state, stack_name)
            if not stack:
                raise StackNotFoundError(stack_name)
            template = stack.template
        else:
            template_body = request.get("TemplateBody")
            # s3 or secretsmanager url
            template_url = request.get("TemplateURL")

            # validate and resolve template
            if template_body and template_url:
                raise ValidationError(
                    "Specify exactly one of 'TemplateBody' or 'TemplateUrl'"
                )  # TODO: check proper message

            if not template_body and not template_url:
                raise ValidationError(
                    "Specify exactly one of 'TemplateBody' or 'TemplateUrl'"
                )  # TODO: check proper message

            template_body = api_utils.extract_template_body(request)
            template = template_preparer.parse_template(template_body)

        id_summaries = defaultdict(list)
        for resource_id, resource in template["Resources"].items():
            res_type = resource["Type"]
            id_summaries[res_type].append(resource_id)

        summarized_parameters = []
        for parameter_id, parameter_body in template.get("Parameters", {}).items():
            summarized_parameters.append(
                {
                    "ParameterKey": parameter_id,
                    "DefaultValue": parameter_body.get("Default"),
                    "ParameterType": parameter_body["Type"],
                    "Description": parameter_body.get("Description"),
                }
            )
        result = GetTemplateSummaryOutput(
            Parameters=summarized_parameters,
            Metadata=template.get("Metadata"),
            ResourceIdentifierSummaries=[
                {"ResourceType": key, "LogicalResourceIds": values}
                for key, values in id_summaries.items()
            ],
            ResourceTypes=list(id_summaries.keys()),
            Version=template.get("AWSTemplateFormatVersion", "2010-09-09"),
        )

        return result

    @handler("UpdateTerminationProtection")
    def update_termination_protection(
        self,
        context: RequestContext,
        enable_termination_protection: EnableTerminationProtection,
        stack_name: StackNameOrId,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> UpdateTerminationProtectionOutput:
        state = get_cloudformation_store(context.account_id, context.region)
        stack = find_stack_v2(state, stack_name)
        if not stack:
            raise StackNotFoundError(stack_name)

        stack.enable_termination_protection = enable_termination_protection
        return UpdateTerminationProtectionOutput(StackId=stack.stack_id)

    @handler("UpdateStack", expand=False)
    def update_stack(
        self,
        context: RequestContext,
        request: UpdateStackInput,
    ) -> UpdateStackOutput:
        try:
            stack_name = request["StackName"]
        except KeyError:
            # TODO: proper exception
            raise ValidationError("StackName must be specified")
        state = get_cloudformation_store(context.account_id, context.region)
        template_body = request.get("TemplateBody")
        # s3 or secretsmanager url
        template_url = request.get("TemplateURL")

        # validate and resolve template
        if template_body and template_url:
            raise ValidationError(
                "Specify exactly one of 'TemplateBody' or 'TemplateUrl'"
            )  # TODO: check proper message

        if not template_body and not template_url:
            raise ValidationError(
                "Specify exactly one of 'TemplateBody' or 'TemplateUrl'"
            )  # TODO: check proper message

        template_body = api_utils.extract_template_body(request)
        structured_template = template_preparer.parse_template(template_body)

        if "CAPABILITY_AUTO_EXPAND" not in request.get("Capabilities", []) and (
            "Transform" in structured_template.keys() or "Fn::Transform" in template_body
        ):
            raise InsufficientCapabilitiesException(
                "Requires capabilities : [CAPABILITY_AUTO_EXPAND]"
            )

        # this is intentionally not in a util yet. Let's first see how the different operations deal with these before generalizing
        # handle ARN stack_name here (not valid for initial CREATE, since stack doesn't exist yet)
        stack: Stack
        if is_stack_arn(stack_name):
            stack = state.stacks_v2.get(stack_name)
            if not stack:
                raise ValidationError(f"Stack '{stack_name}' does not exist.")

        else:
            # stack name specified, so fetch the stack by name
            stack_candidates: list[Stack] = [
                s for stack_arn, s in state.stacks_v2.items() if s.stack_name == stack_name
            ]
            active_stack_candidates = [
                s for s in stack_candidates if self._stack_status_is_active(s.status)
            ]

            if not active_stack_candidates:
                raise ValidationError(f"Stack '{stack_name}' does not exist.")
            elif len(active_stack_candidates) > 1:
                raise RuntimeError("Multiple stacks matched, update matching logic")
            stack = active_stack_candidates[0]

        # TODO: proper status modeling
        before_parameters = stack.resolved_parameters
        # TODO: reconsider the way parameters are modelled in the update graph process.
        #  The options might be reduce to using the current style, or passing the extra information
        #  as a metadata object. The choice should be made considering when the extra information
        #  is needed for the update graph building, or only looked up in downstream tasks (metadata).
        request_parameters = request.get("Parameters", [])
        # TODO: handle parameter defaults and resolution
        after_parameters = self._extract_after_parameters(request_parameters, before_parameters)

        before_template = stack.template
        after_template = structured_template

        previous_update_model = None
        if stack.change_set_id:
            if previous_change_set := find_change_set_v2(state, stack.change_set_id):
                previous_update_model = previous_change_set.update_model

        change_set = ChangeSet(
            stack,
            {"ChangeSetName": f"cs-{stack_name}-create", "ChangeSetType": ChangeSetType.CREATE},
            template_body=template_body,
            template=after_template,
        )
        self._setup_change_set_model(
            change_set=change_set,
            before_template=before_template,
            after_template=after_template,
            before_parameters=before_parameters,
            after_parameters=after_parameters,
            previous_update_model=previous_update_model,
        )

        # TODO: some changes are only detectable at runtime; consider using
        #       the ChangeSetModelDescriber, or a new custom visitors, to
        #       pick-up on runtime changes.
        if not change_set.has_changes():
            raise ValidationError("No updates are to be performed.")

        stack.set_stack_status(StackStatus.UPDATE_IN_PROGRESS)
        change_set_executor = ChangeSetModelExecutor(change_set)

        def _run(*args):
            try:
                result = change_set_executor.execute()
                stack.set_stack_status(StackStatus.UPDATE_COMPLETE)
                stack.resolved_resources = result.resources
                stack.resolved_outputs = result.outputs
                # if the deployment succeeded, update the stack's template representation to that
                # which was just deployed
                stack.template = change_set.template
                stack.template_body = change_set.template_body
                stack.resolved_parameters = change_set.resolved_parameters
                stack.resolved_exports = {}
                for output in result.outputs:
                    if export_name := output.get("ExportName"):
                        stack.resolved_exports[export_name] = output["OutputValue"]
            except Exception as e:
                LOG.error(
                    "Update Stack failed: %s",
                    e,
                    exc_info=LOG.isEnabledFor(logging.WARNING) and config.CFN_VERBOSE_ERRORS,
                )
                stack.set_stack_status(StackStatus.UPDATE_FAILED)

        start_worker_thread(_run)

        return UpdateStackOutput(StackId=stack.stack_id)

    @staticmethod
    def _extract_after_parameters(
        request_parameters, before_parameters: dict[str, str] | None = None
    ) -> dict[str, str]:
        before_parameters = before_parameters or {}
        after_parameters = {}
        for parameter in request_parameters:
            key = parameter["ParameterKey"]
            if parameter.get("UsePreviousValue", False):
                # todo: what if the parameter does not exist in the before parameters
                before = before_parameters[key]
                after_parameters[key] = (
                    before.get("resolved_value")
                    or before.get("given_value")
                    or before.get("default_value")
                )
                continue

            if "ParameterValue" in parameter:
                after_parameters[key] = parameter["ParameterValue"]
                continue
        return after_parameters

    @handler("DeleteStack")
    def delete_stack(
        self,
        context: RequestContext,
        stack_name: StackName,
        retain_resources: RetainResources = None,
        role_arn: RoleARN = None,
        client_request_token: ClientRequestToken = None,
        deletion_mode: DeletionMode = None,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
        state = get_cloudformation_store(context.account_id, context.region)
        stack = find_stack_v2(state, stack_name)
        if not stack:
            # aws will silently ignore invalid stack names - we should do the same
            return

        # shortcut for stacks which have no deployed resources i.e. where a change set was
        # created, but never executed
        if stack.status == StackStatus.REVIEW_IN_PROGRESS and not stack.resolved_resources:
            stack.set_stack_status(StackStatus.DELETE_COMPLETE)
            stack.deletion_time = datetime.now(tz=UTC)
            return

        stack.set_stack_status(StackStatus.DELETE_IN_PROGRESS)

        previous_update_model = None
        if stack.change_set_id:
            if previous_change_set := find_change_set_v2(state, stack.change_set_id):
                previous_update_model = previous_change_set.update_model

        # create a dummy change set
        change_set = ChangeSet(
            stack, {"ChangeSetName": f"delete-stack_{stack.stack_name}"}, template_body=""
        )  # noqa
        self._setup_change_set_model(
            change_set=change_set,
            before_template=stack.processed_template,
            after_template=None,
            before_parameters=stack.resolved_parameters,
            after_parameters=None,
            previous_update_model=previous_update_model,
        )

        change_set_executor = ChangeSetModelExecutor(change_set)

        def _run(*args):
            try:
                change_set_executor.execute()
                stack.set_stack_status(StackStatus.DELETE_COMPLETE)
                stack.deletion_time = datetime.now(tz=UTC)
            except Exception as e:
                LOG.warning(
                    "Failed to delete stack '%s': %s",
                    stack.stack_name,
                    e,
                    exc_info=LOG.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG) and config.CFN_VERBOSE_ERRORS,
                )
                stack.set_stack_status(StackStatus.DELETE_FAILED)

        start_worker_thread(_run)

    @handler("ListExports")
    def list_exports(
        self, context: RequestContext, next_token: NextToken = None, **kwargs
    ) -> ListExportsOutput:
        store = get_cloudformation_store(account_id=context.account_id, region_name=context.region)
        return ListExportsOutput(Exports=store.exports_v2.values())

localstack / localstack / 17144436094

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