16010787164

Committed 01 Jul 2025 09:43PM UTC coverage: 76.381% (+0.02%) from 76.363%

Build # 16010787164

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push

github

Committed by

web-flow

Commit Message

feat(sap): use the native driver for connection pooling (#11520)

* feat(sap): use the native driver for connection pooling

* Add pool error handler

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83.94

/src/driver/sap/SapQueryRunner.ts

import { promisify } from "node:util"
import { ObjectLiteral } from "../../common/ObjectLiteral"
import { QueryFailedError, TypeORMError } from "../../error"
import { QueryRunnerAlreadyReleasedError } from "../../error/QueryRunnerAlreadyReleasedError"
import { TransactionAlreadyStartedError } from "../../error/TransactionAlreadyStartedError"
import { TransactionNotStartedError } from "../../error/TransactionNotStartedError"
import { ReadStream } from "../../platform/PlatformTools"
import { BaseQueryRunner } from "../../query-runner/BaseQueryRunner"
import { QueryLock } from "../../query-runner/QueryLock"
import { QueryResult } from "../../query-runner/QueryResult"
import { QueryRunner } from "../../query-runner/QueryRunner"
import { TableIndexOptions } from "../../schema-builder/options/TableIndexOptions"
import { Table } from "../../schema-builder/table/Table"
import { TableCheck } from "../../schema-builder/table/TableCheck"
import { TableColumn } from "../../schema-builder/table/TableColumn"
import { TableExclusion } from "../../schema-builder/table/TableExclusion"
import { TableForeignKey } from "../../schema-builder/table/TableForeignKey"
import { TableIndex } from "../../schema-builder/table/TableIndex"
import { TableUnique } from "../../schema-builder/table/TableUnique"
import { View } from "../../schema-builder/view/View"
import { Broadcaster } from "../../subscriber/Broadcaster"
import { BroadcasterResult } from "../../subscriber/BroadcasterResult"
import { InstanceChecker } from "../../util/InstanceChecker"
import { OrmUtils } from "../../util/OrmUtils"
import { Query } from "../Query"
import { ColumnType } from "../types/ColumnTypes"
import { IsolationLevel } from "../types/IsolationLevel"
import { MetadataTableType } from "../types/MetadataTableType"
import { ReplicationMode } from "../types/ReplicationMode"
import { SapDriver } from "./SapDriver"

/**
 * Runs queries on a single SQL Server database connection.
 */
export class SapQueryRunner extends BaseQueryRunner implements QueryRunner {
    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Public Implemented Properties
    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------

    /**
     * Database driver used by connection.
     */
    driver: SapDriver

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Protected Properties
    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------

    /**
     * Promise used to obtain a database connection from a pool for a first time.
     */
    protected databaseConnectionPromise: Promise<any>

    private lock: QueryLock = new QueryLock()

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Constructor
    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------

    constructor(driver: SapDriver, mode: ReplicationMode) {
        super()
        this.driver = driver
        this.connection = driver.connection
        this.broadcaster = new Broadcaster(this)
        this.mode = mode
    }

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Public Methods
    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------

    /**
     * Creates/uses database connection from the connection pool to perform further operations.
     * Returns obtained database connection.
     */
    async connect(): Promise<any> {
        if (this.databaseConnection) return this.databaseConnection

        this.databaseConnection = await this.driver.obtainMasterConnection()

        return this.databaseConnection
    }

    /**
     * Releases used database connection.
     * You cannot use query runner methods once its released.
     */
    async release(): Promise<void> {
        this.isReleased = true

        if (this.databaseConnection) {
            // return the connection back to the pool
            try {
                await promisify(this.databaseConnection.disconnect).call(
                    this.databaseConnection,
                )
            } catch (error) {
                this.driver.poolErrorHandler(error)
                throw error
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Starts transaction.
     */
    async startTransaction(isolationLevel?: IsolationLevel): Promise<void> {
        if (this.isReleased) throw new QueryRunnerAlreadyReleasedError()

        if (
            this.isTransactionActive &&
            this.driver.transactionSupport === "simple"
        )
            throw new TransactionAlreadyStartedError()

        await this.broadcaster.broadcast("BeforeTransactionStart")

        this.isTransactionActive = true

        /**
         * Disable AUTOCOMMIT while running transaction.
         *  Otherwise, COMMIT/ROLLBACK doesn't work in autocommit mode.
         */
        await this.setAutoCommit({ status: "off" })

        if (isolationLevel) {
            await this.query(
                `SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL ${isolationLevel || ""}`,
            )
        }

        await this.broadcaster.broadcast("AfterTransactionStart")
    }

    /**
     * Commits transaction.
     * Error will be thrown if transaction was not started.
     */
    async commitTransaction(): Promise<void> {
        if (this.isReleased) throw new QueryRunnerAlreadyReleasedError()

        if (!this.isTransactionActive) throw new TransactionNotStartedError()

        await this.broadcaster.broadcast("BeforeTransactionCommit")

        await this.query("COMMIT")
        this.isTransactionActive = false

        await this.setAutoCommit({ status: "on" })
        await this.broadcaster.broadcast("AfterTransactionCommit")
    }

    /**
     * Rollbacks transaction.
     * Error will be thrown if transaction was not started.
     */
    async rollbackTransaction(): Promise<void> {
        if (this.isReleased) throw new QueryRunnerAlreadyReleasedError()

        if (!this.isTransactionActive) throw new TransactionNotStartedError()

        await this.broadcaster.broadcast("BeforeTransactionRollback")

        await this.query("ROLLBACK")
        this.isTransactionActive = false

        await this.setAutoCommit({ status: "on" })
        await this.broadcaster.broadcast("AfterTransactionRollback")
    }

    /**
     * @description Switches on/off AUTOCOMMIT mode
     * @link https://help.sap.com/docs/HANA_SERVICE_CF/7c78579ce9b14a669c1f3295b0d8ca16/d538d11053bd4f3f847ec5ce817a3d4c.html?locale=en-US
     */
    async setAutoCommit(options: { status: "on" | "off" }) {
        const connection = await this.connect()
        connection.setAutoCommit(options.status === "on")

        const query = `SET TRANSACTION AUTOCOMMIT DDL ${options.status.toUpperCase()}`
        this.driver.connection.logger.logQuery(query, [], this)
        try {
            await promisify(connection.exec).call(connection, query)
        } catch (error) {
            throw new QueryFailedError(query, [], error)
        }
    }

    /**
     * Executes a given SQL query.
     */
    async query(
        query: string,
        parameters?: any[],
        useStructuredResult = false,
    ): Promise<any> {
        if (this.isReleased) throw new QueryRunnerAlreadyReleasedError()

        const release = await this.lock.acquire()

        const databaseConnection = await this.connect()

        let statement: any
        const result = new QueryResult()

        this.driver.connection.logger.logQuery(query, parameters, this)
        await this.broadcaster.broadcast("BeforeQuery", query, parameters)

        const broadcasterResult = new BroadcasterResult()

        try {
            const queryStartTime = Date.now()
            const isInsertQuery = query.substr(0, 11) === "INSERT INTO"

            if (parameters?.some(Array.isArray)) {
                statement = await promisify(databaseConnection.prepare).call(
                    databaseConnection,
                    query,
                )
            }

            let raw: any
            try {
                raw = statement
                    ? await promisify(statement.exec).call(
                          statement,
                          parameters,
                      )
                    : await promisify(databaseConnection.exec).call(
                          databaseConnection,
                          query,
                          parameters,
                          {},
                      )
            } catch (err) {
                throw new QueryFailedError(query, parameters, err)
            }

            // log slow queries if maxQueryExecution time is set
            const maxQueryExecutionTime =
                this.driver.connection.options.maxQueryExecutionTime
            const queryEndTime = Date.now()
            const queryExecutionTime = queryEndTime - queryStartTime

            this.broadcaster.broadcastAfterQueryEvent(
                broadcasterResult,
                query,
                parameters,
                true,
                queryExecutionTime,
                raw,
                undefined,
            )

            if (
                maxQueryExecutionTime &&
                queryExecutionTime > maxQueryExecutionTime
            ) {
                this.driver.connection.logger.logQuerySlow(
                    queryExecutionTime,
                    query,
                    parameters,
                    this,
                )
            }

            if (typeof raw === "number") {
                result.affected = raw
            } else if (Array.isArray(raw)) {
                result.records = raw
            }

            result.raw = raw

            if (isInsertQuery) {
                const lastIdQuery = `SELECT CURRENT_IDENTITY_VALUE() FROM "SYS"."DUMMY"`
                this.driver.connection.logger.logQuery(lastIdQuery, [], this)
                try {
                    const identityValueResult: [
                        { "CURRENT_IDENTITY_VALUE()": unknown },
                    ] = await promisify(databaseConnection.exec).call(
                        databaseConnection,
                        lastIdQuery,
                    )

                    result.raw =
                        identityValueResult[0]["CURRENT_IDENTITY_VALUE()"]
                    result.records = identityValueResult
                } catch (error) {
                    throw new QueryFailedError(lastIdQuery, [], error)
                }
            }
        } catch (err) {
            this.driver.connection.logger.logQueryError(
                err,
                query,
                parameters,
                this,
            )
            this.broadcaster.broadcastAfterQueryEvent(
                broadcasterResult,
                query,
                parameters,
                false,
                undefined,
                undefined,
                err,
            )
            throw err
        } finally {
            // Never forget to drop the statement we reserved
            if (statement?.drop) {
                await promisify(statement.drop).call(statement)
            }

            await broadcasterResult.wait()

            // Always release the lock.
            release()
        }

        if (useStructuredResult) {
            return result
        } else {
            return result.raw
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns raw data stream.
     */
    async stream(
        query: string,
        parameters?: any[],
        onEnd?: Function,
        onError?: Function,
    ): Promise<ReadStream> {
        if (this.isReleased) throw new QueryRunnerAlreadyReleasedError()

        const release = await this.lock.acquire()
        let statement: any
        let resultSet: any

        const cleanup = async () => {
            const originalStatement = statement
            const originalResultSet = resultSet
            statement = null
            resultSet = null
            if (originalResultSet) {
                await promisify(originalResultSet.close).call(originalResultSet)
            }
            if (originalStatement) {
                await promisify(originalStatement.drop).call(originalStatement)
            }
            release()
        }

        try {
            const databaseConnection = await this.connect()
            this.driver.connection.logger.logQuery(query, parameters, this)

            statement = await promisify(databaseConnection.prepare).call(
                databaseConnection,
                query,
            )
            resultSet = await promisify(statement.executeQuery).call(
                statement,
                parameters,
            )

            const stream =
                this.driver.streamClient.createObjectStream(resultSet)

            if (onEnd) {
                stream.on("end", onEnd)
            }
            stream.on("error", (error: Error) => {
                this.driver.connection.logger.logQueryError(
                    error,
                    query,
                    parameters,
                    this,
                )
                onError?.(error)
            })
            stream.on("close", cleanup)

            return stream
        } catch (error) {
            this.driver.connection.logger.logQueryError(
                error,
                query,
                parameters,
                this,
            )
            await cleanup()
            throw new QueryFailedError(query, parameters, error)
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns all available database names including system databases.
     */
    async getDatabases(): Promise<string[]> {
        const results: ObjectLiteral[] = await this.query(
            `SELECT DATABASE_NAME FROM "SYS"."M_DATABASES"`,
        )
        return results.map((result) => result["DATABASE_NAME"])
    }

    /**
     * Returns all available schema names including system schemas.
     * If database parameter specified, returns schemas of that database.
     */
    async getSchemas(database?: string): Promise<string[]> {
        const query = database
            ? `SELECT * FROM "${database}"."SYS"."SCHEMAS"`
            : `SELECT * FROM "SYS"."SCHEMAS"`
        const results: ObjectLiteral[] = await this.query(query)
        return results.map((result) => result["SCHEMA_NAME"])
    }

    /**
     * Checks if database with the given name exist.
     */
    async hasDatabase(database: string): Promise<boolean> {
        const databases = await this.getDatabases()
        return databases.indexOf(database) !== -1
    }

    /**
     * Returns current database.
     */
    async getCurrentDatabase(): Promise<string> {
        const currentDBQuery: [{ dbName: string }] = await this.query(
            `SELECT "DATABASE_NAME" AS "dbName" FROM "SYS"."M_DATABASE"`,
        )

        return currentDBQuery[0].dbName
    }

    /**
     * Returns the database server version.
     */
    async getDatabaseAndVersion(): Promise<{
        database: string
        version: string
    }> {
        const currentDBQuery: [{ database: string; version: string }] =
            await this.query(
                `SELECT  "DATABASE_NAME" AS "database", "VERSION" AS "version" FROM "SYS"."M_DATABASE"`,
            )

        return currentDBQuery[0]
    }

    /**
     * Checks if schema with the given name exist.
     */
    async hasSchema(schema: string): Promise<boolean> {
        const schemas = await this.getSchemas()
        return schemas.indexOf(schema) !== -1
    }

    /**
     * Returns current schema.
     */
    async getCurrentSchema(): Promise<string> {
        const currentSchemaQuery: [{ schemaName: string }] = await this.query(
            `SELECT CURRENT_SCHEMA AS "schemaName" FROM "SYS"."DUMMY"`,
        )

        return currentSchemaQuery[0].schemaName
    }

    /**
     * Checks if table with the given name exist in the database.
     */
    async hasTable(tableOrName: Table | string): Promise<boolean> {
        const parsedTableName = this.driver.parseTableName(tableOrName)

        if (!parsedTableName.schema) {
            parsedTableName.schema = await this.getCurrentSchema()
        }

        const sql = `SELECT COUNT(*) as "hasTable" FROM "SYS"."TABLES" WHERE "SCHEMA_NAME" = '${parsedTableName.schema}' AND "TABLE_NAME" = '${parsedTableName.tableName}'`
        const result: [{ hasTable: number }] = await this.query(sql)

        return result[0].hasTable > 0
    }

    /**
     * Checks if column with the given name exist in the given table.
     */
    async hasColumn(
        tableOrName: Table | string,
        columnName: string,
    ): Promise<boolean> {
        const parsedTableName = this.driver.parseTableName(tableOrName)

        if (!parsedTableName.schema) {
            parsedTableName.schema = await this.getCurrentSchema()
        }

        const sql = `SELECT COUNT(*) as "hasColumn" FROM "SYS"."TABLE_COLUMNS" WHERE "SCHEMA_NAME" = '${parsedTableName.schema}' AND "TABLE_NAME" = '${parsedTableName.tableName}' AND "COLUMN_NAME" = '${columnName}'`
        const result: [{ hasColumn: number }] = await this.query(sql)

        return result[0].hasColumn > 0
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new database.
     */
    async createDatabase(
        database: string,
        ifNotExist?: boolean,
    ): Promise<void> {
        return Promise.resolve()
    }

    /**
     * Drops database.
     */
    async dropDatabase(database: string, ifExist?: boolean): Promise<void> {
        return Promise.resolve()
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new table schema.
     */
    async createSchema(
        schemaPath: string,
        ifNotExist?: boolean,
    ): Promise<void> {
        const schema =
            schemaPath.indexOf(".") === -1
                ? schemaPath
                : schemaPath.split(".")[1]

        let exist = false
        if (ifNotExist) {
            const result = await this.query(
                `SELECT * FROM "SYS"."SCHEMAS" WHERE "SCHEMA_NAME" = '${schema}'`,
            )
            exist = !!result.length
        }
        if (!ifNotExist || (ifNotExist && !exist)) {
            const up = `CREATE SCHEMA "${schema}"`
            const down = `DROP SCHEMA "${schema}" CASCADE`
            await this.executeQueries(new Query(up), new Query(down))
        }
    }

    /**
     * Drops table schema
     */
    async dropSchema(
        schemaPath: string,
        ifExist?: boolean,
        isCascade?: boolean,
    ): Promise<void> {
        const schema =
            schemaPath.indexOf(".") === -1
                ? schemaPath
                : schemaPath.split(".")[0]
        let exist = false
        if (ifExist) {
            const result = await this.query(
                `SELECT * FROM "SYS"."SCHEMAS" WHERE "SCHEMA_NAME" = '${schema}'`,
            )
            exist = !!result.length
        }
        if (!ifExist || (ifExist && exist)) {
            const up = `DROP SCHEMA "${schema}" ${isCascade ? "CASCADE" : ""}`
            const down = `CREATE SCHEMA "${schema}"`
            await this.executeQueries(new Query(up), new Query(down))
        }
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new table.
     */
    async createTable(
        table: Table,
        ifNotExist: boolean = false,
        createForeignKeys: boolean = true,
        createIndices: boolean = true,
    ): Promise<void> {
        if (ifNotExist) {
            const isTableExist = await this.hasTable(table)
            if (isTableExist) return Promise.resolve()
        }
        const upQueries: Query[] = []
        const downQueries: Query[] = []

        upQueries.push(this.createTableSql(table, createForeignKeys))
        downQueries.push(this.dropTableSql(table))

        // if createForeignKeys is true, we must drop created foreign keys in down query.
        // createTable does not need separate method to create foreign keys, because it create fk's in the same query with table creation.
        if (createForeignKeys)
            table.foreignKeys.forEach((foreignKey) =>
                downQueries.push(this.dropForeignKeySql(table, foreignKey)),
            )

        if (createIndices) {
            table.indices.forEach((index) => {
                // new index may be passed without name. In this case we generate index name manually.
                if (!index.name)
                    index.name = this.connection.namingStrategy.indexName(
                        table,
                        index.columnNames,
                        index.where,
                    )
                upQueries.push(this.createIndexSql(table, index))
                downQueries.push(this.dropIndexSql(table, index))
            })
        }

        await this.executeQueries(upQueries, downQueries)
    }

    /**
     * Drops the table.
     */
    async dropTable(
        tableOrName: Table | string,
        ifExist?: boolean,
        dropForeignKeys: boolean = true,
        dropIndices: boolean = true,
    ): Promise<void> {
        if (ifExist) {
            const isTableExist = await this.hasTable(tableOrName)
            if (!isTableExist) return Promise.resolve()
        }

        // if dropTable called with dropForeignKeys = true, we must create foreign keys in down query.
        const createForeignKeys: boolean = dropForeignKeys
        const table = InstanceChecker.isTable(tableOrName)
            ? tableOrName
            : await this.getCachedTable(tableOrName)
        const upQueries: Query[] = []
        const downQueries: Query[] = []

        // It needs because if table does not exist and dropForeignKeys or dropIndices is true, we don't need
        // to perform drop queries for foreign keys and indices.

        if (dropIndices) {
            table.indices.forEach((index) => {
                upQueries.push(this.dropIndexSql(table, index))
                downQueries.push(this.createIndexSql(table, index))
            })
        }

        // if dropForeignKeys is true, we just drop the table, otherwise we also drop table foreign keys.
        // createTable does not need separate method to create foreign keys, because it create fk's in the same query with table creation.
        if (dropForeignKeys)
            table.foreignKeys.forEach((foreignKey) =>
                upQueries.push(this.dropForeignKeySql(table, foreignKey)),
            )

        upQueries.push(this.dropTableSql(table))
        downQueries.push(this.createTableSql(table, createForeignKeys))

        await this.executeQueries(upQueries, downQueries)
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new view.
     */
    async createView(
        view: View,
        syncWithMetadata: boolean = false,
    ): Promise<void> {
        const upQueries: Query[] = []
        const downQueries: Query[] = []
        upQueries.push(this.createViewSql(view))
        if (syncWithMetadata)
            upQueries.push(await this.insertViewDefinitionSql(view))
        downQueries.push(this.dropViewSql(view))
        if (syncWithMetadata)
            downQueries.push(await this.deleteViewDefinitionSql(view))
        await this.executeQueries(upQueries, downQueries)
    }

    /**
     * Drops the view.
     */
    async dropView(target: View | string): Promise<void> {
        const viewName = InstanceChecker.isView(target) ? target.name : target
        const view = await this.getCachedView(viewName)

        const upQueries: Query[] = []
        const downQueries: Query[] = []
        upQueries.push(await this.deleteViewDefinitionSql(view))
        upQueries.push(this.dropViewSql(view))
        downQueries.push(await this.insertViewDefinitionSql(view))
        downQueries.push(this.createViewSql(view))
        await this.executeQueries(upQueries, downQueries)
    }

    /**
     * Renames a table.
     */
    async renameTable(
        oldTableOrName: Table | string,
        newTableName: string,
    ): Promise<void> {
        const upQueries: Query[] = []
        const downQueries: Query[] = []
        const oldTable = InstanceChecker.isTable(oldTableOrName)
            ? oldTableOrName
            : await this.getCachedTable(oldTableOrName)
        const newTable = oldTable.clone()

        const { schema: schemaName, tableName: oldTableName } =
            this.driver.parseTableName(oldTable)

        newTable.name = schemaName
            ? `${schemaName}.${newTableName}`
            : newTableName

        // rename table
        upQueries.push(
            new Query(
                `RENAME TABLE ${this.escapePath(oldTable)} TO ${this.escapePath(
                    newTable,
                )}`,
            ),
        )
        downQueries.push(
            new Query(
                `RENAME TABLE ${this.escapePath(newTable)} TO ${this.escapePath(
                    oldTable,
                )}`,
            ),
        )

        // drop old FK's. Foreign keys must be dropped before the primary keys are dropped
        newTable.foreignKeys.forEach((foreignKey) => {
            upQueries.push(this.dropForeignKeySql(newTable, foreignKey))
            downQueries.push(this.createForeignKeySql(newTable, foreignKey))
        })

        // SAP HANA does not allow to drop PK's which is referenced by foreign keys.
        // To avoid this, we must drop all referential foreign keys and recreate them later
        const referencedForeignKeySql = `SELECT * FROM "SYS"."REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS" WHERE "REFERENCED_SCHEMA_NAME" = '${schemaName}' AND "REFERENCED_TABLE_NAME" = '${oldTableName}'`
        const dbForeignKeys: ObjectLiteral[] = await this.query(
            referencedForeignKeySql,
        )
        let referencedForeignKeys: TableForeignKey[] = []
        const referencedForeignKeyTableMapping: {
            tableName: string
            fkName: string
        }[] = []
        if (dbForeignKeys.length > 0) {
            referencedForeignKeys = dbForeignKeys.map((dbForeignKey) => {
                const foreignKeys = dbForeignKeys.filter(
                    (dbFk) =>
                        dbFk["CONSTRAINT_NAME"] ===
                        dbForeignKey["CONSTRAINT_NAME"],
                )

                referencedForeignKeyTableMapping.push({
                    tableName: `${dbForeignKey["SCHEMA_NAME"]}.${dbForeignKey["TABLE_NAME"]}`,
                    fkName: dbForeignKey["CONSTRAINT_NAME"],
                })
                return new TableForeignKey({
                    name: dbForeignKey["CONSTRAINT_NAME"],
                    columnNames: foreignKeys.map((dbFk) => dbFk["COLUMN_NAME"]),
                    referencedDatabase: newTable.database,
                    referencedSchema: newTable.schema,
                    referencedTableName: newTable.name, // we use renamed table name
                    referencedColumnNames: foreignKeys.map(
                        (dbFk) => dbFk["REFERENCED_COLUMN_NAME"],
                    ),
                    onDelete:
                        dbForeignKey["DELETE_RULE"] === "RESTRICT"
                            ? "NO ACTION"
                            : dbForeignKey["DELETE_RULE"],
                    onUpdate:
                        dbForeignKey["UPDATE_RULE"] === "RESTRICT"
                            ? "NO ACTION"
                            : dbForeignKey["UPDATE_RULE"],
                    deferrable: dbForeignKey["CHECK_TIME"].replace("_", " "), // "CHECK_TIME" is "INITIALLY_IMMEDIATE" or "INITIALLY DEFERRED"
                })
            })

            // drop referenced foreign keys
            referencedForeignKeys.forEach((foreignKey) => {
                const mapping = referencedForeignKeyTableMapping.find(
                    (it) => it.fkName === foreignKey.name,
                )
                upQueries.push(
                    this.dropForeignKeySql(mapping!.tableName, foreignKey),
                )
                downQueries.push(
                    this.createForeignKeySql(mapping!.tableName, foreignKey),
                )
            })
        }

        // rename primary key constraint
        if (newTable.primaryColumns.length > 0) {
            const columnNames = newTable.primaryColumns.map(
                (column) => column.name,
            )
            const columnNamesString = columnNames
                .map((columnName) => `"${columnName}"`)
                .join(", ")

            const oldPkName = this.connection.namingStrategy.primaryKeyName(
                oldTable,
                columnNames,
            )
            const newPkName = this.connection.namingStrategy.primaryKeyName(
                newTable,
                columnNames,
            )

            // drop old PK
            upQueries.push(
                new Query(
                    `ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(
                        newTable,
                    )} DROP CONSTRAINT "${oldPkName}"`,
                ),
            )
            downQueries.push(
                new Query(
                    `ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(
                        newTable,
                    )} ADD CONSTRAINT "${oldPkName}" PRIMARY KEY (${columnNamesString})`,
                ),
            )

            // create new PK
            upQueries.push(
                new Query(
                    `ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(
                        newTable,
                    )} ADD CONSTRAINT "${newPkName}" PRIMARY KEY (${columnNamesString})`,
                ),
            )
            downQueries.push(
                new Query(
                    `ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(
                        newTable,
                    )} DROP CONSTRAINT "${newPkName}"`,
                ),
            )
        }

        // recreate foreign keys with new constraint names
        newTable.foreignKeys.forEach((foreignKey) => {
            // replace constraint name
            foreignKey.name = this.connection.namingStrategy.foreignKeyName(
                newTable,
                foreignKey.columnNames,
                this.getTablePath(foreignKey),
                foreignKey.referencedColumnNames,
            )

            // create new FK's
            upQueries.push(this.createForeignKeySql(newTable, foreignKey))
            downQueries.push(this.dropForeignKeySql(newTable, foreignKey))
        })

        // restore referenced foreign keys
        referencedForeignKeys.forEach((foreignKey) => {
            const mapping = referencedForeignKeyTableMapping.find(
                (it) => it.fkName === foreignKey.name,
            )
            upQueries.push(
                this.createForeignKeySql(mapping!.tableName, foreignKey),
            )
            downQueries.push(
                this.dropForeignKeySql(mapping!.tableName, foreignKey),
            )
        })

        // rename index constraints
        newTable.indices.forEach((index) => {
            // build new constraint name
            const newIndexName = this.connection.namingStrategy.indexName(
                newTable,
                index.columnNames,
                index.where,
            )

            // drop old index
            upQueries.push(this.dropIndexSql(newTable, index))
            downQueries.push(this.createIndexSql(newTable, index))

            // replace constraint name
            index.name = newIndexName

            // create new index
            upQueries.push(this.createIndexSql(newTable, index))
            downQueries.push(this.dropIndexSql(newTable, index))
        })

        await this.executeQueries(upQueries, downQueries)

        // rename old table and replace it in cached tabled;
        oldTable.name = newTable.name
        this.replaceCachedTable(oldTable, newTable)
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new column from the column in the table.
     */
    async addColumn(
        tableOrName: Table | string,
        column: TableColumn,
    ): Promise<void> {
        const table = InstanceChecker.isTable(tableOrName)
            ? tableOrName
            : await this.getCachedTable(tableOrName)
        const parsedTableName = this.driver.parseTableName(table)

        if (!parsedTableName.schema) {
            parsedTableName.schema = await this.getCurrentSchema()
        }

        const clonedTable = table.clone()
        const upQueries: Query[] = []
        const downQueries: Query[] = []

        upQueries.push(new Query(this.addColumnSql(table, column)))
        downQueries.push(new Query(this.dropColumnSql(table, column)))

        // create or update primary key constraint
        if (column.isPrimary) {
            const primaryColumns = clonedTable.primaryColumns
            // if table already have primary key, me must drop it and recreate again
            if (primaryColumns.length > 0) {
                // SAP HANA does not allow to drop PK's which is referenced by foreign keys.
                // To avoid this, we must drop all referential foreign keys and recreate them later
                const referencedForeignKeySql = `SELECT * FROM "SYS"."REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS" WHERE "REFERENCED_SCHEMA_NAME" = '${parsedTableName.schema}' AND "REFERENCED_TABLE_NAME" = '${parsedTableName.tableName}'`
                const dbForeignKeys: ObjectLiteral[] = await this.query(
                    referencedForeignKeySql,
                )
                let referencedForeignKeys: TableForeignKey[] = []
                const referencedForeignKeyTableMapping: {
                    tableName: string
                    fkName: string
                }[] = []
                if (dbForeignKeys.length > 0) {
                    referencedForeignKeys = dbForeignKeys.map(
                        (dbForeignKey) => {
                            const foreignKeys = dbForeignKeys.filter(
                                (dbFk) =>
                                    dbFk["CONSTRAINT_NAME"] ===
                                    dbForeignKey["CONSTRAINT_NAME"],
                            )

                            referencedForeignKeyTableMapping.push({
                                tableName: `${dbForeignKey["SCHEMA_NAME"]}.${dbForeignKey["TABLE_NAME"]}`,
                                fkName: dbForeignKey["CONSTRAINT_NAME"],
                            })
                            return new TableForeignKey({
                                name: dbForeignKey["CONSTRAINT_NAME"],
                                columnNames: foreignKeys.map(
                                    (dbFk) => dbFk["COLUMN_NAME"],
                                ),
                                referencedDatabase: table.database,
                                referencedSchema: table.schema,
                                referencedTableName: table.name,
                                referencedColumnNames: foreignKeys.map(
                                    (dbFk) => dbFk["REFERENCED_COLUMN_NAME"],
                                ),
                                onDelete:
                                    dbForeignKey["DELETE_RULE"] === "RESTRICT"
                                        ? "NO ACTION"
                                        : dbForeignKey["DELETE_RULE"],
                                onUpdate:
                                    dbForeignKey["UPDATE_RULE"] === "RESTRICT"
                                        ? "NO ACTION"
                                        : dbForeignKey["UPDATE_RULE"],
                                deferrable: dbForeignKey["CHECK_TIME"].replace(
                                    "_",
                                    " ",
                                ),
                            })
                        },
                    )

                    // drop referenced foreign keys
                    referencedForeignKeys.forEach((foreignKey) => {
                        const mapping = referencedForeignKeyTableMapping.find(
                            (it) => it.fkName === foreignKey.name,
                        )
                        upQueries.push(
                            this.dropForeignKeySql(
                                mapping!.tableName,
                                foreignKey,
                            ),
                        )
                        downQueries.push(
                            this.createForeignKeySql(
                                mapping!.tableName,
                                foreignKey,
                            ),
                        )
                    })
                }

                const pkName = this.connection.namingStrategy.primaryKeyName(
                    clonedTable,
                    primaryColumns.map((column) => column.name),
                )
                const columnNames = primaryColumns
                    .map((column) => `"${column.name}"`)
                    .join(", ")
                upQueries.push(
                    new Query(
                        `ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(
                            table,
                        )} DROP CONSTRAINT "${pkName}"`,
                    ),
                )
                downQueries.push(
                    new Query(
                        `ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(
                            table,
                        )} ADD CONSTRAINT "${pkName}" PRIMARY KEY (${columnNames})`,
                    ),
                )

                // restore referenced foreign keys
                referencedForeignKeys.forEach((foreignKey) => {
                    const mapping = referencedForeignKeyTableMapping.find(
                        (it) => it.fkName === foreignKey.name,
                    )
                    upQueries.push(
                        this.createForeignKeySql(
                            mapping!.tableName,
                            foreignKey,
                        ),
                    )
                    downQueries.push(
                        this.dropForeignKeySql(mapping!.tableName, foreignKey),
                    )
                })
            }

            primaryColumns.push(column)
            const pkName = this.connection.namingStrategy.primaryKeyName(
                clonedTable,
                primaryColumns.map((column) => column.name),
            )
            const columnNames = primaryColumns
                .map((column) => `"${column.name}"`)
                .join(", ")
            upQueries.push(
                new Query(
                    `ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(
                        table,
                    )} ADD CONSTRAINT "${pkName}" PRIMARY KEY (${columnNames})`,
                ),
            )
            downQueries.push(
                new Query(
                    `ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(
                        table,
                    )} DROP CONSTRAINT "${pkName}"`,
                ),
            )
        }

        // create column index
        const columnIndex = clonedTable.indices.find(
            (index) =>
                index.columnNames.length === 1 &&
                index.columnNames[0] === column.name,
        )
        if (columnIndex) {
            upQueries.push(this.createIndexSql(table, columnIndex))
            downQueries.push(this.dropIndexSql(table, columnIndex))
        } else if (column.isUnique) {
            const uniqueIndex = new TableIndex({
                name: this.connection.namingStrategy.indexName(table, [
                    column.name,
                ]),
                columnNames: [column.name],
                isUnique: true,
            })
            clonedTable.indices.push(uniqueIndex)
            clonedTable.uniques.push(
                new TableUnique({
                    name: uniqueIndex.name,
                    columnNames: uniqueIndex.columnNames,
                }),
            )
            upQueries.push(this.createIndexSql(table, uniqueIndex))
            downQueries.push(this.dropIndexSql(table, uniqueIndex))
        }

        await this.executeQueries(upQueries, downQueries)

        clonedTable.addColumn(column)
        this.replaceCachedTable(table, clonedTable)
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new columns from the column in the table.
     */
    async addColumns(
        tableOrName: Table | string,
        columns: TableColumn[],
    ): Promise<void> {
        for (const column of columns) {
            await this.addColumn(tableOrName, column)
        }
    }

    /**
     * Renames column in the given table.
     */
    async renameColumn(
        tableOrName: Table | string,
        oldTableColumnOrName: TableColumn | string,
        newTableColumnOrName: TableColumn | string,
    ): Promise<void> {
        const table = InstanceChecker.isTable(tableOrName)
            ? tableOrName
            : await this.getCachedTable(tableOrName)
        const oldColumn = InstanceChecker.isTableColumn(oldTableColumnOrName)
            ? oldTableColumnOrName
            : table.columns.find((c) => c.name === oldTableColumnOrName)
        if (!oldColumn)
            throw new TypeORMError(
                `Column "${oldTableColumnOrName}" was not found in the "${table.name}" table.`,
            )

        let newColumn: TableColumn | undefined = undefined
        if (InstanceChecker.isTableColumn(newTableColumnOrName)) {
            newColumn = newTableColumnOrName
        } else {
            newColumn = oldColumn.clone()
            newColumn.name = newTableColumnOrName
        }

        await this.changeColumn(table, oldColumn, newColumn)
    }

    /**
     * Changes a column in the table.
     */
    async changeColumn(
        tableOrName: Table | string,
        oldTableColumnOrName: TableColumn | string,
        newColumn: TableColumn,
    ): Promise<void> {
        const table = InstanceChecker.isTable(tableOrName)
            ? tableOrName
            : await this.getCachedTable(tableOrName)
        let clonedTable = table.clone()
        const upQueries: Query[] = []
        const downQueries: Query[] = []

        const oldColumn = InstanceChecker.isTableColumn(oldTableColumnOrName)
            ? oldTableColumnOrName
            : table.columns.find(
                  (column) => column.name === oldTableColumnOrName,
              )
        if (!oldColumn)
            throw new TypeORMError(
                `Column "${oldTableColumnOrName}" was not found in the "${table.name}" table.`,
            )

        if (
            (newColumn.isGenerated !== oldColumn.isGenerated &&
                newColumn.generationStrategy !== "uuid") ||
            newColumn.type !== oldColumn.type ||
            newColumn.length !== oldColumn.length
        ) {
            // SQL Server does not support changing of IDENTITY column, so we must drop column and recreate it again.
            // Also, we recreate column if column type changed
            await this.dropColumn(table, oldColumn)
            await this.addColumn(table, newColumn)

            // update cloned table
            clonedTable = table.clone()
        } else {
            if (newColumn.name !== oldColumn.name) {
                // rename column
                upQueries.push(
                    new Query(
                        `RENAME COLUMN ${this.escapePath(table)}."${
                            oldColumn.name
                        }" TO "${newColumn.name}"`,
                    ),
                )
                downQueries.push(
                    new Query(
                        `RENAME COLUMN ${this.escapePath(table)}."${
                            newColumn.name
                        }" TO "${oldColumn.name}"`,
                    ),
                )

                if (oldColumn.isPrimary === true) {
                    const primaryColumns = clonedTable.primaryColumns

                    // build old primary constraint name
                    const columnNames = primaryColumns.map(
                        (column) => column.name,
                    )
                    const oldPkName =
                        this.connection.namingStrategy.primaryKeyName(
                            clonedTable,
                            columnNames,
                        )

                    // replace old column name with new column name
                    columnNames.splice(columnNames.indexOf(oldColumn.name), 1)
                    columnNames.push(newColumn.name)
                    const columnNamesString = columnNames
                        .map((columnName) => `"${columnName}"`)
                        .join(", ")

                    // drop old PK
                    upQueries.push(
                        new Query(
                            `ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(
                                clonedTable,
                            )} DROP CONSTRAINT "${oldPkName}"`,
                        ),
                    )
                    downQueries.push(
                        new Query(
                            `ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(
                                clonedTable,
                            )} ADD CONSTRAINT "${oldPkName}" PRIMARY KEY (${columnNamesString})`,
                        ),
                    )

                    // build new primary constraint name
                    const newPkName =
                        this.connection.namingStrategy.primaryKeyName(
                            clonedTable,
                            columnNames,
                        )

                    // create new PK
                    upQueries.push(
                        new Query(
                            `ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(
                                clonedTable,
                            )} ADD CONSTRAINT "${newPkName}" PRIMARY KEY (${columnNamesString})`,
                        ),
                    )
                    downQueries.push(
                        new Query(
                            `ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(
                                clonedTable,
                            )} DROP CONSTRAINT "${newPkName}"`,
                        ),
                    )
                }

                // rename index constraints
                clonedTable.findColumnIndices(oldColumn).forEach((index) => {
                    // build new constraint name
                    index.columnNames.splice(
                        index.columnNames.indexOf(oldColumn.name),
                        1,
                    )
                    index.columnNames.push(newColumn.name)
                    const newIndexName =
                        this.connection.namingStrategy.indexName(
                            clonedTable,
                            index.columnNames,
                            index.where,
                        )

                    // drop old index
                    upQueries.push(this.dropIndexSql(clonedTable, index))
                    downQueries.push(this.createIndexSql(clonedTable, index))

                    // replace constraint name
                    index.name = newIndexName

                    // create new index
                    upQueries.push(this.createIndexSql(clonedTable, index))
                    downQueries.push(this.dropIndexSql(clonedTable, index))
                })

                // rename foreign key constraints
                clonedTable
                    .findColumnForeignKeys(oldColumn)
                    .forEach((foreignKey) => {
                        // build new constraint name
                        foreignKey.columnNames.splice(
                            foreignKey.columnNames.indexOf(oldColumn.name),
                            1,
                        )
                        foreignKey.columnNames.push(newColumn.name)
                        const newForeignKeyName =
                            this.connection.namingStrategy.foreignKeyName(
                                clonedTable,
                                foreignKey.columnNames,
                                this.getTablePath(foreignKey),
                                foreignKey.referencedColumnNames,
                            )

                        upQueries.push(
                            this.dropForeignKeySql(clonedTable, foreignKey),
                        )
                        downQueries.push(
                            this.createForeignKeySql(clonedTable, foreignKey),
                        )

                        // replace constraint name
                        foreignKey.name = newForeignKeyName

                        // create new FK's
                        upQueries.push(
                            this.createForeignKeySql(clonedTable, foreignKey),
                        )
                        downQueries.push(
                            this.dropForeignKeySql(clonedTable, foreignKey),
                        )
                    })

                // rename check constraints
                clonedTable.findColumnChecks(oldColumn).forEach((check) => {
                    // build new constraint name
                    check.columnNames!.splice(
                        check.columnNames!.indexOf(oldColumn.name),
                        1,
                    )
                    check.columnNames!.push(newColumn.name)
                    const newCheckName =
                        this.connection.namingStrategy.checkConstraintName(
                            clonedTable,
                            check.expression!,
                        )

                    upQueries.push(
                        this.dropCheckConstraintSql(clonedTable, check),
                    )
                    downQueries.push(
                        this.createCheckConstraintSql(clonedTable, check),
                    )

                    // replace constraint name
                    check.name = newCheckName

                    upQueries.push(
                        this.createCheckConstraintSql(clonedTable, check),
                    )
                    downQueries.push(
                        this.dropCheckConstraintSql(clonedTable, check),
                    )
                })

                // rename old column in the Table object
                const oldTableColumn = clonedTable.columns.find(
                    (column) => column.name === oldColumn.name,
                )
                clonedTable.columns[
                    clonedTable.columns.indexOf(oldTableColumn!)
                ].name = newColumn.name
                oldColumn.name = newColumn.name
            }

            if (this.isColumnChanged(oldColumn, newColumn, true)) {
                upQueries.push(
                    new Query(
                        `ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(
                            table,
                        )} ALTER (${this.buildCreateColumnSql(
                            newColumn,
                            !(
                                oldColumn.default === null ||
                                oldColumn.default === undefined
                            ),
                            !oldColumn.isNullable,
                        )})`,
                    ),
                )
                downQueries.push(
                    new Query(
                        `ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(
                            table,
                        )} ALTER (${this.buildCreateColumnSql(
                            oldColumn,
                            !(
                                newColumn.default === null ||
                                newColumn.default === undefined
                            ),
                            !newColumn.isNullable,
                        )})`,
                    ),
                )
            } else if (oldColumn.comment !== newColumn.comment) {
                upQueries.push(
                    new Query(
                        `COMMENT ON COLUMN ${this.escapePath(table)}."${
                            oldColumn.name
                        }" IS ${this.escapeComment(newColumn.comment)}`,
                    ),
                )
                downQueries.push(
                    new Query(
                        `COMMENT ON COLUMN ${this.escapePath(table)}."${
                            newColumn.name
                        }" IS ${this.escapeComment(oldColumn.comment)}`,
                    ),
                )
            }

            if (newColumn.isPrimary !== oldColumn.isPrimary) {
                const primaryColumns = clonedTable.primaryColumns

                // if primary column state changed, we must always drop existed constraint.
                if (primaryColumns.length > 0) {
                    const pkName =
                        this.connection.namingStrategy.primaryKeyName(
                            clonedTable,
                            primaryColumns.map((column) => column.name),
                        )
                    const columnNames = primaryColumns
                        .map((column) => `"${column.name}"`)
                        .join(", ")
                    upQueries.push(
                        new Query(
                            `ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(
                                table,
                            )} DROP CONSTRAINT "${pkName}"`,
                        ),
                    )
                    downQueries.push(
                        new Query(
                            `ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(
                                table,
                            )} ADD CONSTRAINT "${pkName}" PRIMARY KEY (${columnNames})`,
                        ),
                    )
                }

                if (newColumn.isPrimary === true) {
                    primaryColumns.push(newColumn)
                    // update column in table
                    const column = clonedTable.columns.find(
                        (column) => column.name === newColumn.name,
                    )
                    column!.isPrimary = true
                    const pkName =
                        this.connection.namingStrategy.primaryKeyName(
                            clonedTable,
                            primaryColumns.map((column) => column.name),
                        )
                    const columnNames = primaryColumns
                        .map((column) => `"${column.name}"`)
                        .join(", ")
                    upQueries.push(
                        new Query(
                            `ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(
                                table,
                            )} ADD CONSTRAINT "${pkName}" PRIMARY KEY (${columnNames})`,
                        ),
                    )
                    downQueries.push(
                        new Query(
                            `ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(
                                table,
                            )} DROP CONSTRAINT "${pkName}"`,
                        ),
                    )
                } else {
                    const primaryColumn = primaryColumns.find(
                        (c) => c.name === newColumn.name,
                    )
                    primaryColumns.splice(
                        primaryColumns.indexOf(primaryColumn!),
                        1,
                    )

                    // update column in table
                    const column = clonedTable.columns.find(
                        (column) => column.name === newColumn.name,
                    )
                    column!.isPrimary = false

                    // if we have another primary keys, we must recreate constraint.
                    if (primaryColumns.length > 0) {
                        const pkName =
                            this.connection.namingStrategy.primaryKeyName(
                                clonedTable,
                                primaryColumns.map((column) => column.name),
                            )
                        const columnNames = primaryColumns
                            .map((column) => `"${column.name}"`)
                            .join(", ")
                        upQueries.push(
                            new Query(
                                `ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(
                                    table,
                                )} ADD CONSTRAINT "${pkName}" PRIMARY KEY (${columnNames})`,
                            ),
                        )
                        downQueries.push(
                            new Query(
                                `ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(
                                    table,
                                )} DROP CONSTRAINT "${pkName}"`,
                            ),
                        )
                    }
                }
            }

            if (newColumn.isUnique !== oldColumn.isUnique) {
                if (newColumn.isUnique === true) {
                    const uniqueIndex = new TableIndex({
                        name: this.connection.namingStrategy.indexName(table, [
                            newColumn.name,
                        ]),
                        columnNames: [newColumn.name],
                        isUnique: true,
                    })
                    clonedTable.indices.push(uniqueIndex)
                    clonedTable.uniques.push(
                        new TableUnique({
                            name: uniqueIndex.name,
                            columnNames: uniqueIndex.columnNames,
                        }),
                    )
                    upQueries.push(this.createIndexSql(table, uniqueIndex))
                    downQueries.push(this.dropIndexSql(table, uniqueIndex))
                } else {
                    const uniqueIndex = clonedTable.indices.find((index) => {
                        return (
                            index.columnNames.length === 1 &&
                            index.isUnique === true &&
                            !!index.columnNames.find(
                                (columnName) => columnName === newColumn.name,
                            )
                        )
                    })
                    clonedTable.indices.splice(
                        clonedTable.indices.indexOf(uniqueIndex!),
                        1,
                    )

                    const tableUnique = clonedTable.uniques.find(
                        (unique) => unique.name === uniqueIndex!.name,
                    )
                    clonedTable.uniques.splice(
                        clonedTable.uniques.indexOf(tableUnique!),
                        1,
                    )

                    upQueries.push(this.dropIndexSql(table, uniqueIndex!))
                    downQueries.push(this.createIndexSql(table, uniqueIndex!))
                }
            }

            await this.executeQueries(upQueries, downQueries)
            this.replaceCachedTable(table, clonedTable)
        }
    }

    /**
     * Changes a column in the table.
     */
    async changeColumns(
        tableOrName: Table | string,
        changedColumns: { newColumn: TableColumn; oldColumn: TableColumn }[],
    ): Promise<void> {
        for (const { oldColumn, newColumn } of changedColumns) {
            await this.changeColumn(tableOrName, oldColumn, newColumn)
        }
    }

    /**
     * Drops column in the table.
     */
    async dropColumn(
        tableOrName: Table | string,
        columnOrName: TableColumn | string,
    ): Promise<void> {
        const table = InstanceChecker.isTable(tableOrName)
            ? tableOrName
            : await this.getCachedTable(tableOrName)
        const parsedTableName = this.driver.parseTableName(table)

        if (!parsedTableName.schema) {
            parsedTableName.schema = await this.getCurrentSchema()
        }

        const column = InstanceChecker.isTableColumn(columnOrName)
            ? columnOrName
            : table.findColumnByName(columnOrName)
        if (!column)
            throw new TypeORMError(
                `Column "${columnOrName}" was not found in table "${table.name}"`,
            )

        const clonedTable = table.clone()
        const upQueries: Query[] = []
        const downQueries: Query[] = []

        // drop primary key constraint
        if (column.isPrimary) {
            // SAP HANA does not allow to drop PK's which is referenced by foreign keys.
            // To avoid this, we must drop all referential foreign keys and recreate them later
            const referencedForeignKeySql = `SELECT * FROM "SYS"."REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS" WHERE "REFERENCED_SCHEMA_NAME" = '${parsedTableName.schema}' AND "REFERENCED_TABLE_NAME" = '${parsedTableName.tableName}'`
            const dbForeignKeys: ObjectLiteral[] = await this.query(
                referencedForeignKeySql,
            )
            let referencedForeignKeys: TableForeignKey[] = []
            const referencedForeignKeyTableMapping: {
                tableName: string
                fkName: string
            }[] = []
            if (dbForeignKeys.length > 0) {
                referencedForeignKeys = dbForeignKeys.map((dbForeignKey) => {
                    const foreignKeys = dbForeignKeys.filter(
                        (dbFk) =>
                            dbFk["CONSTRAINT_NAME"] ===
                            dbForeignKey["CONSTRAINT_NAME"],
                    )

                    referencedForeignKeyTableMapping.push({
                        tableName: `${dbForeignKey["SCHEMA_NAME"]}.${dbForeignKey["TABLE_NAME"]}`,
                        fkName: dbForeignKey["CONSTRAINT_NAME"],
                    })
                    return new TableForeignKey({
                        name: dbForeignKey["CONSTRAINT_NAME"],
                        columnNames: foreignKeys.map(
                            (dbFk) => dbFk["COLUMN_NAME"],
                        ),
                        referencedDatabase: table.database,
                        referencedSchema: table.schema,
                        referencedTableName: table.name,
                        referencedColumnNames: foreignKeys.map(
                            (dbFk) => dbFk["REFERENCED_COLUMN_NAME"],
                        ),
                        onDelete:
                            dbForeignKey["DELETE_RULE"] === "RESTRICT"
                                ? "NO ACTION"
                                : dbForeignKey["DELETE_RULE"],
                        onUpdate:
                            dbForeignKey["UPDATE_RULE"] === "RESTRICT"
                                ? "NO ACTION"
                                : dbForeignKey["UPDATE_RULE"],
                        deferrable: dbForeignKey["CHECK_TIME"].replace(
                            "_",
                            " ",
                        ),
                    })
                })

                // drop referenced foreign keys
                referencedForeignKeys.forEach((foreignKey) => {
                    const mapping = referencedForeignKeyTableMapping.find(
                        (it) => it.fkName === foreignKey.name,
                    )
                    upQueries.push(
                        this.dropForeignKeySql(mapping!.tableName, foreignKey),
                    )
                    downQueries.push(
                        this.createForeignKeySql(
                            mapping!.tableName,
                            foreignKey,
                        ),
                    )
                })
            }

            const pkName = this.connection.namingStrategy.primaryKeyName(
                clonedTable,
                clonedTable.primaryColumns.map((column) => column.name),
            )
            const columnNames = clonedTable.primaryColumns
                .map((primaryColumn) => `"${primaryColumn.name}"`)
                .join(", ")
            upQueries.push(
                new Query(
                    `ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(
                        clonedTable,
                    )} DROP CONSTRAINT "${pkName}"`,
                ),
            )
            downQueries.push(
                new Query(
                    `ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(
                        clonedTable,
                    )} ADD CONSTRAINT "${pkName}" PRIMARY KEY (${columnNames})`,
                ),
            )

            // update column in table
            const tableColumn = clonedTable.findColumnByName(column.name)
            tableColumn!.isPrimary = false

            // if primary key have multiple columns, we must recreate it without dropped column
            if (clonedTable.primaryColumns.length > 0) {
                const pkName = this.connection.namingStrategy.primaryKeyName(
                    clonedTable,
                    clonedTable.primaryColumns.map((column) => column.name),
                )
                const columnNames = clonedTable.primaryColumns
                    .map((primaryColumn) => `"${primaryColumn.name}"`)
                    .join(", ")
                upQueries.push(
                    new Query(
                        `ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(
                            clonedTable,
                        )} ADD CONSTRAINT "${pkName}" PRIMARY KEY (${columnNames})`,
                    ),
                )
                downQueries.push(
                    new Query(
                        `ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(
                            clonedTable,
                        )} DROP CONSTRAINT "${pkName}"`,
                    ),
                )
            }

            // restore referenced foreign keys
            referencedForeignKeys.forEach((foreignKey) => {
                const mapping = referencedForeignKeyTableMapping.find(
                    (it) => it.fkName === foreignKey.name,
                )
                upQueries.push(
                    this.createForeignKeySql(mapping!.tableName, foreignKey),
                )
                downQueries.push(
                    this.dropForeignKeySql(mapping!.tableName, foreignKey),
                )
            })
        }

        // drop column index
        const columnIndex = clonedTable.indices.find(
            (index) =>
                index.columnNames.length === 1 &&
                index.columnNames[0] === column.name,
        )
        if (columnIndex) {
            clonedTable.indices.splice(
                clonedTable.indices.indexOf(columnIndex),
                1,
            )
            upQueries.push(this.dropIndexSql(table, columnIndex))
            downQueries.push(this.createIndexSql(table, columnIndex))
        } else if (column.isUnique) {
            // we splice constraints both from table uniques and indices.
            const uniqueName =
                this.connection.namingStrategy.uniqueConstraintName(table, [
                    column.name,
                ])
            const foundUnique = clonedTable.uniques.find(
                (unique) => unique.name === uniqueName,
            )
            if (foundUnique) {
                clonedTable.uniques.splice(
                    clonedTable.uniques.indexOf(foundUnique),
                    1,
                )
                upQueries.push(this.dropIndexSql(table, uniqueName))
                downQueries.push(
                    new Query(
                        `CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "${uniqueName}" ON ${this.escapePath(
                            table,
                        )} ("${column.name}")`,
                    ),
                )
            }

            const indexName = this.connection.namingStrategy.indexName(table, [
                column.name,
            ])
            const foundIndex = clonedTable.indices.find(
                (index) => index.name === indexName,
            )
            if (foundIndex) {
                clonedTable.indices.splice(
                    clonedTable.indices.indexOf(foundIndex),
                    1,
                )
                upQueries.push(this.dropIndexSql(table, indexName))
                downQueries.push(
                    new Query(
                        `CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "${indexName}" ON ${this.escapePath(
                            table,
                        )} ("${column.name}")`,
                    ),
                )
            }
        }

        // drop column check
        const columnCheck = clonedTable.checks.find(
            (check) =>
                !!check.columnNames &&
                check.columnNames.length === 1 &&
                check.columnNames[0] === column.name,
        )
        if (columnCheck) {
            clonedTable.checks.splice(
                clonedTable.checks.indexOf(columnCheck),
                1,
            )
            upQueries.push(this.dropCheckConstraintSql(table, columnCheck))
            downQueries.push(this.createCheckConstraintSql(table, columnCheck))
        }

        upQueries.push(new Query(this.dropColumnSql(table, column)))
        downQueries.push(new Query(this.addColumnSql(table, column)))

        await this.executeQueries(upQueries, downQueries)

        clonedTable.removeColumn(column)
        this.replaceCachedTable(table, clonedTable)
    }

    /**
     * Drops the columns in the table.
     */
    async dropColumns(
        tableOrName: Table | string,
        columns: TableColumn[] | string[],
    ): Promise<void> {
        for (const column of columns) {
            await this.dropColumn(tableOrName, column)
        }
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new primary key.
     */
    async createPrimaryKey(
        tableOrName: Table | string,
        columnNames: string[],
    ): Promise<void> {
        const table = InstanceChecker.isTable(tableOrName)
            ? tableOrName
            : await this.getCachedTable(tableOrName)
        const clonedTable = table.clone()

        const up = this.createPrimaryKeySql(table, columnNames)

        // mark columns as primary, because dropPrimaryKeySql build constraint name from table primary column names.
        clonedTable.columns.forEach((column) => {
            if (columnNames.find((columnName) => columnName === column.name))
                column.isPrimary = true
        })
        const down = this.dropPrimaryKeySql(clonedTable)

        await this.executeQueries(up, down)
        this.replaceCachedTable(table, clonedTable)
    }

    /**
     * Updates composite primary keys.
     */
    async updatePrimaryKeys(
        tableOrName: Table | string,
        columns: TableColumn[],
    ): Promise<void> {
        const table = InstanceChecker.isTable(tableOrName)
            ? tableOrName
            : await this.getCachedTable(tableOrName)
        const parsedTableName = this.driver.parseTableName(table)

        if (!parsedTableName.schema) {
            parsedTableName.schema = await this.getCurrentSchema()
        }

        const clonedTable = table.clone()
        const columnNames = columns.map((column) => column.name)
        const upQueries: Query[] = []
        const downQueries: Query[] = []

        // SAP HANA does not allow to drop PK's which is referenced by foreign keys.
        // To avoid this, we must drop all referential foreign keys and recreate them later
        const referencedForeignKeySql = `SELECT * FROM "SYS"."REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS" WHERE "REFERENCED_SCHEMA_NAME" = '${parsedTableName.schema}' AND "REFERENCED_TABLE_NAME" = '${parsedTableName.tableName}'`
        const dbForeignKeys: ObjectLiteral[] = await this.query(
            referencedForeignKeySql,
        )
        let referencedForeignKeys: TableForeignKey[] = []
        const referencedForeignKeyTableMapping: {
            tableName: string
            fkName: string
        }[] = []
        if (dbForeignKeys.length > 0) {
            referencedForeignKeys = dbForeignKeys.map((dbForeignKey) => {
                const foreignKeys = dbForeignKeys.filter(
                    (dbFk) =>
                        dbFk["CONSTRAINT_NAME"] ===
                        dbForeignKey["CONSTRAINT_NAME"],
                )

                referencedForeignKeyTableMapping.push({
                    tableName: `${dbForeignKey["SCHEMA_NAME"]}.${dbForeignKey["TABLE_NAME"]}`,
                    fkName: dbForeignKey["CONSTRAINT_NAME"],
                })
                return new TableForeignKey({
                    name: dbForeignKey["CONSTRAINT_NAME"],
                    columnNames: foreignKeys.map((dbFk) => dbFk["COLUMN_NAME"]),
                    referencedDatabase: table.database,
                    referencedSchema: table.schema,
                    referencedTableName: table.name,
                    referencedColumnNames: foreignKeys.map(
                        (dbFk) => dbFk["REFERENCED_COLUMN_NAME"],
                    ),
                    onDelete:
                        dbForeignKey["DELETE_RULE"] === "RESTRICT"
                            ? "NO ACTION"
                            : dbForeignKey["DELETE_RULE"],
                    onUpdate:
                        dbForeignKey["UPDATE_RULE"] === "RESTRICT"
                            ? "NO ACTION"
                            : dbForeignKey["UPDATE_RULE"],
                    deferrable: dbForeignKey["CHECK_TIME"].replace("_", " "),
                })
            })

            // drop referenced foreign keys
            referencedForeignKeys.forEach((foreignKey) => {
                const mapping = referencedForeignKeyTableMapping.find(
                    (it) => it.fkName === foreignKey.name,
                )
                upQueries.push(
                    this.dropForeignKeySql(mapping!.tableName, foreignKey),
                )
                downQueries.push(
                    this.createForeignKeySql(mapping!.tableName, foreignKey),
                )
            })
        }

        // if table already have primary columns, we must drop them.
        const primaryColumns = clonedTable.primaryColumns
        if (primaryColumns.length > 0) {
            const pkName = this.connection.namingStrategy.primaryKeyName(
                clonedTable,
                primaryColumns.map((column) => column.name),
            )
            const columnNamesString = primaryColumns
                .map((column) => `"${column.name}"`)
                .join(", ")
            upQueries.push(
                new Query(
                    `ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(
                        table,
                    )} DROP CONSTRAINT "${pkName}"`,
                ),
            )
            downQueries.push(
                new Query(
                    `ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(
                        table,
                    )} ADD CONSTRAINT "${pkName}" PRIMARY KEY (${columnNamesString})`,
                ),
            )
        }

        // update columns in table.
        clonedTable.columns
            .filter((column) => columnNames.indexOf(column.name) !== -1)
            .forEach((column) => (column.isPrimary = true))

        const pkName = this.connection.namingStrategy.primaryKeyName(
            clonedTable,
            columnNames,
        )
        const columnNamesString = columnNames
            .map((columnName) => `"${columnName}"`)
            .join(", ")
        upQueries.push(
            new Query(
                `ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(
                    table,
                )} ADD CONSTRAINT "${pkName}" PRIMARY KEY (${columnNamesString})`,
            ),
        )
        downQueries.push(
            new Query(
                `ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(
                    table,
                )} DROP CONSTRAINT "${pkName}"`,
            ),
        )

        // restore referenced foreign keys
        referencedForeignKeys.forEach((foreignKey) => {
            const mapping = referencedForeignKeyTableMapping.find(
                (it) => it.fkName === foreignKey.name,
            )
            upQueries.push(
                this.createForeignKeySql(mapping!.tableName, foreignKey),
            )
            downQueries.push(
                this.dropForeignKeySql(mapping!.tableName, foreignKey),
            )
        })

        await this.executeQueries(upQueries, downQueries)
        this.replaceCachedTable(table, clonedTable)
    }

    /**
     * Drops a primary key.
     */
    async dropPrimaryKey(tableOrName: Table | string): Promise<void> {
        const table = InstanceChecker.isTable(tableOrName)
            ? tableOrName
            : await this.getCachedTable(tableOrName)
        const parsedTableName = this.driver.parseTableName(table)

        if (!parsedTableName.schema) {
            parsedTableName.schema = await this.getCurrentSchema()
        }

        const upQueries: Query[] = []
        const downQueries: Query[] = []

        // SAP HANA does not allow to drop PK's which is referenced by foreign keys.
        // To avoid this, we must drop all referential foreign keys and recreate them later
        const referencedForeignKeySql = `SELECT * FROM "SYS"."REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS" WHERE "REFERENCED_SCHEMA_NAME" = '${parsedTableName.schema}' AND "REFERENCED_TABLE_NAME" = '${parsedTableName.tableName}'`
        const dbForeignKeys: ObjectLiteral[] = await this.query(
            referencedForeignKeySql,
        )
        let referencedForeignKeys: TableForeignKey[] = []
        const referencedForeignKeyTableMapping: {
            tableName: string
            fkName: string
        }[] = []
        if (dbForeignKeys.length > 0) {
            referencedForeignKeys = dbForeignKeys.map((dbForeignKey) => {
                const foreignKeys = dbForeignKeys.filter(
                    (dbFk) =>
                        dbFk["CONSTRAINT_NAME"] ===
                        dbForeignKey["CONSTRAINT_NAME"],
                )

                referencedForeignKeyTableMapping.push({
                    tableName: `${dbForeignKey["SCHEMA_NAME"]}.${dbForeignKey["TABLE_NAME"]}`,
                    fkName: dbForeignKey["CONSTRAINT_NAME"],
                })
                return new TableForeignKey({
                    name: dbForeignKey["CONSTRAINT_NAME"],
                    columnNames: foreignKeys.map((dbFk) => dbFk["COLUMN_NAME"]),
                    referencedDatabase: table.database,
                    referencedSchema: table.schema,
                    referencedTableName: table.name,
                    referencedColumnNames: foreignKeys.map(
                        (dbFk) => dbFk["REFERENCED_COLUMN_NAME"],
                    ),
                    onDelete:
                        dbForeignKey["DELETE_RULE"] === "RESTRICT"
                            ? "NO ACTION"
                            : dbForeignKey["DELETE_RULE"],
                    onUpdate:
                        dbForeignKey["UPDATE_RULE"] === "RESTRICT"
                            ? "NO ACTION"
                            : dbForeignKey["UPDATE_RULE"],
                    deferrable: dbForeignKey["CHECK_TIME"].replace("_", " "),
                })
            })

            // drop referenced foreign keys
            referencedForeignKeys.forEach((foreignKey) => {
                const mapping = referencedForeignKeyTableMapping.find(
                    (it) => it.fkName === foreignKey.name,
                )
                upQueries.push(
                    this.dropForeignKeySql(mapping!.tableName, foreignKey),
                )
                downQueries.push(
                    this.createForeignKeySql(mapping!.tableName, foreignKey),
                )
            })
        }

        upQueries.push(this.dropPrimaryKeySql(table))
        downQueries.push(
            this.createPrimaryKeySql(
                table,
                table.primaryColumns.map((column) => column.name),
            ),
        )

        // restore referenced foreign keys
        referencedForeignKeys.forEach((foreignKey) => {
            const mapping = referencedForeignKeyTableMapping.find(
                (it) => it.fkName === foreignKey.name,
            )
            upQueries.push(
                this.createForeignKeySql(mapping!.tableName, foreignKey),
            )
            downQueries.push(
                this.dropForeignKeySql(mapping!.tableName, foreignKey),
            )
        })

        await this.executeQueries(upQueries, downQueries)
        table.primaryColumns.forEach((column) => {
            column.isPrimary = false
        })
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new unique constraint.
     */
    async createUniqueConstraint(
        tableOrName: Table | string,
        uniqueConstraint: TableUnique,
    ): Promise<void> {
        throw new TypeORMError(
            `SAP HANA does not support unique constraints. Use unique index instead.`,
        )
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new unique constraints.
     */
    async createUniqueConstraints(
        tableOrName: Table | string,
        uniqueConstraints: TableUnique[],
    ): Promise<void> {
        throw new TypeORMError(
            `SAP HANA does not support unique constraints. Use unique index instead.`,
        )
    }

    /**
     * Drops unique constraint.
     */
    async dropUniqueConstraint(
        tableOrName: Table | string,
        uniqueOrName: TableUnique | string,
    ): Promise<void> {
        throw new TypeORMError(
            `SAP HANA does not support unique constraints. Use unique index instead.`,
        )
    }

    /**
     * Drops an unique constraints.
     */
    async dropUniqueConstraints(
        tableOrName: Table | string,
        uniqueConstraints: TableUnique[],
    ): Promise<void> {
        throw new TypeORMError(
            `SAP HANA does not support unique constraints. Use unique index instead.`,
        )
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new check constraint.
     */
    async createCheckConstraint(
        tableOrName: Table | string,
        checkConstraint: TableCheck,
    ): Promise<void> {
        const table = InstanceChecker.isTable(tableOrName)
            ? tableOrName
            : await this.getCachedTable(tableOrName)

        // new unique constraint may be passed without name. In this case we generate unique name manually.
        if (!checkConstraint.name)
            checkConstraint.name =
                this.connection.namingStrategy.checkConstraintName(
                    table,
                    checkConstraint.expression!,
                )

        const up = this.createCheckConstraintSql(table, checkConstraint)
        const down = this.dropCheckConstraintSql(table, checkConstraint)
        await this.executeQueries(up, down)
        table.addCheckConstraint(checkConstraint)
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new check constraints.
     */
    async createCheckConstraints(
        tableOrName: Table | string,
        checkConstraints: TableCheck[],
    ): Promise<void> {
        const promises = checkConstraints.map((checkConstraint) =>
            this.createCheckConstraint(tableOrName, checkConstraint),
        )
        await Promise.all(promises)
    }

    /**
     * Drops check constraint.
     */
    async dropCheckConstraint(
        tableOrName: Table | string,
        checkOrName: TableCheck | string,
    ): Promise<void> {
        const table = InstanceChecker.isTable(tableOrName)
            ? tableOrName
            : await this.getCachedTable(tableOrName)
        const checkConstraint = InstanceChecker.isTableCheck(checkOrName)
            ? checkOrName
            : table.checks.find((c) => c.name === checkOrName)
        if (!checkConstraint)
            throw new TypeORMError(
                `Supplied check constraint was not found in table ${table.name}`,
            )

        const up = this.dropCheckConstraintSql(table, checkConstraint)
        const down = this.createCheckConstraintSql(table, checkConstraint)
        await this.executeQueries(up, down)
        table.removeCheckConstraint(checkConstraint)
    }

    /**
     * Drops check constraints.
     */
    async dropCheckConstraints(
        tableOrName: Table | string,
        checkConstraints: TableCheck[],
    ): Promise<void> {
        const promises = checkConstraints.map((checkConstraint) =>
            this.dropCheckConstraint(tableOrName, checkConstraint),
        )
        await Promise.all(promises)
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new exclusion constraint.
     */
    async createExclusionConstraint(
        tableOrName: Table | string,
        exclusionConstraint: TableExclusion,
    ): Promise<void> {
        throw new TypeORMError(
            `SAP HANA does not support exclusion constraints.`,
        )
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new exclusion constraints.
     */
    async createExclusionConstraints(
        tableOrName: Table | string,
        exclusionConstraints: TableExclusion[],
    ): Promise<void> {
        throw new TypeORMError(
            `SAP HANA does not support exclusion constraints.`,
        )
    }

    /**
     * Drops exclusion constraint.
     */
    async dropExclusionConstraint(
        tableOrName: Table | string,
        exclusionOrName: TableExclusion | string,
    ): Promise<void> {
        throw new TypeORMError(
            `SAP HANA does not support exclusion constraints.`,
        )
    }

    /**
     * Drops exclusion constraints.
     */
    async dropExclusionConstraints(
        tableOrName: Table | string,
        exclusionConstraints: TableExclusion[],
    ): Promise<void> {
        throw new TypeORMError(
            `SAP HANA does not support exclusion constraints.`,
        )
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new foreign key.
     */
    async createForeignKey(
        tableOrName: Table | string,
        foreignKey: TableForeignKey,
    ): Promise<void> {
        const table = InstanceChecker.isTable(tableOrName)
            ? tableOrName
            : await this.getCachedTable(tableOrName)

        // new FK may be passed without name. In this case we generate FK name manually.
        if (!foreignKey.name)
            foreignKey.name = this.connection.namingStrategy.foreignKeyName(
                table,
                foreignKey.columnNames,
                this.getTablePath(foreignKey),
                foreignKey.referencedColumnNames,
            )

        const up = this.createForeignKeySql(table, foreignKey)
        const down = this.dropForeignKeySql(table, foreignKey)
        await this.executeQueries(up, down)
        table.addForeignKey(foreignKey)
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new foreign keys.
     */
    async createForeignKeys(
        tableOrName: Table | string,
        foreignKeys: TableForeignKey[],
    ): Promise<void> {
        const promises = foreignKeys.map((foreignKey) =>
            this.createForeignKey(tableOrName, foreignKey),
        )
        await Promise.all(promises)
    }

    /**
     * Drops a foreign key from the table.
     */
    async dropForeignKey(
        tableOrName: Table | string,
        foreignKeyOrName: TableForeignKey | string,
    ): Promise<void> {
        const table = InstanceChecker.isTable(tableOrName)
            ? tableOrName
            : await this.getCachedTable(tableOrName)
        const foreignKey = InstanceChecker.isTableForeignKey(foreignKeyOrName)
            ? foreignKeyOrName
            : table.foreignKeys.find((fk) => fk.name === foreignKeyOrName)
        if (!foreignKey)
            throw new TypeORMError(
                `Supplied foreign key was not found in table ${table.name}`,
            )

        const up = this.dropForeignKeySql(table, foreignKey)
        const down = this.createForeignKeySql(table, foreignKey)
        await this.executeQueries(up, down)
        table.removeForeignKey(foreignKey)
    }

    /**
     * Drops a foreign keys from the table.
     */
    async dropForeignKeys(
        tableOrName: Table | string,
        foreignKeys: TableForeignKey[],
    ): Promise<void> {
        const promises = foreignKeys.map((foreignKey) =>
            this.dropForeignKey(tableOrName, foreignKey),
        )
        await Promise.all(promises)
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new index.
     */
    async createIndex(
        tableOrName: Table | string,
        index: TableIndex,
    ): Promise<void> {
        const table = InstanceChecker.isTable(tableOrName)
            ? tableOrName
            : await this.getCachedTable(tableOrName)

        // new index may be passed without name. In this case we generate index name manually.
        if (!index.name) index.name = this.generateIndexName(table, index)

        const up = this.createIndexSql(table, index)
        const down = this.dropIndexSql(table, index)
        await this.executeQueries(up, down)
        table.addIndex(index)
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new indices
     */
    async createIndices(
        tableOrName: Table | string,
        indices: TableIndex[],
    ): Promise<void> {
        const promises = indices.map((index) =>
            this.createIndex(tableOrName, index),
        )
        await Promise.all(promises)
    }

    /**
     * Drops an index.
     */
    async dropIndex(
        tableOrName: Table | string,
        indexOrName: TableIndex | string,
    ): Promise<void> {
        const table = InstanceChecker.isTable(tableOrName)
            ? tableOrName
            : await this.getCachedTable(tableOrName)
        const index = InstanceChecker.isTableIndex(indexOrName)
            ? indexOrName
            : table.indices.find((i) => i.name === indexOrName)
        if (!index)
            throw new TypeORMError(
                `Supplied index ${indexOrName} was not found in table ${table.name}`,
            )

        // old index may be passed without name. In this case we generate index name manually.
        if (!index.name) index.name = this.generateIndexName(table, index)

        const up = this.dropIndexSql(table, index)
        const down = this.createIndexSql(table, index)
        await this.executeQueries(up, down)
        table.removeIndex(index)
    }

    /**
     * Drops an indices from the table.
     */
    async dropIndices(
        tableOrName: Table | string,
        indices: TableIndex[],
    ): Promise<void> {
        const promises = indices.map((index) =>
            this.dropIndex(tableOrName, index),
        )
        await Promise.all(promises)
    }

    /**
     * Clears all table contents.
     * Note: this operation uses SQL's TRUNCATE query which cannot be reverted in transactions.
     */
    async clearTable(tablePath: string): Promise<void> {
        await this.query(`TRUNCATE TABLE ${this.escapePath(tablePath)}`)
    }

    /**
     * Removes all tables from the currently connected database.
     */
    async clearDatabase(): Promise<void> {
        const schemas: string[] = []
        this.connection.entityMetadatas
            .filter((metadata) => metadata.schema)
            .forEach((metadata) => {
                const isSchemaExist = !!schemas.find(
                    (schema) => schema === metadata.schema,
                )
                if (!isSchemaExist) schemas.push(metadata.schema!)
            })

        schemas.push(this.driver.options.schema || "current_schema")
        const schemaNamesString = schemas
            .map((name) => {
                return name === "current_schema" ? name : "'" + name + "'"
            })
            .join(", ")

        const isAnotherTransactionActive = this.isTransactionActive
        if (!isAnotherTransactionActive) await this.startTransaction()
        try {
            // const selectViewDropsQuery = `SELECT 'DROP VIEW IF EXISTS "' || schemaname || '"."' || viewname || '" CASCADE;' as "query" ` +
            //     `FROM "pg_views" WHERE "schemaname" IN (${schemaNamesString}) AND "viewname" NOT IN ('geography_columns', 'geometry_columns', 'raster_columns', 'raster_overviews')`;
            // const dropViewQueries: ObjectLiteral[] = await this.query(selectViewDropsQuery);
            // await Promise.all(dropViewQueries.map(q => this.query(q["query"])));

            // ignore spatial_ref_sys; it's a special table supporting PostGIS
            const selectTableDropsQuery = `SELECT 'DROP TABLE "' || schema_name || '"."' || table_name || '" CASCADE;' as "query" FROM "SYS"."TABLES" WHERE "SCHEMA_NAME" IN (${schemaNamesString}) AND "TABLE_NAME" NOT IN ('SYS_AFL_GENERATOR_PARAMETERS') AND "IS_COLUMN_TABLE" = 'TRUE'`
            const dropTableQueries: ObjectLiteral[] = await this.query(
                selectTableDropsQuery,
            )
            await Promise.all(
                dropTableQueries.map((q) => this.query(q["query"])),
            )

            if (!isAnotherTransactionActive) await this.commitTransaction()
        } catch (error) {
            try {
                // we throw original error even if rollback thrown an error
                if (!isAnotherTransactionActive)
                    await this.rollbackTransaction()
            } catch (rollbackError) {}
            throw error
        }
    }

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Protected Methods
    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------

    protected async loadViews(viewNames?: string[]): Promise<View[]> {
        const hasTable = await this.hasTable(this.getTypeormMetadataTableName())
        if (!hasTable) {
            return []
        }

        if (!viewNames) {
            viewNames = []
        }

        const currentDatabase = await this.getCurrentDatabase()
        const currentSchema = await this.getCurrentSchema()

        const viewsCondition = viewNames
            .map((viewName) => {
                let { schema, tableName: name } =
                    this.driver.parseTableName(viewName)

                if (!schema) {
                    schema = currentSchema
                }

                return `("t"."schema" = '${schema}' AND "t"."name" = '${name}')`
            })
            .join(" OR ")

        const query = `SELECT "t".* FROM ${this.escapePath(
            this.getTypeormMetadataTableName(),
        )} "t" WHERE "t"."type" = '${MetadataTableType.VIEW}' ${
            viewsCondition ? `AND (${viewsCondition})` : ""
        }`
        const dbViews = await this.query(query)
        return dbViews.map((dbView: any) => {
            const view = new View()
            const schema =
                dbView["schema"] === currentSchema &&
                !this.driver.options.schema
                    ? undefined
                    : dbView["schema"]
            view.database = currentDatabase
            view.schema = dbView["schema"]
            view.name = this.driver.buildTableName(dbView["name"], schema)
            view.expression = dbView["value"]
            return view
        })
    }

    /**
     * Loads all tables (with given names) from the database and creates a Table from them.
     */
    protected async loadTables(tableNames?: string[]): Promise<Table[]> {
        if (tableNames && tableNames.length === 0) {
            return []
        }

        const currentSchema = await this.getCurrentSchema()
        const currentDatabase = await this.getCurrentDatabase()

        const dbTables: { SCHEMA_NAME: string; TABLE_NAME: string }[] = []

        if (!tableNames) {
            const tablesSql = `SELECT "SCHEMA_NAME", "TABLE_NAME" FROM "SYS"."TABLES"`

            dbTables.push(...(await this.query(tablesSql)))
        } else {
            const tablesCondition = tableNames
                .map((tableName) => {
                    let [schema, name] = tableName.split(".")
                    if (!name) {
                        name = schema
                        schema = this.driver.options.schema || currentSchema
                    }
                    return `("SCHEMA_NAME" = '${schema}' AND "TABLE_NAME" = '${name}')`
                })
                .join(" OR ")

            const tablesSql =
                `SELECT "SCHEMA_NAME", "TABLE_NAME" FROM "SYS"."TABLES" WHERE ` +
                tablesCondition

            dbTables.push(...(await this.query(tablesSql)))
        }

        // if tables were not found in the db, no need to proceed
        if (dbTables.length === 0) return []

        const columnsCondition = dbTables
            .map(({ SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME }) => {
                return `("SCHEMA_NAME" = '${SCHEMA_NAME}' AND "TABLE_NAME" = '${TABLE_NAME}')`
            })
            .join(" OR ")
        const columnsSql =
            `SELECT * FROM "SYS"."TABLE_COLUMNS" WHERE ` +
            columnsCondition +
            ` ORDER BY "POSITION"`

        const constraintsCondition = dbTables
            .map(({ SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME }) => {
                return `("SCHEMA_NAME" = '${SCHEMA_NAME}' AND "TABLE_NAME" = '${TABLE_NAME}')`
            })
            .join(" OR ")
        const constraintsSql = `SELECT * FROM "SYS"."CONSTRAINTS" WHERE (${constraintsCondition}) ORDER BY "POSITION"`

        const indicesCondition = dbTables
            .map(({ SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME }) => {
                return `("I"."SCHEMA_NAME" = '${SCHEMA_NAME}' AND "I"."TABLE_NAME" = '${TABLE_NAME}')`
            })
            .join(" OR ")
        // excluding primary key and autogenerated fulltext indices
        const indicesSql =
            `SELECT "I"."INDEX_TYPE", "I"."SCHEMA_NAME", "I"."TABLE_NAME", "I"."INDEX_NAME", "IC"."COLUMN_NAME", "I"."CONSTRAINT" ` +
            `FROM "SYS"."INDEXES" "I" INNER JOIN "SYS"."INDEX_COLUMNS" "IC" ON "IC"."INDEX_OID" = "I"."INDEX_OID" ` +
            `WHERE (${indicesCondition}) AND ("I"."CONSTRAINT" IS NULL OR "I"."CONSTRAINT" != 'PRIMARY KEY') AND "I"."INDEX_NAME" NOT LIKE '%_SYS_FULLTEXT_%' ORDER BY "IC"."POSITION"`

        const foreignKeysCondition = dbTables
            .map(({ SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME }) => {
                return `("SCHEMA_NAME" = '${SCHEMA_NAME}' AND "TABLE_NAME" = '${TABLE_NAME}')`
            })
            .join(" OR ")
        const foreignKeysSql = `SELECT * FROM "SYS"."REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS" WHERE (${foreignKeysCondition}) ORDER BY "POSITION"`
        const [
            dbColumns,
            dbConstraints,
            dbIndices,
            dbForeignKeys,
        ]: ObjectLiteral[][] = await Promise.all([
            this.query(columnsSql),
            this.query(constraintsSql),
            this.query(indicesSql),
            this.query(foreignKeysSql),
        ])

        // create tables for loaded tables
        return dbTables.map((dbTable) => {
            const table = new Table()
            const getSchemaFromKey = (dbObject: any, key: string) => {
                return dbObject[key] === currentSchema &&
                    (!this.driver.options.schema ||
                        this.driver.options.schema === currentSchema)
                    ? undefined
                    : dbObject[key]
            }

            // We do not need to join schema name, when database is by default.
            const schema = getSchemaFromKey(dbTable, "SCHEMA_NAME")
            table.database = currentDatabase
            table.schema = dbTable["SCHEMA_NAME"]
            table.name = this.driver.buildTableName(
                dbTable["TABLE_NAME"],
                schema,
            )

            // create columns from the loaded columns
            table.columns = dbColumns
                .filter(
                    (dbColumn) =>
                        dbColumn["TABLE_NAME"] === dbTable["TABLE_NAME"] &&
                        dbColumn["SCHEMA_NAME"] === dbTable["SCHEMA_NAME"],
                )
                .map((dbColumn) => {
                    const columnConstraints = dbConstraints.filter(
                        (dbConstraint) =>
                            dbConstraint["TABLE_NAME"] ===
                                dbColumn["TABLE_NAME"] &&
                            dbConstraint["SCHEMA_NAME"] ===
                                dbColumn["SCHEMA_NAME"] &&
                            dbConstraint["COLUMN_NAME"] ===
                                dbColumn["COLUMN_NAME"],
                    )

                    const columnUniqueIndices = dbIndices.filter((dbIndex) => {
                        return (
                            dbIndex["TABLE_NAME"] === dbTable["TABLE_NAME"] &&
                            dbIndex["SCHEMA_NAME"] === dbTable["SCHEMA_NAME"] &&
                            dbIndex["COLUMN_NAME"] ===
                                dbColumn["COLUMN_NAME"] &&
                            dbIndex["CONSTRAINT"] &&
                            dbIndex["CONSTRAINT"].indexOf("UNIQUE") !== -1
                        )
                    })

                    const tableMetadata = this.connection.entityMetadatas.find(
                        (metadata) =>
                            this.getTablePath(table) ===
                            this.getTablePath(metadata),
                    )
                    const hasIgnoredIndex =
                        columnUniqueIndices.length > 0 &&
                        tableMetadata &&
                        tableMetadata.indices.some((index) => {
                            return columnUniqueIndices.some((uniqueIndex) => {
                                return (
                                    index.name === uniqueIndex["INDEX_NAME"] &&
                                    index.synchronize === false
                                )
                            })
                        })

                    const isConstraintComposite = columnUniqueIndices.every(
                        (uniqueIndex) => {
                            return dbIndices.some(
                                (dbIndex) =>
                                    dbIndex["INDEX_NAME"] ===
                                        uniqueIndex["INDEX_NAME"] &&
                                    dbIndex["COLUMN_NAME"] !==
                                        dbColumn["COLUMN_NAME"],
                            )
                        },
                    )

                    const tableColumn = new TableColumn()
                    tableColumn.name = dbColumn["COLUMN_NAME"]
                    tableColumn.type = dbColumn["DATA_TYPE_NAME"].toLowerCase()

                    if (
                        tableColumn.type === "dec" ||
                        tableColumn.type === "decimal"
                    ) {
                        // If one of these properties was set, and another was not, Postgres sets '0' in to unspecified property
                        // we set 'undefined' in to unspecified property to avoid changing column on sync
                        if (
                            dbColumn["LENGTH"] !== null &&
                            !this.isDefaultColumnPrecision(
                                table,
                                tableColumn,
                                dbColumn["LENGTH"],
                            )
                        ) {
                            tableColumn.precision = dbColumn["LENGTH"]
                        } else if (
                            dbColumn["SCALE"] !== null &&
                            !this.isDefaultColumnScale(
                                table,
                                tableColumn,
                                dbColumn["SCALE"],
                            )
                        ) {
                            tableColumn.precision = undefined
                        }
                        if (
                            dbColumn["SCALE"] !== null &&
                            !this.isDefaultColumnScale(
                                table,
                                tableColumn,
                                dbColumn["SCALE"],
                            )
                        ) {
                            tableColumn.scale = dbColumn["SCALE"]
                        } else if (
                            dbColumn["LENGTH"] !== null &&
                            !this.isDefaultColumnPrecision(
                                table,
                                tableColumn,
                                dbColumn["LENGTH"],
                            )
                        ) {
                            tableColumn.scale = undefined
                        }
                    }

                    if (dbColumn["DATA_TYPE_NAME"].toLowerCase() === "array") {
                        tableColumn.isArray = true
                        tableColumn.type =
                            dbColumn["CS_DATA_TYPE_NAME"].toLowerCase()
                    }

                    // check only columns that have length property
                    if (
                        this.driver.withLengthColumnTypes.indexOf(
                            tableColumn.type as ColumnType,
                        ) !== -1 &&
                        dbColumn["LENGTH"]
                    ) {
                        const length = dbColumn["LENGTH"].toString()
                        tableColumn.length = !this.isDefaultColumnLength(
                            table,
                            tableColumn,
                            length,
                        )
                            ? length
                            : ""
                    }
                    tableColumn.isUnique =
                        columnUniqueIndices.length > 0 &&
                        !hasIgnoredIndex &&
                        !isConstraintComposite
                    tableColumn.isNullable = dbColumn["IS_NULLABLE"] === "TRUE"
                    tableColumn.isPrimary = !!columnConstraints.find(
                        (constraint) => constraint["IS_PRIMARY_KEY"] === "TRUE",
                    )
                    tableColumn.isGenerated =
                        dbColumn["GENERATION_TYPE"] === "ALWAYS AS IDENTITY"
                    if (tableColumn.isGenerated)
                        tableColumn.generationStrategy = "increment"

                    if (
                        dbColumn["DEFAULT_VALUE"] === null ||
                        dbColumn["DEFAULT_VALUE"] === undefined
                    ) {
                        tableColumn.default = undefined
                    } else {
                        if (
                            tableColumn.type === "char" ||
                            tableColumn.type === "nchar" ||
                            tableColumn.type === "varchar" ||
                            tableColumn.type === "nvarchar" ||
                            tableColumn.type === "alphanum" ||
                            tableColumn.type === "shorttext"
                        ) {
                            tableColumn.default = `'${dbColumn["DEFAULT_VALUE"]}'`
                        } else if (tableColumn.type === "boolean") {
                            tableColumn.default =
                                dbColumn["DEFAULT_VALUE"] === "1"
                                    ? "true"
                                    : "false"
                        } else {
                            tableColumn.default = dbColumn["DEFAULT_VALUE"]
                        }
                    }
                    if (dbColumn["COMMENTS"]) {
                        tableColumn.comment = dbColumn["COMMENTS"]
                    }
                    return tableColumn
                })

            // find check constraints of table, group them by constraint name and build TableCheck.
            const tableCheckConstraints = OrmUtils.uniq(
                dbConstraints.filter(
                    (dbConstraint) =>
                        dbConstraint["TABLE_NAME"] === dbTable["TABLE_NAME"] &&
                        dbConstraint["SCHEMA_NAME"] ===
                            dbTable["SCHEMA_NAME"] &&
                        dbConstraint["CHECK_CONDITION"] !== null &&
                        dbConstraint["CHECK_CONDITION"] !== undefined,
                ),
                (dbConstraint) => dbConstraint["CONSTRAINT_NAME"],
            )

            table.checks = tableCheckConstraints.map((constraint) => {
                const checks = dbConstraints.filter(
                    (dbC) =>
                        dbC["CONSTRAINT_NAME"] ===
                        constraint["CONSTRAINT_NAME"],
                )
                return new TableCheck({
                    name: constraint["CONSTRAINT_NAME"],
                    columnNames: checks.map((c) => c["COLUMN_NAME"]),
                    expression: constraint["CHECK_CONDITION"],
                })
            })

            // find foreign key constraints of table, group them by constraint name and build TableForeignKey.
            const tableForeignKeyConstraints = OrmUtils.uniq(
                dbForeignKeys.filter(
                    (dbForeignKey) =>
                        dbForeignKey["TABLE_NAME"] === dbTable["TABLE_NAME"] &&
                        dbForeignKey["SCHEMA_NAME"] === dbTable["SCHEMA_NAME"],
                ),
                (dbForeignKey) => dbForeignKey["CONSTRAINT_NAME"],
            )

            table.foreignKeys = tableForeignKeyConstraints.map(
                (dbForeignKey) => {
                    const foreignKeys = dbForeignKeys.filter(
                        (dbFk) =>
                            dbFk["CONSTRAINT_NAME"] ===
                            dbForeignKey["CONSTRAINT_NAME"],
                    )

                    // if referenced table located in currently used schema, we don't need to concat schema name to table name.
                    const schema = getSchemaFromKey(
                        dbForeignKey,
                        "REFERENCED_SCHEMA_NAME",
                    )
                    const referencedTableName = this.driver.buildTableName(
                        dbForeignKey["REFERENCED_TABLE_NAME"],
                        schema,
                    )

                    return new TableForeignKey({
                        name: dbForeignKey["CONSTRAINT_NAME"],
                        columnNames: foreignKeys.map(
                            (dbFk) => dbFk["COLUMN_NAME"],
                        ),
                        referencedDatabase: table.database,
                        referencedSchema:
                            dbForeignKey["REFERENCED_SCHEMA_NAME"],
                        referencedTableName: referencedTableName,
                        referencedColumnNames: foreignKeys.map(
                            (dbFk) => dbFk["REFERENCED_COLUMN_NAME"],
                        ),
                        onDelete:
                            dbForeignKey["DELETE_RULE"] === "RESTRICT"
                                ? "NO ACTION"
                                : dbForeignKey["DELETE_RULE"],
                        onUpdate:
                            dbForeignKey["UPDATE_RULE"] === "RESTRICT"
                                ? "NO ACTION"
                                : dbForeignKey["UPDATE_RULE"],
                        deferrable: dbForeignKey["CHECK_TIME"].replace(
                            "_",
                            " ",
                        ),
                    })
                },
            )

            // find index constraints of table, group them by constraint name and build TableIndex.
            const tableIndexConstraints = OrmUtils.uniq(
                dbIndices.filter(
                    (dbIndex) =>
                        dbIndex["TABLE_NAME"] === dbTable["TABLE_NAME"] &&
                        dbIndex["SCHEMA_NAME"] === dbTable["SCHEMA_NAME"],
                ),
                (dbIndex) => dbIndex["INDEX_NAME"],
            )

            table.indices = tableIndexConstraints.map((constraint) => {
                const indices = dbIndices.filter((index) => {
                    return (
                        index["SCHEMA_NAME"] === constraint["SCHEMA_NAME"] &&
                        index["TABLE_NAME"] === constraint["TABLE_NAME"] &&
                        index["INDEX_NAME"] === constraint["INDEX_NAME"]
                    )
                })
                return new TableIndex(<TableIndexOptions>{
                    table: table,
                    name: constraint["INDEX_NAME"],
                    columnNames: indices.map((i) => i["COLUMN_NAME"]),
                    isUnique:
                        constraint["CONSTRAINT"] &&
                        constraint["CONSTRAINT"].indexOf("UNIQUE") !== -1,
                    isFulltext: constraint["INDEX_TYPE"] === "FULLTEXT",
                })
            })

            return table
        })
    }

    /**
     * Builds and returns SQL for create table.
     */
    protected createTableSql(table: Table, createForeignKeys?: boolean): Query {
        const columnDefinitions = table.columns
            .map((column) => this.buildCreateColumnSql(column))
            .join(", ")
        let sql = `CREATE TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} (${columnDefinitions}`

        // we create unique indexes instead of unique constraints, because SAP HANA does not have unique constraints.
        // if we mark column as Unique, it means that we create UNIQUE INDEX.
        table.columns
            .filter((column) => column.isUnique)
            .forEach((column) => {
                const isUniqueIndexExist = table.indices.some((index) => {
                    return (
                        index.columnNames.length === 1 &&
                        !!index.isUnique &&
                        index.columnNames.indexOf(column.name) !== -1
                    )
                })
                const isUniqueConstraintExist = table.uniques.some((unique) => {
                    return (
                        unique.columnNames.length === 1 &&
                        unique.columnNames.indexOf(column.name) !== -1
                    )
                })
                if (!isUniqueIndexExist && !isUniqueConstraintExist)
                    table.indices.push(
                        new TableIndex({
                            name: this.connection.namingStrategy.uniqueConstraintName(
                                table,
                                [column.name],
                            ),
                            columnNames: [column.name],
                            isUnique: true,
                        }),
                    )
            })

        // as SAP HANA does not have unique constraints, we must create table indices from table uniques and mark them as unique.
        if (table.uniques.length > 0) {
            table.uniques.forEach((unique) => {
                const uniqueExist = table.indices.some(
                    (index) => index.name === unique.name,
                )
                if (!uniqueExist) {
                    table.indices.push(
                        new TableIndex({
                            name: unique.name,
                            columnNames: unique.columnNames,
                            isUnique: true,
                        }),
                    )
                }
            })
        }

        if (table.checks.length > 0) {
            const checksSql = table.checks
                .map((check) => {
                    const checkName = check.name
                        ? check.name
                        : this.connection.namingStrategy.checkConstraintName(
                              table,
                              check.expression!,
                          )
                    return `CONSTRAINT "${checkName}" CHECK (${check.expression})`
                })
                .join(", ")

            sql += `, ${checksSql}`
        }

        if (table.foreignKeys.length > 0 && createForeignKeys) {
            const foreignKeysSql = table.foreignKeys
                .map((fk) => {
                    const columnNames = fk.columnNames
                        .map((columnName) => `"${columnName}"`)
                        .join(", ")
                    if (!fk.name)
                        fk.name = this.connection.namingStrategy.foreignKeyName(
                            table,
                            fk.columnNames,
                            this.getTablePath(fk),
                            fk.referencedColumnNames,
                        )
                    const referencedColumnNames = fk.referencedColumnNames
                        .map((columnName) => `"${columnName}"`)
                        .join(", ")

                    let constraint = `CONSTRAINT "${
                        fk.name
                    }" FOREIGN KEY (${columnNames}) REFERENCES ${this.escapePath(
                        this.getTablePath(fk),
                    )} (${referencedColumnNames})`
                    // SAP HANA does not have "NO ACTION" option for FK's
                    if (fk.onDelete) {
                        const onDelete =
                            fk.onDelete === "NO ACTION"
                                ? "RESTRICT"
                                : fk.onDelete
                        constraint += ` ON DELETE ${onDelete}`
                    }
                    if (fk.onUpdate) {
                        const onUpdate =
                            fk.onUpdate === "NO ACTION"
                                ? "RESTRICT"
                                : fk.onUpdate
                        constraint += ` ON UPDATE ${onUpdate}`
                    }
                    if (fk.deferrable) {
                        constraint += ` ${fk.deferrable}`
                    }

                    return constraint
                })
                .join(", ")

            sql += `, ${foreignKeysSql}`
        }

        const primaryColumns = table.columns.filter(
            (column) => column.isPrimary,
        )
        if (primaryColumns.length > 0) {
            const primaryKeyName =
                this.connection.namingStrategy.primaryKeyName(
                    table,
                    primaryColumns.map((column) => column.name),
                )
            const columnNames = primaryColumns
                .map((column) => `"${column.name}"`)
                .join(", ")
            sql += `, CONSTRAINT "${primaryKeyName}" PRIMARY KEY (${columnNames})`
        }

        sql += `)`

        return new Query(sql)
    }

    /**
     * Builds drop table sql.
     */
    protected dropTableSql(
        tableOrName: Table | string,
        ifExist?: boolean,
    ): Query {
        const query = ifExist
            ? `DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ${this.escapePath(tableOrName)}`
            : `DROP TABLE ${this.escapePath(tableOrName)}`
        return new Query(query)
    }

    protected createViewSql(view: View): Query {
        if (typeof view.expression === "string") {
            return new Query(
                `CREATE VIEW ${this.escapePath(view)} AS ${view.expression}`,
            )
        } else {
            return new Query(
                `CREATE VIEW ${this.escapePath(view)} AS ${view
                    .expression(this.connection)
                    .getQuery()}`,
            )
        }
    }

    protected async insertViewDefinitionSql(view: View): Promise<Query> {
        let { schema, tableName: name } = this.driver.parseTableName(view)

        if (!schema) {
            schema = await this.getCurrentSchema()
        }

        const expression =
            typeof view.expression === "string"
                ? view.expression.trim()
                : view.expression(this.connection).getQuery()
        return this.insertTypeormMetadataSql({
            type: MetadataTableType.VIEW,
            schema: schema,
            name: name,
            value: expression,
        })
    }

    /**
     * Builds drop view sql.
     */
    protected dropViewSql(viewOrPath: View | string): Query {
        return new Query(`DROP VIEW ${this.escapePath(viewOrPath)}`)
    }

    /**
     * Builds remove view sql.
     */
    protected async deleteViewDefinitionSql(
        viewOrPath: View | string,
    ): Promise<Query> {
        let { schema, tableName: name } = this.driver.parseTableName(viewOrPath)

        if (!schema) {
            schema = await this.getCurrentSchema()
        }

        return this.deleteTypeormMetadataSql({
            type: MetadataTableType.VIEW,
            schema,
            name,
        })
    }

    protected addColumnSql(table: Table, column: TableColumn): string {
        return `ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(
            table,
        )} ADD (${this.buildCreateColumnSql(column)})`
    }

    protected dropColumnSql(table: Table, column: TableColumn): string {
        return `ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} DROP ("${column.name}")`
    }

    /**
     * Builds create index sql.
     */
    protected createIndexSql(table: Table, index: TableIndex): Query {
        const columns = index.columnNames
            .map((columnName) => `"${columnName}"`)
            .join(", ")
        let indexType = ""
        if (index.isUnique) {
            indexType += "UNIQUE "
        }
        if (index.isFulltext && this.driver.isFullTextColumnTypeSupported()) {
            indexType += "FULLTEXT "
        }

        return new Query(
            `CREATE ${indexType}INDEX "${index.name}" ON ${this.escapePath(
                table,
            )} (${columns}) ${index.where ? "WHERE " + index.where : ""}`,
        )
    }

    /**
     * Builds drop index sql.
     */
    protected dropIndexSql(
        table: Table,
        indexOrName: TableIndex | string,
    ): Query {
        const indexName = InstanceChecker.isTableIndex(indexOrName)
            ? indexOrName.name
            : indexOrName
        const parsedTableName = this.driver.parseTableName(table)

        if (!parsedTableName.schema) {
            return new Query(`DROP INDEX "${indexName}"`)
        } else {
            return new Query(
                `DROP INDEX "${parsedTableName.schema}"."${indexName}"`,
            )
        }
    }

    /**
     * Builds create primary key sql.
     */
    protected createPrimaryKeySql(table: Table, columnNames: string[]): Query {
        const primaryKeyName = this.connection.namingStrategy.primaryKeyName(
            table,
            columnNames,
        )
        const columnNamesString = columnNames
            .map((columnName) => `"${columnName}"`)
            .join(", ")
        return new Query(
            `ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(
                table,
            )} ADD CONSTRAINT "${primaryKeyName}" PRIMARY KEY (${columnNamesString})`,
        )
    }

    /**
     * Builds drop primary key sql.
     */
    protected dropPrimaryKeySql(table: Table): Query {
        const columnNames = table.primaryColumns.map((column) => column.name)
        const primaryKeyName = this.connection.namingStrategy.primaryKeyName(
            table,
            columnNames,
        )
        return new Query(
            `ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(
                table,
            )} DROP CONSTRAINT "${primaryKeyName}"`,
        )
    }

    /**
     * Builds create check constraint sql.
     */
    protected createCheckConstraintSql(
        table: Table,
        checkConstraint: TableCheck,
    ): Query {
        return new Query(
            `ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} ADD CONSTRAINT "${
                checkConstraint.name
            }" CHECK (${checkConstraint.expression})`,
        )
    }

    /**
     * Builds drop check constraint sql.
     */
    protected dropCheckConstraintSql(
        table: Table,
        checkOrName: TableCheck | string,
    ): Query {
        const checkName = InstanceChecker.isTableCheck(checkOrName)
            ? checkOrName.name
            : checkOrName
        return new Query(
            `ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(
                table,
            )} DROP CONSTRAINT "${checkName}"`,
        )
    }

    /**
     * Builds create foreign key sql.
     */
    protected createForeignKeySql(
        tableOrName: Table | string,
        foreignKey: TableForeignKey,
    ): Query {
        const columnNames = foreignKey.columnNames
            .map((column) => `"` + column + `"`)
            .join(", ")
        const referencedColumnNames = foreignKey.referencedColumnNames
            .map((column) => `"` + column + `"`)
            .join(",")
        let sql =
            `ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(tableOrName)} ADD CONSTRAINT "${
                foreignKey.name
            }" FOREIGN KEY (${columnNames}) ` +
            `REFERENCES ${this.escapePath(
                this.getTablePath(foreignKey),
            )}(${referencedColumnNames})`

        // SAP HANA does not have "NO ACTION" option for FK's
        if (foreignKey.onDelete) {
            const onDelete =
                foreignKey.onDelete === "NO ACTION"
                    ? "RESTRICT"
                    : foreignKey.onDelete
            sql += ` ON DELETE ${onDelete}`
        }
        if (foreignKey.onUpdate) {
            const onUpdate =
                foreignKey.onUpdate === "NO ACTION"
                    ? "RESTRICT"
                    : foreignKey.onUpdate
            sql += ` ON UPDATE ${onUpdate}`
        }

        if (foreignKey.deferrable) {
            sql += ` ${foreignKey.deferrable}`
        }

        return new Query(sql)
    }

    /**
     * Builds drop foreign key sql.
     */
    protected dropForeignKeySql(
        tableOrName: Table | string,
        foreignKeyOrName: TableForeignKey | string,
    ): Query {
        const foreignKeyName = InstanceChecker.isTableForeignKey(
            foreignKeyOrName,
        )
            ? foreignKeyOrName.name
            : foreignKeyOrName
        return new Query(
            `ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(
                tableOrName,
            )} DROP CONSTRAINT "${foreignKeyName}"`,
        )
    }

    /**
     * Escapes a given comment so it's safe to include in a query.
     */
    protected escapeComment(comment?: string) {
        if (!comment) {
            return "NULL"
        }

        comment = comment.replace(/'/g, "''").replace(/\u0000/g, "") // Null bytes aren't allowed in comments

        return `'${comment}'`
    }

    /**
     * Escapes given table or view path.
     */
    protected escapePath(target: Table | View | string): string {
        const { schema, tableName } = this.driver.parseTableName(target)

        if (schema) {
            return `"${schema}"."${tableName}"`
        }

        return `"${tableName}"`
    }

    /**
     * Builds a query for create column.
     */
    protected buildCreateColumnSql(
        column: TableColumn,
        explicitDefault?: boolean,
        explicitNullable?: boolean,
    ) {
        let c =
            `"${column.name}" ` + this.connection.driver.createFullType(column)
        if (column.default !== undefined && column.default !== null) {
            c += " DEFAULT " + column.default
        } else if (explicitDefault) {
            c += " DEFAULT NULL"
        }
        if (!column.isGenerated) {
            // NOT NULL is not supported with GENERATED
            if (column.isNullable !== true) c += " NOT NULL"
            else if (explicitNullable) c += " NULL"
        }
        if (
            column.isGenerated === true &&
            column.generationStrategy === "increment"
        ) {
            c += " GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY"
        }
        if (column.comment) {
            c += ` COMMENT ${this.escapeComment(column.comment)}`
        }

        return c
    }

    /**
     * Change table comment.
     */
    changeTableComment(
        tableOrName: Table | string,
        comment?: string,
    ): Promise<void> {
        throw new TypeORMError(
            `spa driver does not support change table comment.`,
        )
    }
}

typeorm / typeorm / 16010787164

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