12931924536

Committed 23 Jan 2025 03:00PM UTC coverage: 91.249% (+0.05%) from 91.202%

Build # 12931924536

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push

github

Committed by

arckoor

Commit Message

Add IPAddrBlock and ASIdentifiers extensions (RFC 3779)

Co-authored-by: butteronarchbtw <152636161+butteronarchbtw@users.noreply.github.com>

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96.03

/src/tests/unit_x509.cpp

/*
* (C) 2009,2019 Jack Lloyd
* (C) 2016 René Korthaus, Rohde & Schwarz Cybersecurity
* (C) 2024 Anton Einax, Dominik Schricker
*
* Botan is released under the Simplified BSD License (see license.txt)
*/

#include "tests.h"

#if defined(BOTAN_HAS_X509_CERTIFICATES)
   #include <botan/ber_dec.h>
   #include <botan/der_enc.h>
   #include <botan/pk_algs.h>
   #include <botan/pkcs10.h>
   #include <botan/pkcs8.h>
   #include <botan/x509_ca.h>
   #include <botan/x509_ext.h>
   #include <botan/x509path.h>
   #include <botan/x509self.h>
   #include <botan/internal/calendar.h>
#endif

namespace Botan_Tests {

namespace {

#if defined(BOTAN_HAS_X509_CERTIFICATES)

Botan::X509_Time from_date(const int y, const int m, const int d) {
   const size_t this_year = Botan::calendar_point(std::chrono::system_clock::now()).year();

   Botan::calendar_point t(static_cast<uint32_t>(this_year + y), m, d, 0, 0, 0);
   return Botan::X509_Time(t.to_std_timepoint());
}

/* Return some option sets */
Botan::X509_Cert_Options ca_opts(const std::string& sig_padding = "") {
   Botan::X509_Cert_Options opts("Test CA/US/Botan Project/Testing");

   opts.uri = "https://botan.randombit.net";
   opts.dns = "botan.randombit.net";
   opts.email = "testing@randombit.net";
   opts.set_padding_scheme(sig_padding);

   opts.CA_key(1);

   return opts;
}

Botan::X509_Cert_Options req_opts1(const std::string& algo, const std::string& sig_padding = "") {
   Botan::X509_Cert_Options opts("Test User 1/US/Botan Project/Testing");

   opts.uri = "https://botan.randombit.net";
   opts.dns = "botan.randombit.net";
   opts.email = "testing@randombit.net";
   opts.set_padding_scheme(sig_padding);

   opts.not_before("160101200000Z");
   opts.not_after("300101200000Z");

   opts.challenge = "zoom";

   if(algo == "RSA") {
      opts.constraints = Botan::Key_Constraints::KeyEncipherment;
   } else if(algo == "DSA" || algo == "ECDSA" || algo == "ECGDSA" || algo == "ECKCDSA") {
      opts.constraints = Botan::Key_Constraints::DigitalSignature;
   }

   return opts;
}

Botan::X509_Cert_Options req_opts2(const std::string& sig_padding = "") {
   Botan::X509_Cert_Options opts("Test User 2/US/Botan Project/Testing");

   opts.uri = "https://botan.randombit.net";
   opts.dns = "botan.randombit.net";
   opts.email = "testing@randombit.net";
   opts.set_padding_scheme(sig_padding);

   opts.add_ex_constraint("PKIX.EmailProtection");

   return opts;
}

Botan::X509_Cert_Options req_opts3(const std::string& sig_padding = "") {
   Botan::X509_Cert_Options opts("Test User 2/US/Botan Project/Testing");

   opts.uri = "https://botan.randombit.net";
   opts.dns = "botan.randombit.net";
   opts.email = "testing@randombit.net";
   opts.set_padding_scheme(sig_padding);

   opts.more_org_units.push_back("IT");
   opts.more_org_units.push_back("Security");
   opts.more_dns.push_back("www.botan.randombit.net");

   return opts;
}

std::unique_ptr<Botan::Private_Key> make_a_private_key(const std::string& algo, Botan::RandomNumberGenerator& rng) {
   const std::string params = [&] {
      // Here we override defaults as needed
      if(algo == "RSA") {
         return "1024";
      }
      if(algo == "GOST-34.10") {
         return "gost_256A";
      }
      if(algo == "ECKCDSA" || algo == "ECGDSA") {
         return "brainpool256r1";
      }
      if(algo == "HSS-LMS") {
         return "SHA-256,HW(5,4),HW(5,4)";
      }
      if(algo == "SLH-DSA") {
         return "SLH-DSA-SHA2-128f";
      }
      return "";  // default "" means choose acceptable algo-specific params
   }();

   return Botan::create_private_key(algo, rng, params);
}

Test::Result test_cert_status_strings() {
   Test::Result result("Certificate_Status_Code to_string");

   std::set<std::string> seen;

   result.test_eq("Same string",
                  Botan::to_string(Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::OK),
                  Botan::to_string(Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::VERIFIED));

   const Botan::Certificate_Status_Code codes[]{
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::OCSP_RESPONSE_GOOD,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::OCSP_SIGNATURE_OK,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::VALID_CRL_CHECKED,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::OCSP_NO_HTTP,

      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::CERT_SERIAL_NEGATIVE,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::DN_TOO_LONG,

      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::SIGNATURE_METHOD_TOO_WEAK,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::NO_MATCHING_CRLDP,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::UNTRUSTED_HASH,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::NO_REVOCATION_DATA,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::CERT_NOT_YET_VALID,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::CERT_HAS_EXPIRED,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::OCSP_NOT_YET_VALID,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::OCSP_HAS_EXPIRED,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::CRL_NOT_YET_VALID,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::CRL_HAS_EXPIRED,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::CERT_ISSUER_NOT_FOUND,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::CANNOT_ESTABLISH_TRUST,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::CERT_CHAIN_LOOP,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::CHAIN_LACKS_TRUST_ROOT,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::CHAIN_NAME_MISMATCH,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::POLICY_ERROR,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::DUPLICATE_CERT_POLICY,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::INVALID_USAGE,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::CERT_CHAIN_TOO_LONG,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::CA_CERT_NOT_FOR_CERT_ISSUER,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::NAME_CONSTRAINT_ERROR,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::CA_CERT_NOT_FOR_CRL_ISSUER,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::OCSP_CERT_NOT_LISTED,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::OCSP_BAD_STATUS,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::CERT_NAME_NOMATCH,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::UNKNOWN_CRITICAL_EXTENSION,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::DUPLICATE_CERT_EXTENSION,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::EXT_IN_V1_V2_CERT,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::OCSP_SIGNATURE_ERROR,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::OCSP_ISSUER_NOT_FOUND,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::OCSP_RESPONSE_MISSING_KEYUSAGE,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::OCSP_RESPONSE_INVALID,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::CERT_IS_REVOKED,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::CRL_BAD_SIGNATURE,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::SIGNATURE_ERROR,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::CERT_PUBKEY_INVALID,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::SIGNATURE_ALGO_UNKNOWN,
      Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::SIGNATURE_ALGO_BAD_PARAMS,
   };

   for(const auto code : codes) {
      const std::string s = Botan::to_string(code);
      result.confirm("String is long enough to be informative", s.size() > 12);
      result.test_eq("No duplicates", seen.count(s), 0);
      seen.insert(s);
   }

   return result;
}

Test::Result test_x509_extension() {
   Test::Result result("X509 Extensions API");

   Botan::Extensions extn;

   const auto oid_bc = Botan::OID::from_string("X509v3.BasicConstraints");
   const auto oid_skid = Botan::OID::from_string("X509v3.SubjectKeyIdentifier");

   extn.add(std::make_unique<Botan::Cert_Extension::Basic_Constraints>(true), true);

   result.confirm("Basic constraints is set", extn.extension_set(oid_bc));
   result.confirm("Basic constraints is critical", extn.critical_extension_set(oid_bc));
   result.confirm("SKID is not set", !extn.extension_set(oid_skid));
   result.confirm("SKID is not critical", !extn.critical_extension_set(oid_skid));

   result.test_eq("Extension::get_extension_bits", extn.get_extension_bits(oid_bc), "30060101FF020100");

   result.test_throws("Extension::get_extension_bits throws if not set", [&]() { extn.get_extension_bits(oid_skid); });

   result.test_throws("Extension::add throws on second add",
                      [&]() { extn.add(std::make_unique<Botan::Cert_Extension::Basic_Constraints>(false), false); });

   result.test_eq("Extension::get_extension_bits", extn.get_extension_bits(oid_bc), "30060101FF020100");

   result.confirm("Returns false since extension already existed",
                  !extn.add_new(std::make_unique<Botan::Cert_Extension::Basic_Constraints>(false), false));

   result.confirm("Basic constraints is still critical", extn.critical_extension_set(oid_bc));

   extn.replace(std::make_unique<Botan::Cert_Extension::Basic_Constraints>(false), false);
   result.confirm("Replaced basic constraints is not critical", !extn.critical_extension_set(oid_bc));
   result.test_eq("Extension::get_extension_bits", extn.get_extension_bits(oid_bc), "3000");

   result.confirm("Delete returns false if extn not set", !extn.remove(oid_skid));
   result.confirm("Delete returns true if extn was set", extn.remove(oid_bc));
   result.confirm("Basic constraints is not set", !extn.extension_set(oid_bc));
   result.confirm("Basic constraints is not critical", !extn.critical_extension_set(oid_bc));

   return result;
}

Test::Result test_x509_dates() {
   Test::Result result("X509 Time");

   Botan::X509_Time time;
   result.confirm("unset time not set", !time.time_is_set());
   time = Botan::X509_Time("080201182200Z", Botan::ASN1_Type::UtcTime);
   result.confirm("time set after construction", time.time_is_set());
   result.test_eq("time readable_string", time.readable_string(), "2008/02/01 18:22:00 UTC");

   time = Botan::X509_Time("200305100350Z", Botan::ASN1_Type::UtcTime);
   result.test_eq("UTC_TIME readable_string", time.readable_string(), "2020/03/05 10:03:50 UTC");

   time = Botan::X509_Time("200305100350Z");
   result.test_eq(
      "UTC_OR_GENERALIZED_TIME from UTC_TIME readable_string", time.readable_string(), "2020/03/05 10:03:50 UTC");

   time = Botan::X509_Time("20200305100350Z");
   result.test_eq("UTC_OR_GENERALIZED_TIME from GENERALIZED_TIME readable_string",
                  time.readable_string(),
                  "2020/03/05 10:03:50 UTC");

   time = Botan::X509_Time("20200305100350Z", Botan::ASN1_Type::GeneralizedTime);
   result.test_eq("GENERALIZED_TIME readable_string", time.readable_string(), "2020/03/05 10:03:50 UTC");

   // Dates that are valid per X.500 but rejected as unsupported
   const std::string valid_but_unsup[]{
      "0802010000-0000",
      "0802011724+0000",
      "0406142334-0500",
      "9906142334+0500",
      "0006142334-0530",
      "0006142334+0530",

      "080201000000-0000",
      "080201172412+0000",
      "040614233433-0500",
      "990614233444+0500",
      "000614233455-0530",
      "000614233455+0530",
   };

   // valid length 13
   const std::string valid_utc[]{
      "080201000000Z",
      "080201172412Z",
      "040614233433Z",
      "990614233444Z",
      "000614233455Z",
   };

   const std::string invalid_utc[]{
      "",
      " ",
      "2008`02-01",
      "9999-02-01",
      "2000-02-01 17",
      "999921",

      // No seconds
      "0802010000Z",
      "0802011724Z",
      "0406142334Z",
      "9906142334Z",
      "0006142334Z",

      // valid length 13 -> range check
      "080201000061Z",  // seconds too big (61)
      "080201000060Z",  // seconds too big (60, leap seconds not covered by the standard)
      "0802010000-1Z",  // seconds too small (-1)
      "080201006000Z",  // minutes too big (60)
      "080201240000Z",  // hours too big (24:00)

      // valid length 13 -> invalid numbers
      "08020123112 Z",
      "08020123112!Z",
      "08020123112,Z",
      "08020123112\nZ",
      "080201232 33Z",
      "080201232!33Z",
      "080201232,33Z",
      "080201232\n33Z",
      "0802012 3344Z",
      "0802012!3344Z",
      "0802012,3344Z",
      "08022\n334455Z",
      "08022 334455Z",
      "08022!334455Z",
      "08022,334455Z",
      "08022\n334455Z",
      "082 33445511Z",
      "082!33445511Z",
      "082,33445511Z",
      "082\n33445511Z",
      "2 2211221122Z",
      "2!2211221122Z",
      "2,2211221122Z",
      "2\n2211221122Z",

      // wrong time zone
      "080201000000",
      "080201000000z",

      // Fractional seconds
      "170217180154.001Z",

      // Timezone offset
      "170217180154+0100",

      // Extra digits
      "17021718015400Z",

      // Non-digits
      "17021718015aZ",

      // Trailing garbage
      "170217180154Zlongtrailinggarbage",

      // Swapped type
      "20170217180154Z",
   };

   // valid length 15
   const std::string valid_generalized_time[]{
      "20000305100350Z",
   };

   const std::string invalid_generalized[]{
      // No trailing Z
      "20000305100350",

      // No seconds
      "200003051003Z",

      // Fractional seconds
      "20000305100350.001Z",

      // Timezone offset
      "20170217180154+0100",

      // Extra digits
      "2017021718015400Z",

      // Non-digits
      "2017021718015aZ",

      // Trailing garbage
      "20170217180154Zlongtrailinggarbage",

      // Swapped type
      "170217180154Z",
   };

   for(const auto& v : valid_but_unsup) {
      result.test_throws("valid but unsupported", [v]() { Botan::X509_Time t(v, Botan::ASN1_Type::UtcTime); });
   }

   for(const auto& v : valid_utc) {
      Botan::X509_Time t(v, Botan::ASN1_Type::UtcTime);
   }

   for(const auto& v : valid_generalized_time) {
      Botan::X509_Time t(v, Botan::ASN1_Type::GeneralizedTime);
   }

   for(const auto& v : invalid_utc) {
      result.test_throws("invalid", [v]() { Botan::X509_Time t(v, Botan::ASN1_Type::UtcTime); });
   }

   for(const auto& v : invalid_generalized) {
      result.test_throws("invalid", [v]() { Botan::X509_Time t(v, Botan::ASN1_Type::GeneralizedTime); });
   }

   return result;
}

Test::Result test_x509_encode_authority_info_access_extension() {
   Test::Result result("X509 with encoded PKIX.AuthorityInformationAccess extension");

   #if defined(BOTAN_HAS_RSA)
   auto rng = Test::new_rng(__func__);

   const std::string sig_algo{"RSA"};
   const std::string hash_fn{"SHA-256"};
   const std::string padding_method{"EMSA3(SHA-256)"};

   // CA Issuer information
   const std::vector<std::string> ca_issuers = {
      "http://www.d-trust.net/cgi-bin/Bdrive_Test_CA_1-2_2017.crt",
      "ldap://directory.d-trust.net/CN=Bdrive%20Test%20CA%201-2%202017,O=Bundesdruckerei%20GmbH,C=DE?cACertificate?base?"};

   // OCSP
   const std::string_view ocsp_uri{"http://staging.ocsp.d-trust.net"};

   // create a CA
   auto ca_key = make_a_private_key(sig_algo, *rng);
   result.require("CA key", ca_key != nullptr);
   const auto ca_cert = Botan::X509::create_self_signed_cert(ca_opts(), *ca_key, hash_fn, *rng);
   Botan::X509_CA ca(ca_cert, *ca_key, hash_fn, padding_method, *rng);

   // create a certificate with only caIssuer information
   auto key = make_a_private_key(sig_algo, *rng);

   Botan::X509_Cert_Options opts1 = req_opts1(sig_algo);
   opts1.extensions.add(std::make_unique<Botan::Cert_Extension::Authority_Information_Access>("", ca_issuers));

   Botan::PKCS10_Request req = Botan::X509::create_cert_req(opts1, *key, hash_fn, *rng);

   Botan::X509_Certificate cert = ca.sign_request(req, *rng, from_date(-1, 01, 01), from_date(2, 01, 01));

   if(!result.test_eq("number of ca_issuers URIs", cert.ca_issuers().size(), 2)) {
      return result;
   }

   for(const auto& ca_issuer : cert.ca_issuers()) {
      result.confirm("CA issuer URI present in certificate",
                     std::ranges::find(ca_issuers, ca_issuer) != ca_issuers.end());
   }

   result.confirm("no OCSP url available", cert.ocsp_responder().empty());

   // create a certificate with only OCSP URI information
   Botan::X509_Cert_Options opts2 = req_opts1(sig_algo);
   opts2.extensions.add(std::make_unique<Botan::Cert_Extension::Authority_Information_Access>(ocsp_uri));

   req = Botan::X509::create_cert_req(opts2, *key, hash_fn, *rng);

   cert = ca.sign_request(req, *rng, from_date(-1, 01, 01), from_date(2, 01, 01));

   result.confirm("OCSP URI available", !cert.ocsp_responder().empty());
   result.confirm("no CA Issuer URI available", cert.ca_issuers().empty());
   result.test_eq("OCSP responder URI matches", cert.ocsp_responder(), std::string(ocsp_uri));

   // create a certificate with OCSP URI and CA Issuer information
   Botan::X509_Cert_Options opts3 = req_opts1(sig_algo);
   opts3.extensions.add(std::make_unique<Botan::Cert_Extension::Authority_Information_Access>(ocsp_uri, ca_issuers));

   req = Botan::X509::create_cert_req(opts3, *key, hash_fn, *rng);

   cert = ca.sign_request(req, *rng, from_date(-1, 01, 01), from_date(2, 01, 01));

   result.confirm("OCSP URI available", !cert.ocsp_responder().empty());
   result.confirm("CA Issuer URI available", !cert.ca_issuers().empty());
   #endif

   return result;
}

   #if defined(BOTAN_TARGET_OS_HAS_FILESYSTEM)

Test::Result test_crl_dn_name() {
   Test::Result result("CRL DN name");

      // See GH #1252

      #if defined(BOTAN_HAS_RSA) && defined(BOTAN_HAS_EMSA_PKCS1)
   auto rng = Test::new_rng(__func__);

   const Botan::OID dc_oid("0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.25");

   Botan::X509_Certificate cert(Test::data_file("x509/misc/opcuactt_ca.der"));

   Botan::DataSource_Stream key_input(Test::data_file("x509/misc/opcuactt_ca.pem"));
   auto key = Botan::PKCS8::load_key(key_input);
   Botan::X509_CA ca(cert, *key, "SHA-256", *rng);

   Botan::X509_CRL crl = ca.new_crl(*rng);

   result.confirm("matches issuer cert", crl.issuer_dn() == cert.subject_dn());

   result.confirm("contains DC component", crl.issuer_dn().get_attributes().count(dc_oid) == 1);
      #endif

   return result;
}

Test::Result test_rdn_multielement_set_name() {
   Test::Result result("DN with multiple elements in RDN");

   // GH #2611

   Botan::X509_Certificate cert(Test::data_file("x509/misc/rdn_set.crt"));

   result.confirm("issuer DN contains expected name components", cert.issuer_dn().get_attributes().size() == 4);
   result.confirm("subject DN contains expected name components", cert.subject_dn().get_attributes().size() == 4);

   return result;
}

Test::Result test_rsa_oaep() {
   Test::Result result("RSA OAEP decoding");

      #if defined(BOTAN_HAS_RSA)
   Botan::X509_Certificate cert(Test::data_file("x509/misc/rsa_oaep.pem"));

   auto public_key = cert.subject_public_key();
   result.test_not_null("Decoding RSA-OAEP worked", public_key.get());
   const auto& pk_info = cert.subject_public_key_algo();

   result.test_eq("RSA-OAEP OID", pk_info.oid().to_string(), Botan::OID::from_string("RSA/OAEP").to_string());
      #endif

   return result;
}

Test::Result test_x509_decode_list() {
   Test::Result result("X509_Certificate list decode");

   Botan::DataSource_Stream input(Test::data_file("x509/misc/cert_seq.der"), true);

   Botan::BER_Decoder dec(input);
   std::vector<Botan::X509_Certificate> certs;
   dec.decode_list(certs);

   result.test_eq("Expected number of certs in list", certs.size(), 2);

   result.test_eq("Expected cert 1 CN", certs[0].subject_dn().get_first_attribute("CN"), "CA1-PP.01.02");
   result.test_eq("Expected cert 2 CN", certs[1].subject_dn().get_first_attribute("CN"), "User1-PP.01.02");

   return result;
}

Test::Result test_x509_utf8() {
   Test::Result result("X509 with UTF-8 encoded fields");

   try {
      Botan::X509_Certificate utf8_cert(Test::data_file("x509/misc/contains_utf8string.pem"));

      // UTF-8 encoded fields of test certificate (contains cyrillic letters)
      const std::string organization =
         "\xD0\x9C\xD0\xBE\xD1\x8F\x20\xD0\xBA\xD0\xBE\xD0"
         "\xBC\xD0\xBF\xD0\xB0\xD0\xBD\xD0\xB8\xD1\x8F";
      const std::string organization_unit =
         "\xD0\x9C\xD0\xBE\xD1\x91\x20\xD0\xBF\xD0\xBE\xD0\xB4\xD1\x80\xD0\xB0"
         "\xD0\xB7\xD0\xB4\xD0\xB5\xD0\xBB\xD0\xB5\xD0\xBD\xD0\xB8\xD0\xB5";
      const std::string common_name =
         "\xD0\x9E\xD0\xBF\xD0\xB8\xD1\x81\xD0\xB0\xD0\xBD\xD0\xB8"
         "\xD0\xB5\x20\xD1\x81\xD0\xB0\xD0\xB9\xD1\x82\xD0\xB0";
      const std::string location = "\xD0\x9C\xD0\xBE\xD1\x81\xD0\xBA\xD0\xB2\xD0\xB0";

      const Botan::X509_DN& issuer_dn = utf8_cert.issuer_dn();

      result.test_eq("O", issuer_dn.get_first_attribute("O"), organization);
      result.test_eq("OU", issuer_dn.get_first_attribute("OU"), organization_unit);
      result.test_eq("CN", issuer_dn.get_first_attribute("CN"), common_name);
      result.test_eq("L", issuer_dn.get_first_attribute("L"), location);
   } catch(const Botan::Decoding_Error& ex) {
      result.test_failure(ex.what());
   }

   return result;
}

Test::Result test_x509_bmpstring() {
   Test::Result result("X509 with UCS-2 (BMPString) encoded fields");

   try {
      Botan::X509_Certificate ucs2_cert(Test::data_file("x509/misc/contains_bmpstring.pem"));

      // UTF-8 encoded fields of test certificate (contains cyrillic and greek letters)
      const std::string organization = "\x6E\x65\xCF\x87\xCF\xB5\x6E\x69\xCF\x89";
      const std::string common_name =
         "\xC3\xA8\x6E\xC7\x9D\xD0\xAF\x20\xD0\x9C\xC7\x9D\xD0\xB9\xD0\xB7\xD1\x8D\xD0\xBB";

      // UTF-8 encoded fields of test certificate (contains only ASCII characters)
      const std::string location = "Berlin";

      const Botan::X509_DN& issuer_dn = ucs2_cert.issuer_dn();

      result.test_eq("O", issuer_dn.get_first_attribute("O"), organization);
      result.test_eq("CN", issuer_dn.get_first_attribute("CN"), common_name);
      result.test_eq("L", issuer_dn.get_first_attribute("L"), location);
   } catch(const Botan::Decoding_Error& ex) {
      result.test_failure(ex.what());
   }

   return result;
}

Test::Result test_x509_teletex() {
   Test::Result result("X509 with TeletexString encoded fields");

   try {
      Botan::X509_Certificate teletex_cert(Test::data_file("x509/misc/teletex_dn.der"));

      const Botan::X509_DN& issuer_dn = teletex_cert.issuer_dn();

      const std::string common_name = "neam Gesellschaft f\xc3\xbcr Kommunikationsl\xc3\xb6sungen mbH";

      result.test_eq("O", issuer_dn.get_first_attribute("O"), "neam CA");
      result.test_eq("CN", issuer_dn.get_first_attribute("CN"), common_name);
   } catch(const Botan::Decoding_Error& ex) {
      result.test_failure(ex.what());
   }

   return result;
}

Test::Result test_x509_authority_info_access_extension() {
   Test::Result result("X509 with PKIX.AuthorityInformationAccess extension");

   // contains no AIA extension
   Botan::X509_Certificate no_aia_cert(Test::data_file("x509/misc/contains_utf8string.pem"));

   result.test_eq("number of ca_issuers URLs", no_aia_cert.ca_issuers().size(), 0);
   result.test_eq("CA issuer URL matches", no_aia_cert.ocsp_responder(), "");

   // contains AIA extension with 1 CA issuer URL and 1 OCSP responder
   Botan::X509_Certificate aia_cert(Test::data_file("x509/misc/contains_authority_info_access.pem"));

   const auto ca_issuers = aia_cert.ca_issuers();

   result.test_eq("number of ca_issuers URLs", ca_issuers.size(), 1);
   if(result.tests_failed()) {
      return result;
   }

   result.test_eq("CA issuer URL matches", ca_issuers[0], "http://gp.symcb.com/gp.crt");
   result.test_eq("OCSP responder URL matches", aia_cert.ocsp_responder(), "http://gp.symcd.com");

   // contains AIA extension with 2 CA issuer URL and 1 OCSP responder
   Botan::X509_Certificate aia_cert_2ca(
      Test::data_file("x509/misc/contains_authority_info_access_with_two_ca_issuers.pem"));

   const auto ca_issuers2 = aia_cert_2ca.ca_issuers();

   result.test_eq("number of ca_issuers URLs", ca_issuers2.size(), 2);
   if(result.tests_failed()) {
      return result;
   }

   result.test_eq(
      "CA issuer URL matches", ca_issuers2[0], "http://www.d-trust.net/cgi-bin/Bdrive_Test_CA_1-2_2017.crt");
   result.test_eq(
      "CA issuer URL matches",
      ca_issuers2[1],
      "ldap://directory.d-trust.net/CN=Bdrive%20Test%20CA%201-2%202017,O=Bundesdruckerei%20GmbH,C=DE?cACertificate?base?");
   result.test_eq("OCSP responder URL matches", aia_cert_2ca.ocsp_responder(), "http://staging.ocsp.d-trust.net");

   return result;
}

Test::Result test_parse_rsa_pss_cert() {
   Test::Result result("X509 RSA-PSS certificate");

   // See https://github.com/randombit/botan/issues/3019 for background

   try {
      Botan::X509_Certificate rsa_pss(Test::data_file("x509/misc/rsa_pss.pem"));
      result.test_success("Was able to parse RSA-PSS certificate signed with ECDSA");
   } catch(Botan::Exception& e) {
      result.test_failure("Parsing failed", e.what());
   }

   return result;
}

Test::Result test_verify_gost2012_cert() {
   Test::Result result("X509 GOST-2012 certificates");

      #if defined(BOTAN_HAS_GOST_34_10_2012) && defined(BOTAN_HAS_STREEBOG)
   try {
      Botan::X509_Certificate root_cert(Test::data_file("x509/gost/gost_root.pem"));
      Botan::X509_Certificate root_int(Test::data_file("x509/gost/gost_int.pem"));

      Botan::Certificate_Store_In_Memory trusted;
      trusted.add_certificate(root_cert);

      const Botan::Path_Validation_Restrictions restrictions(false, 128, false, {"Streebog-256"});
      const Botan::Path_Validation_Result validation_result =
         Botan::x509_path_validate(root_int, restrictions, trusted);

      result.confirm("GOST certificate validates", validation_result.successful_validation());
   } catch(const Botan::Decoding_Error& e) {
      result.test_failure(e.what());
   }
      #endif

   return result;
}

      /*
 * @brief checks the configurability of the EMSA4(RSA-PSS) signature scheme
 *
 * For the other algorithms than RSA, only one padding is supported right now.
 */
      #if defined(BOTAN_HAS_EMSA_PKCS1) && defined(BOTAN_HAS_EMSA_PSSR) && defined(BOTAN_HAS_RSA)
Test::Result test_padding_config() {
   // Throughout the test, some synonyms for EMSA4 are used, e.g. PSSR, EMSA-PSS
   Test::Result test_result("X509 Padding Config");

   auto rng = Test::new_rng(__func__);

   Botan::DataSource_Stream key_stream(Test::data_file("x509/misc/rsa_key.pem"));
   auto sk = Botan::PKCS8::load_key(key_stream);

   // Create X509 CA certificate; EMSA3 is used for signing by default
   Botan::X509_Cert_Options opt("TESTCA");
   opt.CA_key();

   Botan::X509_Certificate ca_cert_def = Botan::X509::create_self_signed_cert(opt, (*sk), "SHA-512", *rng);
   test_result.test_eq("CA certificate signature algorithm (default)",
                       ca_cert_def.signature_algorithm().oid().to_formatted_string(),
                       "RSA/EMSA3(SHA-512)");

   // Create X509 CA certificate; RSA-PSS is explicitly set
   opt.set_padding_scheme("PSSR");
   Botan::X509_Certificate ca_cert_exp = Botan::X509::create_self_signed_cert(opt, (*sk), "SHA-512", *rng);
   test_result.test_eq("CA certificate signature algorithm (explicit)",
                       ca_cert_exp.signature_algorithm().oid().to_formatted_string(),
                       "RSA/EMSA4");

         #if defined(BOTAN_HAS_EMSA2)
   // Try to set a padding scheme that is not supported for signing with the given key type
   opt.set_padding_scheme("EMSA2");
   try {
      Botan::X509_Certificate ca_cert_wrong = Botan::X509::create_self_signed_cert(opt, (*sk), "SHA-512", *rng);
      test_result.test_failure("Could build CA cert with invalid encoding scheme EMSA1 for key type " +
                               sk->algo_name());
   } catch(const Botan::Invalid_Argument& e) {
      test_result.test_eq("Build CA certificate with invalid encoding scheme EMSA1 for key type " + sk->algo_name(),
                          e.what(),
                          "Signatures using RSA/EMSA2(SHA-512) are not supported");
   }
         #endif

   test_result.test_eq("CA certificate signature algorithm (explicit)",
                       ca_cert_exp.signature_algorithm().oid().to_formatted_string(),
                       "RSA/EMSA4");

   const Botan::X509_Time not_before = from_date(-1, 1, 1);
   const Botan::X509_Time not_after = from_date(2, 1, 2);

   // Prepare a signing request for the end certificate
   Botan::X509_Cert_Options req_opt("endpoint");
   req_opt.set_padding_scheme("EMSA4(SHA-512,MGF1,64)");
   Botan::PKCS10_Request end_req = Botan::X509::create_cert_req(req_opt, (*sk), "SHA-512", *rng);
   test_result.test_eq("Certificate request signature algorithm",
                       end_req.signature_algorithm().oid().to_formatted_string(),
                       "RSA/EMSA4");

   // Create X509 CA object: will fail as the chosen hash functions differ
   try {
      Botan::X509_CA ca_fail(ca_cert_exp, (*sk), "SHA-512", "EMSA4(SHA-256)", *rng);
      test_result.test_failure("Configured conflicting hash functions for CA");
   } catch(const Botan::Invalid_Argument& e) {
      test_result.test_eq(
         "Configured conflicting hash functions for CA",
         e.what(),
         "Specified hash function SHA-512 is incompatible with RSA chose hash function SHA-256 with user specified padding EMSA4(SHA-256)");
   }

   // Create X509 CA object: its signer will use the padding scheme from the CA certificate, i.e. EMSA3
   Botan::X509_CA ca_def(ca_cert_def, (*sk), "SHA-512", *rng);
   Botan::X509_Certificate end_cert_emsa3 = ca_def.sign_request(end_req, *rng, not_before, not_after);
   test_result.test_eq("End certificate signature algorithm",
                       end_cert_emsa3.signature_algorithm().oid().to_formatted_string(),
                       "RSA/EMSA3(SHA-512)");

   // Create X509 CA object: its signer will use the explicitly configured padding scheme, which is different from the CA certificate's scheme
   Botan::X509_CA ca_diff(ca_cert_def, (*sk), "SHA-512", "EMSA-PSS", *rng);
   Botan::X509_Certificate end_cert_diff_emsa4 = ca_diff.sign_request(end_req, *rng, not_before, not_after);
   test_result.test_eq("End certificate signature algorithm",
                       end_cert_diff_emsa4.signature_algorithm().oid().to_formatted_string(),
                       "RSA/EMSA4");

   // Create X509 CA object: its signer will use the explicitly configured padding scheme, which is identical to the CA certificate's scheme
   Botan::X509_CA ca_exp(ca_cert_exp, (*sk), "SHA-512", "EMSA4(SHA-512,MGF1,64)", *rng);
   Botan::X509_Certificate end_cert_emsa4 = ca_exp.sign_request(end_req, *rng, not_before, not_after);
   test_result.test_eq("End certificate signature algorithm",
                       end_cert_emsa4.signature_algorithm().oid().to_formatted_string(),
                       "RSA/EMSA4");

   // Check CRL signature algorithm
   Botan::X509_CRL crl = ca_exp.new_crl(*rng);
   test_result.test_eq("CRL signature algorithm", crl.signature_algorithm().oid().to_formatted_string(), "RSA/EMSA4");

   // sanity check for verification, the heavy lifting is done in the other unit tests
   const Botan::Certificate_Store_In_Memory trusted(ca_exp.ca_certificate());
   const Botan::Path_Validation_Restrictions restrictions(false, 80);
   const Botan::Path_Validation_Result validation_result =
      Botan::x509_path_validate(end_cert_emsa4, restrictions, trusted);
   test_result.confirm("EMSA4-signed certificate validates", validation_result.successful_validation());

   return test_result;
}
      #endif

   #endif

Test::Result test_pkcs10_ext(const Botan::Private_Key& key,
                             const std::string& sig_padding,
                             const std::string& hash_fn,
                             Botan::RandomNumberGenerator& rng) {
   Test::Result result("PKCS10 extensions");

   Botan::X509_Cert_Options opts;

   opts.dns = "main.example.org";
   opts.more_dns.push_back("more1.example.org");
   opts.more_dns.push_back("more2.example.org");

   opts.padding_scheme = sig_padding;

   Botan::AlternativeName alt_name;
   alt_name.add_attribute("DNS", "bonus.example.org");

   Botan::X509_DN alt_dn;
   alt_dn.add_attribute("X520.CommonName", "alt_cn");
   alt_dn.add_attribute("X520.Organization", "testing");
   alt_name.add_dn(alt_dn);

   opts.extensions.add(std::make_unique<Botan::Cert_Extension::Subject_Alternative_Name>(alt_name));

   const auto req = Botan::X509::create_cert_req(opts, key, hash_fn, rng);

   const auto alt_dns_names = req.subject_alt_name().get_attribute("DNS");

   result.test_eq("Expected number of DNS names", alt_dns_names.size(), 4);

   if(alt_dns_names.size() == 4) {
      result.test_eq("Expected DNS name 1", alt_dns_names.at(0), "bonus.example.org");
      result.test_eq("Expected DNS name 2", alt_dns_names.at(1), "main.example.org");
      result.test_eq("Expected DNS name 3", alt_dns_names.at(2), "more1.example.org");
      result.test_eq("Expected DNS name 3", alt_dns_names.at(3), "more2.example.org");
   }

   result.test_eq("Expected number of alt DNs", req.subject_alt_name().directory_names().size(), 1);
   result.confirm("Alt DN is correct", *req.subject_alt_name().directory_names().begin() == alt_dn);

   return result;
}

Test::Result test_x509_cert(const Botan::Private_Key& ca_key,
                            const std::string& sig_algo,
                            const std::string& sig_padding,
                            const std::string& hash_fn,
                            Botan::RandomNumberGenerator& rng) {
   Test::Result result("X509 Unit");

   /* Create the self-signed cert */
   const auto ca_cert = Botan::X509::create_self_signed_cert(ca_opts(sig_padding), ca_key, hash_fn, rng);

   {
      result.confirm("ca key usage cert", ca_cert.constraints().includes(Botan::Key_Constraints::KeyCertSign));
      result.confirm("ca key usage crl", ca_cert.constraints().includes(Botan::Key_Constraints::CrlSign));
   }

   /* Create user #1's key and cert request */
   auto user1_key = make_a_private_key(sig_algo, rng);

   Botan::PKCS10_Request user1_req =
      Botan::X509::create_cert_req(req_opts1(sig_algo, sig_padding), *user1_key, hash_fn, rng);

   result.test_eq("PKCS10 challenge password parsed", user1_req.challenge_password(), "zoom");

   /* Create user #2's key and cert request */
   auto user2_key = make_a_private_key(sig_algo, rng);

   Botan::PKCS10_Request user2_req = Botan::X509::create_cert_req(req_opts2(sig_padding), *user2_key, hash_fn, rng);

   // /* Create user #3's key and cert request */
   auto user3_key = make_a_private_key(sig_algo, rng);

   Botan::PKCS10_Request user3_req = Botan::X509::create_cert_req(req_opts3(sig_padding), *user3_key, hash_fn, rng);

   /* Create the CA object */
   Botan::X509_CA ca(ca_cert, ca_key, hash_fn, sig_padding, rng);

   const BigInt user1_serial = 99;

   /* Sign the requests to create the certs */
   Botan::X509_Certificate user1_cert =
      ca.sign_request(user1_req, rng, user1_serial, from_date(-1, 01, 01), from_date(2, 01, 01));

   result.test_eq("User1 serial size matches expected", user1_cert.serial_number().size(), 1);
   result.test_eq("User1 serial matches expected", user1_cert.serial_number().at(0), size_t(99));

   Botan::X509_Certificate user2_cert = ca.sign_request(user2_req, rng, from_date(-1, 01, 01), from_date(2, 01, 01));

   Botan::X509_Certificate user3_cert = ca.sign_request(user3_req, rng, from_date(-1, 01, 01), from_date(2, 01, 01));

   // user#1 creates a self-signed cert on the side
   const auto user1_ss_cert =
      Botan::X509::create_self_signed_cert(req_opts1(sig_algo, sig_padding), *user1_key, hash_fn, rng);

   {
      auto constraints = req_opts1(sig_algo).constraints;
      result.confirm("user1 key usage", user1_cert.constraints().includes(constraints));
   }

   /* Copy, assign and compare */
   Botan::X509_Certificate user1_cert_copy(user1_cert);
   result.test_eq("certificate copy", user1_cert == user1_cert_copy, true);

   user1_cert_copy = user2_cert;
   result.test_eq("certificate assignment", user2_cert == user1_cert_copy, true);

   Botan::X509_Certificate user1_cert_differ =
      ca.sign_request(user1_req, rng, from_date(-1, 01, 01), from_date(2, 01, 01));

   result.test_eq("certificate differs", user1_cert == user1_cert_differ, false);

   /* Get cert data */
   result.test_eq("x509 version", user1_cert.x509_version(), size_t(3));

   const Botan::X509_DN& user1_issuer_dn = user1_cert.issuer_dn();
   result.test_eq("issuer info CN", user1_issuer_dn.get_first_attribute("CN"), ca_opts().common_name);
   result.test_eq("issuer info Country", user1_issuer_dn.get_first_attribute("C"), ca_opts().country);
   result.test_eq("issuer info Orga", user1_issuer_dn.get_first_attribute("O"), ca_opts().organization);
   result.test_eq("issuer info OrgaUnit", user1_issuer_dn.get_first_attribute("OU"), ca_opts().org_unit);

   const Botan::X509_DN& user3_subject_dn = user3_cert.subject_dn();
   result.test_eq("subject OrgaUnit count",
                  user3_subject_dn.get_attribute("OU").size(),
                  req_opts3(sig_algo).more_org_units.size() + 1);
   result.test_eq(
      "subject OrgaUnit #2", user3_subject_dn.get_attribute("OU").at(1), req_opts3(sig_algo).more_org_units.at(0));

   const Botan::AlternativeName& user1_altname = user1_cert.subject_alt_name();
   result.test_eq("subject alt email", user1_altname.get_first_attribute("RFC822"), "testing@randombit.net");
   result.test_eq("subject alt dns", user1_altname.get_first_attribute("DNS"), "botan.randombit.net");
   result.test_eq("subject alt uri", user1_altname.get_first_attribute("URI"), "https://botan.randombit.net");

   const Botan::AlternativeName& user3_altname = user3_cert.subject_alt_name();
   result.test_eq(
      "subject alt dns count", user3_altname.get_attribute("DNS").size(), req_opts3(sig_algo).more_dns.size() + 1);
   result.test_eq("subject alt dns #2", user3_altname.get_attribute("DNS").at(1), req_opts3(sig_algo).more_dns.at(0));

   const Botan::X509_CRL crl1 = ca.new_crl(rng);

   /* Verify the certs */
   Botan::Path_Validation_Restrictions restrictions(false, 80);
   Botan::Certificate_Store_In_Memory store;

   // First try with an empty store
   Botan::Path_Validation_Result result_no_issuer = Botan::x509_path_validate(user1_cert, restrictions, store);
   result.test_eq("user 1 issuer not found",
                  result_no_issuer.result_string(),
                  Botan::Path_Validation_Result::status_string(Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::CERT_ISSUER_NOT_FOUND));

   store.add_certificate(ca.ca_certificate());

   Botan::Path_Validation_Result result_u1 = Botan::x509_path_validate(user1_cert, restrictions, store);
   if(!result.confirm("user 1 validates", result_u1.successful_validation())) {
      result.test_note("user 1 validation result was " + result_u1.result_string());
   }

   Botan::Path_Validation_Result result_u2 = Botan::x509_path_validate(user2_cert, restrictions, store);
   if(!result.confirm("user 2 validates", result_u2.successful_validation())) {
      result.test_note("user 2 validation result was " + result_u2.result_string());
   }

   Botan::Path_Validation_Result result_self_signed = Botan::x509_path_validate(user1_ss_cert, restrictions, store);
   result.test_eq("user 1 issuer not found",
                  result_no_issuer.result_string(),
                  Botan::Path_Validation_Result::status_string(Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::CERT_ISSUER_NOT_FOUND));
   store.add_crl(crl1);

   std::vector<Botan::CRL_Entry> revoked;
   revoked.push_back(Botan::CRL_Entry(user1_cert, Botan::CRL_Code::CessationOfOperation));
   revoked.push_back(user2_cert);

   const Botan::X509_CRL crl2 = ca.update_crl(crl1, revoked, rng);

   store.add_crl(crl2);

   const std::string revoked_str =
      Botan::Path_Validation_Result::status_string(Botan::Certificate_Status_Code::CERT_IS_REVOKED);

   result_u1 = Botan::x509_path_validate(user1_cert, restrictions, store);
   result.test_eq("user 1 revoked", result_u1.result_string(), revoked_str);

   result_u2 = Botan::x509_path_validate(user2_cert, restrictions, store);
   result.test_eq("user 1 revoked", result_u2.result_string(), revoked_str);

   revoked.clear();
   revoked.push_back(Botan::CRL_Entry(user1_cert, Botan::CRL_Code::RemoveFromCrl));
   Botan::X509_CRL crl3 = ca.update_crl(crl2, revoked, rng);

   store.add_crl(crl3);

   result_u1 = Botan::x509_path_validate(user1_cert, restrictions, store);
   if(!result.confirm("user 1 validates", result_u1.successful_validation())) {
      result.test_note("user 1 validation result was " + result_u1.result_string());
   }

   result_u2 = Botan::x509_path_validate(user2_cert, restrictions, store);
   result.test_eq("user 2 still revoked", result_u2.result_string(), revoked_str);

   return result;
}

Test::Result test_usage(const Botan::Private_Key& ca_key,
                        const std::string& sig_algo,
                        const std::string& hash_fn,
                        Botan::RandomNumberGenerator& rng) {
   using Botan::Key_Constraints;
   using Botan::Usage_Type;

   Test::Result result("X509 Usage");

   /* Create the self-signed cert */
   const Botan::X509_Certificate ca_cert = Botan::X509::create_self_signed_cert(ca_opts(), ca_key, hash_fn, rng);

   /* Create the CA object */
   const Botan::X509_CA ca(ca_cert, ca_key, hash_fn, rng);

   auto user1_key = make_a_private_key(sig_algo, rng);

   Botan::X509_Cert_Options opts("Test User 1/US/Botan Project/Testing");
   opts.constraints = Key_Constraints::DigitalSignature;

   const Botan::PKCS10_Request user1_req = Botan::X509::create_cert_req(opts, *user1_key, hash_fn, rng);

   const Botan::X509_Certificate user1_cert =
      ca.sign_request(user1_req, rng, from_date(-1, 01, 01), from_date(2, 01, 01));

   // cert only allows digitalSignature, but we check for both digitalSignature and cRLSign
   result.test_eq(
      "key usage cRLSign not allowed",
      user1_cert.allowed_usage(Key_Constraints(Key_Constraints::DigitalSignature | Key_Constraints::CrlSign)),
      false);
   result.test_eq("encryption is not allowed", user1_cert.allowed_usage(Usage_Type::ENCRYPTION), false);

   // cert only allows digitalSignature, so checking for only that should be ok
   result.confirm("key usage digitalSignature allowed", user1_cert.allowed_usage(Key_Constraints::DigitalSignature));

   opts.constraints = Key_Constraints(Key_Constraints::DigitalSignature | Key_Constraints::CrlSign);

   const Botan::PKCS10_Request mult_usage_req = Botan::X509::create_cert_req(opts, *user1_key, hash_fn, rng);

   const Botan::X509_Certificate mult_usage_cert =
      ca.sign_request(mult_usage_req, rng, from_date(-1, 01, 01), from_date(2, 01, 01));

   // cert allows multiple usages, so each one of them as well as both together should be allowed
   result.confirm("key usage multiple digitalSignature allowed",
                  mult_usage_cert.allowed_usage(Key_Constraints::DigitalSignature));
   result.confirm("key usage multiple cRLSign allowed", mult_usage_cert.allowed_usage(Key_Constraints::CrlSign));
   result.confirm(
      "key usage multiple digitalSignature and cRLSign allowed",
      mult_usage_cert.allowed_usage(Key_Constraints(Key_Constraints::DigitalSignature | Key_Constraints::CrlSign)));
   result.test_eq("encryption is not allowed", mult_usage_cert.allowed_usage(Usage_Type::ENCRYPTION), false);

   opts.constraints = Key_Constraints();

   const Botan::PKCS10_Request no_usage_req = Botan::X509::create_cert_req(opts, *user1_key, hash_fn, rng);

   const Botan::X509_Certificate no_usage_cert =
      ca.sign_request(no_usage_req, rng, from_date(-1, 01, 01), from_date(2, 01, 01));

   // cert allows every usage
   result.confirm("key usage digitalSignature allowed", no_usage_cert.allowed_usage(Key_Constraints::DigitalSignature));
   result.confirm("key usage cRLSign allowed", no_usage_cert.allowed_usage(Key_Constraints::CrlSign));
   result.confirm("key usage encryption allowed", no_usage_cert.allowed_usage(Usage_Type::ENCRYPTION));

   if(sig_algo == "RSA") {
      // cert allows data encryption
      opts.constraints = Key_Constraints(Key_Constraints::KeyEncipherment | Key_Constraints::DataEncipherment);

      const Botan::PKCS10_Request enc_req = Botan::X509::create_cert_req(opts, *user1_key, hash_fn, rng);

      const Botan::X509_Certificate enc_cert =
         ca.sign_request(enc_req, rng, from_date(-1, 01, 01), from_date(2, 01, 01));

      result.confirm("cert allows encryption", enc_cert.allowed_usage(Usage_Type::ENCRYPTION));
      result.confirm("cert does not allow TLS client auth", !enc_cert.allowed_usage(Usage_Type::TLS_CLIENT_AUTH));
   }

   return result;
}

Test::Result test_self_issued(const Botan::Private_Key& ca_key,
                              const std::string& sig_algo,
                              const std::string& sig_padding,
                              const std::string& hash_fn,
                              Botan::RandomNumberGenerator& rng) {
   using Botan::Key_Constraints;

   Test::Result result("X509 Self Issued");

   // create the self-signed cert
   const Botan::X509_Certificate ca_cert =
      Botan::X509::create_self_signed_cert(ca_opts(sig_padding), ca_key, hash_fn, rng);

   /* Create the CA object */
   const Botan::X509_CA ca(ca_cert, ca_key, hash_fn, sig_padding, rng);

   auto user_key = make_a_private_key(sig_algo, rng);

   // create a self-issued certificate, that is, a certificate with subject dn == issuer dn,
   // but signed by a CA, not signed by it's own private key
   Botan::X509_Cert_Options opts = ca_opts();
   opts.constraints = Key_Constraints::DigitalSignature;
   opts.set_padding_scheme(sig_padding);

   const Botan::PKCS10_Request self_issued_req = Botan::X509::create_cert_req(opts, *user_key, hash_fn, rng);

   const Botan::X509_Certificate self_issued_cert =
      ca.sign_request(self_issued_req, rng, from_date(-1, 01, 01), from_date(2, 01, 01));

   // check that this chain can can be verified successfully
   const Botan::Certificate_Store_In_Memory trusted(ca.ca_certificate());

   const Botan::Path_Validation_Restrictions restrictions(false, 80);

   const Botan::Path_Validation_Result validation_result =
      Botan::x509_path_validate(self_issued_cert, restrictions, trusted);

   result.confirm("chain with self-issued cert validates", validation_result.successful_validation());

   return result;
}

Test::Result test_x509_uninit() {
   Test::Result result("X509 object uninitialized access");

   Botan::X509_Certificate cert;
   result.test_throws("uninitialized cert access causes exception", "X509_Certificate uninitialized", [&cert]() {
      cert.x509_version();
   });

   Botan::X509_CRL crl;
   result.test_throws(
      "uninitialized crl access causes exception", "X509_CRL uninitialized", [&crl]() { crl.crl_number(); });

   return result;
}

Test::Result test_valid_constraints(const Botan::Private_Key& key, const std::string& pk_algo) {
   using Botan::Key_Constraints;

   Test::Result result("X509 Valid Constraints " + pk_algo);

   result.confirm("empty constraints always acceptable", Key_Constraints().compatible_with(key));

   // Now check some typical usage scenarios for the given key type
   // Taken from RFC 5280, sec. 4.2.1.3
   // ALL constraints are not typical at all, but we use them for a negative test
   const auto all = Key_Constraints(
      Key_Constraints::DigitalSignature | Key_Constraints::NonRepudiation | Key_Constraints::KeyEncipherment |
      Key_Constraints::DataEncipherment | Key_Constraints::KeyAgreement | Key_Constraints::KeyCertSign |
      Key_Constraints::CrlSign | Key_Constraints::EncipherOnly | Key_Constraints::DecipherOnly);

   const auto ca = Key_Constraints(Key_Constraints::KeyCertSign);
   const auto sign_data = Key_Constraints(Key_Constraints::DigitalSignature);
   const auto non_repudiation = Key_Constraints(Key_Constraints::NonRepudiation | Key_Constraints::DigitalSignature);
   const auto key_encipherment = Key_Constraints(Key_Constraints::KeyEncipherment);
   const auto data_encipherment = Key_Constraints(Key_Constraints::DataEncipherment);
   const auto key_agreement = Key_Constraints(Key_Constraints::KeyAgreement);
   const auto key_agreement_encipher_only =
      Key_Constraints(Key_Constraints::KeyAgreement | Key_Constraints::EncipherOnly);
   const auto key_agreement_decipher_only =
      Key_Constraints(Key_Constraints::KeyAgreement | Key_Constraints::DecipherOnly);
   const auto crl_sign = Key_Constraints(Key_Constraints::CrlSign);
   const auto sign_everything =
      Key_Constraints(Key_Constraints::DigitalSignature | Key_Constraints::KeyCertSign | Key_Constraints::CrlSign);

   if(pk_algo == "DH" || pk_algo == "ECDH") {
      // DH and ECDH only for key agreement
      result.test_eq("all constraints not permitted", all.compatible_with(key), false);
      result.test_eq("cert sign not permitted", ca.compatible_with(key), false);
      result.test_eq("signature not permitted", sign_data.compatible_with(key), false);
      result.test_eq("non repudiation not permitted", non_repudiation.compatible_with(key), false);
      result.test_eq("key encipherment not permitted", key_encipherment.compatible_with(key), false);
      result.test_eq("data encipherment not permitted", data_encipherment.compatible_with(key), false);
      result.test_eq("usage acceptable", key_agreement.compatible_with(key), true);
      result.test_eq("usage acceptable", key_agreement_encipher_only.compatible_with(key), true);
      result.test_eq("usage acceptable", key_agreement_decipher_only.compatible_with(key), true);
      result.test_eq("crl sign not permitted", crl_sign.compatible_with(key), false);
      result.test_eq("sign", sign_everything.compatible_with(key), false);
   } else if(pk_algo == "Kyber" || pk_algo == "FrodoKEM" || pk_algo == "ML-KEM" || pk_algo == "ClassicMcEliece") {
      // KEMs can encrypt and agree
      result.test_eq("all constraints not permitted", all.compatible_with(key), false);
      result.test_eq("cert sign not permitted", ca.compatible_with(key), false);
      result.test_eq("signature not permitted", sign_data.compatible_with(key), false);
      result.test_eq("non repudiation not permitted", non_repudiation.compatible_with(key), false);
      result.test_eq("crl sign not permitted", crl_sign.compatible_with(key), false);
      result.test_eq("sign", sign_everything.compatible_with(key), false);
      result.test_eq("key agreement not permitted", key_agreement.compatible_with(key), false);
      result.test_eq("usage acceptable", data_encipherment.compatible_with(key), false);
      result.test_eq("usage acceptable", key_encipherment.compatible_with(key), true);
   } else if(pk_algo == "RSA") {
      // RSA can do everything except key agreement
      result.test_eq("all constraints not permitted", all.compatible_with(key), false);

      result.test_eq("usage acceptable", ca.compatible_with(key), true);
      result.test_eq("usage acceptable", sign_data.compatible_with(key), true);
      result.test_eq("usage acceptable", non_repudiation.compatible_with(key), true);
      result.test_eq("usage acceptable", key_encipherment.compatible_with(key), true);
      result.test_eq("usage acceptable", data_encipherment.compatible_with(key), true);
      result.test_eq("key agreement not permitted", key_agreement.compatible_with(key), false);
      result.test_eq("key agreement", key_agreement_encipher_only.compatible_with(key), false);
      result.test_eq("key agreement", key_agreement_decipher_only.compatible_with(key), false);
      result.test_eq("usage acceptable", crl_sign.compatible_with(key), true);
      result.test_eq("usage acceptable", sign_everything.compatible_with(key), true);
   } else if(pk_algo == "ElGamal") {
      // only ElGamal encryption is currently implemented
      result.test_eq("all constraints not permitted", all.compatible_with(key), false);
      result.test_eq("cert sign not permitted", ca.compatible_with(key), false);
      result.test_eq("data encipherment permitted", data_encipherment.compatible_with(key), true);
      result.test_eq("key encipherment permitted", key_encipherment.compatible_with(key), true);
      result.test_eq("key agreement not permitted", key_agreement.compatible_with(key), false);
      result.test_eq("key agreement", key_agreement_encipher_only.compatible_with(key), false);
      result.test_eq("key agreement", key_agreement_decipher_only.compatible_with(key), false);
      result.test_eq("crl sign not permitted", crl_sign.compatible_with(key), false);
      result.test_eq("sign", sign_everything.compatible_with(key), false);
   } else if(pk_algo == "DSA" || pk_algo == "ECDSA" || pk_algo == "ECGDSA" || pk_algo == "ECKCDSA" ||
             pk_algo == "GOST-34.10" || pk_algo == "Dilithium" || pk_algo == "ML-DSA" || pk_algo == "SLH-DSA" ||
             pk_algo == "HSS-LMS") {
      // these are signature algorithms only
      result.test_eq("all constraints not permitted", all.compatible_with(key), false);

      result.test_eq("ca allowed", ca.compatible_with(key), true);
      result.test_eq("sign allowed", sign_data.compatible_with(key), true);
      result.test_eq("non-repudiation allowed", non_repudiation.compatible_with(key), true);
      result.test_eq("key encipherment not permitted", key_encipherment.compatible_with(key), false);
      result.test_eq("data encipherment not permitted", data_encipherment.compatible_with(key), false);
      result.test_eq("key agreement not permitted", key_agreement.compatible_with(key), false);
      result.test_eq("key agreement", key_agreement_encipher_only.compatible_with(key), false);
      result.test_eq("key agreement", key_agreement_decipher_only.compatible_with(key), false);
      result.test_eq("crl sign allowed", crl_sign.compatible_with(key), true);
      result.test_eq("sign allowed", sign_everything.compatible_with(key), true);
   }

   return result;
}

/**
 * @brief X.509v3 extension that encodes a given string
 */
class String_Extension final : public Botan::Certificate_Extension {
   public:
      String_Extension() = default;

      explicit String_Extension(const std::string& val) : m_contents(val) {}

      std::string value() const { return m_contents; }

      std::unique_ptr<Certificate_Extension> copy() const override {
         return std::make_unique<String_Extension>(m_contents);
      }

      Botan::OID oid_of() const override { return Botan::OID("1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.1"); }

      bool should_encode() const override { return true; }

      std::string oid_name() const override { return "String Extension"; }

      std::vector<uint8_t> encode_inner() const override {
         std::vector<uint8_t> bits;
         Botan::DER_Encoder(bits).encode(Botan::ASN1_String(m_contents, Botan::ASN1_Type::Utf8String));
         return bits;
      }

      void decode_inner(const std::vector<uint8_t>& in) override {
         Botan::ASN1_String str;
         Botan::BER_Decoder(in).decode(str, Botan::ASN1_Type::Utf8String).verify_end();
         m_contents = str.value();
      }

   private:
      std::string m_contents;
};

Test::Result test_custom_dn_attr(const Botan::Private_Key& ca_key,
                                 const std::string& sig_algo,
                                 const std::string& sig_padding,
                                 const std::string& hash_fn,
                                 Botan::RandomNumberGenerator& rng) {
   Test::Result result("X509 Custom DN");

   /* Create the self-signed cert */
   Botan::X509_Certificate ca_cert = Botan::X509::create_self_signed_cert(ca_opts(sig_padding), ca_key, hash_fn, rng);

   /* Create the CA object */
   Botan::X509_CA ca(ca_cert, ca_key, hash_fn, sig_padding, rng);

   auto user_key = make_a_private_key(sig_algo, rng);

   Botan::X509_DN subject_dn;

   const Botan::OID attr1(Botan::OID("1.3.6.1.4.1.25258.9.1.1"));
   const Botan::OID attr2(Botan::OID("1.3.6.1.4.1.25258.9.1.2"));
   const Botan::ASN1_String val1("Custom Attr 1", Botan::ASN1_Type::PrintableString);
   const Botan::ASN1_String val2("12345", Botan::ASN1_Type::Utf8String);

   subject_dn.add_attribute(attr1, val1);
   subject_dn.add_attribute(attr2, val2);

   Botan::Extensions extensions;

   Botan::PKCS10_Request req =
      Botan::PKCS10_Request::create(*user_key, subject_dn, extensions, hash_fn, rng, sig_padding);

   const Botan::X509_DN& req_dn = req.subject_dn();

   result.test_eq("Expected number of DN entries", req_dn.dn_info().size(), 2);

   Botan::ASN1_String req_val1 = req_dn.get_first_attribute(attr1);
   Botan::ASN1_String req_val2 = req_dn.get_first_attribute(attr2);
   result.confirm("Attr1 matches encoded", req_val1 == val1);
   result.confirm("Attr2 matches encoded", req_val2 == val2);
   result.confirm("Attr1 tag matches encoded", req_val1.tagging() == val1.tagging());
   result.confirm("Attr2 tag matches encoded", req_val2.tagging() == val2.tagging());

   Botan::X509_Time not_before("100301123001Z", Botan::ASN1_Type::UtcTime);
   Botan::X509_Time not_after("300301123001Z", Botan::ASN1_Type::UtcTime);

   auto cert = ca.sign_request(req, rng, not_before, not_after);

   const Botan::X509_DN& cert_dn = cert.subject_dn();

   result.test_eq("Expected number of DN entries", cert_dn.dn_info().size(), 2);

   Botan::ASN1_String cert_val1 = cert_dn.get_first_attribute(attr1);
   Botan::ASN1_String cert_val2 = cert_dn.get_first_attribute(attr2);
   result.confirm("Attr1 matches encoded", cert_val1 == val1);
   result.confirm("Attr2 matches encoded", cert_val2 == val2);
   result.confirm("Attr1 tag matches encoded", cert_val1.tagging() == val1.tagging());
   result.confirm("Attr2 tag matches encoded", cert_val2.tagging() == val2.tagging());

   return result;
}

Test::Result test_x509_extensions(const Botan::Private_Key& ca_key,
                                  const std::string& sig_algo,
                                  const std::string& sig_padding,
                                  const std::string& hash_fn,
                                  Botan::RandomNumberGenerator& rng) {
   using Botan::Key_Constraints;

   Test::Result result("X509 Extensions");

   /* Create the self-signed cert */
   Botan::X509_Certificate ca_cert = Botan::X509::create_self_signed_cert(ca_opts(sig_padding), ca_key, hash_fn, rng);

   /* Create the CA object */
   Botan::X509_CA ca(ca_cert, ca_key, hash_fn, sig_padding, rng);

   /* Prepare CDP extension */
   std::vector<std::string> cdp_urls = {
      "http://example.com/crl1.pem",
      "ldap://ldap.example.com/cn=crl1,dc=example,dc=com?certificateRevocationList;binary"};

   std::vector<Botan::Cert_Extension::CRL_Distribution_Points::Distribution_Point> dps;

   for(const auto& uri : cdp_urls) {
      Botan::AlternativeName cdp_alt_name;
      cdp_alt_name.add_uri(uri);
      Botan::Cert_Extension::CRL_Distribution_Points::Distribution_Point dp(cdp_alt_name);

      dps.emplace_back(dp);
   }

   auto user_key = make_a_private_key(sig_algo, rng);

   Botan::X509_Cert_Options opts("Test User 1/US/Botan Project/Testing");
   opts.constraints = Key_Constraints::DigitalSignature;

   // include a custom extension in the request
   Botan::Extensions req_extensions;
   const Botan::OID oid("1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.1");
   const Botan::OID ku_oid = Botan::OID::from_string("X509v3.KeyUsage");
   req_extensions.add(std::make_unique<String_Extension>("AAAAAAAAAAAAAABCDEF"), false);
   req_extensions.add(std::make_unique<Botan::Cert_Extension::CRL_Distribution_Points>(dps));
   opts.extensions = req_extensions;
   opts.set_padding_scheme(sig_padding);

   /* Create a self-signed certificate */
   const Botan::X509_Certificate self_signed_cert = Botan::X509::create_self_signed_cert(opts, *user_key, hash_fn, rng);

   result.confirm("Extensions::extension_set true for Key_Usage",
                  self_signed_cert.v3_extensions().extension_set(ku_oid));

   // check if known Key_Usage extension is present in self-signed cert
   auto key_usage_ext = self_signed_cert.v3_extensions().get(ku_oid);
   if(result.confirm("Key_Usage extension present in self-signed certificate", key_usage_ext != nullptr)) {
      result.confirm(
         "Key_Usage extension value matches in self-signed certificate",
         dynamic_cast<Botan::Cert_Extension::Key_Usage&>(*key_usage_ext).get_constraints() == opts.constraints);
   }

   // check if custom extension is present in self-signed cert
   auto string_ext = self_signed_cert.v3_extensions().get_raw<String_Extension>(oid);
   if(result.confirm("Custom extension present in self-signed certificate", string_ext != nullptr)) {
      result.test_eq(
         "Custom extension value matches in self-signed certificate", string_ext->value(), "AAAAAAAAAAAAAABCDEF");
   }

   // check if CDPs are present in the self-signed cert
   auto cert_cdps =
      self_signed_cert.v3_extensions().get_extension_object_as<Botan::Cert_Extension::CRL_Distribution_Points>();

   if(result.confirm("CRL Distribution Points extension present in self-signed certificate",
                     !cert_cdps->crl_distribution_urls().empty())) {
      for(const auto& cdp : cert_cdps->distribution_points()) {
         result.confirm("CDP URI present in self-signed certificate",
                        std::ranges::find(cdp_urls, cdp.point().get_first_attribute("URI")) != cdp_urls.end());
      }
   }

   const Botan::PKCS10_Request user_req = Botan::X509::create_cert_req(opts, *user_key, hash_fn, rng);

   /* Create a CA-signed certificate */
   const Botan::X509_Certificate ca_signed_cert =
      ca.sign_request(user_req, rng, from_date(-1, 01, 01), from_date(2, 01, 01));

   // check if known Key_Usage extension is present in CA-signed cert
   result.confirm("Extensions::extension_set true for Key_Usage", ca_signed_cert.v3_extensions().extension_set(ku_oid));

   key_usage_ext = ca_signed_cert.v3_extensions().get(ku_oid);
   if(result.confirm("Key_Usage extension present in CA-signed certificate", key_usage_ext != nullptr)) {
      auto constraints = dynamic_cast<Botan::Cert_Extension::Key_Usage&>(*key_usage_ext).get_constraints();
      result.confirm("Key_Usage extension value matches in user certificate",
                     constraints == Botan::Key_Constraints::DigitalSignature);
   }

   // check if custom extension is present in CA-signed cert
   result.confirm("Extensions::extension_set true for String_Extension",
                  ca_signed_cert.v3_extensions().extension_set(oid));
   string_ext = ca_signed_cert.v3_extensions().get_raw<String_Extension>(oid);
   if(result.confirm("Custom extension present in CA-signed certificate", string_ext != nullptr)) {
      result.test_eq(
         "Custom extension value matches in CA-signed certificate", string_ext->value(), "AAAAAAAAAAAAAABCDEF");
   }

   // check if CDPs are present in the CA-signed cert
   cert_cdps = ca_signed_cert.v3_extensions().get_extension_object_as<Botan::Cert_Extension::CRL_Distribution_Points>();

   if(result.confirm("CRL Distribution Points extension present in self-signed certificate",
                     !cert_cdps->crl_distribution_urls().empty())) {
      for(const auto& cdp : cert_cdps->distribution_points()) {
         result.confirm("CDP URI present in self-signed certificate",
                        std::ranges::find(cdp_urls, cdp.point().get_first_attribute("URI")) != cdp_urls.end());
      }
   }

   return result;
}

Test::Result test_hashes(const Botan::Private_Key& key, const std::string& hash_fn, Botan::RandomNumberGenerator& rng) {
   Test::Result result("X509 Hashes");

   struct TestData {
         const std::string issuer, subject, issuer_hash, subject_hash;
   } const cases[]{{"",
                    "",
                    "E4F60D0AA6D7F3D3B6A6494B1C861B99F649C6F9EC51ABAF201B20F297327C95",
                    "E4F60D0AA6D7F3D3B6A6494B1C861B99F649C6F9EC51ABAF201B20F297327C95"},
                   {"a",
                    "b",
                    "BC2E013472F39AC579964880E422737C82BA812CB8BC2FD17E013060D71E6E19",
                    "5E31CFAA3FAFB1A5BA296A0D2BAB9CA44D7936E9BF0BBC54637D0C53DBC4A432"},
                   {"A",
                    "B",
                    "4B3206201C4BC9B6CD6C36532A97687DF9238155D99ADB60C66BF2B2220643D8",
                    "FFF635A52A16618B4A0E9CD26B5E5A2FA573D343C051E6DE8B0811B1ACC89B86"},
                   {
                      "Test Issuer/US/Botan Project/Testing",
                      "Test Subject/US/Botan Project/Testing",
                      "ACB4F373004A56A983A23EB8F60FA4706312B5DB90FD978574FE7ACC84E093A5",
                      "87039231C2205B74B6F1F3830A66272C0B41F71894B03AC3150221766D95267B",
                   },
                   {
                      "Test Subject/US/Botan Project/Testing",
                      "Test Issuer/US/Botan Project/Testing",
                      "87039231C2205B74B6F1F3830A66272C0B41F71894B03AC3150221766D95267B",
                      "ACB4F373004A56A983A23EB8F60FA4706312B5DB90FD978574FE7ACC84E093A5",
                   }};

   for(const auto& a : cases) {
      Botan::X509_Cert_Options opts{a.issuer};
      opts.CA_key();

      const Botan::X509_Certificate issuer_cert = Botan::X509::create_self_signed_cert(opts, key, hash_fn, rng);

      result.test_eq(a.issuer, Botan::hex_encode(issuer_cert.raw_issuer_dn_sha256()), a.issuer_hash);
      result.test_eq(a.issuer, Botan::hex_encode(issuer_cert.raw_subject_dn_sha256()), a.issuer_hash);

      const Botan::X509_CA ca(issuer_cert, key, hash_fn, rng);
      const Botan::PKCS10_Request req =
         Botan::X509::create_cert_req(Botan::X509_Cert_Options(a.subject), key, hash_fn, rng);
      const Botan::X509_Certificate subject_cert =
         ca.sign_request(req, rng, from_date(-1, 01, 01), from_date(2, 01, 01));

      result.test_eq(a.subject, Botan::hex_encode(subject_cert.raw_issuer_dn_sha256()), a.issuer_hash);
      result.test_eq(a.subject, Botan::hex_encode(subject_cert.raw_subject_dn_sha256()), a.subject_hash);
   }
   return result;
}

   #if defined(BOTAN_TARGET_OS_HAS_FILESYSTEM)

Test::Result test_x509_tn_auth_list_extension_decode() {
   /* cert with TNAuthList extension data was generated by asn1parse cfg:

      asn1=SEQUENCE:tn_auth_list

      [tn_auth_list]
      spc=EXP:0,IA5:1001
      range=EXP:1,SEQUENCE:TelephoneNumberRange
      one=EXP:2,IA5:333

      [TelephoneNumberRange]
      start1=IA5:111
      count1=INT:128
      start2=IA5:222
      count2=INT:256
    */
   const std::string filename("TNAuthList.pem");
   Test::Result result("X509 TNAuthList decode");
   result.start_timer();

   Botan::X509_Certificate cert(Test::data_file("x509/x509test/" + filename));

   using Botan::Cert_Extension::TNAuthList;

   auto tn_auth_list = cert.v3_extensions().get_extension_object_as<TNAuthList>();

   auto& tn_entries = tn_auth_list->entries();

   result.confirm("cert has TNAuthList extension", tn_auth_list != nullptr, true);

   result.test_throws("wrong telephone_number_range() accessor for spc",
                      [&tn_entries] { tn_entries[0].telephone_number_range(); });
   result.test_throws("wrong telephone_number() accessor for range",
                      [&tn_entries] { tn_entries[1].telephone_number(); });
   result.test_throws("wrong service_provider_code() accessor for one",
                      [&tn_entries] { tn_entries[2].service_provider_code(); });

   result.test_eq("spc entry type", tn_entries[0].type() == TNAuthList::Entry::ServiceProviderCode, true);
   result.test_eq("spc entry data", tn_entries[0].service_provider_code(), "1001");

   result.test_eq("range entry type", tn_entries[1].type() == TNAuthList::Entry::TelephoneNumberRange, true);
   auto& range = tn_entries[1].telephone_number_range();
   result.test_eq("range entries count", range.size(), 2);
   result.test_eq("range entry 0 start data", range[0].start.value(), "111");
   result.test_eq("range entry 0 count data", range[0].count, 128);
   result.test_eq("range entry 1 start data", range[1].start.value(), "222");
   result.test_eq("range entry 1 count data", range[1].count, 256);

   result.test_eq("one entry type", tn_entries[2].type() == TNAuthList::Entry::TelephoneNumber, true);
   result.test_eq("one entry data", tn_entries[2].telephone_number(), "333");

   result.end_timer();
   return result;
}

Test::Result test_x509_ip_addr_blocks_extension_decode() {
   Test::Result result("X509 IP Address Block decode");
   result.start_timer();
   const std::string filename("IPAddrBlocksAll.pem");

   Botan::X509_Certificate cert(Test::data_file("x509/x509test/" + filename));

   using Botan::Cert_Extension::IPAddressBlocks;

   auto ip_addr_blocks = cert.v3_extensions().get_extension_object_as<IPAddressBlocks>();

   const auto& addr_blocks = ip_addr_blocks->addr_blocks();
   result.confirm("cert has IPAddrBlocks extension", ip_addr_blocks != nullptr, true);
   result.confirm("cert has exactly one IpAddrBlock", addr_blocks.size() == 2, true);

   const auto& ipv4block =
      std::get<IPAddressBlocks::IPAddressChoice<IPAddressBlocks::Version::IPv4>>(addr_blocks[0].addr_choice());
   const auto& ipv6block =
      std::get<IPAddressBlocks::IPAddressChoice<IPAddressBlocks::Version::IPv6>>(addr_blocks[1].addr_choice());

   auto& v4_blocks = ipv4block.range().value();

   result.confirm("ipv4 block 0 min", v4_blocks[0].min().value() == std::array<uint8_t, 4>{192, 168, 0, 0}, true);
   result.confirm("ipv4 block 0 max", v4_blocks[0].max().value() == std::array<uint8_t, 4>{192, 168, 127, 255}, true);

   result.confirm("ipv4 block 1 min", v4_blocks[1].min().value() == std::array<uint8_t, 4>{193, 168, 0, 0}, true);
   result.confirm("ipv4 block 1 max", v4_blocks[1].max().value() == std::array<uint8_t, 4>{193, 169, 255, 255}, true);

   result.confirm("ipv4 block 2 min", v4_blocks[2].min().value() == std::array<uint8_t, 4>{194, 168, 0, 0}, true);
   result.confirm("ipv4 block 2 max", v4_blocks[2].max().value() == std::array<uint8_t, 4>{195, 175, 1, 2}, true);

   result.confirm("ipv4 block 3 min", v4_blocks[3].min().value() == std::array<uint8_t, 4>{196, 168, 0, 1}, true);
   result.confirm("ipv4 block 3 max", v4_blocks[3].max().value() == std::array<uint8_t, 4>{196, 168, 0, 1}, true);

   auto& v6_blocks = ipv6block.range().value();

   result.confirm("ipv6 block 0 min",
                  v6_blocks[0].min().value() ==
                     std::array<uint8_t, 16>{
                        0xfa, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00},
                  true);

   result.confirm("ipv6 block 0 max",
                  v6_blocks[0].max().value() ==
                     std::array<uint8_t, 16>{
                        0xfa, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff},
                  true);

   result.confirm("ipv6 block 1 min",
                  v6_blocks[1].min().value() ==
                     std::array<uint8_t, 16>{
                        0xfe, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00},
                  true);

   result.confirm("ipv6 block 1 max",
                  v6_blocks[1].max().value() ==
                     std::array<uint8_t, 16>{
                        0xfe, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff},
                  true);

   result.confirm("ipv6 block 2 min",
                  v6_blocks[2].min().value() ==
                     std::array<uint8_t, 16>{
                        0x20, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x68, 0x29, 0x34, 0x35, 0x04, 0x20, 0x10, 0xc5, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc4},
                  true);

   result.confirm("ipv6 block 2 max",
                  v6_blocks[2].max().value() ==
                     std::array<uint8_t, 16>{
                        0x20, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x68, 0x29, 0x34, 0x35, 0x04, 0x20, 0x10, 0xc5, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc4},
                  true);

   result.confirm("ipv6 block 3 min",
                  v6_blocks[3].min().value() ==
                     std::array<uint8_t, 16>{
                        0xab, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01},
                  true);

   result.confirm("ipv6 block 3 max",
                  v6_blocks[3].max().value() ==
                     std::array<uint8_t, 16>{
                        0xcd, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02},
                  true);

   result.end_timer();
   return result;
}

Test::Result test_x509_as_blocks_extension_decode() {
   Test::Result result("X509 AS Block decode");
   result.start_timer();
   using Botan::Cert_Extension::ASBlocks;

   {
      const std::string filename("ASNumberCert.pem");
      Botan::X509_Certificate cert(Test::data_file("x509/x509test/" + filename));

      auto as_blocks = cert.v3_extensions().get_extension_object_as<ASBlocks>();

      const auto& identifier = as_blocks->as_identifiers();
      result.confirm("cert has ASBlock extension", as_blocks != nullptr, true);

      const auto& asnum = identifier.asnum().value().ranges().value();
      const auto& rdi = identifier.rdi().value().ranges().value();

      result.confirm("asnum entry 0 min", asnum[0].min() == 0, true);
      result.confirm("asnum entry 0 max", asnum[0].max() == 999, true);

      result.confirm("asnum entry 1 min", asnum[1].min() == 5042, true);
      result.confirm("asnum entry 1 max", asnum[1].max() == 5042, true);

      result.confirm("asnum entry 2 min", asnum[2].min() == 0, true);
      result.confirm("asnum entry 2 max", asnum[2].max() == 4294967295, true);

      result.confirm("rdi entry 0 min", rdi[0].min() == 1234, true);
      result.confirm("rdi entry 0 max", rdi[0].max() == 5678, true);

      result.confirm("rdi entry 1 min", rdi[1].min() == 32768, true);
      result.confirm("rdi entry 1 max", rdi[1].max() == 32768, true);

      result.confirm("rdi entry 2 min", rdi[2].min() == 0, true);
      result.confirm("rdi entry 2 max", rdi[2].max() == 4294967295, true);
   }
   {
      const std::string filename("ASNumberOnly.pem");
      Botan::X509_Certificate cert(Test::data_file("x509/x509test/" + filename));

      auto as_blocks = cert.v3_extensions().get_extension_object_as<ASBlocks>();

      const auto& identifier = as_blocks->as_identifiers();
      result.confirm("cert has ASBlock extension", as_blocks != nullptr, true);

      const auto& asnum = identifier.asnum().value().ranges().value();
      result.confirm("cert has no RDI entries", identifier.rdi().has_value(), false);

      result.confirm("asnum entry 0 min", asnum[0].min() == 0, true);
      result.confirm("asnum entry 0 max", asnum[0].max() == 999, true);

      result.confirm("asnum entry 1 min", asnum[1].min() == 0, true);
      result.confirm("asnum entry 1 max", asnum[1].max() == 4294967295, true);
   }
   {
      const std::string filename("ASRdiOnly.pem");
      Botan::X509_Certificate cert(Test::data_file("x509/x509test/" + filename));

      auto as_blocks = cert.v3_extensions().get_extension_object_as<ASBlocks>();

      const auto& identifier = as_blocks->as_identifiers();
      result.confirm("cert has ASBlock extension", as_blocks != nullptr, true);

      result.confirm("cert has no ASNUM entries", identifier.asnum().has_value(), false);
      const auto& rdi = identifier.rdi().value().ranges().value();

      result.confirm("rdi entry 0 min", rdi[0].min() == 1234, true);
      result.confirm("rdi entry 0 max", rdi[0].max() == 5678, true);

      result.confirm("rdi entry 1 min", rdi[1].min() == 0, true);
      result.confirm("rdi entry 1 max", rdi[1].max() == 4294967295, true);
   }
   {
      const std::string filename("ASNumberInherit.pem");
      Botan::X509_Certificate cert(Test::data_file("x509/x509test/" + filename));

      auto as_blocks = cert.v3_extensions().get_extension_object_as<ASBlocks>();

      const auto& identifier = as_blocks->as_identifiers();
      result.confirm("cert has ASBlock extension", as_blocks != nullptr, true);

      result.confirm("asnum has no entries", identifier.asnum().value().ranges().has_value(), false);
      const auto& rdi = identifier.rdi().value().ranges().value();

      result.confirm("rdi entry 0 min", rdi[0].min() == 1234, true);
      result.confirm("rdi entry 0 max", rdi[0].max() == 5678, true);

      result.confirm("rdi entry 1 min", rdi[1].min() == 0, true);
      result.confirm("rdi entry 1 max", rdi[1].max() == 4294967295, true);
   }

   result.end_timer();
   return result;
}

   #endif

Test::Result test_x509_ip_addr_blocks_extension_encode() {
   Test::Result result("X509 IP Address Block encode");
   #if defined(BOTAN_HAS_RSA)
   result.start_timer();

   using Botan::Cert_Extension::IPAddressBlocks;

   auto rng = Test::new_rng(__func__);

   const std::string sig_algo{"RSA"};
   const std::string hash_fn{"SHA-256"};
   const std::string padding_method{"EMSA3(SHA-256)"};

   for(size_t i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
      bool push_ipv4_ranges = i & 1;
      bool push_ipv6_ranges = i >> 1 & 1;
      bool inherit_ipv4 = i >> 2 & 1;
      bool inherit_ipv6 = i >> 3 & 1;
      bool push_ipv4_family = i >> 4 & 1;
      bool push_ipv6_family = i >> 5 & 1;

      auto ca_key = make_a_private_key(sig_algo, *rng);
      result.require("CA key", ca_key != nullptr);
      const auto ca_cert = Botan::X509::create_self_signed_cert(ca_opts(), *ca_key, hash_fn, *rng);
      Botan::X509_CA ca(ca_cert, *ca_key, hash_fn, padding_method, *rng);

      auto key = make_a_private_key(sig_algo, *rng);

      Botan::X509_Cert_Options opts1 = req_opts1(sig_algo);

      std::vector<uint8_t> a = {123, 123, 2, 1};
      auto ipv4_1 = IPAddressBlocks::IPAddress<IPAddressBlocks::Version::IPv4>(a);
      a = {255, 255, 255, 255};
      auto ipv4_2 = IPAddressBlocks::IPAddress<IPAddressBlocks::Version::IPv4>(a);

      // encoded as min, max
      a = {127, 0, 0, 1};
      auto ipv4_range_1_min = IPAddressBlocks::IPAddress<IPAddressBlocks::Version::IPv4>(a);
      a = {189, 5, 7, 255};
      auto ipv4_range_1_max = IPAddressBlocks::IPAddress<IPAddressBlocks::Version::IPv4>(a);

      // encoded as prefix
      a = {190, 5, 0, 0};
      auto ipv4_range_2_min = IPAddressBlocks::IPAddress<IPAddressBlocks::Version::IPv4>(a);
      a = {190, 5, 127, 255};
      auto ipv4_range_2_max = IPAddressBlocks::IPAddress<IPAddressBlocks::Version::IPv4>(a);

      a = {0xab, 0xcd, 0xde, 0xf0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
      auto ipv6_1 = IPAddressBlocks::IPAddress<IPAddressBlocks::Version::IPv6>(a);
      a = {0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff};
      auto ipv6_2 = IPAddressBlocks::IPAddress<IPAddressBlocks::Version::IPv6>(a);

      // encoded as min, max
      a = {0xaf, 0x23, 0x34, 0x45, 0x67, 0x2a, 0x7d, 0xef, 0x8c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x66, 0x00, 0x52, 0x00};
      auto ipv6_range_1_min = IPAddressBlocks::IPAddress<IPAddressBlocks::Version::IPv6>(a);

      a = {0xaf, 0xcd, 0xde, 0xf0, 0x00, 0x0f, 0xee, 0x00, 0xbb, 0x4a, 0x9b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x4c, 0x00, 0xcc};
      auto ipv6_range_1_max = IPAddressBlocks::IPAddress<IPAddressBlocks::Version::IPv6>(a);

      // encoded as prefix
      a = {0xbf, 0xcd, 0xde, 0xf0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
      auto ipv6_range_2_min = IPAddressBlocks::IPAddress<IPAddressBlocks::Version::IPv6>(a);
      a = {0xbf, 0xcd, 0xde, 0xf0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff};
      auto ipv6_range_2_max = IPAddressBlocks::IPAddress<IPAddressBlocks::Version::IPv6>(a);

      auto ipv4_range_1 = IPAddressBlocks::IPAddressOrRange<IPAddressBlocks::Version::IPv4>(ipv4_1);
      auto ipv4_range_2 =
         IPAddressBlocks::IPAddressOrRange<IPAddressBlocks::Version::IPv4>(ipv4_range_1_min, ipv4_range_1_max);
      auto ipv4_range_3 =
         IPAddressBlocks::IPAddressOrRange<IPAddressBlocks::Version::IPv4>(ipv4_range_2_min, ipv4_range_2_max);
      auto ipv4_range_4 = IPAddressBlocks::IPAddressOrRange<IPAddressBlocks::Version::IPv4>(ipv4_2);

      auto ipv6_range_1 = IPAddressBlocks::IPAddressOrRange<IPAddressBlocks::Version::IPv6>(ipv6_1);
      auto ipv6_range_2 =
         IPAddressBlocks::IPAddressOrRange<IPAddressBlocks::Version::IPv6>(ipv6_range_1_min, ipv6_range_1_max);
      auto ipv6_range_3 =
         IPAddressBlocks::IPAddressOrRange<IPAddressBlocks::Version::IPv6>(ipv6_range_2_min, ipv6_range_2_max);
      auto ipv6_range_4 = IPAddressBlocks::IPAddressOrRange<IPAddressBlocks::Version::IPv6>(ipv6_2);

      std::vector<IPAddressBlocks::IPAddressOrRange<IPAddressBlocks::Version::IPv4>> ipv4_ranges;
      if(push_ipv4_ranges) {
         ipv4_ranges.push_back(ipv4_range_1);
         ipv4_ranges.push_back(ipv4_range_2);
         ipv4_ranges.push_back(ipv4_range_3);
         ipv4_ranges.push_back(ipv4_range_4);
      }

      std::vector<IPAddressBlocks::IPAddressOrRange<IPAddressBlocks::Version::IPv6>> ipv6_ranges;
      if(push_ipv6_ranges) {
         ipv6_ranges.push_back(ipv6_range_1);
         ipv6_ranges.push_back(ipv6_range_2);
         ipv6_ranges.push_back(ipv6_range_3);
         ipv6_ranges.push_back(ipv6_range_4);
      }

      auto ipv4_addr_choice = IPAddressBlocks::IPAddressChoice<IPAddressBlocks::Version::IPv4>();
      if(!inherit_ipv4) {
         ipv4_addr_choice.set_range(ipv4_ranges);
      }

      auto ipv6_addr_choice = IPAddressBlocks::IPAddressChoice<IPAddressBlocks::Version::IPv6>();
      if(!inherit_ipv6) {
         ipv6_addr_choice.set_range(ipv6_ranges);
      }

      std::vector<uint8_t> afi = {0, 1};
      auto ipv4_addr_family = IPAddressBlocks::IPAddressFamily(std::span(afi), ipv4_addr_choice);

      afi = {0, 2};
      auto ipv6_addr_family = IPAddressBlocks::IPAddressFamily(std::span(afi), ipv6_addr_choice);

      std::vector<IPAddressBlocks::IPAddressFamily> addr_blocks;
      if(push_ipv4_family) {
         addr_blocks.push_back(ipv4_addr_family);
      }
      if(push_ipv6_family) {
         addr_blocks.push_back(ipv6_addr_family);
      }

      std::unique_ptr<IPAddressBlocks> blocks = std::make_unique<IPAddressBlocks>();
      blocks->set_addr_blocks(addr_blocks);

      opts1.extensions.add(std::move(blocks));

      Botan::PKCS10_Request req = Botan::X509::create_cert_req(opts1, *key, hash_fn, *rng);
      Botan::X509_Certificate cert = ca.sign_request(req, *rng, from_date(-1, 01, 01), from_date(2, 01, 01));
      {
         auto ip_blocks = cert.v3_extensions().get_extension_object_as<IPAddressBlocks>();
         result.confirm("cert has IPAddrBlocks extension", ip_blocks != nullptr, true);

         const auto& dec_addr_blocks = ip_blocks->addr_blocks();
         if(!push_ipv4_family && !push_ipv6_family) {
            result.confirm("no address family entries", dec_addr_blocks.empty(), true);
            continue;
         }

         if(push_ipv4_family) {
            auto family = dec_addr_blocks[0];
            result.confirm("ipv4 family afi", ipv4_addr_family.addr_family() == family.addr_family(), true);
            auto choice =
               std::get<IPAddressBlocks::IPAddressChoice<IPAddressBlocks::Version::IPv4>>(family.addr_choice());

            if(!inherit_ipv4) {
               auto ranges = choice.range().value();
               if(push_ipv4_ranges) {
                  result.confirm("ipv4 entry 0 min", ranges[0].min().value() == ipv4_range_1.min().value(), true);
                  result.confirm("ipv4 entry 0 max", ranges[0].max().value() == ipv4_range_1.max().value(), true);
                  result.confirm("ipv4 entry 1 min", ranges[1].min().value() == ipv4_range_2.min().value(), true);
                  result.confirm("ipv4 entry 1 max", ranges[1].max().value() == ipv4_range_2.max().value(), true);
                  result.confirm("ipv4 entry 2 min", ranges[2].min().value() == ipv4_range_3.min().value(), true);
                  result.confirm("ipv4 entry 2 max", ranges[2].max().value() == ipv4_range_3.max().value(), true);
                  result.confirm("ipv4 entry 3 min", ranges[3].min().value() == ipv4_range_4.min().value(), true);
                  result.confirm("ipv4 entry 3 max", ranges[3].max().value() == ipv4_range_4.max().value(), true);
               } else {
                  result.confirm("ipv4 range has no entries", ranges.empty(), true);
               }
            } else {
               result.confirm("ipv4 family inherit", choice.range().has_value(), false);
            }
         }

         if(push_ipv6_family) {
            auto family = dec_addr_blocks[dec_addr_blocks.size() - 1];
            result.confirm("ipv6 family afi", ipv6_addr_family.addr_family() == family.addr_family(), true);
            auto choice =
               std::get<IPAddressBlocks::IPAddressChoice<IPAddressBlocks::Version::IPv6>>(family.addr_choice());
            if(!inherit_ipv6) {
               auto ranges = choice.range().value();
               if(push_ipv6_ranges) {
                  result.confirm("ipv6 entry 0 min", ranges[0].min().value() == ipv6_range_1.min().value(), true);
                  result.confirm("ipv6 entry 0 max", ranges[0].max().value() == ipv6_range_1.max().value(), true);
                  result.confirm("ipv6 entry 1 min", ranges[1].min().value() == ipv6_range_2.min().value(), true);
                  result.confirm("ipv6 entry 1 max", ranges[1].max().value() == ipv6_range_2.max().value(), true);
                  result.confirm("ipv6 entry 2 min", ranges[2].min().value() == ipv6_range_3.min().value(), true);
                  result.confirm("ipv6 entry 2 max", ranges[2].max().value() == ipv6_range_3.max().value(), true);
                  result.confirm("ipv6 entry 3 min", ranges[3].min().value() == ipv6_range_4.min().value(), true);
                  result.confirm("ipv6 entry 3 max", ranges[3].max().value() == ipv6_range_4.max().value(), true);
               } else {
                  result.confirm("ipv6 range has no entries", ranges.empty(), true);
               }
            } else {
               result.confirm("ipv6 family inherit", choice.range().has_value(), false);
            }
         }
      }
   }

   result.end_timer();
   #endif
   return result;
}

Test::Result test_x509_ip_addr_blocks_extension_encode_edge_cases() {
   Test::Result result("X509 IP Address Block encode edge cases");
   #if defined(BOTAN_HAS_RSA)
   result.start_timer();

   using Botan::Cert_Extension::IPAddressBlocks;

   auto rng = Test::new_rng(__func__);

   const std::string sig_algo{"RSA"};
   const std::string hash_fn{"SHA-256"};
   const std::string padding_method{"EMSA3(SHA-256)"};

   // trailing 0s, trailing 1s, and some arbitrary values
   std::vector<uint8_t> edge_values = {2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 0, 1, 3, 7, 15, 31, 63, 127, 255, 12, 46, 123, 234};

   for(size_t i = 0; i < edge_values.size(); i++) {
      for(size_t j = 0; j < 18; j++) {
         auto ca_key = make_a_private_key(sig_algo, *rng);
         result.require("CA key", ca_key != nullptr);
         const auto ca_cert = Botan::X509::create_self_signed_cert(ca_opts(), *ca_key, hash_fn, *rng);
         Botan::X509_CA ca(ca_cert, *ca_key, hash_fn, padding_method, *rng);

         auto key = make_a_private_key(sig_algo, *rng);

         Botan::X509_Cert_Options opts1 = req_opts1(sig_algo);

         std::vector<uint8_t> min_bytes = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
         std::vector<uint8_t> max_bytes = {
            255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255};

         min_bytes[15 - (j < 2 ? 0 : j - 2)] = edge_values[i];
         max_bytes[15 - (j > 15 ? 15 : j)] = edge_values[i];

         auto address_min = IPAddressBlocks::IPAddress<IPAddressBlocks::Version::IPv6>(min_bytes);
         auto address_max = IPAddressBlocks::IPAddress<IPAddressBlocks::Version::IPv6>(max_bytes);

         auto ipv6_range = IPAddressBlocks::IPAddressOrRange<IPAddressBlocks::Version::IPv6>(address_min, address_max);

         std::vector<IPAddressBlocks::IPAddressOrRange<IPAddressBlocks::Version::IPv6>> ipv6_ranges;
         ipv6_ranges.push_back(ipv6_range);

         auto ipv6_addr_choice = IPAddressBlocks::IPAddressChoice<IPAddressBlocks::Version::IPv6>();
         ipv6_addr_choice.set_range(ipv6_ranges);

         std::vector<uint8_t> afi = {0, 2};
         auto ipv6_addr_family = IPAddressBlocks::IPAddressFamily(afi, ipv6_addr_choice);

         std::vector<IPAddressBlocks::IPAddressFamily> addr_blocks;
         addr_blocks.push_back(ipv6_addr_family);

         std::unique_ptr<IPAddressBlocks> blocks = std::make_unique<IPAddressBlocks>();
         blocks->set_addr_blocks(addr_blocks);

         opts1.extensions.add(std::move(blocks));

         Botan::PKCS10_Request req = Botan::X509::create_cert_req(opts1, *key, hash_fn, *rng);
         Botan::X509_Certificate cert = ca.sign_request(req, *rng, from_date(-1, 01, 01), from_date(2, 01, 01));
         {
            auto ip_blocks = cert.v3_extensions().get_extension_object_as<IPAddressBlocks>();
            result.confirm("cert has IPAddrBlocks extension", ip_blocks != nullptr, true);
            const auto& dec_addr_blocks = ip_blocks->addr_blocks();
            auto family = dec_addr_blocks[0];
            result.confirm("ipv6 family afi", ipv6_addr_family.addr_family() == family.addr_family(), true);
            auto choice =
               std::get<IPAddressBlocks::IPAddressChoice<IPAddressBlocks::Version::IPv6>>(family.addr_choice());
            auto ranges = choice.range().value();

            result.confirm("ipv6 edge case min", ranges[0].min().value() == ipv6_range.min().value(), true);
            result.confirm("ipv6 edge case max", ranges[0].max().value() == ipv6_range.max().value(), true);
         }
      }
   }
   result.end_timer();
   #endif
   return result;
}

Test::Result test_x509_as_blocks_extension_encode() {
   Test::Result result("X509 AS Number encode");
   #if defined(BOTAN_HAS_RSA)
   result.start_timer();

   using Botan::Cert_Extension::ASBlocks;

   auto rng = Test::new_rng(__func__);

   const std::string sig_algo{"RSA"};
   const std::string hash_fn{"SHA-256"};
   const std::string padding_method{"EMSA3(SHA-256)"};

   for(size_t i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
      bool push_asnum = i & 1;
      bool push_rdi = i >> 1 & 1;
      bool include_asnum = i >> 2 & 1;
      bool include_rdi = i >> 3 & 1;

      ASBlocks::ASIdOrRange asnum_id_or_range0 = ASBlocks::ASIdOrRange(0, 999);

      ASBlocks::ASIdOrRange asnum_id_or_range1 = ASBlocks::ASIdOrRange(5042);

      ASBlocks::ASIdOrRange asnum_id_or_range2 = ASBlocks::ASIdOrRange(5043, 4294967295);

      ASBlocks::ASIdOrRange rdi_id_or_range0 = ASBlocks::ASIdOrRange(1234, 5678);

      ASBlocks::ASIdOrRange rdi_id_or_range1 = ASBlocks::ASIdOrRange(32768);

      ASBlocks::ASIdOrRange rdi_id_or_range2 = ASBlocks::ASIdOrRange(32769, 4294967295);

      std::vector<ASBlocks::ASIdOrRange> as_ranges;
      if(push_asnum) {
         as_ranges.push_back(asnum_id_or_range0);
         as_ranges.push_back(asnum_id_or_range1);
         as_ranges.push_back(asnum_id_or_range2);
      }

      std::vector<ASBlocks::ASIdOrRange> rdi_ranges;
      if(push_rdi) {
         rdi_ranges.push_back(rdi_id_or_range0);
         rdi_ranges.push_back(rdi_id_or_range1);
         rdi_ranges.push_back(rdi_id_or_range2);
      }

      ASBlocks::ASIdentifierChoice asnum = ASBlocks::ASIdentifierChoice(std::optional(as_ranges));
      ASBlocks::ASIdentifierChoice rdi = ASBlocks::ASIdentifierChoice(std::optional(rdi_ranges));

      ASBlocks::ASIdentifiers ident = ASBlocks::ASIdentifiers(include_asnum ? std::optional(asnum) : std::nullopt,
                                                              include_rdi ? std::optional(rdi) : std::nullopt);

      std::unique_ptr<ASBlocks> blocks = std::make_unique<ASBlocks>(ident);

      auto ca_key = make_a_private_key(sig_algo, *rng);
      result.require("CA key", ca_key != nullptr);
      const auto ca_cert = Botan::X509::create_self_signed_cert(ca_opts(), *ca_key, hash_fn, *rng);
      Botan::X509_CA ca(ca_cert, *ca_key, hash_fn, padding_method, *rng);
      auto key = make_a_private_key(sig_algo, *rng);

      Botan::X509_Cert_Options opts1 = req_opts1(sig_algo);
      opts1.extensions.add(std::move(blocks));

      Botan::PKCS10_Request req = Botan::X509::create_cert_req(opts1, *key, hash_fn, *rng);
      Botan::X509_Certificate cert = ca.sign_request(req, *rng, from_date(-1, 01, 01), from_date(2, 01, 01));

      {
         auto as_blocks = cert.v3_extensions().get_extension_object_as<ASBlocks>();
         result.confirm("cert has ASBlock extension", as_blocks != nullptr, true);

         const auto& identifier = as_blocks->as_identifiers();

         if(include_asnum) {
            const auto& asnum_entries = identifier.asnum().value().ranges().value();

            if(push_asnum) {
               result.confirm("asnum entry 0 min", asnum_entries[0].min() == 0, true);
               result.confirm("asnum entry 0 max", asnum_entries[0].max() == 999, true);

               result.confirm("asnum entry 1 min", asnum_entries[1].min() == 5042, true);
               result.confirm("asnum entry 1 max", asnum_entries[1].max() == 5042, true);

               result.confirm("asnum entry 2 min", asnum_entries[2].min() == 5043, true);
               result.confirm("asnum entry 2 max", asnum_entries[2].max() == 4294967295, true);
            } else {
               result.confirm("asnum has no entries", asnum_entries.empty(), true);
            }
         } else {
            result.confirm("no asnum entry", identifier.asnum().has_value(), false);
         }

         if(include_rdi) {
            const auto& rdi_entries = identifier.rdi().value().ranges().value();

            if(push_rdi) {
               result.confirm("rdi entry 0 min", rdi_entries[0].min() == 1234, true);
               result.confirm("rdi entry 0 max", rdi_entries[0].max() == 5678, true);

               result.confirm("rdi entry 1 min", rdi_entries[1].min() == 32768, true);
               result.confirm("rdi entry 1 max", rdi_entries[1].max() == 32768, true);

               result.confirm("rdi entry 2 min", rdi_entries[2].min() == 32769, true);
               result.confirm("rdi entry 2 max", rdi_entries[2].max() == 4294967295, true);
            } else {
               result.confirm("rdi has no entries", rdi_entries.empty(), true);
            }
         } else {
            result.confirm("rdi has no entry", identifier.rdi().has_value(), false);
         }
      }
   }

   result.end_timer();
   #endif
   return result;
}

std::vector<std::string> get_sig_paddings(const std::string& sig_algo, const std::string& hash) {
   if(sig_algo == "RSA") {
      return {"EMSA3(" + hash + ")", "EMSA4(" + hash + ")"};
   } else if(sig_algo == "DSA" || sig_algo == "ECDSA" || sig_algo == "ECGDSA" || sig_algo == "ECKCDSA" ||
             sig_algo == "GOST-34.10") {
      return {hash};
   } else if(sig_algo == "Ed25519" || sig_algo == "Ed448") {
      return {"Pure"};
   } else if(sig_algo == "Dilithium" || sig_algo == "ML-DSA") {
      return {"Randomized"};
   } else if(sig_algo == "HSS-LMS") {
      return {""};
   } else {
      return {};
   }
}

class X509_Cert_Unit_Tests final : public Test {
   public:
      std::vector<Test::Result> run() override {
         std::vector<Test::Result> results;

         auto& rng = this->rng();

         const std::string sig_algos[]{"RSA",
                                       "DSA",
                                       "ECDSA",
                                       "ECGDSA",
                                       "ECKCDSA",
                                       "GOST-34.10",
                                       "Ed25519",
                                       "Ed448",
                                       "Dilithium",
                                       "ML-DSA",
                                       "SLH-DSA",
                                       "HSS-LMS"};

         for(const std::string& algo : sig_algos) {
   #if !defined(BOTAN_HAS_EMSA_PKCS1)
            if(algo == "RSA")
               continue;
   #endif

            std::string hash = "SHA-256";

            if(algo == "Ed25519") {
               hash = "SHA-512";
            }
            if(algo == "Ed448") {
               hash = "SHAKE-256(912)";
            }
            if(algo == "Dilithium" || algo == "ML-DSA") {
               hash = "SHAKE-256(512)";
            }

            auto key = make_a_private_key(algo, rng);

            if(key == nullptr) {
               continue;
            }

            results.push_back(test_hashes(*key, hash, rng));
            results.push_back(test_valid_constraints(*key, algo));

            Test::Result usage_result("X509 Usage");
            try {
               usage_result.merge(test_usage(*key, algo, hash, rng));
            } catch(std::exception& e) {
               usage_result.test_failure("test_usage " + algo, e.what());
            }
            results.push_back(usage_result);

            for(const auto& padding_scheme : get_sig_paddings(algo, hash)) {
               Test::Result cert_result("X509 Unit");

               try {
                  cert_result.merge(test_x509_cert(*key, algo, padding_scheme, hash, rng));
               } catch(std::exception& e) {
                  cert_result.test_failure("test_x509_cert " + algo, e.what());
               }
               results.push_back(cert_result);

               Test::Result pkcs10_result("PKCS10 extensions");
               try {
                  pkcs10_result.merge(test_pkcs10_ext(*key, padding_scheme, hash, rng));
               } catch(std::exception& e) {
                  pkcs10_result.test_failure("test_pkcs10_ext " + algo, e.what());
               }
               results.push_back(pkcs10_result);

               Test::Result self_issued_result("X509 Self Issued");
               try {
                  self_issued_result.merge(test_self_issued(*key, algo, padding_scheme, hash, rng));
               } catch(std::exception& e) {
                  self_issued_result.test_failure("test_self_issued " + algo, e.what());
               }
               results.push_back(self_issued_result);

               Test::Result extensions_result("X509 Extensions");
               try {
                  extensions_result.merge(test_x509_extensions(*key, algo, padding_scheme, hash, rng));
               } catch(std::exception& e) {
                  extensions_result.test_failure("test_extensions " + algo, e.what());
               }
               results.push_back(extensions_result);

               Test::Result custom_dn_result("X509 Custom DN");
               try {
                  custom_dn_result.merge(test_custom_dn_attr(*key, algo, padding_scheme, hash, rng));
               } catch(std::exception& e) {
                  custom_dn_result.test_failure("test_custom_dn_attr " + algo, e.what());
               }
               results.push_back(custom_dn_result);
            }
         }

         /*
         These are algos which cannot sign but can be included in certs
         */
         const std::vector<std::string> enc_algos = {
            "DH", "ECDH", "ElGamal", "Kyber", "ML-KEM", "FrodoKEM", "ClassicMcEliece"};

         for(const std::string& algo : enc_algos) {
            auto key = make_a_private_key(algo, rng);

            if(key) {
               results.push_back(test_valid_constraints(*key, algo));
            }
         }

   #if defined(BOTAN_TARGET_OS_HAS_FILESYSTEM) && defined(BOTAN_HAS_EMSA_PKCS1) && defined(BOTAN_HAS_EMSA_PSSR) && \
      defined(BOTAN_HAS_RSA)
         Test::Result pad_config_result("X509 Padding Config");
         try {
            pad_config_result.merge(test_padding_config());
         } catch(const std::exception& e) {
            pad_config_result.test_failure("test_padding_config", e.what());
         }
         results.push_back(pad_config_result);
   #endif

   #if defined(BOTAN_TARGET_OS_HAS_FILESYSTEM)
         results.push_back(test_x509_utf8());
         results.push_back(test_x509_bmpstring());
         results.push_back(test_x509_teletex());
         results.push_back(test_crl_dn_name());
         results.push_back(test_rdn_multielement_set_name());
         results.push_back(test_x509_decode_list());
         results.push_back(test_rsa_oaep());
         results.push_back(test_x509_authority_info_access_extension());
         results.push_back(test_verify_gost2012_cert());
         results.push_back(test_parse_rsa_pss_cert());
         results.push_back(test_x509_tn_auth_list_extension_decode());
         results.push_back(test_x509_ip_addr_blocks_extension_decode());
         results.push_back(test_x509_as_blocks_extension_decode());
   #endif

         results.push_back(test_x509_ip_addr_blocks_extension_encode());
         results.push_back(test_x509_ip_addr_blocks_extension_encode_edge_cases());
         results.push_back(test_x509_as_blocks_extension_encode());
         results.push_back(test_x509_encode_authority_info_access_extension());
         results.push_back(test_x509_extension());
         results.push_back(test_x509_dates());
         results.push_back(test_cert_status_strings());
         results.push_back(test_x509_uninit());

         return results;
      }
};

BOTAN_REGISTER_TEST("x509", "x509_unit", X509_Cert_Unit_Tests);

#endif

}  // namespace

}  // namespace Botan_Tests

randombit / botan / 12931924536

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