jorgen.edelbo_402

Committed 21 Aug 2024 11:10AM UTC coverage: 91.054% (-0.03%) from 91.085%

Build # jorgen.edelbo_402

Build Type

Pull #7803

Evergreen

Committed by

jedelbo

Commit Message

Small fix to Table::typed_write

When writing the realm to a new file from a write transaction,
the Table may be COW so that the top ref is changed. So don't
use the ref that is present in the group when the operation starts.

Pull Request Pull Request #7803: Feature/string compression

Run Details

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695 existing lines in 51 files now uncovered.

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91.14

/src/realm/table.cpp

/*************************************************************************
 *
 * Copyright 2016 Realm Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 *
 **************************************************************************/

#include <realm/table.hpp>

#include <realm/alloc_slab.hpp>
#include <realm/array_binary.hpp>
#include <realm/array_bool.hpp>
#include <realm/array_decimal128.hpp>
#include <realm/array_fixed_bytes.hpp>
#include <realm/array_string.hpp>
#include <realm/array_timestamp.hpp>
#include <realm/db.hpp>
#include <realm/dictionary.hpp>
#include <realm/exceptions.hpp>
#include <realm/impl/destroy_guard.hpp>
#include <realm/index_string.hpp>
#include <realm/query_conditions_tpl.hpp>
#include <realm/replication.hpp>
#include <realm/table_view.hpp>
#include <realm/util/features.h>
#include <realm/util/serializer.hpp>
#include <realm/string_interner.hpp>

#include <stdexcept>

#ifdef REALM_DEBUG
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#endif

/// \page AccessorConsistencyLevels
///
/// These are the three important levels of consistency of a hierarchy of
/// Realm accessors rooted in a common group accessor (tables, columns, rows,
/// descriptors, arrays):
///
/// ### Fully Consistent Accessor Hierarchy (or just "Full Consistency")
///
/// All attached accessors are in a fully valid state and can be freely used by
/// the application. From the point of view of the application, the accessor
/// hierarchy remains in this state as long as no library function throws.
///
/// If a library function throws, and the exception is one that is considered
/// part of the API, such as util::File::NotFound, then the accessor hierarchy
/// remains fully consistent. In all other cases, such as when a library
/// function fails because of memory exhaustion, and it throws std::bad_alloc,
/// the application may no longer assume anything beyond minimal consistency.
///
/// ### Minimally Consistent Accessor Hierarchy (or just "Minimal Consistency")
///
/// No correspondence between the accessor states and the underlying node
/// structure can be assumed, but all parent and child accessor references are
/// valid (i.e., not dangling). There are specific additional guarantees, but
/// only on some parts of the internal accessors states, and only on some parts
/// of the structural state.
///
/// This level of consistency is guaranteed at all times, and it is also the
/// **maximum** that may be assumed by the application after a library function
/// fails by throwing an unexpected exception (such as std::bad_alloc). It is
/// also the **minimum** level of consistency that is required to be able to
/// properly destroy the accessor objects (manually, or as a result of stack
/// unwinding).
///
/// It is supposed to be a library-wide invariant that an accessor hierarchy is
/// at least minimally consistent, but so far, only some parts of the library
/// conform to it.
///
/// Note: With proper use, and maintenance of Minimal Consistency, it is
/// possible to ensure that no memory is leaked after a group accessor is
/// destroyed, even after a library function has failed because of memory
/// exhaustion. This is possible because the underlying nodes are allocated in
/// the context of the group, and they can all be freed by the group when it is
/// destroyed. On the other hand, when working with free-standing tables, each
/// underlying node is allocated individually on the heap, so in this case we
/// cannot prevent memory leaks, because there is no way of knowing what to free
/// when the table accessor is destroyed.
///
/// ### Structurally Correspondent Accessor Hierarchy (or simply "Structural Correspondence")
///
/// The structure of the accessor hierarchy is in agreement with the underlying
/// node structure, but the refs (references to underlying nodes) are generally
/// not valid, and certain other parts of the accessor states are also generally
/// not valid. This state of consistency is important mainly during the
/// advancing of read transactions (implicit transactions), and is not exposed
/// to the application.
///
///
/// Below is a detailed specification of the requirements for Minimal
/// Consistency and for Structural Correspondence.
///
///
/// Minimally Consistent Accessor Hierarchy (accessor destruction)
/// --------------------------------------------------------------
///
/// This section defines a level of accessor consistency known as "Minimally
/// Consistent Accessor Hierarchy". It applies to a set of accessors rooted in a
/// common group. It does not imply any level of correspondance between the
/// state of the accessors and the underlying node structure. It enables safe
/// destruction of the accessor objects by requiring that the following items
/// are valid (the list may not yet be complete):
///
///  - Every allocated accessor is either a group accessor, or occurs as a
///    direct, or an indirect child of a group accessor.
///
///  - No allocated accessor occurs as a child more than once (for example, no
///    doublets are allowed in Group::m_table_accessors).
///
///  - The 'is_attached' property of array accessors (Array::m_data == 0). For
///    example, `Table::m_top` is attached if and only if that table accessor
///    was attached to a table with independent dynamic type.
///
///  - The 'parent' property of array accessors (Array::m_parent), but
///    crucially, **not** the `index_in_parent` property.
///
///  - The list of table accessors in a group accessor
///    (Group::m_table_accessors). All non-null pointers refer to existing table
///    accessors.
///
///  - The list of column accessors in a table acccessor (Table::m_cols). All
///    non-null pointers refer to existing column accessors.
///
///  - The 'root_array' property of a column accessor (ColumnBase::m_array). It
///    always refers to an existing array accessor. The exact type of that array
///    accessor must be determinable from the following properties of itself:
///    `is_inner_bptree_node` (Array::m_is_inner_bptree_node), `has_refs`
///    (Array::m_has_refs), and `context_flag` (Array::m_context_flag). This
///    allows for a column accessor to be properly destroyed.
///
///  - The map of subtable accessors in a column acccessor
///    (SubtableColumnBase:m_subtable_map). All pointers refer to existing
///    subtable accessors, but it is not required that the set of subtable
///    accessors referenced from a particular parent P conincide with the set of
///    subtables accessors specifying P as parent.
///
///  - The `descriptor` property of a table accesor (Table::m_descriptor). If it
///    is not null, then it refers to an existing descriptor accessor.
///
///  - The map of subdescriptor accessors in a descriptor accessor
///    (Descriptor::m_subdesc_map). All non-null pointers refer to existing
///    subdescriptor accessors.
///
///  - The `search_index` property of a column accesor (StringColumn::m_index,
///    StringEnumColumn::m_index). When it is non-null, it refers to an existing
///    search index accessor.
///
///
/// Structurally Correspondent Accessor Hierarchy (accessor reattachment)
/// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
///
/// This section defines what it means for an accessor hierarchy to be
/// "Structurally Correspondent". It applies to a set of accessors rooted in a
/// common group. The general idea is that the structure of the accessors must
/// match the underlying structure to such an extent that there is never any
/// doubt about which underlying node that corresponds with a particular
/// accessor. It is assumed that the accessor tree, and the underlying node
/// structure are structurally sound individually.
///
/// With this level of correspondence, it is possible to reattach the accessor
/// tree to the underlying node structure (Table::refresh_accessor_tree()).
///
/// While all the accessors in the tree must be in the attached state (before
/// reattachement), they are not required to refer to existing underlying nodes;
/// that is, their references **are** allowed to be dangling. Roughly speaking,
/// this means that the accessor tree must have been attached to a node
/// structure at some earlier point in time.
///
//
/// Requirements at group level:
///
///  - The number of tables in the underlying group must be equal to the number
///    of entries in `Group::m_table_accessors` in the group accessor.
///
///  - For each table in the underlying group, the corresponding entry in
///    `Table::m_table_accessors` (at same index) is either null, or points to a
///    table accessor that satisfies all the "requirements for a table".
///
/// Requirements for a table:
///
///  - The corresponding underlying table has independent descriptor if, and
///    only if `Table::m_top` is attached.
///
///  - The row index of every row accessor is strictly less than the number of
///    rows in the underlying table.
///
///  - If `Table::m_columns` is unattached (degenerate table), then
///    `Table::m_cols` is empty, otherwise the number of columns in the
///    underlying table is equal to the number of entries in `Table::m_cols`.
///
///  - Each entry in `Table::m_cols` is either null, or points to a column
///    accessor whose type agrees with the data type (realm::DataType) of the
///    corresponding underlying column (at same index).
///
///  - If a column accessor is of type `StringEnumColumn`, then the
///    corresponding underlying column must be an enumerated strings column (the
///    reverse is not required).
///
///  - If a column accessor is equipped with a search index accessor, then the
///    corresponding underlying column must be equipped with a search index (the
///    reverse is not required).
///
///  - For each entry in the subtable map of a column accessor there must be an
///    underlying subtable at column `i` and row `j`, where `i` is the index of
///    the column accessor in `Table::m_cols`, and `j` is the value of
///    `SubtableColumnBase::SubtableMap::entry::m_subtable_ndx`. The
///    corresponding subtable accessor must satisfy all the "requirements for a
///    table" with respect to that underlying subtable.
///
///  - It the table refers to a descriptor accessor (only possible for tables
///    with independent descriptor), then that descriptor accessor must satisfy
///    all the "requirements for a descriptor" with respect to the underlying
///    spec structure (of this table).
///
/// Requirements for a descriptor:
///
///  - For each entry in the subdescriptor map there must be an underlying
///    subspec at column `i`, where `i` is the value of
///    `Descriptor::subdesc_entry::m_column_ndx`. The corresponding
///    subdescriptor accessor must satisfy all the "requirements for a
///    descriptor" with respect to that underlying subspec.
///
/// The 'ndx_in_parent' property of most array accessors is required to be
/// valid. The exceptions are:
///
///  - The top array accessor of root tables (Table::m_top). Root tables are
///    tables with independent descriptor.
///
///  - The columns array accessor of subtables with shared descriptor
///    (Table::m_columns).
///
///  - The top array accessor of spec objects of subtables with shared
///    descriptor (Table::m_spec.m_top).
///
///  - The root array accessor of table level columns
///    (*Table::m_cols[]->m_array).
///
///  - The root array accessor of the subcolumn of unique strings in an
///    enumerated string column (*StringEnumColumn::m_keys.m_array).
///
///  - The root array accessor of search indexes
///    (*Table::m_cols[]->m_index->m_array).
///
/// Note that Structural Correspondence trivially includes Minimal Consistency,
/// since the latter it an invariant.


using namespace realm;
using namespace realm::util;

Replication* Table::g_dummy_replication = nullptr;

static inline bool needs_string_interner(ColKey col_key)
{
    return col_key.get_type() == col_type_String || col_key.get_type() == col_type_Mixed || col_key.is_dictionary();
}

bool TableVersions::operator==(const TableVersions& other) const
{
    if (size() != other.size())
        return false;
    size_t sz = size();
    for (size_t i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
        REALM_ASSERT_DEBUG(this->at(i).first == other.at(i).first);
        if (this->at(i).second != other.at(i).second)
            return false;
    }
    return true;
}

namespace realm {
const char* get_data_type_name(DataType type) noexcept
{
    switch (type) {
        case type_Int:
            return "int";
        case type_Bool:
            return "bool";
        case type_Float:
            return "float";
        case type_Double:
            return "double";
        case type_String:
            return "string";
        case type_Binary:
            return "binary";
        case type_Timestamp:
            return "timestamp";
        case type_ObjectId:
            return "objectId";
        case type_Decimal:
            return "decimal128";
        case type_UUID:
            return "uuid";
        case type_Mixed:
            return "mixed";
        case type_Link:
            return "link";
        case type_TypedLink:
            return "typedLink";
        default:
            if (type == type_TypeOfValue)
                return "@type";
#if REALM_ENABLE_GEOSPATIAL
            else if (type == type_Geospatial)
                return "geospatial";
#endif
            else if (type == ColumnTypeTraits<null>::id)
                return "null";
    }
    return "unknown";
}

std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& o, Table::Type table_type)
{
    switch (table_type) {
        case Table::Type::TopLevel:
            return o << "TopLevel";
        case Table::Type::Embedded:
            return o << "Embedded";
        case Table::Type::TopLevelAsymmetric:
            return o << "TopLevelAsymmetric";
    }
    return o << "Invalid table type: " << uint8_t(table_type);
}
} // namespace realm

bool LinkChain::add(ColKey ck)
{
    // Link column can be a single Link, LinkList, or BackLink.
    REALM_ASSERT(m_current_table->valid_column(ck));
    ColumnType type = ck.get_type();
    if (type == col_type_Link || type == col_type_BackLink) {
        m_current_table = m_current_table->get_opposite_table(ck);
        m_link_cols.push_back(ck);
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

// -- Table ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Table::Table(Allocator& alloc)
    : m_alloc(alloc)
    , m_top(m_alloc)
    , m_spec(m_alloc)
    , m_clusters(this, m_alloc, top_position_for_cluster_tree)
    , m_index_refs(m_alloc)
    , m_opposite_table(m_alloc)
    , m_opposite_column(m_alloc)
    , m_interner_data(m_alloc)
    , m_repl(&g_dummy_replication)
    , m_own_ref(this, alloc.get_instance_version())
{
    m_spec.set_parent(&m_top, top_position_for_spec);
    m_index_refs.set_parent(&m_top, top_position_for_search_indexes);
    m_opposite_table.set_parent(&m_top, top_position_for_opposite_table);
    m_opposite_column.set_parent(&m_top, top_position_for_opposite_column);
    m_interner_data.set_parent(&m_top, top_position_for_interners);
    ref_type ref = create_empty_table(m_alloc); // Throws
    ArrayParent* parent = nullptr;
    size_t ndx_in_parent = 0;
    init(ref, parent, ndx_in_parent, true, false);
}

Table::Table(Replication* const* repl, Allocator& alloc)
    : m_alloc(alloc)
    , m_top(m_alloc)
    , m_spec(m_alloc)
    , m_clusters(this, m_alloc, top_position_for_cluster_tree)
    , m_index_refs(m_alloc)
    , m_opposite_table(m_alloc)
    , m_opposite_column(m_alloc)
    , m_interner_data(m_alloc)
    , m_repl(repl)
    , m_own_ref(this, alloc.get_instance_version())
{
    m_spec.set_parent(&m_top, top_position_for_spec);
    m_index_refs.set_parent(&m_top, top_position_for_search_indexes);
    m_opposite_table.set_parent(&m_top, top_position_for_opposite_table);
    m_opposite_column.set_parent(&m_top, top_position_for_opposite_column);
    m_opposite_column.set_parent(&m_top, top_position_for_opposite_column);
    m_interner_data.set_parent(&m_top, top_position_for_interners);
    m_cookie = cookie_created;
}

ColKey Table::add_column(DataType type, StringData name, bool nullable, std::optional<CollectionType> collection_type,
                         DataType key_type)
{
    REALM_ASSERT(!is_link_type(ColumnType(type)));
    if (type == type_TypedLink) {
        throw IllegalOperation("TypedLink properties not yet supported");
    }

    ColumnAttrMask attr;
    if (collection_type) {
        switch (*collection_type) {
            case CollectionType::List:
                attr.set(col_attr_List);
                break;
            case CollectionType::Set:
                attr.set(col_attr_Set);
                break;
            case CollectionType::Dictionary:
                attr.set(col_attr_Dictionary);
                break;
        }
    }
    if (nullable || type == type_Mixed)
        attr.set(col_attr_Nullable);
    ColKey col_key = generate_col_key(ColumnType(type), attr);

    Table* invalid_link = nullptr;
    return do_insert_column(col_key, type, name, invalid_link, key_type); // Throws
}

ColKey Table::add_column(Table& target, StringData name, std::optional<CollectionType> collection_type,
                         DataType key_type)
{
    // Both origin and target must be group-level tables, and in the same group.
    Group* origin_group = get_parent_group();
    Group* target_group = target.get_parent_group();
    REALM_ASSERT_RELEASE(origin_group && target_group);
    REALM_ASSERT_RELEASE(origin_group == target_group);
    // Links to an asymmetric table are not allowed.
    if (target.is_asymmetric()) {
        throw IllegalOperation("Ephemeral objects not supported");
    }

    m_has_any_embedded_objects.reset();

    DataType data_type = type_Link;
    ColumnAttrMask attr;
    if (collection_type) {
        switch (*collection_type) {
            case CollectionType::List:
                attr.set(col_attr_List);
                break;
            case CollectionType::Set:
                if (target.is_embedded())
                    throw IllegalOperation("Set of embedded objects not supported");
                attr.set(col_attr_Set);
                break;
            case CollectionType::Dictionary:
                attr.set(col_attr_Dictionary);
                attr.set(col_attr_Nullable);
                break;
        }
    }
    else {
        attr.set(col_attr_Nullable);
    }
    ColKey col_key = generate_col_key(ColumnType(data_type), attr);

    return do_insert_column(col_key, data_type, name, &target, key_type); // Throws
}

void Table::remove_recursive(CascadeState& cascade_state)
{
    Group* group = get_parent_group();
    REALM_ASSERT(group);
    cascade_state.m_group = group;

    do {
        cascade_state.send_notifications();

        for (auto& l : cascade_state.m_to_be_nullified) {
            Obj obj = group->get_table_unchecked(l.origin_table)->try_get_object(l.origin_key);
            REALM_ASSERT_DEBUG(obj);
            if (obj) {
                std::move(obj).nullify_link(l.origin_col_key, l.old_target_link);
            }
        }
        cascade_state.m_to_be_nullified.clear();

        auto to_delete = std::move(cascade_state.m_to_be_deleted);
        for (auto obj : to_delete) {
            auto table = obj.first == m_key ? this : group->get_table_unchecked(obj.first);
            // This might add to the list of objects that should be deleted
            REALM_ASSERT(!obj.second.is_unresolved());
            table->m_clusters.erase(obj.second, cascade_state);
        }
        nullify_links(cascade_state);
    } while (!cascade_state.m_to_be_deleted.empty() || !cascade_state.m_to_be_nullified.empty());
}

void Table::nullify_links(CascadeState& cascade_state)
{
    Group* group = get_parent_group();
    REALM_ASSERT(group);
    for (auto& to_delete : cascade_state.m_to_be_deleted) {
        auto table = to_delete.first == m_key ? this : group->get_table_unchecked(to_delete.first);
        if (!table->is_asymmetric())
            table->m_clusters.nullify_incoming_links(to_delete.second, cascade_state);
    }
}

CollectionType Table::get_collection_type(ColKey col_key) const
{
    if (col_key.is_list()) {
        return CollectionType::List;
    }
    if (col_key.is_set()) {
        return CollectionType::Set;
    }
    REALM_ASSERT(col_key.is_dictionary());
    return CollectionType::Dictionary;
}

void Table::remove_columns()
{
    for (size_t i = get_column_count(); i > 0; --i) {
        ColKey col_key = spec_ndx2colkey(i - 1);
        remove_column(col_key);
    }
}

void Table::remove_column(ColKey col_key)
{
    check_column(col_key);

    if (Replication* repl = get_repl())
        repl->erase_column(this, col_key); // Throws

    if (col_key == m_primary_key_col) {
        do_set_primary_key_column(ColKey());
    }
    else {
        REALM_ASSERT_RELEASE(m_primary_key_col.get_index().val != col_key.get_index().val);
    }

    erase_root_column(col_key); // Throws
    m_has_any_embedded_objects.reset();
}


void Table::rename_column(ColKey col_key, StringData name)
{
    check_column(col_key);

    auto col_ndx = colkey2spec_ndx(col_key);
    m_spec.rename_column(col_ndx, name); // Throws

    bump_content_version();
    bump_storage_version();

    if (Replication* repl = get_repl())
        repl->rename_column(this, col_key, name); // Throws
}


TableKey Table::get_key_direct(Allocator& alloc, ref_type top_ref)
{
    // well, not quite "direct", more like "almost direct":
    Array table_top(alloc);
    table_top.init_from_ref(top_ref);
    if (table_top.size() > 3) {
        RefOrTagged rot = table_top.get_as_ref_or_tagged(top_position_for_key);
        return TableKey(int32_t(rot.get_as_int()));
    }
    else {
        return TableKey();
    }
}


void Table::init(ref_type top_ref, ArrayParent* parent, size_t ndx_in_parent, bool is_writable, bool is_frzn)
{
    REALM_ASSERT(!(is_writable && is_frzn));
    m_is_frozen = is_frzn;
    m_alloc.set_read_only(!is_writable);
    // Load from allocated memory
    m_top.set_parent(parent, ndx_in_parent);
    m_top.init_from_ref(top_ref);

    m_spec.init_from_parent();

    while (m_top.size() <= top_position_for_pk_col) {
        m_top.add(0);
    }

    if (m_top.get_as_ref(top_position_for_cluster_tree) == 0) {
        // This is an upgrade - create cluster
        MemRef mem = Cluster::create_empty_cluster(m_top.get_alloc()); // Throws
        m_top.set_as_ref(top_position_for_cluster_tree, mem.get_ref());
    }
    m_clusters.init_from_parent();

    RefOrTagged rot = m_top.get_as_ref_or_tagged(top_position_for_key);
    if (!rot.is_tagged()) {
        // Create table key
        rot = RefOrTagged::make_tagged(ndx_in_parent);
        m_top.set(top_position_for_key, rot);
    }
    m_key = TableKey(int32_t(rot.get_as_int()));

    // index setup relies on column mapping being up to date:
    build_column_mapping();
    if (m_top.get_as_ref(top_position_for_search_indexes) == 0) {
        // This is an upgrade - create the necessary arrays
        bool context_flag = false;
        size_t nb_columns = m_spec.get_column_count();
        MemRef mem = Array::create_array(Array::type_HasRefs, context_flag, nb_columns, 0, m_top.get_alloc());
        m_index_refs.init_from_mem(mem);
        m_index_refs.update_parent();
        mem = Array::create_array(Array::type_Normal, context_flag, nb_columns, TableKey().value, m_top.get_alloc());
        m_opposite_table.init_from_mem(mem);
        m_opposite_table.update_parent();
        mem = Array::create_array(Array::type_Normal, context_flag, nb_columns, ColKey().value, m_top.get_alloc());
        m_opposite_column.init_from_mem(mem);
        m_opposite_column.update_parent();
    }
    else {
        m_opposite_table.init_from_parent();
        m_opposite_column.init_from_parent();
        m_index_refs.init_from_parent();
        m_index_accessors.resize(m_index_refs.size());
    }
    if (!m_top.get_as_ref_or_tagged(top_position_for_column_key).is_tagged()) {
        m_top.set(top_position_for_column_key, RefOrTagged::make_tagged(0));
    }
    auto rot_version = m_top.get_as_ref_or_tagged(top_position_for_version);
    if (!rot_version.is_tagged()) {
        m_top.set(top_position_for_version, RefOrTagged::make_tagged(0));
        m_in_file_version_at_transaction_boundary = 0;
    }
    else
        m_in_file_version_at_transaction_boundary = rot_version.get_as_int();

    auto rot_pk_key = m_top.get_as_ref_or_tagged(top_position_for_pk_col);
    m_primary_key_col = rot_pk_key.is_tagged() ? ColKey(rot_pk_key.get_as_int()) : ColKey();

    if (m_top.size() <= top_position_for_flags) {
        m_table_type = Type::TopLevel;
    }
    else {
        uint64_t flags = m_top.get_as_ref_or_tagged(top_position_for_flags).get_as_int();
        m_table_type = Type(flags & table_type_mask);
    }
    m_has_any_embedded_objects.reset();

    if (m_top.size() > top_position_for_tombstones && m_top.get_as_ref(top_position_for_tombstones)) {
        // Tombstones exists
        if (!m_tombstones) {
            m_tombstones = std::make_unique<ClusterTree>(this, m_alloc, size_t(top_position_for_tombstones));
        }
        m_tombstones->init_from_parent();
    }
    else {
        m_tombstones = nullptr;
    }
    if (m_top.size() > top_position_for_interners && m_top.get_as_ref(top_position_for_interners)) {
        // Interner data exist
        m_interner_data.init_from_parent();
    }
    else {
        REALM_ASSERT_DEBUG(!m_interner_data.is_attached());
    }
    refresh_string_interners(is_writable);
    m_cookie = cookie_initialized;
}


ColKey Table::do_insert_column(ColKey col_key, DataType type, StringData name, Table* target_table, DataType key_type)
{
    col_key = do_insert_root_column(col_key, ColumnType(type), name, key_type); // Throws

    // When the inserted column is a link-type column, we must also add a
    // backlink column to the target table.

    if (target_table) {
        auto backlink_col_key = target_table->do_insert_root_column(ColKey{}, col_type_BackLink, ""); // Throws
        target_table->check_column(backlink_col_key);

        set_opposite_column(col_key, target_table->get_key(), backlink_col_key);
        target_table->set_opposite_column(backlink_col_key, get_key(), col_key);
    }

    if (Replication* repl = get_repl())
        repl->insert_column(this, col_key, type, name, target_table); // Throws

    return col_key;
}

template <typename Type>
static void do_bulk_insert_index(Table* table, SearchIndex* index, ColKey col_key, Allocator& alloc)
{
    using LeafType = typename ColumnTypeTraits<Type>::cluster_leaf_type;
    LeafType leaf(alloc);

    auto f = [&col_key, &index, &leaf](const Cluster* cluster) {
        cluster->init_leaf(col_key, &leaf);
        index->insert_bulk(cluster->get_key_array(), cluster->get_offset(), cluster->node_size(), leaf);
        return IteratorControl::AdvanceToNext;
    };

    table->traverse_clusters(f);
}


static void do_bulk_insert_index_list(Table* table, SearchIndex* index, ColKey col_key, Allocator& alloc)
{
    ArrayInteger leaf(alloc);

    auto f = [&col_key, &index, &leaf](const Cluster* cluster) {
        cluster->init_leaf(col_key, &leaf);
        index->insert_bulk_list(cluster->get_key_array(), cluster->get_offset(), cluster->node_size(), leaf);
        return IteratorControl::AdvanceToNext;
    };

    table->traverse_clusters(f);
}

void Table::populate_search_index(ColKey col_key)
{
    auto col_ndx = col_key.get_index().val;
    SearchIndex* index = m_index_accessors[col_ndx].get();
    DataType type = get_column_type(col_key);

    if (type == type_Int) {
        if (is_nullable(col_key)) {
            do_bulk_insert_index<Optional<int64_t>>(this, index, col_key, get_alloc());
        }
        else {
            do_bulk_insert_index<int64_t>(this, index, col_key, get_alloc());
        }
    }
    else if (type == type_Bool) {
        if (is_nullable(col_key)) {
            do_bulk_insert_index<Optional<bool>>(this, index, col_key, get_alloc());
        }
        else {
            do_bulk_insert_index<bool>(this, index, col_key, get_alloc());
        }
    }
    else if (type == type_String) {
        if (col_key.is_list()) {
            do_bulk_insert_index_list(this, index, col_key, get_alloc());
        }
        else {
            do_bulk_insert_index<StringData>(this, index, col_key, get_alloc());
        }
    }
    else if (type == type_Timestamp) {
        do_bulk_insert_index<Timestamp>(this, index, col_key, get_alloc());
    }
    else if (type == type_ObjectId) {
        if (is_nullable(col_key)) {
            do_bulk_insert_index<Optional<ObjectId>>(this, index, col_key, get_alloc());
        }
        else {
            do_bulk_insert_index<ObjectId>(this, index, col_key, get_alloc());
        }
    }
    else if (type == type_UUID) {
        if (is_nullable(col_key)) {
            do_bulk_insert_index<Optional<UUID>>(this, index, col_key, get_alloc());
        }
        else {
            do_bulk_insert_index<UUID>(this, index, col_key, get_alloc());
        }
    }
    else if (type == type_Mixed) {
        do_bulk_insert_index<Mixed>(this, index, col_key, get_alloc());
    }
    else {
        REALM_ASSERT_RELEASE(false && "Data type does not support search index");
    }
}

void Table::erase_from_search_indexes(ObjKey key)
{
    // Tombstones do not use index - will crash if we try to erase values
    if (!key.is_unresolved()) {
        for (auto&& index : m_index_accessors) {
            if (index) {
                index->erase(key);
            }
        }
    }
}

void Table::update_indexes(ObjKey key, const FieldValues& values)
{
    // Tombstones do not use index - will crash if we try to insert values
    if (key.is_unresolved()) {
        return;
    }

    auto sz = m_index_accessors.size();
    // values are sorted by column index - there may be values missing
    auto value = values.begin();
    for (size_t column_ndx = 0; column_ndx < sz; column_ndx++) {
        // Check if initial value is provided
        Mixed init_value;
        if (value != values.end() && value->col_key.get_index().val == column_ndx) {
            // Value for this column is provided
            init_value = value->value;
            ++value;
        }

        if (auto&& index = m_index_accessors[column_ndx]) {
            // There is an index for this column
            auto col_key = m_leaf_ndx2colkey[column_ndx];
            if (col_key.is_collection())
                continue;
            auto type = col_key.get_type();
            auto attr = col_key.get_attrs();
            bool nullable = attr.test(col_attr_Nullable);
            switch (type) {
                case col_type_Int:
                    if (init_value.is_null()) {
                        index->insert(key, ArrayIntNull::default_value(nullable));
                    }
                    else {
                        index->insert(key, init_value.get<int64_t>());
                    }
                    break;
                case col_type_Bool:
                    if (init_value.is_null()) {
                        index->insert(key, ArrayBoolNull::default_value(nullable));
                    }
                    else {
                        index->insert(key, init_value.get<bool>());
                    }
                    break;
                case col_type_String:
                    if (init_value.is_null()) {
                        index->insert(key, ArrayString::default_value(nullable));
                    }
                    else {
                        index->insert(key, init_value.get<String>());
                    }
                    break;
                case col_type_Timestamp:
                    if (init_value.is_null()) {
                        index->insert(key, ArrayTimestamp::default_value(nullable));
                    }
                    else {
                        index->insert(key, init_value.get<Timestamp>());
                    }
                    break;
                case col_type_ObjectId:
                    if (init_value.is_null()) {
                        index->insert(key, ArrayObjectIdNull::default_value(nullable));
                    }
                    else {
                        index->insert(key, init_value.get<ObjectId>());
                    }
                    break;
                case col_type_Mixed:
                    index->insert(key, init_value);
                    break;
                case col_type_UUID:
                    if (init_value.is_null()) {
                        index->insert(key, ArrayUUIDNull::default_value(nullable));
                    }
                    else {
                        index->insert(key, init_value.get<UUID>());
                    }
                    break;
                default:
                    REALM_UNREACHABLE();
            }
        }
    }
}

void Table::clear_indexes()
{
    for (auto&& index : m_index_accessors) {
        if (index) {
            index->clear();
        }
    }
}

void Table::do_add_search_index(ColKey col_key, IndexType type)
{
    size_t column_ndx = col_key.get_index().val;

    // Early-out if already indexed
    if (m_index_accessors[column_ndx] != nullptr)
        return;

    if (!StringIndex::type_supported(DataType(col_key.get_type())) ||
        (col_key.is_collection() && !(col_key.is_list() && col_key.get_type() == col_type_String)) ||
        (type == IndexType::Fulltext && col_key.get_type() != col_type_String)) {
        // Not ideal, but this is what we used to throw, so keep throwing that for compatibility reasons, even though
        // it should probably be a type mismatch exception instead.
        throw IllegalOperation(util::format("Index not supported for this property: %1", get_column_name(col_key)));
    }

    // m_index_accessors always has the same number of pointers as the number of columns. Columns without search
    // index have 0-entries.
    REALM_ASSERT(m_index_accessors.size() == m_leaf_ndx2colkey.size());
    REALM_ASSERT(m_index_accessors[column_ndx] == nullptr);

    // Create the index
    m_index_accessors[column_ndx] =
        std::make_unique<StringIndex>(ClusterColumn(&m_clusters, col_key, type), get_alloc()); // Throws
    SearchIndex* index = m_index_accessors[column_ndx].get();
    // Insert ref to index
    index->set_parent(&m_index_refs, column_ndx);

    m_index_refs.set(column_ndx, index->get_ref()); // Throws

    populate_search_index(col_key);
}

void Table::add_search_index(ColKey col_key, IndexType type)
{
    check_column(col_key);

    // Check spec
    auto spec_ndx = leaf_ndx2spec_ndx(col_key.get_index());
    auto attr = m_spec.get_column_attr(spec_ndx);

    if (col_key == m_primary_key_col && type == IndexType::Fulltext)
        throw InvalidColumnKey("primary key cannot have a full text index");

    switch (type) {
        case IndexType::None:
            remove_search_index(col_key);
            return;
        case IndexType::Fulltext:
            // Early-out if already indexed
            if (attr.test(col_attr_FullText_Indexed)) {
                REALM_ASSERT(search_index_type(col_key) == IndexType::Fulltext);
                return;
            }
            if (attr.test(col_attr_Indexed)) {
                this->remove_search_index(col_key);
            }
            break;
        case IndexType::General:
            if (attr.test(col_attr_Indexed)) {
                REALM_ASSERT(search_index_type(col_key) == IndexType::General);
                return;
            }
            if (attr.test(col_attr_FullText_Indexed)) {
                this->remove_search_index(col_key);
            }
            break;
    }

    do_add_search_index(col_key, type);

    // Update spec
    attr.set(type == IndexType::Fulltext ? col_attr_FullText_Indexed : col_attr_Indexed);
    m_spec.set_column_attr(spec_ndx, attr); // Throws
}

void Table::remove_search_index(ColKey col_key)
{
    check_column(col_key);
    auto column_ndx = col_key.get_index();

    // Early-out if non-indexed
    if (m_index_accessors[column_ndx.val] == nullptr)
        return;

    // Destroy and remove the index column
    auto& index = m_index_accessors[column_ndx.val];
    REALM_ASSERT(index != nullptr);
    index->destroy();
    index.reset();

    m_index_refs.set(column_ndx.val, 0);

    // update spec
    auto spec_ndx = leaf_ndx2spec_ndx(column_ndx);
    auto attr = m_spec.get_column_attr(spec_ndx);
    attr.reset(col_attr_Indexed);
    attr.reset(col_attr_FullText_Indexed);
    m_spec.set_column_attr(spec_ndx, attr); // Throws
}

void Table::erase_root_column(ColKey col_key)
{
    ColumnType col_type = col_key.get_type();
    if (is_link_type(col_type)) {
        auto target_table = get_opposite_table(col_key);
        auto target_column = get_opposite_column(col_key);
        target_table->do_erase_root_column(target_column);
    }
    do_erase_root_column(col_key); // Throws
}


ColKey Table::do_insert_root_column(ColKey col_key, ColumnType type, StringData name, DataType key_type)
{
    // if col_key specifies a key, it must be unused
    REALM_ASSERT(!col_key || !valid_column(col_key));

    // locate insertion point: ordinary columns must come before backlink columns
    size_t spec_ndx = (type == col_type_BackLink) ? m_spec.get_column_count() : m_spec.get_public_column_count();

    if (!col_key) {
        col_key = generate_col_key(type, {});
    }

    m_spec.insert_column(spec_ndx, col_key, type, name, col_key.get_attrs().m_value); // Throws
    if (col_key.is_dictionary()) {
        m_spec.set_dictionary_key_type(spec_ndx, key_type);
    }
    auto col_ndx = col_key.get_index().val;
    build_column_mapping();
    REALM_ASSERT(col_ndx <= m_index_refs.size());
    if (col_ndx == m_index_refs.size()) {
        m_index_refs.insert(col_ndx, 0);
    }
    else {
        m_index_refs.set(col_ndx, 0);
    }
    REALM_ASSERT(col_ndx <= m_opposite_table.size());
    if (col_ndx == m_opposite_table.size()) {
        // m_opposite_table and m_opposite_column are always resized together!
        m_opposite_table.insert(col_ndx, TableKey().value);
        m_opposite_column.insert(col_ndx, ColKey().value);
    }
    else {
        m_opposite_table.set(col_ndx, TableKey().value);
        m_opposite_column.set(col_ndx, ColKey().value);
    }
    refresh_index_accessors();
    m_clusters.insert_column(col_key);
    if (m_tombstones) {
        m_tombstones->insert_column(col_key);
    }
    if (needs_string_interner(col_key)) {
        // create string interners internal rep as well as data area
        REALM_ASSERT_DEBUG(m_interner_data.is_attached());
        while (col_ndx >= m_string_interners.size()) {
            m_string_interners.push_back({});
        }
        while (col_ndx >= m_interner_data.size()) {
            m_interner_data.add(0);
        }
        REALM_ASSERT(!m_string_interners[col_ndx]);
        m_string_interners[col_ndx] = std::make_unique<StringInterner>(m_alloc, m_interner_data, col_key, true);
    }
    bump_storage_version();

    return col_key;
}


void Table::do_erase_root_column(ColKey col_key)
{
    size_t col_ndx = col_key.get_index().val;
    // If the column had a source index we have to remove and destroy that as well
    ref_type index_ref = m_index_refs.get_as_ref(col_ndx);
    if (index_ref) {
        Array::destroy_deep(index_ref, m_index_refs.get_alloc());
        m_index_refs.set(col_ndx, 0);
        m_index_accessors[col_ndx].reset();
    }
    m_opposite_table.set(col_ndx, TableKey().value);
    m_opposite_column.set(col_ndx, ColKey().value);
    m_index_accessors[col_ndx] = nullptr;
    m_clusters.remove_column(col_key);
    if (m_tombstones)
        m_tombstones->remove_column(col_key);
    size_t spec_ndx = colkey2spec_ndx(col_key);
    m_spec.erase_column(spec_ndx);
    m_top.adjust(top_position_for_column_key, 2);

    build_column_mapping();
    while (m_index_accessors.size() > m_leaf_ndx2colkey.size()) {
        REALM_ASSERT(m_index_accessors.back() == nullptr);
        m_index_accessors.pop_back();
    }
    if (col_ndx < m_string_interners.size() && m_string_interners[col_ndx]) {
        REALM_ASSERT_DEBUG(m_interner_data.is_attached());
        REALM_ASSERT_DEBUG(col_ndx < m_interner_data.size());
        auto data_ref = m_interner_data.get_as_ref(col_ndx);
        if (data_ref)
            Array::destroy_deep(data_ref, m_alloc);
        m_interner_data.set(col_ndx, 0);
        m_string_interners[col_ndx].reset();
    }
    bump_content_version();
    bump_storage_version();
}

Query Table::where(const Dictionary& dict) const
{
    return Query(m_own_ref, dict.clone_as_obj_list());
}

void Table::set_table_type(Type table_type, bool handle_backlinks)
{
    if (table_type == m_table_type) {
        return;
    }

    if (m_table_type == Type::TopLevelAsymmetric || table_type == Type::TopLevelAsymmetric) {
        throw LogicError(ErrorCodes::MigrationFailed, util::format("Cannot change '%1' from %2 to %3",
                                                                   get_class_name(), m_table_type, table_type));
    }

    REALM_ASSERT_EX(table_type == Type::TopLevel || table_type == Type::Embedded, table_type);
    set_embedded(table_type == Type::Embedded, handle_backlinks);
}

void Table::set_embedded(bool embedded, bool handle_backlinks)
{
    if (embedded == false) {
        do_set_table_type(Type::TopLevel);
        return;
    }

    // Embedded objects cannot have a primary key.
    if (get_primary_key_column()) {
        throw IllegalOperation(
            util::format("Cannot change '%1' to embedded when using a primary key.", get_class_name()));
    }

    if (size() == 0) {
        do_set_table_type(Type::Embedded);
        return;
    }

    // Check all of the objects for invalid incoming links. Each embedded object
    // must have exactly one incoming link, and it must be from a non-Mixed property.
    // Objects with no incoming links are either deleted or an error (depending
    // on `handle_backlinks`), and objects with multiple incoming links are either
    // cloned for each of the incoming links or an error (again depending on `handle_backlinks`).
    // Incoming links from a Mixed property are always an error, as those can't
    // link to embedded objects
    ArrayInteger leaf(get_alloc());
    enum class LinkCount : int8_t { None, One, Multiple };
    std::vector<LinkCount> incoming_link_count;
    std::vector<ObjKey> orphans;
    std::vector<ObjKey> multiple_incoming_links;
    traverse_clusters([&](const Cluster* cluster) {
        size_t size = cluster->node_size();
        incoming_link_count.assign(size, LinkCount::None);

        for_each_backlink_column([&](ColKey col) {
            cluster->init_leaf(col, &leaf);
            // Width zero means all the values are zero and there can't be any backlinks
            if (leaf.get_width() == 0) {
                return IteratorControl::AdvanceToNext;
            }

            for (size_t i = 0, size = leaf.size(); i < size; ++i) {
                auto value = leaf.get_as_ref_or_tagged(i);
                if (value.is_ref() && value.get_as_ref() == 0) {
                    // ref of zero means there's no backlinks
                    continue;
                }

                if (value.is_ref()) {
                    // Any other ref indicates an array of backlinks, which will
                    // always have more than one entry
                    incoming_link_count[i] = LinkCount::Multiple;
                }
                else {
                    // Otherwise it's a tagged ref to the single linking object
                    if (incoming_link_count[i] == LinkCount::None) {
                        incoming_link_count[i] = LinkCount::One;
                    }
                    else if (incoming_link_count[i] == LinkCount::One) {
                        incoming_link_count[i] = LinkCount::Multiple;
                    }
                }

                auto source_col = get_opposite_column(col);
                if (source_col.get_type() == col_type_Mixed) {
                    auto source_table = get_opposite_table(col);
                    throw IllegalOperation(util::format(
                        "Cannot convert '%1' to embedded: there is an incoming link from the Mixed property '%2.%3', "
                        "which does not support linking to embedded objects.",
                        get_class_name(), source_table->get_class_name(), source_table->get_column_name(source_col)));
                }
            }
            return IteratorControl::AdvanceToNext;
        });

        for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
            if (incoming_link_count[i] == LinkCount::None) {
                if (!handle_backlinks) {
                    throw IllegalOperation(util::format("Cannot convert '%1' to embedded: at least one object has no "
                                                        "incoming links and would be deleted.",
                                                        get_class_name()));
                }
                orphans.push_back(cluster->get_real_key(i));
            }
            else if (incoming_link_count[i] == LinkCount::Multiple) {
                if (!handle_backlinks) {
                    throw IllegalOperation(util::format(
                        "Cannot convert '%1' to embedded: at least one object has more than one incoming link.",
                        get_class_name()));
                }
                multiple_incoming_links.push_back(cluster->get_real_key(i));
            }
        }

        return IteratorControl::AdvanceToNext;
    });

    // orphans and multiple_incoming_links will always be empty if `handle_backlinks = false`
    for (auto key : orphans) {
        remove_object(key);
    }
    for (auto key : multiple_incoming_links) {
        auto obj = get_object(key);
        obj.handle_multiple_backlinks_during_schema_migration();
        obj.remove();
    }

    do_set_table_type(Type::Embedded);
}

void Table::do_set_table_type(Type table_type)
{
    while (m_top.size() <= top_position_for_flags)
        m_top.add(0);

    uint64_t flags = m_top.get_as_ref_or_tagged(top_position_for_flags).get_as_int();
    // reset bits 0-1
    flags &= ~table_type_mask;
    // set table type
    flags |= static_cast<uint8_t>(table_type);
    m_top.set(top_position_for_flags, RefOrTagged::make_tagged(flags));
    m_table_type = table_type;
}


void Table::detach(LifeCycleCookie cookie) noexcept
{
    m_cookie = cookie;
    m_alloc.bump_instance_version();
    // release string interners
    m_string_interners.clear();
    m_interner_data.detach();
}

void Table::fully_detach() noexcept
{
    m_spec.detach();
    m_top.detach();
    m_index_refs.detach();
    m_opposite_table.detach();
    m_opposite_column.detach();
    m_index_accessors.clear();
    m_string_interners.clear();
}


Table::~Table() noexcept
{
    if (m_top.is_attached()) {
        // If destroyed as a standalone table, destroy all memory allocated
        if (m_top.get_parent() == nullptr) {
            m_top.destroy_deep();
        }
        fully_detach();
    }
    else {
        REALM_ASSERT(m_index_accessors.size() == 0);
    }
    m_cookie = cookie_deleted;
}


IndexType Table::search_index_type(ColKey col_key) const noexcept
{
    if (m_index_accessors[col_key.get_index().val].get()) {
        auto attr = m_spec.get_column_attr(m_leaf_ndx2spec_ndx[col_key.get_index().val]);
        bool fulltext = attr.test(col_attr_FullText_Indexed);
        return fulltext ? IndexType::Fulltext : IndexType::General;
    }
    return IndexType::None;
}


void Table::migrate_sets_and_dictionaries()
{
    std::vector<ColKey> to_migrate;
    for (auto col : get_column_keys()) {
        if (col.is_dictionary() || (col.is_set() && col.get_type() == col_type_Mixed)) {
            to_migrate.push_back(col);
        }
    }
    if (to_migrate.size()) {
        for (auto obj : *this) {
            for (auto col : to_migrate) {
                if (col.is_set()) {
                    auto set = obj.get_set<Mixed>(col);
                    set.migrate();
                }
                else if (col.is_dictionary()) {
                    auto dict = obj.get_dictionary(col);
                    dict.migrate();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

void Table::migrate_set_orderings()
{
    std::vector<ColKey> to_migrate;
    for (auto col : get_column_keys()) {
        if (col.is_set() && (col.get_type() == col_type_Mixed || col.get_type() == col_type_String ||
                             col.get_type() == col_type_Binary)) {
            to_migrate.push_back(col);
        }
    }
    if (to_migrate.size()) {
        for (auto obj : *this) {
            for (auto col : to_migrate) {
                if (col.get_type() == col_type_Mixed) {
                    auto set = obj.get_set<Mixed>(col);
                    set.migration_resort();
                }
                else if (col.get_type() == col_type_Binary) {
                    auto set = obj.get_set<BinaryData>(col);
                    set.migration_resort();
                }
                else {
                    REALM_ASSERT_3(col.get_type(), ==, col_type_String);
                    auto set = obj.get_set<String>(col);
                    set.migration_resort();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

void Table::migrate_col_keys()
{
    if (m_spec.migrate_column_keys()) {
        build_column_mapping();
    }

    // Fix also m_opposite_column col_keys
    ColumnType col_type_LinkList(13);
    auto sz = m_opposite_column.size();

    for (size_t n = 0; n < sz; n++) {
        ColKey col_key(m_opposite_column.get(n));
        if (col_key.get_type() == col_type_LinkList) {
            auto attrs = col_key.get_attrs();
            REALM_ASSERT(attrs.test(col_attr_List));
            ColKey new_key(col_key.get_index(), col_type_Link, attrs, col_key.get_tag());
            m_opposite_column.set(n, new_key.value);
        }
    }
}

StringData Table::get_name() const noexcept
{
    const Array& real_top = m_top;
    ArrayParent* parent = real_top.get_parent();
    if (!parent)
        return StringData("");
    REALM_ASSERT(dynamic_cast<Group*>(parent));
    return static_cast<Group*>(parent)->get_table_name(get_key());
}

StringData Table::get_class_name() const noexcept
{
    return Group::table_name_to_class_name(get_name());
}

const char* Table::get_state() const noexcept
{
    switch (m_cookie) {
        case cookie_created:
            return "created";
        case cookie_transaction_ended:
            return "transaction_ended";
        case cookie_initialized:
            return "initialised";
        case cookie_removed:
            return "removed";
        case cookie_void:
            return "void";
        case cookie_deleted:
            return "deleted";
    }
    return "";
}


bool Table::is_nullable(ColKey col_key) const
{
    REALM_ASSERT_DEBUG(valid_column(col_key));
    return col_key.get_attrs().test(col_attr_Nullable);
}

bool Table::is_list(ColKey col_key) const
{
    REALM_ASSERT_DEBUG(valid_column(col_key));
    return col_key.get_attrs().test(col_attr_List);
}


ref_type Table::create_empty_table(Allocator& alloc, TableKey key)
{
    Array top(alloc);
    _impl::DeepArrayDestroyGuard dg(&top);
    top.create(Array::type_HasRefs); // Throws
    _impl::DeepArrayRefDestroyGuard dg_2(alloc);

    {
        MemRef mem = Spec::create_empty_spec(alloc); // Throws
        dg_2.reset(mem.get_ref());
        int_fast64_t v(from_ref(mem.get_ref()));
        top.add(v); // Throws
        dg_2.release();
    }
    top.add(0); // Old position for columns
    {
        MemRef mem = Cluster::create_empty_cluster(alloc); // Throws
        dg_2.reset(mem.get_ref());
        int_fast64_t v(from_ref(mem.get_ref()));
        top.add(v); // Throws
        dg_2.release();
    }

    // Table key value
    RefOrTagged rot = RefOrTagged::make_tagged(key.value);
    top.add(rot);

    // Search indexes
    {
        bool context_flag = false;
        MemRef mem = Array::create_empty_array(Array::type_HasRefs, context_flag, alloc); // Throws
        dg_2.reset(mem.get_ref());
        int_fast64_t v(from_ref(mem.get_ref()));
        top.add(v); // Throws
        dg_2.release();
    }
    rot = RefOrTagged::make_tagged(0);
    top.add(rot); // Column key
    top.add(rot); // Version
    dg.release();
    // Opposite keys (table and column)
    {
        bool context_flag = false;
        {
            MemRef mem = Array::create_empty_array(Array::type_Normal, context_flag, alloc); // Throws
            dg_2.reset(mem.get_ref());
            int_fast64_t v(from_ref(mem.get_ref()));
            top.add(v); // Throws
            dg_2.release();
        }
        {
            MemRef mem = Array::create_empty_array(Array::type_Normal, context_flag, alloc); // Throws
            dg_2.reset(mem.get_ref());
            int_fast64_t v(from_ref(mem.get_ref()));
            top.add(v); // Throws
            dg_2.release();
        }
    }
    top.add(0); // Sequence number
    top.add(0); // Collision_map
    top.add(0); // pk col key
    top.add(0); // flags
    top.add(0); // tombstones
    top.add(0); // string interners

    REALM_ASSERT(top.size() == top_array_size);

    return top.get_ref();
}

void Table::ensure_graveyard()
{
    if (!m_tombstones) {
        while (m_top.size() < top_position_for_tombstones)
            m_top.add(0);
        REALM_ASSERT(!m_top.get(top_position_for_tombstones));
        MemRef mem = Cluster::create_empty_cluster(m_alloc);
        m_top.set_as_ref(top_position_for_tombstones, mem.get_ref());
        m_tombstones = std::make_unique<ClusterTree>(this, m_alloc, size_t(top_position_for_tombstones));
        m_tombstones->init_from_parent();
        for_each_and_every_column([ts = m_tombstones.get()](ColKey col) {
            ts->insert_column(col);
            return IteratorControl::AdvanceToNext;
        });
    }
}

void Table::batch_erase_rows(const KeyColumn& keys)
{
    size_t num_objs = keys.size();
    std::vector<ObjKey> vec;
    vec.reserve(num_objs);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < num_objs; ++i) {
        ObjKey key = keys.get(i);
        if (key != null_key && is_valid(key)) {
            vec.push_back(key);
        }
    }

    sort(vec.begin(), vec.end());
    vec.erase(unique(vec.begin(), vec.end()), vec.end());

    batch_erase_objects(vec);
}

void Table::batch_erase_objects(std::vector<ObjKey>& keys)
{
    Group* g = get_parent_group();
    bool maybe_has_incoming_links = g && !is_asymmetric();

    if (has_any_embedded_objects() || (g && g->has_cascade_notification_handler())) {
        CascadeState state(CascadeState::Mode::Strong, g);
        std::for_each(keys.begin(), keys.end(), [this, &state](ObjKey k) {
            state.m_to_be_deleted.emplace_back(m_key, k);
        });
        if (maybe_has_incoming_links)
            nullify_links(state);
        remove_recursive(state);
    }
    else {
        CascadeState state(CascadeState::Mode::None, g);
        for (auto k : keys) {
            if (maybe_has_incoming_links) {
                m_clusters.nullify_incoming_links(k, state);
            }
            m_clusters.erase(k, state);
        }
    }
    keys.clear();
}

void Table::clear()
{
    CascadeState state(CascadeState::Mode::Strong, get_parent_group());
    m_clusters.clear(state);
    free_collision_table();
}


Group* Table::get_parent_group() const noexcept
{
    if (!m_top.is_attached())
        return 0;                             // Subtable with shared descriptor
    ArrayParent* parent = m_top.get_parent(); // ArrayParent guaranteed to be Table::Parent
    if (!parent)
        return 0; // Free-standing table

    return static_cast<Group*>(parent);
}

inline uint64_t Table::get_sync_file_id() const noexcept
{
    Group* g = get_parent_group();
    return g ? g->get_sync_file_id() : 0;
}

size_t Table::get_index_in_group() const noexcept
{
    if (!m_top.is_attached())
        return realm::npos;                   // Subtable with shared descriptor
    ArrayParent* parent = m_top.get_parent(); // ArrayParent guaranteed to be Table::Parent
    if (!parent)
        return realm::npos; // Free-standing table
    return m_top.get_ndx_in_parent();
}

uint64_t Table::allocate_sequence_number()
{
    RefOrTagged rot = m_top.get_as_ref_or_tagged(top_position_for_sequence_number);
    uint64_t sn = rot.is_tagged() ? rot.get_as_int() : 0;
    rot = RefOrTagged::make_tagged(sn + 1);
    m_top.set(top_position_for_sequence_number, rot);

    return sn;
}

void Table::set_col_key_sequence_number(uint64_t seq)
{
    m_top.set(top_position_for_column_key, RefOrTagged::make_tagged(seq));
}

TableRef Table::get_link_target(ColKey col_key) noexcept
{
    return get_opposite_table(col_key);
}

// count ----------------------------------------------

size_t Table::count_int(ColKey col_key, int64_t value) const
{
    if (auto index = this->get_search_index(col_key)) {
        return index->count(value);
    }

    return where().equal(col_key, value).count();
}
size_t Table::count_float(ColKey col_key, float value) const
{
    return where().equal(col_key, value).count();
}
size_t Table::count_double(ColKey col_key, double value) const
{
    return where().equal(col_key, value).count();
}
size_t Table::count_decimal(ColKey col_key, Decimal128 value) const
{
    ArrayDecimal128 leaf(get_alloc());
    size_t cnt = 0;
    bool null_value = value.is_null();
    auto f = [value, &leaf, col_key, null_value, &cnt](const Cluster* cluster) {
        // direct aggregate on the leaf
        cluster->init_leaf(col_key, &leaf);
        auto sz = leaf.size();
        for (size_t i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
            if ((null_value && leaf.is_null(i)) || (leaf.get(i) == value)) {
                cnt++;
            }
        }
        return IteratorControl::AdvanceToNext;
    };

    traverse_clusters(f);

    return cnt;
}
size_t Table::count_string(ColKey col_key, StringData value) const
{
    if (auto index = this->get_search_index(col_key)) {
        return index->count(value);
    }
    return where().equal(col_key, value).count();
}

template <typename T>
void Table::aggregate(QueryStateBase& st, ColKey column_key) const
{
    using LeafType = typename ColumnTypeTraits<T>::cluster_leaf_type;
    LeafType leaf(get_alloc());

    auto f = [&leaf, column_key, &st](const Cluster* cluster) {
        // direct aggregate on the leaf
        cluster->init_leaf(column_key, &leaf);
        st.m_key_offset = cluster->get_offset();
        st.m_key_values = cluster->get_key_array();
        st.set_payload_column(&leaf);
        bool cont = true;
        size_t sz = leaf.size();
        for (size_t local_index = 0; cont && local_index < sz; local_index++) {
            cont = st.match(local_index);
        }
        return IteratorControl::AdvanceToNext;
    };

    traverse_clusters(f);
}

// This template is also used by the query engine
template void Table::aggregate<int64_t>(QueryStateBase&, ColKey) const;
template void Table::aggregate<std::optional<int64_t>>(QueryStateBase&, ColKey) const;
template void Table::aggregate<float>(QueryStateBase&, ColKey) const;
template void Table::aggregate<double>(QueryStateBase&, ColKey) const;
template void Table::aggregate<Decimal128>(QueryStateBase&, ColKey) const;
template void Table::aggregate<Mixed>(QueryStateBase&, ColKey) const;
template void Table::aggregate<Timestamp>(QueryStateBase&, ColKey) const;

std::optional<Mixed> Table::sum(ColKey col_key) const
{
    return AggregateHelper<Table>::sum(*this, *this, col_key);
}

std::optional<Mixed> Table::avg(ColKey col_key, size_t* value_count) const
{
    return AggregateHelper<Table>::avg(*this, *this, col_key, value_count);
}

std::optional<Mixed> Table::min(ColKey col_key, ObjKey* return_ndx) const
{
    return AggregateHelper<Table>::min(*this, *this, col_key, return_ndx);
}

std::optional<Mixed> Table::max(ColKey col_key, ObjKey* return_ndx) const
{
    return AggregateHelper<Table>::max(*this, *this, col_key, return_ndx);
}


SearchIndex* Table::get_search_index(ColKey col) const noexcept
{
    check_column(col);
    return m_index_accessors[col.get_index().val].get();
}

StringIndex* Table::get_string_index(ColKey col) const noexcept
{
    check_column(col);
    return dynamic_cast<StringIndex*>(m_index_accessors[col.get_index().val].get());
}

template <class T>
ObjKey Table::find_first(ColKey col_key, T value) const
{
    check_column(col_key);

    if (!col_key.is_nullable() && value_is_null(value)) {
        return {}; // this is a precaution/optimization
    }
    // You cannot call GetIndexData on ObjKey
    if constexpr (!std::is_same_v<T, ObjKey>) {
        if (SearchIndex* index = get_search_index(col_key)) {
            return index->find_first(value);
        }
        if (col_key == m_primary_key_col) {
            return find_primary_key(value);
        }
    }

    ObjKey key;
    using LeafType = typename ColumnTypeTraits<T>::cluster_leaf_type;
    LeafType leaf(get_alloc());

    // In case of a string column we can try to look up the StringID of the search string,
    // and search for that in case the leaf is compressed.
    std::optional<StringID> string_id;
    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, StringData>) {
        auto string_interner = get_string_interner(col_key);
        REALM_ASSERT(string_interner != nullptr);
        string_id = string_interner->lookup(value);
    }

    auto f = [&](const Cluster* cluster) {
        cluster->init_leaf(col_key, &leaf);
        size_t row;
        if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, StringData>) {
            row = leaf.find_first(value, 0, cluster->node_size(), string_id);
        }
        else {
            row = leaf.find_first(value, 0, cluster->node_size());
        }

        if (row != realm::npos) {
            key = cluster->get_real_key(row);
            return IteratorControl::Stop;
        }
        return IteratorControl::AdvanceToNext;
    };

    traverse_clusters(f);

    return key;
}

namespace realm {

template <>
ObjKey Table::find_first(ColKey col_key, util::Optional<float> value) const
{
    return value ? find_first(col_key, *value) : find_first_null(col_key);
}

template <>
ObjKey Table::find_first(ColKey col_key, util::Optional<double> value) const
{
    return value ? find_first(col_key, *value) : find_first_null(col_key);
}

template <>
ObjKey Table::find_first(ColKey col_key, null) const
{
    return find_first_null(col_key);
}
} // namespace realm

// Explicitly instantiate the generic case of the template for the types we care about.
template ObjKey Table::find_first(ColKey col_key, bool) const;
template ObjKey Table::find_first(ColKey col_key, int64_t) const;
template ObjKey Table::find_first(ColKey col_key, float) const;
template ObjKey Table::find_first(ColKey col_key, double) const;
template ObjKey Table::find_first(ColKey col_key, Decimal128) const;
template ObjKey Table::find_first(ColKey col_key, ObjectId) const;
template ObjKey Table::find_first(ColKey col_key, ObjKey) const;
template ObjKey Table::find_first(ColKey col_key, util::Optional<bool>) const;
template ObjKey Table::find_first(ColKey col_key, util::Optional<int64_t>) const;
template ObjKey Table::find_first(ColKey col_key, StringData) const;
template ObjKey Table::find_first(ColKey col_key, BinaryData) const;
template ObjKey Table::find_first(ColKey col_key, Mixed) const;
template ObjKey Table::find_first(ColKey col_key, UUID) const;
template ObjKey Table::find_first(ColKey col_key, util::Optional<ObjectId>) const;
template ObjKey Table::find_first(ColKey col_key, util::Optional<UUID>) const;

ObjKey Table::find_first_int(ColKey col_key, int64_t value) const
{
    if (is_nullable(col_key))
        return find_first<util::Optional<int64_t>>(col_key, value);
    else
        return find_first<int64_t>(col_key, value);
}

ObjKey Table::find_first_bool(ColKey col_key, bool value) const
{
    if (is_nullable(col_key))
        return find_first<util::Optional<bool>>(col_key, value);
    else
        return find_first<bool>(col_key, value);
}

ObjKey Table::find_first_timestamp(ColKey col_key, Timestamp value) const
{
    return find_first(col_key, value);
}

ObjKey Table::find_first_object_id(ColKey col_key, ObjectId value) const
{
    return find_first(col_key, value);
}

ObjKey Table::find_first_float(ColKey col_key, float value) const
{
    return find_first<Float>(col_key, value);
}

ObjKey Table::find_first_double(ColKey col_key, double value) const
{
    return find_first<Double>(col_key, value);
}

ObjKey Table::find_first_decimal(ColKey col_key, Decimal128 value) const
{
    return find_first<Decimal128>(col_key, value);
}

ObjKey Table::find_first_string(ColKey col_key, StringData value) const
{
    return find_first<StringData>(col_key, value);
}

ObjKey Table::find_first_binary(ColKey col_key, BinaryData value) const
{
    return find_first<BinaryData>(col_key, value);
}

ObjKey Table::find_first_null(ColKey col_key) const
{
    return where().equal(col_key, null{}).find();
}

ObjKey Table::find_first_uuid(ColKey col_key, UUID value) const
{
    return find_first(col_key, value);
}

template <class T>
TableView Table::find_all(ColKey col_key, T value)
{
    return where().equal(col_key, value).find_all();
}

TableView Table::find_all_int(ColKey col_key, int64_t value)
{
    return find_all<int64_t>(col_key, value);
}

TableView Table::find_all_int(ColKey col_key, int64_t value) const
{
    return const_cast<Table*>(this)->find_all<int64_t>(col_key, value);
}

TableView Table::find_all_bool(ColKey col_key, bool value)
{
    return find_all<bool>(col_key, value);
}

TableView Table::find_all_bool(ColKey col_key, bool value) const
{
    return const_cast<Table*>(this)->find_all<int64_t>(col_key, value);
}


TableView Table::find_all_float(ColKey col_key, float value)
{
    return find_all<float>(col_key, value);
}

TableView Table::find_all_float(ColKey col_key, float value) const
{
    return const_cast<Table*>(this)->find_all<float>(col_key, value);
}

TableView Table::find_all_double(ColKey col_key, double value)
{
    return find_all<double>(col_key, value);
}

TableView Table::find_all_double(ColKey col_key, double value) const
{
    return const_cast<Table*>(this)->find_all<double>(col_key, value);
}

TableView Table::find_all_string(ColKey col_key, StringData value)
{
    return where().equal(col_key, value).find_all();
}

TableView Table::find_all_string(ColKey col_key, StringData value) const
{
    return const_cast<Table*>(this)->find_all_string(col_key, value);
}

TableView Table::find_all_binary(ColKey, BinaryData)
{
    throw Exception(ErrorCodes::IllegalOperation, "Table::find_all_binary not supported");
}

TableView Table::find_all_binary(ColKey col_key, BinaryData value) const
{
    return const_cast<Table*>(this)->find_all_binary(col_key, value);
}

TableView Table::find_all_null(ColKey col_key)
{
    return where().equal(col_key, null{}).find_all();
}

TableView Table::find_all_null(ColKey col_key) const
{
    return const_cast<Table*>(this)->find_all_null(col_key);
}

TableView Table::find_all_fulltext(ColKey col_key, StringData terms) const
{
    return where().fulltext(col_key, terms).find_all();
}

TableView Table::get_sorted_view(ColKey col_key, bool ascending)
{
    TableView tv = where().find_all();
    tv.sort(col_key, ascending);
    return tv;
}

TableView Table::get_sorted_view(ColKey col_key, bool ascending) const
{
    return const_cast<Table*>(this)->get_sorted_view(col_key, ascending);
}

TableView Table::get_sorted_view(SortDescriptor order)
{
    TableView tv = where().find_all();
    tv.sort(std::move(order));
    return tv;
}

TableView Table::get_sorted_view(SortDescriptor order) const
{
    return const_cast<Table*>(this)->get_sorted_view(std::move(order));
}

util::Logger* Table::get_logger() const noexcept
{
    return *m_repl ? (*m_repl)->get_logger() : nullptr;
}

// Called after a commit. Table will effectively contain the same as before,
// but now with new refs from the file
void Table::update_from_parent() noexcept
{
    // There is no top for sub-tables sharing spec
    if (m_top.is_attached()) {
        m_top.update_from_parent();
        m_spec.update_from_parent();
        m_clusters.update_from_parent();
        m_index_refs.update_from_parent();
        for (auto&& index : m_index_accessors) {
            if (index != nullptr) {
                index->update_from_parent();
            }
        }

        m_opposite_table.update_from_parent();
        m_opposite_column.update_from_parent();
        if (m_top.size() > top_position_for_flags) {
            uint64_t flags = m_top.get_as_ref_or_tagged(top_position_for_flags).get_as_int();
            m_table_type = Type(flags & table_type_mask);
        }
        else {
            m_table_type = Type::TopLevel;
        }
        if (m_tombstones)
            m_tombstones->update_from_parent();

        refresh_content_version();
        m_has_any_embedded_objects.reset();
        if (m_top.size() > top_position_for_interners) {
            if (m_top.get_as_ref(top_position_for_interners))
                m_interner_data.update_from_parent();
            else
                m_interner_data.detach();
        }
        refresh_string_interners(false);
    }
    m_alloc.bump_storage_version();
}

void Table::schema_to_json(std::ostream& out) const
{
    out << "{";
    auto name = get_name();
    out << "\"name\":\"" << name << "\"";
    if (this->m_primary_key_col) {
        out << ",";
        out << "\"primaryKey\":\"" << this->get_column_name(m_primary_key_col) << "\"";
    }
    out << ",\"tableType\":\"" << this->get_table_type() << "\"";
    out << ",\"properties\":[";
    auto col_keys = get_column_keys();
    int sz = int(col_keys.size());
    for (int i = 0; i < sz; ++i) {
        auto col_key = col_keys[i];
        name = get_column_name(col_key);
        auto type = col_key.get_type();
        out << "{";
        out << "\"name\":\"" << name << "\"";
        if (this->is_link_type(type)) {
            out << ",\"type\":\"object\"";
            name = this->get_opposite_table(col_key)->get_name();
            out << ",\"objectType\":\"" << name << "\"";
        }
        else {
            out << ",\"type\":\"" << get_data_type_name(DataType(type)) << "\"";
        }
        if (col_key.is_list()) {
            out << ",\"isArray\":true";
        }
        else if (col_key.is_set()) {
            out << ",\"isSet\":true";
        }
        else if (col_key.is_dictionary()) {
            out << ",\"isMap\":true";
            auto key_type = get_dictionary_key_type(col_key);
            out << ",\"keyType\":\"" << get_data_type_name(key_type) << "\"";
        }
        if (col_key.is_nullable()) {
            out << ",\"isOptional\":true";
        }
        auto index_type = search_index_type(col_key);
        if (index_type == IndexType::General) {
            out << ",\"isIndexed\":true";
        }
        if (index_type == IndexType::Fulltext) {
            out << ",\"isFulltextIndexed\":true";
        }
        out << "}";
        if (i < sz - 1) {
            out << ",";
        }
    }
    out << "]}";
}

bool Table::operator==(const Table& t) const
{
    if (size() != t.size()) {
        return false;
    }
    // Check columns
    for (auto ck : this->get_column_keys()) {
        auto name = get_column_name(ck);
        auto other_ck = t.get_column_key(name);
        auto attrs = ck.get_attrs();
        if (search_index_type(ck) != t.search_index_type(other_ck))
            return false;

        if (!other_ck || other_ck.get_attrs() != attrs) {
            return false;
        }
    }
    auto pk_col = get_primary_key_column();
    for (auto o : *this) {
        Obj other_o;
        if (pk_col) {
            auto pk = o.get_any(pk_col);
            other_o = t.get_object_with_primary_key(pk);
        }
        else {
            other_o = t.get_object(o.get_key());
        }
        if (!(other_o && o == other_o))
            return false;
    }

    return true;
}


void Table::flush_for_commit()
{
    if (m_top.is_attached() && m_top.size() >= top_position_for_version) {
        if (!m_top.is_read_only()) {
            ++m_in_file_version_at_transaction_boundary;
            auto rot_version = RefOrTagged::make_tagged(m_in_file_version_at_transaction_boundary);
            m_top.set(top_position_for_version, rot_version);
        }
    }
}

void Table::refresh_content_version()
{
    REALM_ASSERT(m_top.is_attached());
    if (m_top.size() >= top_position_for_version) {
        // we have versioning info in the file. Use this to conditionally
        // bump the version counter:
        auto rot_version = m_top.get_as_ref_or_tagged(top_position_for_version);
        REALM_ASSERT(rot_version.is_tagged());
        if (m_in_file_version_at_transaction_boundary != rot_version.get_as_int()) {
            m_in_file_version_at_transaction_boundary = rot_version.get_as_int();
            bump_content_version();
        }
    }
    else {
        // assume the worst:
        bump_content_version();
    }
}


// Called when Group is moved to another version - either a rollback or an advance.
// The content of the table is potentially different, so make no assumptions.
void Table::refresh_accessor_tree(bool writable)
{
    REALM_ASSERT(m_cookie == cookie_initialized);
    REALM_ASSERT(m_top.is_attached());
    m_top.init_from_parent();
    m_spec.init_from_parent();
    REALM_ASSERT(m_top.size() > top_position_for_pk_col);
    m_clusters.init_from_parent();
    m_index_refs.init_from_parent();
    m_opposite_table.init_from_parent();
    m_opposite_column.init_from_parent();
    auto rot_pk_key = m_top.get_as_ref_or_tagged(top_position_for_pk_col);
    m_primary_key_col = rot_pk_key.is_tagged() ? ColKey(rot_pk_key.get_as_int()) : ColKey();
    if (m_top.size() > top_position_for_flags) {
        auto rot_flags = m_top.get_as_ref_or_tagged(top_position_for_flags);
        m_table_type = Type(rot_flags.get_as_int() & table_type_mask);
    }
    else {
        m_table_type = Type::TopLevel;
    }
    if (m_top.size() > top_position_for_tombstones && m_top.get_as_ref(top_position_for_tombstones)) {
        // Tombstones exists
        if (!m_tombstones) {
            m_tombstones = std::make_unique<ClusterTree>(this, m_alloc, size_t(top_position_for_tombstones));
        }
        m_tombstones->init_from_parent();
    }
    else {
        m_tombstones = nullptr;
    }
    if (writable) {
        while (m_top.size() < top_position_for_interners)
            m_top.add(0);
    }
    if (m_top.size() > top_position_for_interners) {
        if (m_top.get_as_ref(top_position_for_interners))
            m_interner_data.init_from_parent();
        else
            m_interner_data.detach();
    }
    refresh_content_version();
    bump_storage_version();
    build_column_mapping();
    refresh_string_interners(writable);
    refresh_index_accessors();
}

void Table::refresh_string_interners(bool writable)
{
    if (writable) {
        // if we're in a write transaction, make sure interner arrays are created which will allow
        // string interners to expand with their own data when "learning"
        while (m_top.size() <= top_position_for_interners) {
            m_top.add(0);
        }
    }
    if (m_top.size() > top_position_for_interners && m_top.get_as_ref(top_position_for_interners))
        m_interner_data.update_from_parent();
    else
        m_interner_data.detach();
    if (writable) {
        if (!m_interner_data.is_attached()) {
            m_interner_data.create(NodeHeader::type_HasRefs);
            m_interner_data.update_parent();
        }
    }
    // bring string interners in line with underlying data.
    // Precondition: we rely on the col keys in m_leaf_ndx2colkey[] being up to date.
    for (size_t idx = 0; idx < m_leaf_ndx2colkey.size(); ++idx) {
        auto col_key = m_leaf_ndx2colkey[idx];
        if (col_key == ColKey()) {
            // deleted column, we really don't want a string interner for this
            if (idx < m_string_interners.size() && m_string_interners[idx])
                m_string_interners[idx].reset();
            continue;
        }
        if (!needs_string_interner(col_key))
            continue;

        REALM_ASSERT_DEBUG(col_key.get_index().val == idx);
        // maintain sufficient size of interner arrays to cover all columns
        while (idx >= m_string_interners.size()) {
            m_string_interners.push_back({});
        }
        while (writable && idx >= m_interner_data.size()) { // m_interner_data.is_attached() per above
            m_interner_data.add(0);
        }
        if (m_string_interners[idx]) {
            // existing interner
            m_string_interners[idx]->update_from_parent(writable);
        }
        else {
            // new interner. Note: if not in a writable state, the interner will not have a valid
            // underlying data array. The interner will be set in a state, where it cannot "learn",
            // and searches will not find any matching interned strings.
            m_string_interners[idx] = std::make_unique<StringInterner>(m_alloc, m_interner_data, col_key, writable);
        }
    }
    if (m_string_interners.size() > m_leaf_ndx2colkey.size()) {
        // remove any string interners which are no longer reachable,
        // e.g. after a rollback
        m_string_interners.resize(m_leaf_ndx2colkey.size());
    }
}

void Table::refresh_index_accessors()
{
    // Refresh search index accessors

    // First eliminate any index accessors for eliminated last columns
    size_t col_ndx_end = m_leaf_ndx2colkey.size();
    m_index_accessors.resize(col_ndx_end);

    // Then eliminate/refresh/create accessors within column range
    // we can not use for_each_column() here, since the columns may have changed
    // and the index accessor vector is not updated correspondingly.
    for (size_t col_ndx = 0; col_ndx < col_ndx_end; col_ndx++) {
        ref_type ref = m_index_refs.get_as_ref(col_ndx);

        if (ref == 0) {
            // accessor drop
            m_index_accessors[col_ndx].reset();
        }
        else {
            auto attr = m_spec.get_column_attr(m_leaf_ndx2spec_ndx[col_ndx]);
            bool fulltext = attr.test(col_attr_FullText_Indexed);
            auto col_key = m_leaf_ndx2colkey[col_ndx];
            ClusterColumn virtual_col(&m_clusters, col_key, fulltext ? IndexType::Fulltext : IndexType::General);

            if (m_index_accessors[col_ndx]) { // still there, refresh:
                m_index_accessors[col_ndx]->refresh_accessor_tree(virtual_col);
            }
            else { // new index!
                m_index_accessors[col_ndx] =
                    std::make_unique<StringIndex>(ref, &m_index_refs, col_ndx, virtual_col, get_alloc());
            }
        }
    }
}

bool Table::is_cross_table_link_target() const noexcept
{
    auto is_cross_link = [this](ColKey col_key) {
        auto t = col_key.get_type();
        // look for a backlink with a different target than ourselves
        return (t == col_type_BackLink && get_opposite_table_key(col_key) != get_key())
                   ? IteratorControl::Stop
                   : IteratorControl::AdvanceToNext;
    };
    return for_each_backlink_column(is_cross_link);
}

// LCOV_EXCL_START ignore debug functions

void Table::verify() const
{
#ifdef REALM_DEBUG
    if (m_top.is_attached())
        m_top.verify();
    m_spec.verify();
    m_clusters.verify();
    if (nb_unresolved())
        m_tombstones->verify();
#endif
}

#ifdef REALM_DEBUG
MemStats Table::stats() const
{
    MemStats mem_stats;
    m_top.stats(mem_stats);
    return mem_stats;
}
#endif // LCOV_EXCL_STOP ignore debug functions

Obj Table::create_object(ObjKey key, const FieldValues& values)
{
    if (is_embedded())
        throw IllegalOperation(util::format("Explicit creation of embedded object not allowed in: %1", get_name()));
    if (m_primary_key_col)
        throw IllegalOperation(util::format("Table has primary key: %1", get_name()));
    if (key == null_key) {
        GlobalKey object_id = allocate_object_id_squeezed();
        key = object_id.get_local_key(get_sync_file_id());
        // Check if this key collides with an already existing object
        // This could happen if objects were at some point created with primary keys,
        // but later primary key property was removed from the schema.
        while (m_clusters.is_valid(key)) {
            object_id = allocate_object_id_squeezed();
            key = object_id.get_local_key(get_sync_file_id());
        }
        if (auto repl = get_repl())
            repl->create_object(this, object_id);
    }

    REALM_ASSERT(key.value >= 0);

    Obj obj = m_clusters.insert(key, values); // repl->set()

    return obj;
}

Obj Table::create_linked_object()
{
    REALM_ASSERT(is_embedded());

    GlobalKey object_id = allocate_object_id_squeezed();
    ObjKey key = object_id.get_local_key(get_sync_file_id());
    REALM_ASSERT(key.value >= 0);

    if (auto repl = get_repl())
        repl->create_linked_object(this, key);

    Obj obj = m_clusters.insert(key, {});

    return obj;
}

Obj Table::create_object(GlobalKey object_id, const FieldValues& values)
{
    if (is_embedded())
        throw IllegalOperation(util::format("Explicit creation of embedded object not allowed in: %1", get_name()));
    if (m_primary_key_col)
        throw IllegalOperation(util::format("Table has primary key: %1", get_name()));
    ObjKey key = object_id.get_local_key(get_sync_file_id());

    if (auto repl = get_repl())
        repl->create_object(this, object_id);

    try {
        Obj obj = m_clusters.insert(key, values);
        // Check if tombstone exists
        if (m_tombstones && m_tombstones->is_valid(key.get_unresolved())) {
            auto unres_key = key.get_unresolved();
            // Copy links over
            auto tombstone = m_tombstones->get(unres_key);
            obj.assign_pk_and_backlinks(tombstone);
            // If tombstones had no links to it, it may still be alive
            if (m_tombstones->is_valid(unres_key)) {
                CascadeState state(CascadeState::Mode::None);
                m_tombstones->erase(unres_key, state);
            }
        }

        return obj;
    }
    catch (const KeyAlreadyUsed&) {
        return m_clusters.get(key);
    }
}

Obj Table::create_object_with_primary_key(const Mixed& primary_key, FieldValues&& field_values, UpdateMode mode,
                                          bool* did_create)
{
    auto primary_key_col = get_primary_key_column();
    if (is_embedded() || !primary_key_col)
        throw InvalidArgument(ErrorCodes::UnexpectedPrimaryKey,
                              util::format("Table has no primary key: %1", get_name()));

    DataType type = DataType(primary_key_col.get_type());

    if (primary_key.is_null() && !primary_key_col.is_nullable()) {
        throw InvalidArgument(
            ErrorCodes::PropertyNotNullable,
            util::format("Primary key for class %1 cannot be NULL", Group::table_name_to_class_name(get_name())));
    }

    if (!(primary_key.is_null() && primary_key_col.get_attrs().test(col_attr_Nullable)) &&
        primary_key.get_type() != type) {
        throw InvalidArgument(ErrorCodes::TypeMismatch, util::format("Wrong primary key type for class %1",
                                                                     Group::table_name_to_class_name(get_name())));
    }

    REALM_ASSERT(type == type_String || type == type_ObjectId || type == type_Int || type == type_UUID);

    if (did_create)
        *did_create = false;

    // Check for existing object
    if (ObjKey key = m_index_accessors[primary_key_col.get_index().val]->find_first(primary_key)) {
        if (mode == UpdateMode::never) {
            throw ObjectAlreadyExists(this->get_class_name(), primary_key);
        }
        auto obj = m_clusters.get(key);
        for (auto& val : field_values) {
            if (mode == UpdateMode::all || obj.get_any(val.col_key) != val.value) {
                obj.set_any(val.col_key, val.value, val.is_default);
            }
        }
        return obj;
    }

    ObjKey unres_key;
    if (m_tombstones) {
        // Check for potential tombstone
        GlobalKey object_id{primary_key};
        ObjKey object_key = global_to_local_object_id_hashed(object_id);

        ObjKey key = object_key.get_unresolved();
        if (auto obj = m_tombstones->try_get_obj(key)) {
            auto existing_pk_value = obj.get_any(primary_key_col);

            // If the primary key is the same, the object should be resurrected below
            if (existing_pk_value == primary_key) {
                unres_key = key;
            }
        }
    }

    ObjKey key = get_next_valid_key();

    auto repl = get_repl();
    if (repl) {
        repl->create_object_with_primary_key(this, key, primary_key);
    }
    if (did_create) {
        *did_create = true;
    }

    field_values.insert(primary_key_col, primary_key);
    Obj ret = m_clusters.insert(key, field_values);

    // Check if unresolved exists
    if (unres_key) {
        if (Replication* repl = get_repl()) {
            if (auto logger = repl->would_log(util::Logger::Level::debug)) {
                logger->log(LogCategory::object, util::Logger::Level::debug, "Cancel tombstone on '%1': %2",
                            get_class_name(), unres_key);
            }
        }

        auto tombstone = m_tombstones->get(unres_key);
        ret.assign_pk_and_backlinks(tombstone);
        // If tombstones had no links to it, it may still be alive
        if (m_tombstones->is_valid(unres_key)) {
            CascadeState state(CascadeState::Mode::None);
            m_tombstones->erase(unres_key, state);
        }
    }
    if (is_asymmetric() && repl && repl->get_history_type() == Replication::HistoryType::hist_SyncClient) {
        get_parent_group()->m_tables_to_clear.insert(this->m_key);
    }
    return ret;
}

ObjKey Table::find_primary_key(Mixed primary_key) const
{
    auto primary_key_col = get_primary_key_column();
    REALM_ASSERT(primary_key_col);
    DataType type = DataType(primary_key_col.get_type());
    REALM_ASSERT((primary_key.is_null() && primary_key_col.get_attrs().test(col_attr_Nullable)) ||
                 primary_key.get_type() == type);

    if (auto&& index = m_index_accessors[primary_key_col.get_index().val]) {
        return index->find_first(primary_key);
    }

    // This must be file format 11, 20 or 21 as those are the ones we can open in read-only mode
    // so try the old algorithm
    GlobalKey object_id{primary_key};
    ObjKey object_key = global_to_local_object_id_hashed(object_id);

    // Check if existing
    if (auto obj = m_clusters.try_get_obj(object_key)) {
        auto existing_pk_value = obj.get_any(primary_key_col);

        if (existing_pk_value == primary_key) {
            return object_key;
        }
    }
    return {};
}

ObjKey Table::get_objkey_from_primary_key(const Mixed& primary_key)
{
    // Check if existing
    if (auto key = find_primary_key(primary_key)) {
        return key;
    }

    // Object does not exist - create tombstone
    GlobalKey object_id{primary_key};
    ObjKey object_key = global_to_local_object_id_hashed(object_id);
    return get_or_create_tombstone(object_key, m_primary_key_col, primary_key).get_key();
}

ObjKey Table::get_objkey_from_global_key(GlobalKey global_key)
{
    REALM_ASSERT(!m_primary_key_col);
    auto object_key = global_key.get_local_key(get_sync_file_id());

    // Check if existing
    if (m_clusters.is_valid(object_key)) {
        return object_key;
    }

    return get_or_create_tombstone(object_key, {}, {}).get_key();
}

ObjKey Table::get_objkey(GlobalKey global_key) const
{
    ObjKey key;
    REALM_ASSERT(!m_primary_key_col);
    uint32_t max = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
    if (global_key.hi() <= max && global_key.lo() <= max) {
        key = global_key.get_local_key(get_sync_file_id());
    }
    if (key && !is_valid(key)) {
        key = realm::null_key;
    }
    return key;
}

GlobalKey Table::get_object_id(ObjKey key) const
{
    auto col = get_primary_key_column();
    if (col) {
        const Obj obj = get_object(key);
        auto val = obj.get_any(col);
        return {val};
    }
    else {
        return {key, get_sync_file_id()};
    }
    return {};
}

Obj Table::get_object_with_primary_key(Mixed primary_key) const
{
    auto primary_key_col = get_primary_key_column();
    REALM_ASSERT(primary_key_col);
    DataType type = DataType(primary_key_col.get_type());
    REALM_ASSERT((primary_key.is_null() && primary_key_col.get_attrs().test(col_attr_Nullable)) ||
                 primary_key.get_type() == type);
    ObjKey k = m_index_accessors[primary_key_col.get_index().val]->find_first(primary_key);
    return k ? m_clusters.get(k) : Obj{};
}

Mixed Table::get_primary_key(ObjKey key) const
{
    auto primary_key_col = get_primary_key_column();
    REALM_ASSERT(primary_key_col);
    if (key.is_unresolved()) {
        REALM_ASSERT(m_tombstones);
        return m_tombstones->get(key).get_any(primary_key_col);
    }
    else {
        return m_clusters.get(key).get_any(primary_key_col);
    }
}

GlobalKey Table::allocate_object_id_squeezed()
{
    // m_client_file_ident will be zero if we haven't been in contact with
    // the server yet.
    auto peer_id = get_sync_file_id();
    auto sequence = allocate_sequence_number();
    return GlobalKey{peer_id, sequence};
}

namespace {

/// Calculate optimistic local ID that may collide with others. It is up to
/// the caller to ensure that collisions are detected and that
/// allocate_local_id_after_collision() is called to obtain a non-colliding
/// ID.
inline ObjKey get_optimistic_local_id_hashed(GlobalKey global_id)
{
#if REALM_EXERCISE_OBJECT_ID_COLLISION
    const uint64_t optimistic_mask = 0xff;
#else
    const uint64_t optimistic_mask = 0x3fffffffffffffff;
#endif
    static_assert(!(optimistic_mask >> 62), "optimistic Object ID mask must leave the 63rd and 64th bit zero");
    return ObjKey{int64_t(global_id.lo() & optimistic_mask)};
}

inline ObjKey make_tagged_local_id_after_hash_collision(uint64_t sequence_number)
{
    REALM_ASSERT(!(sequence_number >> 62));
    return ObjKey{int64_t(0x4000000000000000 | sequence_number)};
}

} // namespace

ObjKey Table::global_to_local_object_id_hashed(GlobalKey object_id) const
{
    ObjKey optimistic = get_optimistic_local_id_hashed(object_id);

    if (ref_type collision_map_ref = to_ref(m_top.get(top_position_for_collision_map))) {
        Allocator& alloc = m_top.get_alloc();
        Array collision_map{alloc};
        collision_map.init_from_ref(collision_map_ref); // Throws

        Array hi{alloc};
        hi.init_from_ref(to_ref(collision_map.get(s_collision_map_hi))); // Throws

        // Entries are ordered by hi,lo
        size_t found = hi.find_first(object_id.hi());
        if (found != npos && uint64_t(hi.get(found)) == object_id.hi()) {
            Array lo{alloc};
            lo.init_from_ref(to_ref(collision_map.get(s_collision_map_lo))); // Throws
            size_t candidate = lo.find_first(object_id.lo(), found);
            if (candidate != npos && uint64_t(hi.get(candidate)) == object_id.hi()) {
                Array local_id{alloc};
                local_id.init_from_ref(to_ref(collision_map.get(s_collision_map_local_id))); // Throws
                return ObjKey{local_id.get(candidate)};
            }
        }
    }

    return optimistic;
}

ObjKey Table::allocate_local_id_after_hash_collision(GlobalKey incoming_id, GlobalKey colliding_id,
                                                     ObjKey colliding_local_id)
{
    // Possible optimization: Cache these accessors
    Allocator& alloc = m_top.get_alloc();
    Array collision_map{alloc};
    Array hi{alloc};
    Array lo{alloc};
    Array local_id{alloc};

    collision_map.set_parent(&m_top, top_position_for_collision_map);
    hi.set_parent(&collision_map, s_collision_map_hi);
    lo.set_parent(&collision_map, s_collision_map_lo);
    local_id.set_parent(&collision_map, s_collision_map_local_id);

    ref_type collision_map_ref = to_ref(m_top.get(top_position_for_collision_map));
    if (collision_map_ref) {
        collision_map.init_from_parent(); // Throws
    }
    else {
        MemRef mem = Array::create_empty_array(Array::type_HasRefs, false, alloc); // Throws
        collision_map.init_from_mem(mem);                                          // Throws
        collision_map.update_parent();

        ref_type lo_ref = Array::create_array(Array::type_Normal, false, 0, 0, alloc).get_ref();       // Throws
        ref_type hi_ref = Array::create_array(Array::type_Normal, false, 0, 0, alloc).get_ref();       // Throws
        ref_type local_id_ref = Array::create_array(Array::type_Normal, false, 0, 0, alloc).get_ref(); // Throws
        collision_map.add(lo_ref);                                                                     // Throws
        collision_map.add(hi_ref);                                                                     // Throws
        collision_map.add(local_id_ref);                                                               // Throws
    }

    hi.init_from_parent();       // Throws
    lo.init_from_parent();       // Throws
    local_id.init_from_parent(); // Throws

    size_t num_entries = hi.size();
    REALM_ASSERT(lo.size() == num_entries);
    REALM_ASSERT(local_id.size() == num_entries);

    auto lower_bound_object_id = [&](GlobalKey object_id) -> size_t {
        size_t i = hi.lower_bound_int(int64_t(object_id.hi()));
        while (i < num_entries && uint64_t(hi.get(i)) == object_id.hi() && uint64_t(lo.get(i)) < object_id.lo())
            ++i;
        return i;
    };

    auto insert_collision = [&](GlobalKey object_id, ObjKey new_local_id) {
        size_t i = lower_bound_object_id(object_id);
        if (i != num_entries) {
            GlobalKey existing{uint64_t(hi.get(i)), uint64_t(lo.get(i))};
            if (existing == object_id) {
                REALM_ASSERT(new_local_id.value == local_id.get(i));
                return;
            }
        }
        hi.insert(i, int64_t(object_id.hi()));
        lo.insert(i, int64_t(object_id.lo()));
        local_id.insert(i, new_local_id.value);
        ++num_entries;
    };

    auto sequence_number_for_local_id = allocate_sequence_number();
    ObjKey new_local_id = make_tagged_local_id_after_hash_collision(sequence_number_for_local_id);
    insert_collision(incoming_id, new_local_id);
    insert_collision(colliding_id, colliding_local_id);

    return new_local_id;
}

Obj Table::get_or_create_tombstone(ObjKey key, ColKey pk_col, Mixed pk_val)
{
    auto unres_key = key.get_unresolved();

    ensure_graveyard();
    auto tombstone = m_tombstones->try_get_obj(unres_key);
    if (tombstone) {
        if (pk_col) {
            auto existing_pk_value = tombstone.get_any(pk_col);
            // It may just be the same object
            if (existing_pk_value != pk_val) {
                // We have a collision - create new ObjKey
                key = allocate_local_id_after_hash_collision({pk_val}, {existing_pk_value}, key);
                return get_or_create_tombstone(key, pk_col, pk_val);
            }
        }
        return tombstone;
    }
    if (Replication* repl = get_repl()) {
        if (auto logger = repl->would_log(util::Logger::Level::debug)) {
            logger->log(LogCategory::object, util::Logger::Level::debug,
                        "Create tombstone for object '%1' with primary key %2 : %3", get_class_name(), pk_val,
                        unres_key);
        }
    }
    return m_tombstones->insert(unres_key, {{pk_col, pk_val}});
}

void Table::free_local_id_after_hash_collision(ObjKey key)
{
    if (ref_type collision_map_ref = to_ref(m_top.get(top_position_for_collision_map))) {
        if (key.is_unresolved()) {
            // Keys will always be inserted as resolved
            key = key.get_unresolved();
        }
        // Possible optimization: Cache these accessors
        Array collision_map{m_alloc};
        Array local_id{m_alloc};

        collision_map.set_parent(&m_top, top_position_for_collision_map);
        local_id.set_parent(&collision_map, s_collision_map_local_id);
        collision_map.init_from_ref(collision_map_ref);
        local_id.init_from_parent();
        auto ndx = local_id.find_first(key.value);
        if (ndx != realm::npos) {
            Array hi{m_alloc};
            Array lo{m_alloc};

            hi.set_parent(&collision_map, s_collision_map_hi);
            lo.set_parent(&collision_map, s_collision_map_lo);
            hi.init_from_parent();
            lo.init_from_parent();

            hi.erase(ndx);
            lo.erase(ndx);
            local_id.erase(ndx);
            if (hi.size() == 0) {
                free_collision_table();
            }
        }
    }
}

void Table::free_collision_table()
{
    if (ref_type collision_map_ref = to_ref(m_top.get(top_position_for_collision_map))) {
        Array::destroy_deep(collision_map_ref, m_alloc);
        m_top.set(top_position_for_collision_map, 0);
    }
}

void Table::create_objects(size_t number, std::vector<ObjKey>& keys)
{
    while (number--) {
        keys.push_back(create_object().get_key());
    }
}

void Table::create_objects(const std::vector<ObjKey>& keys)
{
    for (auto k : keys) {
        create_object(k);
    }
}

void Table::dump_objects()
{
    m_clusters.dump_objects();
    if (nb_unresolved())
        m_tombstones->dump_objects();
}

void Table::remove_object(ObjKey key)
{
    Group* g = get_parent_group();

    if (has_any_embedded_objects() || (g && g->has_cascade_notification_handler())) {
        CascadeState state(CascadeState::Mode::Strong, g);
        state.m_to_be_deleted.emplace_back(m_key, key);
        m_clusters.nullify_incoming_links(key, state);
        remove_recursive(state);
    }
    else {
        CascadeState state(CascadeState::Mode::None, g);
        if (g) {
            m_clusters.nullify_incoming_links(key, state);
        }
        m_clusters.erase(key, state);
    }
}

ObjKey Table::invalidate_object(ObjKey key)
{
    if (is_embedded())
        throw IllegalOperation("Deletion of embedded object not allowed");
    REALM_ASSERT(!key.is_unresolved());

    Obj tombstone;
    auto obj = get_object(key);
    if (obj.has_backlinks(false)) {
        // If the object has backlinks, we should make a tombstone
        // and make inward links point to it,
        if (auto primary_key_col = get_primary_key_column()) {
            auto pk = obj.get_any(primary_key_col);
            GlobalKey object_id{pk};
            auto unres_key = global_to_local_object_id_hashed(object_id);
            tombstone = get_or_create_tombstone(unres_key, primary_key_col, pk);
        }
        else {
            tombstone = get_or_create_tombstone(key, {}, {});
        }
        tombstone.assign_pk_and_backlinks(obj);
    }

    remove_object(key);

    return tombstone.get_key();
}

void Table::remove_object_recursive(ObjKey key)
{
    size_t table_ndx = get_index_in_group();
    if (table_ndx != realm::npos) {
        CascadeState state(CascadeState::Mode::All, get_parent_group());
        state.m_to_be_deleted.emplace_back(m_key, key);
        nullify_links(state);
        remove_recursive(state);
    }
    else {
        // No links in freestanding table
        CascadeState state(CascadeState::Mode::None);
        m_clusters.erase(key, state);
    }
}

Table::Iterator Table::begin() const
{
    return Iterator(m_clusters, 0);
}

Table::Iterator Table::end() const
{
    return Iterator(m_clusters, size());
}

TableRef _impl::TableFriend::get_opposite_link_table(const Table& table, ColKey col_key)
{
    TableRef ret;
    if (col_key) {
        return table.get_opposite_table(col_key);
    }
    return ret;
}

const uint64_t Table::max_num_columns;

void Table::build_column_mapping()
{
    // build column mapping from spec
    // TODO: Optimization - Don't rebuild this for every change
    m_spec_ndx2leaf_ndx.clear();
    m_leaf_ndx2spec_ndx.clear();
    m_leaf_ndx2colkey.clear();
    size_t num_spec_cols = m_spec.get_column_count();
    m_spec_ndx2leaf_ndx.resize(num_spec_cols);
    for (size_t spec_ndx = 0; spec_ndx < num_spec_cols; ++spec_ndx) {
        ColKey col_key = m_spec.get_key(spec_ndx);
        unsigned leaf_ndx = col_key.get_index().val;
        if (leaf_ndx >= m_leaf_ndx2colkey.size()) {
            m_leaf_ndx2colkey.resize(leaf_ndx + 1);
            m_leaf_ndx2spec_ndx.resize(leaf_ndx + 1, -1);
        }
        m_spec_ndx2leaf_ndx[spec_ndx] = ColKey::Idx{leaf_ndx};
        m_leaf_ndx2spec_ndx[leaf_ndx] = spec_ndx;
        m_leaf_ndx2colkey[leaf_ndx] = col_key;
    }
}

ColKey Table::generate_col_key(ColumnType tp, ColumnAttrMask attr)
{
    REALM_ASSERT(!attr.test(col_attr_Indexed));
    REALM_ASSERT(!attr.test(col_attr_Unique)); // Must not be encoded into col_key

    int64_t col_seq_number = m_top.get_as_ref_or_tagged(top_position_for_column_key).get_as_int();
    unsigned upper = unsigned(col_seq_number ^ get_key().value);

    // reuse lowest available leaf ndx:
    unsigned lower = unsigned(m_leaf_ndx2colkey.size());
    // look for an unused entry:
    for (unsigned idx = 0; idx < lower; ++idx) {
        if (m_leaf_ndx2colkey[idx] == ColKey()) {
            lower = idx;
            break;
        }
    }
    return ColKey(ColKey::Idx{lower}, tp, attr, upper);
}

Table::BacklinkOrigin Table::find_backlink_origin(StringData origin_table_name,
                                                  StringData origin_col_name) const noexcept
{
    BacklinkOrigin ret;
    auto f = [&](ColKey backlink_col_key) {
        auto origin_table = get_opposite_table(backlink_col_key);
        auto origin_link_col = get_opposite_column(backlink_col_key);
        if (origin_table->get_name() == origin_table_name &&
            origin_table->get_column_name(origin_link_col) == origin_col_name) {
            ret = BacklinkOrigin{{origin_table, origin_link_col}};
            return IteratorControl::Stop;
        }
        return IteratorControl::AdvanceToNext;
    };
    this->for_each_backlink_column(f);
    return ret;
}

Table::BacklinkOrigin Table::find_backlink_origin(ColKey backlink_col) const noexcept
{
    try {
        TableKey linked_table_key = get_opposite_table_key(backlink_col);
        ColKey linked_column_key = get_opposite_column(backlink_col);
        if (linked_table_key == m_key) {
            return {{m_own_ref, linked_column_key}};
        }
        else {
            Group* current_group = get_parent_group();
            if (current_group) {
                ConstTableRef linked_table_ref = current_group->get_table(linked_table_key);
                return {{linked_table_ref, linked_column_key}};
            }
        }
    }
    catch (...) {
        // backlink column not found, returning empty optional
    }
    return {};
}

std::vector<std::pair<TableKey, ColKey>> Table::get_incoming_link_columns() const noexcept
{
    std::vector<std::pair<TableKey, ColKey>> origins;
    auto f = [&](ColKey backlink_col_key) {
        auto origin_table_key = get_opposite_table_key(backlink_col_key);
        auto origin_link_col = get_opposite_column(backlink_col_key);
        origins.emplace_back(origin_table_key, origin_link_col);
        return IteratorControl::AdvanceToNext;
    };
    this->for_each_backlink_column(f);
    return origins;
}

ColKey Table::get_primary_key_column() const
{
    return m_primary_key_col;
}

void Table::set_primary_key_column(ColKey col_key)
{
    if (col_key == m_primary_key_col) {
        return;
    }

    if (Replication* repl = get_repl()) {
        if (repl->get_history_type() == Replication::HistoryType::hist_SyncClient) {
            throw RuntimeError(
                ErrorCodes::BrokenInvariant,
                util::format("Cannot change primary key property in '%1' when realm is synchronized", get_name()));
        }
    }

    REALM_ASSERT_RELEASE(col_key.value >= 0); // Just to be sure. We have an issue where value seems to be -1

    if (col_key) {
        check_column(col_key);
        validate_column_is_unique(col_key);
        do_set_primary_key_column(col_key);
    }
    else {
        do_set_primary_key_column(col_key);
    }
}


void Table::do_set_primary_key_column(ColKey col_key)
{
    if (col_key) {
        auto spec_ndx = leaf_ndx2spec_ndx(col_key.get_index());
        auto attr = m_spec.get_column_attr(spec_ndx);
        if (attr.test(col_attr_FullText_Indexed)) {
            throw InvalidColumnKey("primary key cannot have a full text index");
        }
    }

    if (m_primary_key_col) {
        // If the search index has not been set explicitly on current pk col, we remove it again
        auto spec_ndx = leaf_ndx2spec_ndx(m_primary_key_col.get_index());
        auto attr = m_spec.get_column_attr(spec_ndx);
        if (!attr.test(col_attr_Indexed)) {
            remove_search_index(m_primary_key_col);
        }
    }

    if (col_key) {
        m_top.set(top_position_for_pk_col, RefOrTagged::make_tagged(col_key.value));
        do_add_search_index(col_key, IndexType::General);
    }
    else {
        m_top.set(top_position_for_pk_col, 0);
    }

    m_primary_key_col = col_key;
}

bool Table::contains_unique_values(ColKey col) const
{
    if (search_index_type(col) == IndexType::General) {
        auto search_index = get_search_index(col);
        return !search_index->has_duplicate_values();
    }
    else {
        TableView tv = where().find_all();
        tv.distinct(col);
        return tv.size() == size();
    }
}

void Table::validate_column_is_unique(ColKey col) const
{
    if (!contains_unique_values(col)) {
        throw MigrationFailed(util::format("Primary key property '%1.%2' has duplicate values after migration.",
                                           get_class_name(), get_column_name(col)));
    }
}

void Table::validate_primary_column()
{
    if (ColKey col = get_primary_key_column()) {
        validate_column_is_unique(col);
    }
}

ObjKey Table::get_next_valid_key()
{
    ObjKey key;
    do {
        key = ObjKey(allocate_sequence_number());
    } while (m_clusters.is_valid(key));

    return key;
}

namespace {
template <class T>
typename util::RemoveOptional<T>::type remove_optional(T val)
{
    return val;
}
template <>
int64_t remove_optional<Optional<int64_t>>(Optional<int64_t> val)
{
    return *val;
}
template <>
bool remove_optional<Optional<bool>>(Optional<bool> val)
{
    return *val;
}
template <>
ObjectId remove_optional<Optional<ObjectId>>(Optional<ObjectId> val)
{
    return *val;
}
template <>
UUID remove_optional<Optional<UUID>>(Optional<UUID> val)
{
    return *val;
}
} // namespace

template <class F, class T>
void Table::change_nullability(ColKey key_from, ColKey key_to, bool throw_on_null)
{
    Allocator& allocator = this->get_alloc();
    bool from_nullability = is_nullable(key_from);
    auto func = [&](Cluster* cluster) {
        size_t sz = cluster->node_size();

        typename ColumnTypeTraits<F>::cluster_leaf_type from_arr(allocator);
        typename ColumnTypeTraits<T>::cluster_leaf_type to_arr(allocator);
        cluster->init_leaf(key_from, &from_arr);
        cluster->init_leaf(key_to, &to_arr);

        for (size_t i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
            if (from_nullability && from_arr.is_null(i)) {
                if (throw_on_null) {
                    throw RuntimeError(ErrorCodes::BrokenInvariant,
                                       util::format("Objects in '%1' has null value(s) in property '%2'", get_name(),
                                                    get_column_name(key_from)));
                }
                else {
                    to_arr.set(i, ColumnTypeTraits<T>::cluster_leaf_type::default_value(false));
                }
            }
            else {
                auto v = remove_optional(from_arr.get(i));
                to_arr.set(i, v);
            }
        }
    };

    m_clusters.update(func);
}

template <class F, class T>
void Table::change_nullability_list(ColKey key_from, ColKey key_to, bool throw_on_null)
{
    Allocator& allocator = this->get_alloc();
    bool from_nullability = is_nullable(key_from);
    auto func = [&](Cluster* cluster) {
        size_t sz = cluster->node_size();

        ArrayInteger from_arr(allocator);
        ArrayInteger to_arr(allocator);
        cluster->init_leaf(key_from, &from_arr);
        cluster->init_leaf(key_to, &to_arr);

        for (size_t i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
            ref_type ref_from = to_ref(from_arr.get(i));
            ref_type ref_to = to_ref(to_arr.get(i));
            REALM_ASSERT(!ref_to);

            if (ref_from) {
                BPlusTree<F> from_list(allocator);
                BPlusTree<T> to_list(allocator);
                from_list.init_from_ref(ref_from);
                to_list.create();
                size_t n = from_list.size();
                for (size_t j = 0; j < n; j++) {
                    auto v = from_list.get(j);
                    if (!from_nullability || aggregate_operations::valid_for_agg(v)) {
                        to_list.add(remove_optional(v));
                    }
                    else {
                        if (throw_on_null) {
                            throw RuntimeError(ErrorCodes::BrokenInvariant,
                                               util::format("Objects in '%1' has null value(s) in list property '%2'",
                                                            get_name(), get_column_name(key_from)));
                        }
                        else {
                            to_list.add(ColumnTypeTraits<T>::cluster_leaf_type::default_value(false));
                        }
                    }
                }
                to_arr.set(i, from_ref(to_list.get_ref()));
            }
        }
    };

    m_clusters.update(func);
}

void Table::convert_column(ColKey from, ColKey to, bool throw_on_null)
{
    realm::DataType type_id = get_column_type(from);
    bool _is_list = is_list(from);
    if (_is_list) {
        switch (type_id) {
            case type_Int:
                if (is_nullable(from)) {
                    change_nullability_list<Optional<int64_t>, int64_t>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                }
                else {
                    change_nullability_list<int64_t, Optional<int64_t>>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                }
                break;
            case type_Float:
                change_nullability_list<float, float>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                break;
            case type_Double:
                change_nullability_list<double, double>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                break;
            case type_Bool:
                change_nullability_list<Optional<bool>, Optional<bool>>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                break;
            case type_String:
                change_nullability_list<StringData, StringData>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                break;
            case type_Binary:
                change_nullability_list<BinaryData, BinaryData>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                break;
            case type_Timestamp:
                change_nullability_list<Timestamp, Timestamp>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                break;
            case type_ObjectId:
                if (is_nullable(from)) {
                    change_nullability_list<Optional<ObjectId>, ObjectId>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                }
                else {
                    change_nullability_list<ObjectId, Optional<ObjectId>>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                }
                break;
            case type_Decimal:
                change_nullability_list<Decimal128, Decimal128>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                break;
            case type_UUID:
                if (is_nullable(from)) {
                    change_nullability_list<Optional<UUID>, UUID>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                }
                else {
                    change_nullability_list<UUID, Optional<UUID>>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                }
                break;
            case type_Link:
            case type_TypedLink:
                // Can't have lists of these types
            case type_Mixed:
                // These types are no longer supported at all
                REALM_UNREACHABLE();
                break;
        }
    }
    else {
        switch (type_id) {
            case type_Int:
                if (is_nullable(from)) {
                    change_nullability<Optional<int64_t>, int64_t>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                }
                else {
                    change_nullability<int64_t, Optional<int64_t>>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                }
                break;
            case type_Float:
                change_nullability<float, float>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                break;
            case type_Double:
                change_nullability<double, double>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                break;
            case type_Bool:
                change_nullability<Optional<bool>, Optional<bool>>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                break;
            case type_String:
                change_nullability<StringData, StringData>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                break;
            case type_Binary:
                change_nullability<BinaryData, BinaryData>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                break;
            case type_Timestamp:
                change_nullability<Timestamp, Timestamp>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                break;
            case type_ObjectId:
                if (is_nullable(from)) {
                    change_nullability<Optional<ObjectId>, ObjectId>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                }
                else {
                    change_nullability<ObjectId, Optional<ObjectId>>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                }
                break;
            case type_Decimal:
                change_nullability<Decimal128, Decimal128>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                break;
            case type_UUID:
                if (is_nullable(from)) {
                    change_nullability<Optional<UUID>, UUID>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                }
                else {
                    change_nullability<UUID, Optional<UUID>>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                }
                break;
            case type_TypedLink:
            case type_Link:
                // Always nullable, so can't convert
            case type_Mixed:
                // These types are no longer supported at all
                REALM_UNREACHABLE();
                break;
        }
    }
}


ColKey Table::set_nullability(ColKey col_key, bool nullable, bool throw_on_null)
{
    if (col_key.is_nullable() == nullable)
        return col_key;

    check_column(col_key);

    auto index_type = search_index_type(col_key);
    std::string column_name(get_column_name(col_key));
    auto type = col_key.get_type();
    auto attr = col_key.get_attrs();
    bool is_pk_col = (col_key == m_primary_key_col);
    if (nullable) {
        attr.set(col_attr_Nullable);
    }
    else {
        attr.reset(col_attr_Nullable);
    }

    ColKey new_col = generate_col_key(type, attr);
    do_insert_root_column(new_col, type, "__temporary");

    try {
        convert_column(col_key, new_col, throw_on_null);
    }
    catch (...) {
        // remove any partially filled column
        remove_column(new_col);
        throw;
    }

    if (is_pk_col) {
        // If we go from non nullable to nullable, no values change,
        // so it is safe to preserve the pk column. Otherwise it is not
        // safe as a null entry might have been converted to default value.
        do_set_primary_key_column(nullable ? new_col : ColKey{});
    }

    erase_root_column(col_key);
    m_spec.rename_column(colkey2spec_ndx(new_col), column_name);

    if (index_type != IndexType::None)
        do_add_search_index(new_col, index_type);

    return new_col;
}

bool Table::has_any_embedded_objects()
{
    if (!m_has_any_embedded_objects) {
        m_has_any_embedded_objects = false;
        for_each_public_column([&](ColKey col_key) {
            auto target_table_key = get_opposite_table_key(col_key);
            if (target_table_key && is_link_type(col_key.get_type())) {
                auto target_table = get_parent_group()->get_table_unchecked(target_table_key);
                if (target_table->is_embedded()) {
                    m_has_any_embedded_objects = true;
                    return IteratorControl::Stop; // early out
                }
            }
            return IteratorControl::AdvanceToNext;
        });
    }
    return *m_has_any_embedded_objects;
}

void Table::set_opposite_column(ColKey col_key, TableKey opposite_table, ColKey opposite_column)
{
    m_opposite_table.set(col_key.get_index().val, opposite_table.value);
    m_opposite_column.set(col_key.get_index().val, opposite_column.value);
}

ColKey Table::find_backlink_column(ColKey origin_col_key, TableKey origin_table) const
{
    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_opposite_column.size(); i++) {
        if (m_opposite_column.get(i) == origin_col_key.value && m_opposite_table.get(i) == origin_table.value) {
            return m_spec.get_key(m_leaf_ndx2spec_ndx[i]);
        }
    }

    return {};
}

ColKey Table::find_or_add_backlink_column(ColKey origin_col_key, TableKey origin_table)
{
    ColKey backlink_col_key = find_backlink_column(origin_col_key, origin_table);

    if (!backlink_col_key) {
        backlink_col_key = do_insert_root_column(ColKey{}, col_type_BackLink, "");
        set_opposite_column(backlink_col_key, origin_table, origin_col_key);

        if (Replication* repl = get_repl())
            repl->typed_link_change(get_parent_group()->get_table_unchecked(origin_table), origin_col_key,
                                    m_key); // Throws
    }

    return backlink_col_key;
}

TableKey Table::get_opposite_table_key(ColKey col_key) const
{
    return TableKey(int32_t(m_opposite_table.get(col_key.get_index().val)));
}

bool Table::links_to_self(ColKey col_key) const
{
    return get_opposite_table_key(col_key) == m_key;
}

TableRef Table::get_opposite_table(ColKey col_key) const
{
    if (auto k = get_opposite_table_key(col_key)) {
        return get_parent_group()->get_table(k);
    }
    return {};
}

ColKey Table::get_opposite_column(ColKey col_key) const
{
    return ColKey(m_opposite_column.get(col_key.get_index().val));
}

ColKey Table::find_opposite_column(ColKey col_key) const
{
    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_opposite_column.size(); i++) {
        if (m_opposite_column.get(i) == col_key.value) {
            return m_spec.get_key(m_leaf_ndx2spec_ndx[i]);
        }
    }
    return ColKey();
}

ref_type Table::typed_write(_impl::ArrayWriterBase& out) const
{
    auto ref = m_top.get_ref();
    if (out.only_modified && m_alloc.is_read_only(ref))
        return ref;
    out.table = this;
    // ignore ref from here, just use Tables own accessors
    TempArray dest(m_top.size());
    for (unsigned j = 0; j < m_top.size(); ++j) {
        RefOrTagged rot = m_top.get_as_ref_or_tagged(j);
        if (rot.is_tagged() || (rot.is_ref() && rot.get_as_ref() == 0)) {
            dest.set(j, rot);
        }
        else {
            ref_type new_ref;
            if (j == 2) {
                // only do type driven write for clustertree
                new_ref = m_clusters.typed_write(rot.get_as_ref(), out);
            }
            else {
                // rest is handled using untyped approach
                Array a(m_alloc);
                a.init_from_ref(rot.get_as_ref());
                new_ref = a.write(out, true, out.only_modified, false);
            }
            dest.set_as_ref(j, new_ref);
        }
    }
    return dest.write(out);
}

StringInterner* Table::get_string_interner(ColKey::Idx idx) const
{
    REALM_ASSERT(idx.val < m_string_interners.size());
    auto interner = m_string_interners[idx.val].get();
    REALM_ASSERT(interner);
    return interner;
}

realm / realm-core / jorgen.edelbo_402

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