babelfish-for-postgresql / babelfish_extensions / 10096853962

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Support Table and Index Partitioning in Babelfish (#2702)

This commit introduces Support for Table and Index Partitioning in Babelfish, enabling users to partition large tables and indexes using partition schemes.

Key Changes:

1. Partitioned Table Support:
   - Added syntax support for creating partitioned tables using the `CREATE TABLE ... on PARTITION_SCHEME (column)` statement.
   - Implemented support for partitioned table using partition scheme, where child partitions are implicitly created by looking up the metadata of the partition function and partitioning column values.
   - Restricted InsertBulk operations for partitioned tables as they are not supported yet.
   - Restricted users from modifying Babelfish partitioned tables to attach, detach, or modify partitions of these tables to maintain data consistency in the Babelfish catalog. Existing users who have created partitioned tables from the PostgreSQL endpoint can continue to modify, attach, and detach partitions as usual.
   - Introduced sys.babelfish_partition_depend catalog to track the dependency between partitioned tables and the partition schemes used to create them. The catalog maintains consistent table name even after RENAME or DROP TABLE operations.

2. Partitioned Index Support:
   - Added syntax support for creating partitioned indexes using the `CREATE INDEX ... ON PARTITION_SCHEME (column)` statement.
   - Implemented support for creating aligned partitioned indexes, where the index partitioning scheme aligns with the underlying table partitioning scheme.
   - Restricted the ability to create non-aligned partitioned indexes with custom partition schemes.

3. System Catalog Views:
   - Modified system catalog views to exclude listing child partitions for partitioned tables and indexes.
   - Modified system catalog views to list the partitioned table along with regular tables.
   - These changes ensures that only the parent partitioned object is listed in t... (continued)

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