10013905355

Committed 19 Jul 2024 08:24PM UTC coverage: 87.966% (+0.01%) from 87.955%

Build # 10013905355

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Pull #1746

github

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Commit Message

Merge 3509c25a1 into 0306b1023

Pull Request Pull Request #1746: Support DLPack on Windows

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84.55

/dpctl/tensor/_dlpack.pyx

#                       Data Parallel Control (dpctl)
#
#  Copyright 2020-2024 Intel Corporation
#
#  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
#  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
#  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
#  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
#  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
#  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
#  limitations under the License.

# distutils: language = c++
# cython: language_level=3
# cython: linetrace=True

cimport cpython
from libc cimport stdlib
from libc.stdint cimport int32_t, int64_t, uint8_t, uint16_t, uint32_t, uint64_t

cimport dpctl as c_dpctl
cimport dpctl.memory as c_dpmem
from dpctl._sycl_queue_manager cimport get_device_cached_queue

from .._backend cimport (
    DPCTLDevice_Delete,
    DPCTLDevice_GetParentDevice,
    DPCTLSyclDeviceRef,
    DPCTLSyclUSMRef,
)
from ._usmarray cimport USM_ARRAY_C_CONTIGUOUS, USM_ARRAY_WRITABLE, usm_ndarray

import numpy as np

import dpctl
import dpctl.memory as dpmem

from ._device import Device


cdef extern from 'dlpack/dlpack.h' nogil:
    cdef int DLPACK_MAJOR_VERSION

    cdef int DLPACK_MINOR_VERSION

    cdef int DLPACK_FLAG_BITMASK_READ_ONLY

    cdef int DLPACK_FLAG_BITMASK_IS_COPIED

    ctypedef struct DLPackVersion:
        uint32_t major
        uint32_t minor

    cdef enum DLDeviceType:
        kDLCPU
        kDLCUDA
        kDLCUDAHost
        kDLCUDAManaged
        kDLROCM
        kDLROCMHost
        kDLOpenCL
        kDLVulkan
        kDLMetal
        kDLVPI
        kDLOneAPI
        kDLWebGPU
        kDLHexagon
        kDLMAIA

    ctypedef struct DLDevice:
        DLDeviceType device_type
        int device_id

    cdef enum DLDataTypeCode:
        kDLInt
        kDLUInt
        kDLFloat
        kDLBfloat
        kDLComplex
        kDLBool

    ctypedef struct DLDataType:
        uint8_t code
        uint8_t bits
        uint16_t lanes

    ctypedef struct DLTensor:
        void *data
        DLDevice device
        int ndim
        DLDataType dtype
        int64_t *shape
        int64_t *strides
        uint64_t byte_offset

    ctypedef struct DLManagedTensor:
        DLTensor dl_tensor
        void *manager_ctx
        void (*deleter)(DLManagedTensor *)  # noqa: E211

    ctypedef struct DLManagedTensorVersioned:
        DLPackVersion version
        void *manager_ctx
        void (*deleter)(DLManagedTensorVersioned *)  # noqa: E211
        uint64_t flags
        DLTensor dl_tensor


def get_build_dlpack_version():
    """
    Returns a tuple of integers representing the `major` and `minor`
    version of DLPack :module:`dpctl.tensor` was built with.
    This tuple can be passed as the `max_version` argument to
    `__dlpack__` to guarantee module:`dpctl.tensor` can properly
    consume capsule.

    Returns:
        Tuple[int, int]
            A tuple of integers representing the `major` and `minor`
            version of DLPack used to build :module:`dpctl.tensor`.
    """
    return (DLPACK_MAJOR_VERSION, DLPACK_MINOR_VERSION)


cdef void _pycapsule_deleter(object dlt_capsule) noexcept:
    cdef DLManagedTensor *dlm_tensor = NULL
    if cpython.PyCapsule_IsValid(dlt_capsule, 'dltensor'):
        dlm_tensor = <DLManagedTensor*>cpython.PyCapsule_GetPointer(
            dlt_capsule, 'dltensor')
        dlm_tensor.deleter(dlm_tensor)


cdef void _managed_tensor_deleter(DLManagedTensor *dlm_tensor) noexcept with gil:
    if dlm_tensor is not NULL:
        # we only delete shape, because we make single allocation to
        # acommodate both shape and strides if strides are needed
        stdlib.free(dlm_tensor.dl_tensor.shape)
        cpython.Py_DECREF(<object>dlm_tensor.manager_ctx)
        dlm_tensor.manager_ctx = NULL
        stdlib.free(dlm_tensor)


cdef void _pycapsule_versioned_deleter(object dlt_capsule) noexcept:
    cdef DLManagedTensorVersioned *dlmv_tensor = NULL
    if cpython.PyCapsule_IsValid(dlt_capsule, 'dltensor_versioned'):
        dlmv_tensor = <DLManagedTensorVersioned*>cpython.PyCapsule_GetPointer(
            dlt_capsule, 'dltensor_versioned')
        dlmv_tensor.deleter(dlmv_tensor)


cdef void _managed_tensor_versioned_deleter(DLManagedTensorVersioned *dlmv_tensor) noexcept with gil:
    if dlmv_tensor is not NULL:
        # we only delete shape, because we make single allocation to
        # acommodate both shape and strides if strides are needed
        stdlib.free(dlmv_tensor.dl_tensor.shape)
        cpython.Py_DECREF(<object>dlmv_tensor.manager_ctx)
        dlmv_tensor.manager_ctx = NULL
        stdlib.free(dlmv_tensor)


cdef object _get_default_context(c_dpctl.SyclDevice dev) except *:
    try:
        default_context = dev.sycl_platform.default_context
    except RuntimeError:
        # RT does not support default_context
        default_context = None

    return default_context


cdef int get_parent_device_ordinal_id(c_dpctl.SyclDevice dev) except *:
    cdef DPCTLSyclDeviceRef pDRef = NULL
    cdef DPCTLSyclDeviceRef tDRef = NULL
    cdef c_dpctl.SyclDevice p_dev

    pDRef = DPCTLDevice_GetParentDevice(dev.get_device_ref())
    if pDRef is not NULL:
        # if dev is a sub-device, find its parent
        # and return its overall ordinal id
        tDRef = DPCTLDevice_GetParentDevice(pDRef)
        while tDRef is not NULL:
            DPCTLDevice_Delete(pDRef)
            pDRef = tDRef
            tDRef = DPCTLDevice_GetParentDevice(pDRef)
        p_dev = c_dpctl.SyclDevice._create(pDRef)
        return p_dev.get_overall_ordinal()

    # return overall ordinal id of argument device
    return dev.get_overall_ordinal()


cdef int get_array_dlpack_device_id(
    usm_ndarray usm_ary
) except *:
    """Finds ordinal number of the parent of device where array
    was allocated.
    """
    cdef c_dpctl.SyclQueue ary_sycl_queue
    cdef c_dpctl.SyclDevice ary_sycl_device
    cdef DPCTLSyclDeviceRef pDRef = NULL
    cdef int device_id = -1

    ary_sycl_queue = usm_ary.get_sycl_queue()
    ary_sycl_device = ary_sycl_queue.get_sycl_device()

    default_context = _get_default_context(ary_sycl_device)
    if default_context is None:
        # check that ary_sycl_device is a non-partitioned device
        pDRef = DPCTLDevice_GetParentDevice(ary_sycl_device.get_device_ref())
        if pDRef is not NULL:
            DPCTLDevice_Delete(pDRef)
            raise DLPackCreationError(
                "to_dlpack_capsule: DLPack can only export arrays allocated "
                "on non-partitioned SYCL devices on platforms where "
                "default_context oneAPI extension is not supported."
            )
        device_id = ary_sycl_device.get_overall_ordinal()
    else:
        if not usm_ary.sycl_context == default_context:
            raise DLPackCreationError(
                "to_dlpack_capsule: DLPack can only export arrays based on USM "
                "allocations bound to a default platform SYCL context"
            )
        device_id = get_parent_device_ordinal_id(ary_sycl_device)

    if device_id < 0:
        raise DLPackCreationError(
            "get_array_dlpack_device_id: failed to determine device_id"
        )

    return device_id


cpdef to_dlpack_capsule(usm_ndarray usm_ary):
    """
    to_dlpack_capsule(usm_ary)

    Constructs named Python capsule object referencing
    instance of ``DLManagedTensor`` from
    :class:`dpctl.tensor.usm_ndarray` instance.

    Args:
        usm_ary: An instance of :class:`dpctl.tensor.usm_ndarray`
    Returns:
        A new capsule with name ``"dltensor"`` that contains
        a pointer to ``DLManagedTensor`` struct.
    Raises:
        DLPackCreationError: when array can be represented as
            DLPack tensor. This may happen when array was allocated
            on a partitioned sycl device, or its USM allocation is
            not bound to the platform default SYCL context.
        MemoryError: when host allocation to needed for ``DLManagedTensor``
            did not succeed.
        ValueError: when array elements data type could not be represented
            in ``DLManagedTensor``.
    """
    cdef DLManagedTensor *dlm_tensor = NULL
    cdef DLTensor *dl_tensor = NULL
    cdef int nd = usm_ary.get_ndim()
    cdef char *data_ptr = usm_ary.get_data()
    cdef Py_ssize_t *shape_ptr = NULL
    cdef Py_ssize_t *strides_ptr = NULL
    cdef int64_t *shape_strides_ptr = NULL
    cdef int i = 0
    cdef int device_id = -1
    cdef int flags = 0
    cdef char *base_ptr = NULL
    cdef Py_ssize_t element_offset = 0
    cdef Py_ssize_t byte_offset = 0
    cdef Py_ssize_t si = 1

    ary_base = usm_ary.get_base()

    device_id = get_array_dlpack_device_id(usm_ary)

    dlm_tensor = <DLManagedTensor *> stdlib.malloc(
        sizeof(DLManagedTensor))
    if dlm_tensor is NULL:
        raise MemoryError(
            "to_dlpack_capsule: Could not allocate memory for DLManagedTensor"
        )
    shape_strides_ptr = <int64_t *>stdlib.malloc((sizeof(int64_t) * 2) * nd)
    if shape_strides_ptr is NULL:
        stdlib.free(dlm_tensor)
        raise MemoryError(
            "to_dlpack_capsule: Could not allocate memory for shape/strides"
        )
    shape_ptr = usm_ary.get_shape()
    for i in range(nd):
        shape_strides_ptr[i] = shape_ptr[i]
    strides_ptr = usm_ary.get_strides()
    flags = usm_ary.flags_
    if strides_ptr:
        for i in range(nd):
            shape_strides_ptr[nd + i] = strides_ptr[i]
    else:
        if not (flags & USM_ARRAY_C_CONTIGUOUS):
            si = 1
            for i in range(0, nd):
                shape_strides_ptr[nd + i] = si
                si = si * shape_ptr[i]
            strides_ptr = <Py_ssize_t *>&shape_strides_ptr[nd]

    ary_dt = usm_ary.dtype
    ary_dtk = ary_dt.kind
    element_offset = usm_ary.get_offset()
    byte_offset = element_offset * (<Py_ssize_t>ary_dt.itemsize)

    dl_tensor = &dlm_tensor.dl_tensor
    dl_tensor.data = <void*>(data_ptr - byte_offset)
    dl_tensor.ndim = nd
    dl_tensor.byte_offset = <uint64_t>byte_offset
    dl_tensor.shape = &shape_strides_ptr[0]
    if strides_ptr is NULL:
        dl_tensor.strides = NULL
    else:
        dl_tensor.strides = &shape_strides_ptr[nd]
    dl_tensor.device.device_type = kDLOneAPI
    dl_tensor.device.device_id = device_id
    dl_tensor.dtype.lanes = <uint16_t>1
    dl_tensor.dtype.bits = <uint8_t>(ary_dt.itemsize * 8)
    if (ary_dtk == "b"):
        dl_tensor.dtype.code = <uint8_t>kDLBool
    elif (ary_dtk == "u"):
        dl_tensor.dtype.code = <uint8_t>kDLUInt
    elif (ary_dtk == "i"):
        dl_tensor.dtype.code = <uint8_t>kDLInt
    elif (ary_dtk == "f"):
        dl_tensor.dtype.code = <uint8_t>kDLFloat
    elif (ary_dtk == "c"):
        dl_tensor.dtype.code = <uint8_t>kDLComplex
    else:
        stdlib.free(shape_strides_ptr)
        stdlib.free(dlm_tensor)
        raise ValueError("Unrecognized array data type")

    dlm_tensor.manager_ctx = <void*>ary_base
    cpython.Py_INCREF(ary_base)
    dlm_tensor.deleter = _managed_tensor_deleter

    return cpython.PyCapsule_New(dlm_tensor, 'dltensor', _pycapsule_deleter)


cpdef to_dlpack_versioned_capsule(usm_ndarray usm_ary, bint copied):
    """
    to_dlpack_versioned_capsule(usm_ary, copied)

    Constructs named Python capsule object referencing
    instance of ``DLManagedTensorVersioned`` from
    :class:`dpctl.tensor.usm_ndarray` instance.

    Args:
        usm_ary: An instance of :class:`dpctl.tensor.usm_ndarray`
        copied: A bint representing whether the data was previously
            copied in order to set the flags with the is-copied
            bitmask.
    Returns:
        A new capsule with name ``"dltensor_versioned"`` that
        contains a pointer to ``DLManagedTensorVersioned`` struct.
    Raises:
        DLPackCreationError: when array can be represented as
            DLPack tensor. This may happen when array was allocated
            on a partitioned sycl device, or its USM allocation is
            not bound to the platform default SYCL context.
        MemoryError: when host allocation to needed for
            ``DLManagedTensorVersioned`` did not succeed.
        ValueError: when array elements data type could not be represented
            in ``DLManagedTensorVersioned``.
    """
    cdef DLManagedTensorVersioned *dlmv_tensor = NULL
    cdef DLTensor *dl_tensor = NULL
    cdef uint32_t dlmv_flags = 0
    cdef int nd = usm_ary.get_ndim()
    cdef char *data_ptr = usm_ary.get_data()
    cdef Py_ssize_t *shape_ptr = NULL
    cdef Py_ssize_t *strides_ptr = NULL
    cdef int64_t *shape_strides_ptr = NULL
    cdef int i = 0
    cdef int device_id = -1
    cdef int flags = 0
    cdef char *base_ptr = NULL
    cdef Py_ssize_t element_offset = 0
    cdef Py_ssize_t byte_offset = 0
    cdef Py_ssize_t si = 1

    ary_base = usm_ary.get_base()

    # Find ordinal number of the parent device
    device_id = get_array_dlpack_device_id(usm_ary)

    dlmv_tensor = <DLManagedTensorVersioned *> stdlib.malloc(
        sizeof(DLManagedTensorVersioned))
    if dlmv_tensor is NULL:
        raise MemoryError(
            "to_dlpack_versioned_capsule: Could not allocate memory "
            "for DLManagedTensorVersioned"
        )
    shape_strides_ptr = <int64_t *>stdlib.malloc((sizeof(int64_t) * 2) * nd)
    if shape_strides_ptr is NULL:
        stdlib.free(dlmv_tensor)
        raise MemoryError(
            "to_dlpack_versioned_capsule: Could not allocate memory "
            "for shape/strides"
        )
    # this can be a separate function for handling shapes and strides
    shape_ptr = usm_ary.get_shape()
    for i in range(nd):
        shape_strides_ptr[i] = shape_ptr[i]
    strides_ptr = usm_ary.get_strides()
    flags = usm_ary.flags_
    if strides_ptr:
        for i in range(nd):
            shape_strides_ptr[nd + i] = strides_ptr[i]
    else:
        if not (flags & USM_ARRAY_C_CONTIGUOUS):
            si = 1
            for i in range(0, nd):
                shape_strides_ptr[nd + i] = si
                si = si * shape_ptr[i]
            strides_ptr = <Py_ssize_t *>&shape_strides_ptr[nd]

    # this can all be a function for building the dl_tensor
    # object (separate from dlm/dlmv)
    ary_dt = usm_ary.dtype
    ary_dtk = ary_dt.kind
    element_offset = usm_ary.get_offset()
    byte_offset = element_offset * (<Py_ssize_t>ary_dt.itemsize)

    dl_tensor = &dlmv_tensor.dl_tensor
    dl_tensor.data = <void*>(data_ptr - byte_offset)
    dl_tensor.ndim = nd
    dl_tensor.byte_offset = <uint64_t>byte_offset
    dl_tensor.shape = &shape_strides_ptr[0]
    if strides_ptr is NULL:
        dl_tensor.strides = NULL
    else:
        dl_tensor.strides = &shape_strides_ptr[nd]
    dl_tensor.device.device_type = kDLOneAPI
    dl_tensor.device.device_id = device_id
    dl_tensor.dtype.lanes = <uint16_t>1
    dl_tensor.dtype.bits = <uint8_t>(ary_dt.itemsize * 8)
    if (ary_dtk == "b"):
        dl_tensor.dtype.code = <uint8_t>kDLBool
    elif (ary_dtk == "u"):
        dl_tensor.dtype.code = <uint8_t>kDLUInt
    elif (ary_dtk == "i"):
        dl_tensor.dtype.code = <uint8_t>kDLInt
    elif (ary_dtk == "f"):
        dl_tensor.dtype.code = <uint8_t>kDLFloat
    elif (ary_dtk == "c"):
        dl_tensor.dtype.code = <uint8_t>kDLComplex
    else:
        stdlib.free(shape_strides_ptr)
        stdlib.free(dlmv_tensor)
        raise ValueError("Unrecognized array data type")

    # set flags down here
    if copied:
        dlmv_flags |= DLPACK_FLAG_BITMASK_IS_COPIED
    if not (flags & USM_ARRAY_WRITABLE):
        dlmv_flags |= DLPACK_FLAG_BITMASK_READ_ONLY
    dlmv_tensor.flags = dlmv_flags

    dlmv_tensor.version.major = DLPACK_MAJOR_VERSION
    dlmv_tensor.version.minor = DLPACK_MINOR_VERSION

    dlmv_tensor.manager_ctx = <void*>ary_base
    cpython.Py_INCREF(ary_base)
    dlmv_tensor.deleter = _managed_tensor_versioned_deleter

    return cpython.PyCapsule_New(dlmv_tensor, 'dltensor_versioned', _pycapsule_versioned_deleter)


cdef class _DLManagedTensorOwner:
    """
    Helper class managing the lifetime of the DLManagedTensor struct
    transferred from a 'dlpack' capsule.
    """
    cdef DLManagedTensor * dlm_tensor

    def __cinit__(self):
        self.dlm_tensor = NULL

    def __dealloc__(self):
        if self.dlm_tensor:
            self.dlm_tensor.deleter(self.dlm_tensor)
            self.dlm_tensor = NULL

    @staticmethod
    cdef _DLManagedTensorOwner _create(DLManagedTensor *dlm_tensor_src):
        cdef _DLManagedTensorOwner res = _DLManagedTensorOwner.__new__(_DLManagedTensorOwner)
        res.dlm_tensor = dlm_tensor_src
        return res


cdef class _DLManagedTensorVersionedOwner:
    """
    Helper class managing the lifetime of the DLManagedTensorVersioned
    struct transferred from a 'dlpack_versioned' capsule.
    """
    cdef DLManagedTensorVersioned * dlmv_tensor

    def __cinit__(self):
        self.dlmv_tensor = NULL

    def __dealloc__(self):
        if self.dlmv_tensor:
            self.dlmv_tensor.deleter(self.dlmv_tensor)
            self.dlmv_tensor = NULL

    @staticmethod
    cdef _DLManagedTensorVersionedOwner _create(DLManagedTensorVersioned *dlmv_tensor_src):
        cdef _DLManagedTensorVersionedOwner res = _DLManagedTensorVersionedOwner.__new__(_DLManagedTensorVersionedOwner)
        res.dlmv_tensor = dlmv_tensor_src
        return res


cpdef usm_ndarray from_dlpack_capsule(object py_caps):
    """
    from_dlpack_capsule(caps)

    Reconstructs instance of :class:`dpctl.tensor.usm_ndarray` from
    named Python capsule object referencing instance of ``DLManagedTensor``
    without copy. The instance forms a view in the memory of the tensor.

    Args:
        caps:
            Python capsule with name ``"dltensor"`` expected to reference
            an instance of ``DLManagedTensor`` struct.
    Returns:
        Instance of :class:`dpctl.tensor.usm_ndarray` with a view into
        memory of the tensor. Capsule is renamed to ``"used_dltensor"``
        upon success.
    Raises:
        TypeError:
            if argument is not a ``"dltensor"`` capsule.
        ValueError:
            if argument is ``"used_dltensor"`` capsule
        BufferError:
            if the USM pointer is not bound to the reconstructed
            sycl context, or the DLPack's device_type is not supported
            by :mod:`dpctl`.
    """
    cdef DLManagedTensor *dlm_tensor = NULL
    cdef bytes usm_type
    cdef size_t sz = 1
    cdef size_t alloc_sz = 1
    cdef int i
    cdef int device_id = -1
    cdef int element_bytesize = 0
    cdef Py_ssize_t offset_min = 0
    cdef Py_ssize_t offset_max = 0
    cdef char *mem_ptr = NULL
    cdef Py_ssize_t mem_ptr_delta = 0
    cdef Py_ssize_t element_offset = 0
    cdef int64_t stride_i = -1
    cdef int64_t shape_i = -1

    if not cpython.PyCapsule_IsValid(py_caps, 'dltensor'):
        if cpython.PyCapsule_IsValid(py_caps, 'used_dltensor'):
            raise ValueError(
                "A DLPack tensor object can not be consumed multiple times"
            )
        else:
            raise TypeError(
                "`from_dlpack_capsule` expects a Python 'dltensor' capsule"
            )
    dlm_tensor = <DLManagedTensor*>cpython.PyCapsule_GetPointer(
            py_caps, "dltensor")
    # Verify that we can work with this device
    if dlm_tensor.dl_tensor.device.device_type == kDLOneAPI:
        device_id = dlm_tensor.dl_tensor.device.device_id
        root_device = dpctl.SyclDevice(str(<int>device_id))
        try:
            default_context = root_device.sycl_platform.default_context
        except RuntimeError:
            default_context = get_device_cached_queue(root_device).sycl_context
        if dlm_tensor.dl_tensor.data is NULL:
            usm_type = b"device"
            q = get_device_cached_queue((default_context, root_device,))
        else:
            usm_type = c_dpmem._Memory.get_pointer_type(
                <DPCTLSyclUSMRef> dlm_tensor.dl_tensor.data,
                <c_dpctl.SyclContext>default_context)
            if usm_type == b"unknown":
                raise BufferError(
                    "Data pointer in DLPack is not bound to default sycl "
                    f"context of device '{device_id}', translated to "
                    f"{root_device.filter_string}"
                )
            alloc_device = c_dpmem._Memory.get_pointer_device(
                <DPCTLSyclUSMRef> dlm_tensor.dl_tensor.data,
                <c_dpctl.SyclContext>default_context
            )
            q = get_device_cached_queue((default_context, alloc_device,))
        if dlm_tensor.dl_tensor.dtype.bits % 8:
            raise BufferError(
                "Can not import DLPack tensor whose element's "
                "bitsize is not a multiple of 8"
            )
        if dlm_tensor.dl_tensor.dtype.lanes != 1:
            raise BufferError(
                "Can not import DLPack tensor with lanes != 1"
            )
        offset_min = 0
        if dlm_tensor.dl_tensor.strides is NULL:
            for i in range(dlm_tensor.dl_tensor.ndim):
                sz = sz * dlm_tensor.dl_tensor.shape[i]
            offset_max = sz - 1
        else:
            offset_max = 0
            for i in range(dlm_tensor.dl_tensor.ndim):
                stride_i = dlm_tensor.dl_tensor.strides[i]
                shape_i = dlm_tensor.dl_tensor.shape[i]
                if shape_i > 1:
                    shape_i -= 1
                    if stride_i > 0:
                        offset_max = offset_max + stride_i * shape_i
                    else:
                        offset_min = offset_min + stride_i * shape_i
            sz = offset_max - offset_min + 1
        if sz == 0:
            sz = 1

        element_bytesize = (dlm_tensor.dl_tensor.dtype.bits // 8)
        sz = sz * element_bytesize
        element_offset = dlm_tensor.dl_tensor.byte_offset // element_bytesize

        # transfer dlm_tensor ownership
        dlm_holder = _DLManagedTensorOwner._create(dlm_tensor)
        cpython.PyCapsule_SetName(py_caps, 'used_dltensor')

        if dlm_tensor.dl_tensor.data is NULL:
            usm_mem = dpmem.MemoryUSMDevice(sz, q)
        else:
            mem_ptr_delta = dlm_tensor.dl_tensor.byte_offset - (
                element_offset * element_bytesize
            )
            mem_ptr = <char *>dlm_tensor.dl_tensor.data
            alloc_sz = dlm_tensor.dl_tensor.byte_offset + <uint64_t>(
                (offset_max + 1) * element_bytesize)
            tmp = c_dpmem._Memory.create_from_usm_pointer_size_qref(
                <DPCTLSyclUSMRef> mem_ptr,
                max(alloc_sz, <uint64_t>element_bytesize),
                (<c_dpctl.SyclQueue>q).get_queue_ref(),
                memory_owner=dlm_holder
            )
            if mem_ptr_delta == 0:
                usm_mem = tmp
            else:
                alloc_sz = dlm_tensor.dl_tensor.byte_offset + <uint64_t>(
                    (offset_max * element_bytesize + mem_ptr_delta))
                usm_mem = c_dpmem._Memory.create_from_usm_pointer_size_qref(
                    <DPCTLSyclUSMRef> (mem_ptr + (element_bytesize - mem_ptr_delta)),
                    max(alloc_sz, <uint64_t>element_bytesize),
                    (<c_dpctl.SyclQueue>q).get_queue_ref(),
                    memory_owner=tmp
                )
        py_shape = list()
        for i in range(dlm_tensor.dl_tensor.ndim):
            py_shape.append(dlm_tensor.dl_tensor.shape[i])
        if (dlm_tensor.dl_tensor.strides is NULL):
            py_strides = None
        else:
            py_strides = list()
            for i in range(dlm_tensor.dl_tensor.ndim):
                py_strides.append(dlm_tensor.dl_tensor.strides[i])
        if (dlm_tensor.dl_tensor.dtype.code == kDLUInt):
            ary_dt = np.dtype("u" + str(element_bytesize))
        elif (dlm_tensor.dl_tensor.dtype.code == kDLInt):
            ary_dt = np.dtype("i" + str(element_bytesize))
        elif (dlm_tensor.dl_tensor.dtype.code == kDLFloat):
            ary_dt = np.dtype("f" + str(element_bytesize))
        elif (dlm_tensor.dl_tensor.dtype.code == kDLComplex):
            ary_dt = np.dtype("c" + str(element_bytesize))
        elif (dlm_tensor.dl_tensor.dtype.code == kDLBool):
            ary_dt = np.dtype("?")
        else:
            raise BufferError(
                "Can not import DLPack tensor with type code {}.".format(
                    <object>dlm_tensor.dl_tensor.dtype.code
                )
            )
        res_ary = usm_ndarray(
            py_shape,
            dtype=ary_dt,
            buffer=usm_mem,
            strides=py_strides,
            offset=element_offset
        )
        return res_ary
    else:
        raise BufferError(
            "The DLPack tensor resides on unsupported device."
        )


cpdef usm_ndarray from_dlpack_versioned_capsule(object py_caps):
    """
    from_dlpack_versioned_capsule(caps)

    Reconstructs instance of :class:`dpctl.tensor.usm_ndarray` from
    named Python capsule object referencing instance of
    ``DLManagedTensorVersioned`` without copy. The instance forms a
    view in the memory of the tensor.

    Args:
        caps:
            Python capsule with name ``"dltensor_versioned"`` expected
            to reference an instance of ``DLManagedTensorVersioned``
            struct.
    Returns:
        Instance of :class:`dpctl.tensor.usm_ndarray` with a view into
        memory of the tensor. Capsule is renamed to
        ``"used_dltensor_versioned"`` upon success.
    Raises:
        TypeError:
            if argument is not a ``"dltensor_versioned"`` capsule.
        ValueError:
            if argument is ``"used_dltensor_versioned"`` capsule
        BufferError:
            if the USM pointer is not bound to the reconstructed
            sycl context, or the DLPack's device_type is not supported
            by :mod:`dpctl`.
    """
    cdef DLManagedTensorVersioned *dlmv_tensor = NULL
    cdef bytes usm_type
    cdef size_t sz = 1
    cdef size_t alloc_sz = 1
    cdef int i
    cdef int device_id = -1
    cdef int element_bytesize = 0
    cdef Py_ssize_t offset_min = 0
    cdef Py_ssize_t offset_max = 0
    cdef char *mem_ptr = NULL
    cdef Py_ssize_t mem_ptr_delta = 0
    cdef Py_ssize_t element_offset = 0
    cdef int64_t stride_i = -1
    cdef int64_t shape_i = -1

    if not cpython.PyCapsule_IsValid(py_caps, 'dltensor_versioned'):
        if cpython.PyCapsule_IsValid(py_caps, 'used_dltensor_versioned'):
            raise ValueError(
                "A DLPack tensor object can not be consumed multiple times"
            )
        else:
            raise TypeError(
                "`from_dlpack_versioned_capsule` expects a Python "
                "'dltensor_versioned' capsule"
            )
    dlmv_tensor = <DLManagedTensorVersioned*>cpython.PyCapsule_GetPointer(
            py_caps, "dltensor_versioned")
    # Verify that we can work with this device
    if dlmv_tensor.dl_tensor.device.device_type == kDLOneAPI:
        device_id = dlmv_tensor.dl_tensor.device.device_id
        root_device = dpctl.SyclDevice(str(<int>device_id))
        try:
            default_context = root_device.sycl_platform.default_context
        except RuntimeError:
            default_context = get_device_cached_queue(root_device).sycl_context
        if dlmv_tensor.dl_tensor.data is NULL:
            usm_type = b"device"
            q = get_device_cached_queue((default_context, root_device,))
        else:
            usm_type = c_dpmem._Memory.get_pointer_type(
                <DPCTLSyclUSMRef> dlmv_tensor.dl_tensor.data,
                <c_dpctl.SyclContext>default_context)
            if usm_type == b"unknown":
                raise BufferError(
                    "Data pointer in DLPack is not bound to default sycl "
                    f"context of device '{device_id}', translated to "
                    f"{root_device.filter_string}"
                )
            alloc_device = c_dpmem._Memory.get_pointer_device(
                <DPCTLSyclUSMRef> dlmv_tensor.dl_tensor.data,
                <c_dpctl.SyclContext>default_context
            )
            q = get_device_cached_queue((default_context, alloc_device,))
        if dlmv_tensor.dl_tensor.dtype.bits % 8:
            raise BufferError(
                "Can not import DLPack tensor whose element's "
                "bitsize is not a multiple of 8"
            )
        if dlmv_tensor.dl_tensor.dtype.lanes != 1:
            raise BufferError(
                "Can not import DLPack tensor with lanes != 1"
            )
        if dlmv_tensor.version.major > DLPACK_MAJOR_VERSION:
            raise BufferError(
                "Can not import DLPack tensor with major version "
                f"greater than {DLPACK_MAJOR_VERSION}"
            )
        offset_min = 0
        if dlmv_tensor.dl_tensor.strides is NULL:
            for i in range(dlmv_tensor.dl_tensor.ndim):
                sz = sz * dlmv_tensor.dl_tensor.shape[i]
            offset_max = sz - 1
        else:
            offset_max = 0
            for i in range(dlmv_tensor.dl_tensor.ndim):
                stride_i = dlmv_tensor.dl_tensor.strides[i]
                shape_i = dlmv_tensor.dl_tensor.shape[i]
                if shape_i > 1:
                    shape_i -= 1
                    if stride_i > 0:
                        offset_max = offset_max + stride_i * shape_i
                    else:
                        offset_min = offset_min + stride_i * shape_i
            sz = offset_max - offset_min + 1
        if sz == 0:
            sz = 1

        element_bytesize = (dlmv_tensor.dl_tensor.dtype.bits // 8)
        sz = sz * element_bytesize
        element_offset = dlmv_tensor.dl_tensor.byte_offset // element_bytesize

        # transfer dlmv_tensor ownership
        dlmv_holder = _DLManagedTensorVersionedOwner._create(dlmv_tensor)
        cpython.PyCapsule_SetName(py_caps, 'used_dltensor_versioned')

        if dlmv_tensor.dl_tensor.data is NULL:
            usm_mem = dpmem.MemoryUSMDevice(sz, q)
        else:
            mem_ptr_delta = dlmv_tensor.dl_tensor.byte_offset - (
                element_offset * element_bytesize
            )
            mem_ptr = <char *>dlmv_tensor.dl_tensor.data
            alloc_sz = dlmv_tensor.dl_tensor.byte_offset + <uint64_t>(
                (offset_max + 1) * element_bytesize)
            tmp = c_dpmem._Memory.create_from_usm_pointer_size_qref(
                <DPCTLSyclUSMRef> mem_ptr,
                max(alloc_sz, <uint64_t>element_bytesize),
                (<c_dpctl.SyclQueue>q).get_queue_ref(),
                memory_owner=dlmv_holder
            )
            if mem_ptr_delta == 0:
                usm_mem = tmp
            else:
                alloc_sz = dlmv_tensor.dl_tensor.byte_offset + <uint64_t>(
                    (offset_max * element_bytesize + mem_ptr_delta))
                usm_mem = c_dpmem._Memory.create_from_usm_pointer_size_qref(
                    <DPCTLSyclUSMRef> (mem_ptr + (element_bytesize - mem_ptr_delta)),
                    max(alloc_sz, <uint64_t>element_bytesize),
                    (<c_dpctl.SyclQueue>q).get_queue_ref(),
                    memory_owner=tmp
                )
        py_shape = list()
        for i in range(dlmv_tensor.dl_tensor.ndim):
            py_shape.append(dlmv_tensor.dl_tensor.shape[i])
        if (dlmv_tensor.dl_tensor.strides is NULL):
            py_strides = None
        else:
            py_strides = list()
            for i in range(dlmv_tensor.dl_tensor.ndim):
                py_strides.append(dlmv_tensor.dl_tensor.strides[i])
        if (dlmv_tensor.dl_tensor.dtype.code == kDLUInt):
            ary_dt = np.dtype("u" + str(element_bytesize))
        elif (dlmv_tensor.dl_tensor.dtype.code == kDLInt):
            ary_dt = np.dtype("i" + str(element_bytesize))
        elif (dlmv_tensor.dl_tensor.dtype.code == kDLFloat):
            ary_dt = np.dtype("f" + str(element_bytesize))
        elif (dlmv_tensor.dl_tensor.dtype.code == kDLComplex):
            ary_dt = np.dtype("c" + str(element_bytesize))
        elif (dlmv_tensor.dl_tensor.dtype.code == kDLBool):
            ary_dt = np.dtype("?")
        else:
            raise BufferError(
                "Can not import DLPack tensor with type code {}.".format(
                    <object>dlmv_tensor.dl_tensor.dtype.code
                )
            )
        res_ary = usm_ndarray(
            py_shape,
            dtype=ary_dt,
            buffer=usm_mem,
            strides=py_strides,
            offset=element_offset
        )
        if (dlmv_tensor.flags & DLPACK_FLAG_BITMASK_READ_ONLY):
            res_ary.flags_ = (res_ary.flags_ & ~USM_ARRAY_WRITABLE)
        return res_ary
    else:
        raise BufferError(
            "The DLPack tensor resides on unsupported device."
        )


def from_dlpack(x, /, *, device=None, copy=None):
    """ from_dlpack(x, /, *, device=None, copy=None)

    Constructs :class:`dpctl.tensor.usm_ndarray` instance from a Python
    object ``x`` that implements ``__dlpack__`` protocol.

    Args:
        x (Python object):
            A Python object representing an array that supports
            ``__dlpack__`` protocol.
        device (Optional[str,
                         :class:`dpctl.SyclDevice`,
                         :class:`dpctl.SyclQueue`,
                         :class:`dpctl.tensor.Device`,
                         tuple([enum.Enum, int])])):
            Array API concept of a device where the output array is to be placed.
            ``device`` can be ``None``, a oneAPI filter selector
            string, an instance of :class:`dpctl.SyclDevice` corresponding to
            a non-partitioned SYCL device, an instance of
            :class:`dpctl.SyclQueue`, a :class:`dpctl.tensor.Device` object
            returned by :attr:`dpctl.tensor.usm_ndarray.device`, or a
            2-tuple matching the format of the output of the ``__dlpack_device__``
            method, an integer enumerator representing the device type followed by
            an integer representing the index of the device.
            Default: ``None``.
        copy (bool, optional)
            Boolean indicating whether or not to copy the input.

            * If ``copy`` is ``True``, the input will always be
                copied.
            * If ``False``, a ``BufferError`` will be raised if a
                copy is deemed necessary.
            * If ``None``, a copy will be made only if deemed
                necessary, otherwise, the existing memory buffer will
                be reused.

            Default: ``None``.

    Returns:
        usm_ndarray:
            An array containing the data in ``x``. When ``copy`` is
            ``None`` or ``False``, this may be a view into the original
            memory.

    Raises:
        TypeError:
            if ``x`` does not implement ``__dlpack__`` method
        ValueError:
            if the input array resides on an unsupported device

    See https://dmlc.github.io/dlpack/latest/ for more details.

    :Example:

        .. code-block:: python

            import dpctl
            import dpctl.tensor as dpt

            class Container:
                "Helper class implementing `__dlpack__` protocol"
                def __init__(self, array):
                    self._array = array

                def __dlpack__(self, stream=None):
                    return self._array.__dlpack__(stream=stream)

                def __dlpack_device__(self):
                    return self._array.__dlpack_device__()

            C = Container(dpt.linspace(0, 100, num=20, dtype="int16"))
            X = dpt.from_dlpack(C)

    """
    if not hasattr(x, "__dlpack__"):
        raise TypeError(
            f"The argument of type {type(x)} does not implement "
            "`__dlpack__` method."
        )
    dlpack_attr = getattr(x, "__dlpack__")
    if not callable(dlpack_attr):
        raise TypeError(
            f"The argument of type {type(x)} does not implement "
            "`__dlpack__` method."
        )
    try:
        # device is converted to a dlpack_device if necessary
        dl_device = None
        if device:
            if isinstance(device, tuple):
                dl_device = device
            else:
                if not isinstance(device, dpctl.SyclDevice):
                    d = Device.create_device(device).sycl_device
                    dl_device = (device_OneAPI, get_parent_device_ordinal_id(<c_dpctl.SyclDevice>d))
                else:
                    dl_device = (device_OneAPI, get_parent_device_ordinal_id(<c_dpctl.SyclDevice>device))
        dlpack_capsule = dlpack_attr(max_version=get_build_dlpack_version(), dl_device=dl_device, copy=copy)
        return from_dlpack_versioned_capsule(dlpack_capsule)
    except TypeError:
        dlpack_capsule = dlpack_attr()
        return from_dlpack_capsule(dlpack_capsule)

IntelPython / dpctl / 10013905355

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