jorgen.edelbo_334

Committed 01 Jul 2024 07:22AM UTC coverage: 90.829% (-0.04%) from 90.865%

Build # jorgen.edelbo_334

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Pull #7803

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jedelbo

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Merge branch 'next-major' into feature/string-compression

Pull Request Pull Request #7803: Feature/string compression

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/src/realm/table.cpp

/*************************************************************************
 *
 * Copyright 2016 Realm Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 *
 **************************************************************************/

#include <realm/table.hpp>

#include <realm/alloc_slab.hpp>
#include <realm/array_binary.hpp>
#include <realm/array_bool.hpp>
#include <realm/array_decimal128.hpp>
#include <realm/array_fixed_bytes.hpp>
#include <realm/array_string.hpp>
#include <realm/array_timestamp.hpp>
#include <realm/db.hpp>
#include <realm/transaction.hpp>
#include <realm/dictionary.hpp>
#include <realm/exceptions.hpp>
#include <realm/impl/destroy_guard.hpp>
#include <realm/index_string.hpp>
#include <realm/query_conditions_tpl.hpp>
#include <realm/replication.hpp>
#include <realm/table_view.hpp>
#include <realm/util/features.h>
#include <realm/util/serializer.hpp>
#include <realm/string_interner.hpp>

#include <stdexcept>

#ifdef REALM_DEBUG
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#endif

/// \page AccessorConsistencyLevels
///
/// These are the three important levels of consistency of a hierarchy of
/// Realm accessors rooted in a common group accessor (tables, columns, rows,
/// descriptors, arrays):
///
/// ### Fully Consistent Accessor Hierarchy (or just "Full Consistency")
///
/// All attached accessors are in a fully valid state and can be freely used by
/// the application. From the point of view of the application, the accessor
/// hierarchy remains in this state as long as no library function throws.
///
/// If a library function throws, and the exception is one that is considered
/// part of the API, such as util::File::NotFound, then the accessor hierarchy
/// remains fully consistent. In all other cases, such as when a library
/// function fails because of memory exhaustion, and it throws std::bad_alloc,
/// the application may no longer assume anything beyond minimal consistency.
///
/// ### Minimally Consistent Accessor Hierarchy (or just "Minimal Consistency")
///
/// No correspondence between the accessor states and the underlying node
/// structure can be assumed, but all parent and child accessor references are
/// valid (i.e., not dangling). There are specific additional guarantees, but
/// only on some parts of the internal accessors states, and only on some parts
/// of the structural state.
///
/// This level of consistency is guaranteed at all times, and it is also the
/// **maximum** that may be assumed by the application after a library function
/// fails by throwing an unexpected exception (such as std::bad_alloc). It is
/// also the **minimum** level of consistency that is required to be able to
/// properly destroy the accessor objects (manually, or as a result of stack
/// unwinding).
///
/// It is supposed to be a library-wide invariant that an accessor hierarchy is
/// at least minimally consistent, but so far, only some parts of the library
/// conform to it.
///
/// Note: With proper use, and maintenance of Minimal Consistency, it is
/// possible to ensure that no memory is leaked after a group accessor is
/// destroyed, even after a library function has failed because of memory
/// exhaustion. This is possible because the underlying nodes are allocated in
/// the context of the group, and they can all be freed by the group when it is
/// destroyed. On the other hand, when working with free-standing tables, each
/// underlying node is allocated individually on the heap, so in this case we
/// cannot prevent memory leaks, because there is no way of knowing what to free
/// when the table accessor is destroyed.
///
/// ### Structurally Correspondent Accessor Hierarchy (or simply "Structural Correspondence")
///
/// The structure of the accessor hierarchy is in agreement with the underlying
/// node structure, but the refs (references to underlying nodes) are generally
/// not valid, and certain other parts of the accessor states are also generally
/// not valid. This state of consistency is important mainly during the
/// advancing of read transactions (implicit transactions), and is not exposed
/// to the application.
///
///
/// Below is a detailed specification of the requirements for Minimal
/// Consistency and for Structural Correspondence.
///
///
/// Minimally Consistent Accessor Hierarchy (accessor destruction)
/// --------------------------------------------------------------
///
/// This section defines a level of accessor consistency known as "Minimally
/// Consistent Accessor Hierarchy". It applies to a set of accessors rooted in a
/// common group. It does not imply any level of correspondance between the
/// state of the accessors and the underlying node structure. It enables safe
/// destruction of the accessor objects by requiring that the following items
/// are valid (the list may not yet be complete):
///
///  - Every allocated accessor is either a group accessor, or occurs as a
///    direct, or an indirect child of a group accessor.
///
///  - No allocated accessor occurs as a child more than once (for example, no
///    doublets are allowed in Group::m_table_accessors).
///
///  - The 'is_attached' property of array accessors (Array::m_data == 0). For
///    example, `Table::m_top` is attached if and only if that table accessor
///    was attached to a table with independent dynamic type.
///
///  - The 'parent' property of array accessors (Array::m_parent), but
///    crucially, **not** the `index_in_parent` property.
///
///  - The list of table accessors in a group accessor
///    (Group::m_table_accessors). All non-null pointers refer to existing table
///    accessors.
///
///  - The list of column accessors in a table acccessor (Table::m_cols). All
///    non-null pointers refer to existing column accessors.
///
///  - The 'root_array' property of a column accessor (ColumnBase::m_array). It
///    always refers to an existing array accessor. The exact type of that array
///    accessor must be determinable from the following properties of itself:
///    `is_inner_bptree_node` (Array::m_is_inner_bptree_node), `has_refs`
///    (Array::m_has_refs), and `context_flag` (Array::m_context_flag). This
///    allows for a column accessor to be properly destroyed.
///
///  - The map of subtable accessors in a column acccessor
///    (SubtableColumnBase:m_subtable_map). All pointers refer to existing
///    subtable accessors, but it is not required that the set of subtable
///    accessors referenced from a particular parent P conincide with the set of
///    subtables accessors specifying P as parent.
///
///  - The `descriptor` property of a table accesor (Table::m_descriptor). If it
///    is not null, then it refers to an existing descriptor accessor.
///
///  - The map of subdescriptor accessors in a descriptor accessor
///    (Descriptor::m_subdesc_map). All non-null pointers refer to existing
///    subdescriptor accessors.
///
///  - The `search_index` property of a column accesor (StringColumn::m_index,
///    StringEnumColumn::m_index). When it is non-null, it refers to an existing
///    search index accessor.
///
///
/// Structurally Correspondent Accessor Hierarchy (accessor reattachment)
/// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
///
/// This section defines what it means for an accessor hierarchy to be
/// "Structurally Correspondent". It applies to a set of accessors rooted in a
/// common group. The general idea is that the structure of the accessors must
/// match the underlying structure to such an extent that there is never any
/// doubt about which underlying node that corresponds with a particular
/// accessor. It is assumed that the accessor tree, and the underlying node
/// structure are structurally sound individually.
///
/// With this level of correspondence, it is possible to reattach the accessor
/// tree to the underlying node structure (Table::refresh_accessor_tree()).
///
/// While all the accessors in the tree must be in the attached state (before
/// reattachement), they are not required to refer to existing underlying nodes;
/// that is, their references **are** allowed to be dangling. Roughly speaking,
/// this means that the accessor tree must have been attached to a node
/// structure at some earlier point in time.
///
//
/// Requirements at group level:
///
///  - The number of tables in the underlying group must be equal to the number
///    of entries in `Group::m_table_accessors` in the group accessor.
///
///  - For each table in the underlying group, the corresponding entry in
///    `Table::m_table_accessors` (at same index) is either null, or points to a
///    table accessor that satisfies all the "requirements for a table".
///
/// Requirements for a table:
///
///  - The corresponding underlying table has independent descriptor if, and
///    only if `Table::m_top` is attached.
///
///  - The row index of every row accessor is strictly less than the number of
///    rows in the underlying table.
///
///  - If `Table::m_columns` is unattached (degenerate table), then
///    `Table::m_cols` is empty, otherwise the number of columns in the
///    underlying table is equal to the number of entries in `Table::m_cols`.
///
///  - Each entry in `Table::m_cols` is either null, or points to a column
///    accessor whose type agrees with the data type (realm::DataType) of the
///    corresponding underlying column (at same index).
///
///  - If a column accessor is of type `StringEnumColumn`, then the
///    corresponding underlying column must be an enumerated strings column (the
///    reverse is not required).
///
///  - If a column accessor is equipped with a search index accessor, then the
///    corresponding underlying column must be equipped with a search index (the
///    reverse is not required).
///
///  - For each entry in the subtable map of a column accessor there must be an
///    underlying subtable at column `i` and row `j`, where `i` is the index of
///    the column accessor in `Table::m_cols`, and `j` is the value of
///    `SubtableColumnBase::SubtableMap::entry::m_subtable_ndx`. The
///    corresponding subtable accessor must satisfy all the "requirements for a
///    table" with respect to that underlying subtable.
///
///  - It the table refers to a descriptor accessor (only possible for tables
///    with independent descriptor), then that descriptor accessor must satisfy
///    all the "requirements for a descriptor" with respect to the underlying
///    spec structure (of this table).
///
/// Requirements for a descriptor:
///
///  - For each entry in the subdescriptor map there must be an underlying
///    subspec at column `i`, where `i` is the value of
///    `Descriptor::subdesc_entry::m_column_ndx`. The corresponding
///    subdescriptor accessor must satisfy all the "requirements for a
///    descriptor" with respect to that underlying subspec.
///
/// The 'ndx_in_parent' property of most array accessors is required to be
/// valid. The exceptions are:
///
///  - The top array accessor of root tables (Table::m_top). Root tables are
///    tables with independent descriptor.
///
///  - The columns array accessor of subtables with shared descriptor
///    (Table::m_columns).
///
///  - The top array accessor of spec objects of subtables with shared
///    descriptor (Table::m_spec.m_top).
///
///  - The root array accessor of table level columns
///    (*Table::m_cols[]->m_array).
///
///  - The root array accessor of the subcolumn of unique strings in an
///    enumerated string column (*StringEnumColumn::m_keys.m_array).
///
///  - The root array accessor of search indexes
///    (*Table::m_cols[]->m_index->m_array).
///
/// Note that Structural Correspondence trivially includes Minimal Consistency,
/// since the latter it an invariant.


using namespace realm;
using namespace realm::util;

Replication* Table::g_dummy_replication = nullptr;

static inline bool needs_string_interner(ColKey col_key)
{
    return col_key.get_type() == col_type_String || col_key.get_type() == col_type_Mixed || col_key.is_dictionary();
}

bool TableVersions::operator==(const TableVersions& other) const
{
    if (size() != other.size())
        return false;
    size_t sz = size();
    for (size_t i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
        REALM_ASSERT_DEBUG(this->at(i).first == other.at(i).first);
        if (this->at(i).second != other.at(i).second)
            return false;
    }
    return true;
}

namespace realm {
const char* get_data_type_name(DataType type) noexcept
{
    switch (type) {
        case type_Int:
            return "int";
        case type_Bool:
            return "bool";
        case type_Float:
            return "float";
        case type_Double:
            return "double";
        case type_String:
            return "string";
        case type_Binary:
            return "binary";
        case type_Timestamp:
            return "timestamp";
        case type_ObjectId:
            return "objectId";
        case type_Decimal:
            return "decimal128";
        case type_UUID:
            return "uuid";
        case type_Mixed:
            return "mixed";
        case type_Link:
            return "link";
        case type_TypedLink:
            return "typedLink";
        default:
            if (type == type_TypeOfValue)
                return "@type";
#if REALM_ENABLE_GEOSPATIAL
            else if (type == type_Geospatial)
                return "geospatial";
#endif
            else if (type == ColumnTypeTraits<null>::id)
                return "null";
    }
    return "unknown";
}

std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& o, Table::Type table_type)
{
    switch (table_type) {
        case Table::Type::TopLevel:
            return o << "TopLevel";
        case Table::Type::Embedded:
            return o << "Embedded";
        case Table::Type::TopLevelAsymmetric:
            return o << "TopLevelAsymmetric";
    }
    return o << "Invalid table type: " << uint8_t(table_type);
}
} // namespace realm

bool LinkChain::add(ColKey ck)
{
    // Link column can be a single Link, LinkList, or BackLink.
    REALM_ASSERT(m_current_table->valid_column(ck));
    ColumnType type = ck.get_type();
    if (type == col_type_Link || type == col_type_BackLink) {
        m_current_table = m_current_table->get_opposite_table(ck);
        m_link_cols.push_back(ck);
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

// -- Table ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Table::Table(Allocator& alloc)
    : m_alloc(alloc)
    , m_top(m_alloc)
    , m_spec(m_alloc)
    , m_clusters(this, m_alloc, top_position_for_cluster_tree)
    , m_index_refs(m_alloc)
    , m_opposite_table(m_alloc)
    , m_opposite_column(m_alloc)
    , m_interner_data(m_alloc)
    , m_repl(&g_dummy_replication)
    , m_own_ref(this, alloc.get_instance_version())
{
    m_spec.set_parent(&m_top, top_position_for_spec);
    m_index_refs.set_parent(&m_top, top_position_for_search_indexes);
    m_opposite_table.set_parent(&m_top, top_position_for_opposite_table);
    m_opposite_column.set_parent(&m_top, top_position_for_opposite_column);
    m_interner_data.set_parent(&m_top, top_position_for_interners);
    ref_type ref = create_empty_table(m_alloc); // Throws
    ArrayParent* parent = nullptr;
    size_t ndx_in_parent = 0;
    init(ref, parent, ndx_in_parent, true, false);
}

Table::Table(Replication* const* repl, Allocator& alloc)
    : m_alloc(alloc)
    , m_top(m_alloc)
    , m_spec(m_alloc)
    , m_clusters(this, m_alloc, top_position_for_cluster_tree)
    , m_index_refs(m_alloc)
    , m_opposite_table(m_alloc)
    , m_opposite_column(m_alloc)
    , m_interner_data(m_alloc)
    , m_repl(repl)
    , m_own_ref(this, alloc.get_instance_version())
{
    m_spec.set_parent(&m_top, top_position_for_spec);
    m_index_refs.set_parent(&m_top, top_position_for_search_indexes);
    m_opposite_table.set_parent(&m_top, top_position_for_opposite_table);
    m_opposite_column.set_parent(&m_top, top_position_for_opposite_column);
    m_opposite_column.set_parent(&m_top, top_position_for_opposite_column);
    m_interner_data.set_parent(&m_top, top_position_for_interners);
    m_cookie = cookie_created;
}

ColKey Table::add_column(DataType type, StringData name, bool nullable, std::optional<CollectionType> collection_type,
                         DataType key_type)
{
    REALM_ASSERT(!is_link_type(ColumnType(type)));
    if (type == type_TypedLink) {
        throw IllegalOperation("TypedLink properties not yet supported");
    }

    ColumnAttrMask attr;
    if (collection_type) {
        switch (*collection_type) {
            case CollectionType::List:
                attr.set(col_attr_List);
                break;
            case CollectionType::Set:
                attr.set(col_attr_Set);
                break;
            case CollectionType::Dictionary:
                attr.set(col_attr_Dictionary);
                break;
        }
    }
    if (nullable || type == type_Mixed)
        attr.set(col_attr_Nullable);
    ColKey col_key = generate_col_key(ColumnType(type), attr);

    Table* invalid_link = nullptr;
    return do_insert_column(col_key, type, name, invalid_link, key_type); // Throws
}

ColKey Table::add_column(Table& target, StringData name, std::optional<CollectionType> collection_type,
                         DataType key_type)
{
    // Both origin and target must be group-level tables, and in the same group.
    Group* origin_group = get_parent_group();
    Group* target_group = target.get_parent_group();
    REALM_ASSERT_RELEASE(origin_group && target_group);
    REALM_ASSERT_RELEASE(origin_group == target_group);
    // Links to an asymmetric table are not allowed.
    if (target.is_asymmetric()) {
        throw IllegalOperation("Ephemeral objects not supported");
    }

    m_has_any_embedded_objects.reset();

    DataType data_type = type_Link;
    ColumnAttrMask attr;
    if (collection_type) {
        switch (*collection_type) {
            case CollectionType::List:
                attr.set(col_attr_List);
                break;
            case CollectionType::Set:
                if (target.is_embedded())
                    throw IllegalOperation("Set of embedded objects not supported");
                attr.set(col_attr_Set);
                break;
            case CollectionType::Dictionary:
                attr.set(col_attr_Dictionary);
                attr.set(col_attr_Nullable);
                break;
        }
    }
    else {
        attr.set(col_attr_Nullable);
    }
    ColKey col_key = generate_col_key(ColumnType(data_type), attr);

    return do_insert_column(col_key, data_type, name, &target, key_type); // Throws
}

void Table::remove_recursive(CascadeState& cascade_state)
{
    Group* group = get_parent_group();
    REALM_ASSERT(group);
    cascade_state.m_group = group;

    do {
        cascade_state.send_notifications();

        for (auto& l : cascade_state.m_to_be_nullified) {
            Obj obj = group->get_table_unchecked(l.origin_table)->try_get_object(l.origin_key);
            REALM_ASSERT_DEBUG(obj);
            if (obj) {
                std::move(obj).nullify_link(l.origin_col_key, l.old_target_link);
            }
        }
        cascade_state.m_to_be_nullified.clear();

        auto to_delete = std::move(cascade_state.m_to_be_deleted);
        for (auto obj : to_delete) {
            auto table = obj.first == m_key ? this : group->get_table_unchecked(obj.first);
            // This might add to the list of objects that should be deleted
            REALM_ASSERT(!obj.second.is_unresolved());
            table->m_clusters.erase(obj.second, cascade_state);
        }
        nullify_links(cascade_state);
    } while (!cascade_state.m_to_be_deleted.empty() || !cascade_state.m_to_be_nullified.empty());
}

void Table::nullify_links(CascadeState& cascade_state)
{
    Group* group = get_parent_group();
    REALM_ASSERT(group);
    for (auto& to_delete : cascade_state.m_to_be_deleted) {
        auto table = to_delete.first == m_key ? this : group->get_table_unchecked(to_delete.first);
        if (!table->is_asymmetric())
            table->m_clusters.nullify_incoming_links(to_delete.second, cascade_state);
    }
}

CollectionType Table::get_collection_type(ColKey col_key) const
{
    if (col_key.is_list()) {
        return CollectionType::List;
    }
    if (col_key.is_set()) {
        return CollectionType::Set;
    }
    REALM_ASSERT(col_key.is_dictionary());
    return CollectionType::Dictionary;
}

void Table::remove_columns()
{
    for (size_t i = get_column_count(); i > 0; --i) {
        ColKey col_key = spec_ndx2colkey(i - 1);
        remove_column(col_key);
    }
}

void Table::remove_column(ColKey col_key)
{
    check_column(col_key);

    if (Replication* repl = get_repl())
        repl->erase_column(this, col_key); // Throws

    if (col_key == m_primary_key_col) {
        do_set_primary_key_column(ColKey());
    }
    else {
        REALM_ASSERT_RELEASE(m_primary_key_col.get_index().val != col_key.get_index().val);
    }

    erase_root_column(col_key); // Throws
    m_has_any_embedded_objects.reset();
}


void Table::rename_column(ColKey col_key, StringData name)
{
    check_column(col_key);

    auto col_ndx = colkey2spec_ndx(col_key);
    m_spec.rename_column(col_ndx, name); // Throws

    bump_content_version();
    bump_storage_version();

    if (Replication* repl = get_repl())
        repl->rename_column(this, col_key, name); // Throws
}


TableKey Table::get_key_direct(Allocator& alloc, ref_type top_ref)
{
    // well, not quite "direct", more like "almost direct":
    Array table_top(alloc);
    table_top.init_from_ref(top_ref);
    if (table_top.size() > 3) {
        RefOrTagged rot = table_top.get_as_ref_or_tagged(top_position_for_key);
        return TableKey(int32_t(rot.get_as_int()));
    }
    else {
        return TableKey();
    }
}


void Table::init(ref_type top_ref, ArrayParent* parent, size_t ndx_in_parent, bool is_writable, bool is_frzn)
{
    REALM_ASSERT(!(is_writable && is_frzn));
    m_is_frozen = is_frzn;
    m_alloc.set_read_only(!is_writable);
    // Load from allocated memory
    m_top.set_parent(parent, ndx_in_parent);
    m_top.init_from_ref(top_ref);

    m_spec.init_from_parent();

    while (m_top.size() <= top_position_for_pk_col) {
        m_top.add(0);
    }

    if (m_top.get_as_ref(top_position_for_cluster_tree) == 0) {
        // This is an upgrade - create cluster
        MemRef mem = Cluster::create_empty_cluster(m_top.get_alloc()); // Throws
        m_top.set_as_ref(top_position_for_cluster_tree, mem.get_ref());
    }
    m_clusters.init_from_parent();

    RefOrTagged rot = m_top.get_as_ref_or_tagged(top_position_for_key);
    if (!rot.is_tagged()) {
        // Create table key
        rot = RefOrTagged::make_tagged(ndx_in_parent);
        m_top.set(top_position_for_key, rot);
    }
    m_key = TableKey(int32_t(rot.get_as_int()));

    // index setup relies on column mapping being up to date:
    build_column_mapping();
    if (m_top.get_as_ref(top_position_for_search_indexes) == 0) {
        // This is an upgrade - create the necessary arrays
        bool context_flag = false;
        size_t nb_columns = m_spec.get_column_count();
        MemRef mem = Array::create_array(Array::type_HasRefs, context_flag, nb_columns, 0, m_top.get_alloc());
        m_index_refs.init_from_mem(mem);
        m_index_refs.update_parent();
        mem = Array::create_array(Array::type_Normal, context_flag, nb_columns, TableKey().value, m_top.get_alloc());
        m_opposite_table.init_from_mem(mem);
        m_opposite_table.update_parent();
        mem = Array::create_array(Array::type_Normal, context_flag, nb_columns, ColKey().value, m_top.get_alloc());
        m_opposite_column.init_from_mem(mem);
        m_opposite_column.update_parent();
    }
    else {
        m_opposite_table.init_from_parent();
        m_opposite_column.init_from_parent();
        m_index_refs.init_from_parent();
        m_index_accessors.resize(m_index_refs.size());
    }
    if (!m_top.get_as_ref_or_tagged(top_position_for_column_key).is_tagged()) {
        m_top.set(top_position_for_column_key, RefOrTagged::make_tagged(0));
    }
    auto rot_version = m_top.get_as_ref_or_tagged(top_position_for_version);
    if (!rot_version.is_tagged()) {
        m_top.set(top_position_for_version, RefOrTagged::make_tagged(0));
        m_in_file_version_at_transaction_boundary = 0;
    }
    else
        m_in_file_version_at_transaction_boundary = rot_version.get_as_int();

    auto rot_pk_key = m_top.get_as_ref_or_tagged(top_position_for_pk_col);
    m_primary_key_col = rot_pk_key.is_tagged() ? ColKey(rot_pk_key.get_as_int()) : ColKey();

    if (m_top.size() <= top_position_for_flags) {
        m_table_type = Type::TopLevel;
    }
    else {
        uint64_t flags = m_top.get_as_ref_or_tagged(top_position_for_flags).get_as_int();
        m_table_type = Type(flags & table_type_mask);
    }
    m_has_any_embedded_objects.reset();

    if (m_top.size() > top_position_for_tombstones && m_top.get_as_ref(top_position_for_tombstones)) {
        // Tombstones exists
        if (!m_tombstones) {
            m_tombstones = std::make_unique<ClusterTree>(this, m_alloc, size_t(top_position_for_tombstones));
        }
        m_tombstones->init_from_parent();
    }
    else {
        m_tombstones = nullptr;
    }
    if (m_top.size() > top_position_for_interners && m_top.get_as_ref(top_position_for_interners)) {
        // Interner data exist
        m_interner_data.init_from_parent();
    }
    else {
        REALM_ASSERT_DEBUG(!m_interner_data.is_attached());
    }
    refresh_string_interners(is_writable);
    m_cookie = cookie_initialized;
}


ColKey Table::do_insert_column(ColKey col_key, DataType type, StringData name, Table* target_table, DataType key_type)
{
    col_key = do_insert_root_column(col_key, ColumnType(type), name, key_type); // Throws

    // When the inserted column is a link-type column, we must also add a
    // backlink column to the target table.

    if (target_table) {
        auto backlink_col_key = target_table->do_insert_root_column(ColKey{}, col_type_BackLink, ""); // Throws
        target_table->check_column(backlink_col_key);

        set_opposite_column(col_key, target_table->get_key(), backlink_col_key);
        target_table->set_opposite_column(backlink_col_key, get_key(), col_key);
    }

    if (Replication* repl = get_repl())
        repl->insert_column(this, col_key, type, name, target_table); // Throws

    return col_key;
}

template <typename Type>
static void do_bulk_insert_index(Table* table, SearchIndex* index, ColKey col_key, Allocator& alloc)
{
    using LeafType = typename ColumnTypeTraits<Type>::cluster_leaf_type;
    LeafType leaf(alloc);

    auto f = [&col_key, &index, &leaf](const Cluster* cluster) {
        cluster->init_leaf(col_key, &leaf);
        index->insert_bulk(cluster->get_key_array(), cluster->get_offset(), cluster->node_size(), leaf);
        return IteratorControl::AdvanceToNext;
    };

    table->traverse_clusters(f);
}


static void do_bulk_insert_index_list(Table* table, SearchIndex* index, ColKey col_key, Allocator& alloc)
{
    ArrayInteger leaf(alloc);

    auto f = [&col_key, &index, &leaf](const Cluster* cluster) {
        cluster->init_leaf(col_key, &leaf);
        index->insert_bulk_list(cluster->get_key_array(), cluster->get_offset(), cluster->node_size(), leaf);
        return IteratorControl::AdvanceToNext;
    };

    table->traverse_clusters(f);
}

void Table::populate_search_index(ColKey col_key)
{
    auto col_ndx = col_key.get_index().val;
    SearchIndex* index = m_index_accessors[col_ndx].get();
    DataType type = get_column_type(col_key);

    if (type == type_Int) {
        if (is_nullable(col_key)) {
            do_bulk_insert_index<Optional<int64_t>>(this, index, col_key, get_alloc());
        }
        else {
            do_bulk_insert_index<int64_t>(this, index, col_key, get_alloc());
        }
    }
    else if (type == type_Bool) {
        if (is_nullable(col_key)) {
            do_bulk_insert_index<Optional<bool>>(this, index, col_key, get_alloc());
        }
        else {
            do_bulk_insert_index<bool>(this, index, col_key, get_alloc());
        }
    }
    else if (type == type_String) {
        if (col_key.is_list()) {
            do_bulk_insert_index_list(this, index, col_key, get_alloc());
        }
        else {
            do_bulk_insert_index<StringData>(this, index, col_key, get_alloc());
        }
    }
    else if (type == type_Timestamp) {
        do_bulk_insert_index<Timestamp>(this, index, col_key, get_alloc());
    }
    else if (type == type_ObjectId) {
        if (is_nullable(col_key)) {
            do_bulk_insert_index<Optional<ObjectId>>(this, index, col_key, get_alloc());
        }
        else {
            do_bulk_insert_index<ObjectId>(this, index, col_key, get_alloc());
        }
    }
    else if (type == type_UUID) {
        if (is_nullable(col_key)) {
            do_bulk_insert_index<Optional<UUID>>(this, index, col_key, get_alloc());
        }
        else {
            do_bulk_insert_index<UUID>(this, index, col_key, get_alloc());
        }
    }
    else if (type == type_Mixed) {
        do_bulk_insert_index<Mixed>(this, index, col_key, get_alloc());
    }
    else {
        REALM_ASSERT_RELEASE(false && "Data type does not support search index");
    }
}

void Table::erase_from_search_indexes(ObjKey key)
{
    // Tombstones do not use index - will crash if we try to erase values
    if (!key.is_unresolved()) {
        for (auto&& index : m_index_accessors) {
            if (index) {
                index->erase(key);
            }
        }
    }
}

void Table::update_indexes(ObjKey key, const FieldValues& values)
{
    // Tombstones do not use index - will crash if we try to insert values
    if (key.is_unresolved()) {
        return;
    }

    auto sz = m_index_accessors.size();
    // values are sorted by column index - there may be values missing
    auto value = values.begin();
    for (size_t column_ndx = 0; column_ndx < sz; column_ndx++) {
        // Check if initial value is provided
        Mixed init_value;
        if (value != values.end() && value->col_key.get_index().val == column_ndx) {
            // Value for this column is provided
            init_value = value->value;
            ++value;
        }

        if (auto&& index = m_index_accessors[column_ndx]) {
            // There is an index for this column
            auto col_key = m_leaf_ndx2colkey[column_ndx];
            if (col_key.is_collection())
                continue;
            auto type = col_key.get_type();
            auto attr = col_key.get_attrs();
            bool nullable = attr.test(col_attr_Nullable);
            switch (type) {
                case col_type_Int:
                    if (init_value.is_null()) {
                        index->insert(key, ArrayIntNull::default_value(nullable));
                    }
                    else {
                        index->insert(key, init_value.get<int64_t>());
                    }
                    break;
                case col_type_Bool:
                    if (init_value.is_null()) {
                        index->insert(key, ArrayBoolNull::default_value(nullable));
                    }
                    else {
                        index->insert(key, init_value.get<bool>());
                    }
                    break;
                case col_type_String:
                    if (init_value.is_null()) {
                        index->insert(key, ArrayString::default_value(nullable));
                    }
                    else {
                        index->insert(key, init_value.get<String>());
                    }
                    break;
                case col_type_Timestamp:
                    if (init_value.is_null()) {
                        index->insert(key, ArrayTimestamp::default_value(nullable));
                    }
                    else {
                        index->insert(key, init_value.get<Timestamp>());
                    }
                    break;
                case col_type_ObjectId:
                    if (init_value.is_null()) {
                        index->insert(key, ArrayObjectIdNull::default_value(nullable));
                    }
                    else {
                        index->insert(key, init_value.get<ObjectId>());
                    }
                    break;
                case col_type_Mixed:
                    index->insert(key, init_value);
                    break;
                case col_type_UUID:
                    if (init_value.is_null()) {
                        index->insert(key, ArrayUUIDNull::default_value(nullable));
                    }
                    else {
                        index->insert(key, init_value.get<UUID>());
                    }
                    break;
                default:
                    REALM_UNREACHABLE();
            }
        }
    }
}

void Table::clear_indexes()
{
    for (auto&& index : m_index_accessors) {
        if (index) {
            index->clear();
        }
    }
}

void Table::do_add_search_index(ColKey col_key, IndexType type)
{
    size_t column_ndx = col_key.get_index().val;

    // Early-out if already indexed
    if (m_index_accessors[column_ndx] != nullptr)
        return;

    if (!StringIndex::type_supported(DataType(col_key.get_type())) ||
        (col_key.is_collection() && !(col_key.is_list() && col_key.get_type() == col_type_String)) ||
        (type == IndexType::Fulltext && col_key.get_type() != col_type_String)) {
        // Not ideal, but this is what we used to throw, so keep throwing that for compatibility reasons, even though
        // it should probably be a type mismatch exception instead.
        throw IllegalOperation(util::format("Index not supported for this property: %1", get_column_name(col_key)));
    }

    // m_index_accessors always has the same number of pointers as the number of columns. Columns without search
    // index have 0-entries.
    REALM_ASSERT(m_index_accessors.size() == m_leaf_ndx2colkey.size());
    REALM_ASSERT(m_index_accessors[column_ndx] == nullptr);

    // Create the index
    m_index_accessors[column_ndx] =
        std::make_unique<StringIndex>(ClusterColumn(&m_clusters, col_key, type), get_alloc()); // Throws
    SearchIndex* index = m_index_accessors[column_ndx].get();
    // Insert ref to index
    index->set_parent(&m_index_refs, column_ndx);

    m_index_refs.set(column_ndx, index->get_ref()); // Throws

    populate_search_index(col_key);
}

void Table::add_search_index(ColKey col_key, IndexType type)
{
    check_column(col_key);

    // Check spec
    auto spec_ndx = leaf_ndx2spec_ndx(col_key.get_index());
    auto attr = m_spec.get_column_attr(spec_ndx);

    if (col_key == m_primary_key_col && type == IndexType::Fulltext)
        throw InvalidColumnKey("primary key cannot have a full text index");

    switch (type) {
        case IndexType::None:
            remove_search_index(col_key);
            return;
        case IndexType::Fulltext:
            // Early-out if already indexed
            if (attr.test(col_attr_FullText_Indexed)) {
                REALM_ASSERT(search_index_type(col_key) == IndexType::Fulltext);
                return;
            }
            if (attr.test(col_attr_Indexed)) {
                this->remove_search_index(col_key);
            }
            break;
        case IndexType::General:
            if (attr.test(col_attr_Indexed)) {
                REALM_ASSERT(search_index_type(col_key) == IndexType::General);
                return;
            }
            if (attr.test(col_attr_FullText_Indexed)) {
                this->remove_search_index(col_key);
            }
            break;
    }

    do_add_search_index(col_key, type);

    // Update spec
    attr.set(type == IndexType::Fulltext ? col_attr_FullText_Indexed : col_attr_Indexed);
    m_spec.set_column_attr(spec_ndx, attr); // Throws
}

void Table::remove_search_index(ColKey col_key)
{
    check_column(col_key);
    auto column_ndx = col_key.get_index();

    // Early-out if non-indexed
    if (m_index_accessors[column_ndx.val] == nullptr)
        return;

    // Destroy and remove the index column
    auto& index = m_index_accessors[column_ndx.val];
    REALM_ASSERT(index != nullptr);
    index->destroy();
    index.reset();

    m_index_refs.set(column_ndx.val, 0);

    // update spec
    auto spec_ndx = leaf_ndx2spec_ndx(column_ndx);
    auto attr = m_spec.get_column_attr(spec_ndx);
    attr.reset(col_attr_Indexed);
    attr.reset(col_attr_FullText_Indexed);
    m_spec.set_column_attr(spec_ndx, attr); // Throws
}

void Table::enumerate_string_column(ColKey col_key)
{
    check_column(col_key);
    size_t column_ndx = colkey2spec_ndx(col_key);
    ColumnType type = col_key.get_type();
    if (type == col_type_String && !col_key.is_collection() && !m_spec.is_string_enum_type(column_ndx)) {
        m_clusters.enumerate_string_column(col_key);
    }
}

bool Table::is_enumerated(ColKey col_key) const noexcept
{
    size_t col_ndx = colkey2spec_ndx(col_key);
    return m_spec.is_string_enum_type(col_ndx);
}

size_t Table::get_num_unique_values(ColKey col_key) const
{
    if (!is_enumerated(col_key))
        return 0;

    ArrayParent* parent;
    ref_type ref = const_cast<Spec&>(m_spec).get_enumkeys_ref(colkey2spec_ndx(col_key), parent);
    BPlusTree<StringData> col(get_alloc());
    col.init_from_ref(ref);

    return col.size();
}


void Table::erase_root_column(ColKey col_key)
{
    ColumnType col_type = col_key.get_type();
    if (is_link_type(col_type)) {
        auto target_table = get_opposite_table(col_key);
        auto target_column = get_opposite_column(col_key);
        target_table->do_erase_root_column(target_column);
    }
    do_erase_root_column(col_key); // Throws
}


ColKey Table::do_insert_root_column(ColKey col_key, ColumnType type, StringData name, DataType key_type)
{
    // if col_key specifies a key, it must be unused
    REALM_ASSERT(!col_key || !valid_column(col_key));

    // locate insertion point: ordinary columns must come before backlink columns
    size_t spec_ndx = (type == col_type_BackLink) ? m_spec.get_column_count() : m_spec.get_public_column_count();

    if (!col_key) {
        col_key = generate_col_key(type, {});
    }

    m_spec.insert_column(spec_ndx, col_key, type, name, col_key.get_attrs().m_value); // Throws
    if (col_key.is_dictionary()) {
        m_spec.set_dictionary_key_type(spec_ndx, key_type);
    }
    auto col_ndx = col_key.get_index().val;
    build_column_mapping();
    REALM_ASSERT(col_ndx <= m_index_refs.size());
    if (col_ndx == m_index_refs.size()) {
        m_index_refs.insert(col_ndx, 0);
    }
    else {
        m_index_refs.set(col_ndx, 0);
    }
    REALM_ASSERT(col_ndx <= m_opposite_table.size());
    if (col_ndx == m_opposite_table.size()) {
        // m_opposite_table and m_opposite_column are always resized together!
        m_opposite_table.insert(col_ndx, TableKey().value);
        m_opposite_column.insert(col_ndx, ColKey().value);
    }
    else {
        m_opposite_table.set(col_ndx, TableKey().value);
        m_opposite_column.set(col_ndx, ColKey().value);
    }
    refresh_index_accessors();
    m_clusters.insert_column(col_key);
    if (m_tombstones) {
        m_tombstones->insert_column(col_key);
    }
    if (needs_string_interner(col_key)) {
        // create string interners internal rep as well as data area
        REALM_ASSERT_DEBUG(m_interner_data.is_attached());
        while (col_ndx >= m_string_interners.size()) {
            m_string_interners.push_back({});
        }
        while (col_ndx >= m_interner_data.size()) {
            m_interner_data.add(0);
        }
        REALM_ASSERT(!m_string_interners[col_ndx]);
        m_string_interners[col_ndx] = std::make_unique<StringInterner>(m_alloc, m_interner_data, col_key, true);
    }
    bump_storage_version();

    return col_key;
}


void Table::do_erase_root_column(ColKey col_key)
{
    size_t col_ndx = col_key.get_index().val;
    // If the column had a source index we have to remove and destroy that as well
    ref_type index_ref = m_index_refs.get_as_ref(col_ndx);
    if (index_ref) {
        Array::destroy_deep(index_ref, m_index_refs.get_alloc());
        m_index_refs.set(col_ndx, 0);
        m_index_accessors[col_ndx].reset();
    }
    m_opposite_table.set(col_ndx, TableKey().value);
    m_opposite_column.set(col_ndx, ColKey().value);
    m_index_accessors[col_ndx] = nullptr;
    m_clusters.remove_column(col_key);
    if (m_tombstones)
        m_tombstones->remove_column(col_key);
    size_t spec_ndx = colkey2spec_ndx(col_key);
    m_spec.erase_column(spec_ndx);
    m_top.adjust(top_position_for_column_key, 2);

    build_column_mapping();
    while (m_index_accessors.size() > m_leaf_ndx2colkey.size()) {
        REALM_ASSERT(m_index_accessors.back() == nullptr);
        m_index_accessors.pop_back();
    }
    if (col_ndx < m_string_interners.size() && m_string_interners[col_ndx]) {
        REALM_ASSERT_DEBUG(m_interner_data.is_attached());
        REALM_ASSERT_DEBUG(col_ndx < m_interner_data.size());
        auto data_ref = m_interner_data.get_as_ref(col_ndx);
        if (data_ref)
            Array::destroy_deep(data_ref, m_alloc);
        m_interner_data.set(col_ndx, 0);
        m_string_interners[col_ndx].reset();
    }
    bump_content_version();
    bump_storage_version();
}

Query Table::where(const Dictionary& dict) const
{
    return Query(m_own_ref, dict.clone_as_obj_list());
}

void Table::set_table_type(Type table_type, bool handle_backlinks)
{
    if (table_type == m_table_type) {
        return;
    }

    if (m_table_type == Type::TopLevelAsymmetric || table_type == Type::TopLevelAsymmetric) {
        throw LogicError(ErrorCodes::MigrationFailed, util::format("Cannot change '%1' from %2 to %3",
                                                                   get_class_name(), m_table_type, table_type));
    }

    REALM_ASSERT_EX(table_type == Type::TopLevel || table_type == Type::Embedded, table_type);
    set_embedded(table_type == Type::Embedded, handle_backlinks);
}

void Table::set_embedded(bool embedded, bool handle_backlinks)
{
    if (embedded == false) {
        do_set_table_type(Type::TopLevel);
        return;
    }

    // Embedded objects cannot have a primary key.
    if (get_primary_key_column()) {
        throw IllegalOperation(
            util::format("Cannot change '%1' to embedded when using a primary key.", get_class_name()));
    }

    if (size() == 0) {
        do_set_table_type(Type::Embedded);
        return;
    }

    // Check all of the objects for invalid incoming links. Each embedded object
    // must have exactly one incoming link, and it must be from a non-Mixed property.
    // Objects with no incoming links are either deleted or an error (depending
    // on `handle_backlinks`), and objects with multiple incoming links are either
    // cloned for each of the incoming links or an error (again depending on `handle_backlinks`).
    // Incoming links from a Mixed property are always an error, as those can't
    // link to embedded objects
    ArrayInteger leaf(get_alloc());
    enum class LinkCount : int8_t { None, One, Multiple };
    std::vector<LinkCount> incoming_link_count;
    std::vector<ObjKey> orphans;
    std::vector<ObjKey> multiple_incoming_links;
    traverse_clusters([&](const Cluster* cluster) {
        size_t size = cluster->node_size();
        incoming_link_count.assign(size, LinkCount::None);

        for_each_backlink_column([&](ColKey col) {
            cluster->init_leaf(col, &leaf);
            // Width zero means all the values are zero and there can't be any backlinks
            if (leaf.get_width() == 0) {
                return IteratorControl::AdvanceToNext;
            }

            for (size_t i = 0, size = leaf.size(); i < size; ++i) {
                auto value = leaf.get_as_ref_or_tagged(i);
                if (value.is_ref() && value.get_as_ref() == 0) {
                    // ref of zero means there's no backlinks
                    continue;
                }

                if (value.is_ref()) {
                    // Any other ref indicates an array of backlinks, which will
                    // always have more than one entry
                    incoming_link_count[i] = LinkCount::Multiple;
                }
                else {
                    // Otherwise it's a tagged ref to the single linking object
                    if (incoming_link_count[i] == LinkCount::None) {
                        incoming_link_count[i] = LinkCount::One;
                    }
                    else if (incoming_link_count[i] == LinkCount::One) {
                        incoming_link_count[i] = LinkCount::Multiple;
                    }
                }

                auto source_col = get_opposite_column(col);
                if (source_col.get_type() == col_type_Mixed) {
                    auto source_table = get_opposite_table(col);
                    throw IllegalOperation(util::format(
                        "Cannot convert '%1' to embedded: there is an incoming link from the Mixed property '%2.%3', "
                        "which does not support linking to embedded objects.",
                        get_class_name(), source_table->get_class_name(), source_table->get_column_name(source_col)));
                }
            }
            return IteratorControl::AdvanceToNext;
        });

        for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
            if (incoming_link_count[i] == LinkCount::None) {
                if (!handle_backlinks) {
                    throw IllegalOperation(util::format("Cannot convert '%1' to embedded: at least one object has no "
                                                        "incoming links and would be deleted.",
                                                        get_class_name()));
                }
                orphans.push_back(cluster->get_real_key(i));
            }
            else if (incoming_link_count[i] == LinkCount::Multiple) {
                if (!handle_backlinks) {
                    throw IllegalOperation(util::format(
                        "Cannot convert '%1' to embedded: at least one object has more than one incoming link.",
                        get_class_name()));
                }
                multiple_incoming_links.push_back(cluster->get_real_key(i));
            }
        }

        return IteratorControl::AdvanceToNext;
    });

    // orphans and multiple_incoming_links will always be empty if `handle_backlinks = false`
    for (auto key : orphans) {
        remove_object(key);
    }
    for (auto key : multiple_incoming_links) {
        auto obj = get_object(key);
        obj.handle_multiple_backlinks_during_schema_migration();
        obj.remove();
    }

    do_set_table_type(Type::Embedded);
}

void Table::do_set_table_type(Type table_type)
{
    while (m_top.size() <= top_position_for_flags)
        m_top.add(0);

    uint64_t flags = m_top.get_as_ref_or_tagged(top_position_for_flags).get_as_int();
    // reset bits 0-1
    flags &= ~table_type_mask;
    // set table type
    flags |= static_cast<uint8_t>(table_type);
    m_top.set(top_position_for_flags, RefOrTagged::make_tagged(flags));
    m_table_type = table_type;
}


void Table::detach(LifeCycleCookie cookie) noexcept
{
    m_cookie = cookie;
    m_alloc.bump_instance_version();
    // release string interners
    m_string_interners.clear();
    m_interner_data.detach();
}

void Table::fully_detach() noexcept
{
    m_spec.detach();
    m_top.detach();
    m_index_refs.detach();
    m_opposite_table.detach();
    m_opposite_column.detach();
    m_index_accessors.clear();
    m_string_interners.clear();
}


Table::~Table() noexcept
{
    if (m_top.is_attached()) {
        // If destroyed as a standalone table, destroy all memory allocated
        if (m_top.get_parent() == nullptr) {
            m_top.destroy_deep();
        }
        fully_detach();
    }
    else {
        REALM_ASSERT(m_index_accessors.size() == 0);
    }
    m_cookie = cookie_deleted;
}


IndexType Table::search_index_type(ColKey col_key) const noexcept
{
    if (m_index_accessors[col_key.get_index().val].get()) {
        auto attr = m_spec.get_column_attr(m_leaf_ndx2spec_ndx[col_key.get_index().val]);
        bool fulltext = attr.test(col_attr_FullText_Indexed);
        return fulltext ? IndexType::Fulltext : IndexType::General;
    }
    return IndexType::None;
}


void Table::migrate_sets_and_dictionaries()
{
    std::vector<ColKey> to_migrate;
    for (auto col : get_column_keys()) {
        if (col.is_dictionary() || (col.is_set() && col.get_type() == col_type_Mixed)) {
            to_migrate.push_back(col);
        }
    }
    if (to_migrate.size()) {
        for (auto obj : *this) {
            for (auto col : to_migrate) {
                if (col.is_set()) {
                    auto set = obj.get_set<Mixed>(col);
                    set.migrate();
                }
                else if (col.is_dictionary()) {
                    auto dict = obj.get_dictionary(col);
                    dict.migrate();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

void Table::migrate_set_orderings()
{
    std::vector<ColKey> to_migrate;
    for (auto col : get_column_keys()) {
        if (col.is_set() && (col.get_type() == col_type_Mixed || col.get_type() == col_type_String ||
                             col.get_type() == col_type_Binary)) {
            to_migrate.push_back(col);
        }
    }
    if (to_migrate.size()) {
        for (auto obj : *this) {
            for (auto col : to_migrate) {
                if (col.get_type() == col_type_Mixed) {
                    auto set = obj.get_set<Mixed>(col);
                    set.migration_resort();
                }
                else if (col.get_type() == col_type_Binary) {
                    auto set = obj.get_set<BinaryData>(col);
                    set.migration_resort();
                }
                else {
                    REALM_ASSERT_3(col.get_type(), ==, col_type_String);
                    auto set = obj.get_set<String>(col);
                    set.migration_resort();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

void Table::migrate_col_keys()
{
    if (m_spec.migrate_column_keys()) {
        build_column_mapping();
    }

    // Fix also m_opposite_column col_keys
    ColumnType col_type_LinkList(13);
    auto sz = m_opposite_column.size();

    for (size_t n = 0; n < sz; n++) {
        ColKey col_key(m_opposite_column.get(n));
        if (col_key.get_type() == col_type_LinkList) {
            auto attrs = col_key.get_attrs();
            REALM_ASSERT(attrs.test(col_attr_List));
            ColKey new_key(col_key.get_index(), col_type_Link, attrs, col_key.get_tag());
            m_opposite_column.set(n, new_key.value);
        }
    }
}

StringData Table::get_name() const noexcept
{
    const Array& real_top = m_top;
    ArrayParent* parent = real_top.get_parent();
    if (!parent)
        return StringData("");
    REALM_ASSERT(dynamic_cast<Group*>(parent));
    return static_cast<Group*>(parent)->get_table_name(get_key());
}

StringData Table::get_class_name() const noexcept
{
    return Group::table_name_to_class_name(get_name());
}

const char* Table::get_state() const noexcept
{
    switch (m_cookie) {
        case cookie_created:
            return "created";
        case cookie_transaction_ended:
            return "transaction_ended";
        case cookie_initialized:
            return "initialised";
        case cookie_removed:
            return "removed";
        case cookie_void:
            return "void";
        case cookie_deleted:
            return "deleted";
    }
    return "";
}


bool Table::is_nullable(ColKey col_key) const
{
    REALM_ASSERT_DEBUG(valid_column(col_key));
    return col_key.get_attrs().test(col_attr_Nullable);
}

bool Table::is_list(ColKey col_key) const
{
    REALM_ASSERT_DEBUG(valid_column(col_key));
    return col_key.get_attrs().test(col_attr_List);
}


ref_type Table::create_empty_table(Allocator& alloc, TableKey key)
{
    Array top(alloc);
    _impl::DeepArrayDestroyGuard dg(&top);
    top.create(Array::type_HasRefs); // Throws
    _impl::DeepArrayRefDestroyGuard dg_2(alloc);

    {
        MemRef mem = Spec::create_empty_spec(alloc); // Throws
        dg_2.reset(mem.get_ref());
        int_fast64_t v(from_ref(mem.get_ref()));
        top.add(v); // Throws
        dg_2.release();
    }
    top.add(0); // Old position for columns
    {
        MemRef mem = Cluster::create_empty_cluster(alloc); // Throws
        dg_2.reset(mem.get_ref());
        int_fast64_t v(from_ref(mem.get_ref()));
        top.add(v); // Throws
        dg_2.release();
    }

    // Table key value
    RefOrTagged rot = RefOrTagged::make_tagged(key.value);
    top.add(rot);

    // Search indexes
    {
        bool context_flag = false;
        MemRef mem = Array::create_empty_array(Array::type_HasRefs, context_flag, alloc); // Throws
        dg_2.reset(mem.get_ref());
        int_fast64_t v(from_ref(mem.get_ref()));
        top.add(v); // Throws
        dg_2.release();
    }
    rot = RefOrTagged::make_tagged(0);
    top.add(rot); // Column key
    top.add(rot); // Version
    dg.release();
    // Opposite keys (table and column)
    {
        bool context_flag = false;
        {
            MemRef mem = Array::create_empty_array(Array::type_Normal, context_flag, alloc); // Throws
            dg_2.reset(mem.get_ref());
            int_fast64_t v(from_ref(mem.get_ref()));
            top.add(v); // Throws
            dg_2.release();
        }
        {
            MemRef mem = Array::create_empty_array(Array::type_Normal, context_flag, alloc); // Throws
            dg_2.reset(mem.get_ref());
            int_fast64_t v(from_ref(mem.get_ref()));
            top.add(v); // Throws
            dg_2.release();
        }
    }
    top.add(0); // Sequence number
    top.add(0); // Collision_map
    top.add(0); // pk col key
    top.add(0); // flags
    top.add(0); // tombstones
    top.add(0); // string interners

    REALM_ASSERT(top.size() == top_array_size);

    return top.get_ref();
}

void Table::ensure_graveyard()
{
    if (!m_tombstones) {
        while (m_top.size() < top_position_for_tombstones)
            m_top.add(0);
        REALM_ASSERT(!m_top.get(top_position_for_tombstones));
        MemRef mem = Cluster::create_empty_cluster(m_alloc);
        m_top.set_as_ref(top_position_for_tombstones, mem.get_ref());
        m_tombstones = std::make_unique<ClusterTree>(this, m_alloc, size_t(top_position_for_tombstones));
        m_tombstones->init_from_parent();
        for_each_and_every_column([ts = m_tombstones.get()](ColKey col) {
            ts->insert_column(col);
            return IteratorControl::AdvanceToNext;
        });
    }
}

void Table::batch_erase_rows(const KeyColumn& keys)
{
    size_t num_objs = keys.size();
    std::vector<ObjKey> vec;
    vec.reserve(num_objs);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < num_objs; ++i) {
        ObjKey key = keys.get(i);
        if (key != null_key && is_valid(key)) {
            vec.push_back(key);
        }
    }

    sort(vec.begin(), vec.end());
    vec.erase(unique(vec.begin(), vec.end()), vec.end());

    batch_erase_objects(vec);
}

void Table::batch_erase_objects(std::vector<ObjKey>& keys)
{
    Group* g = get_parent_group();
    bool maybe_has_incoming_links = g && !is_asymmetric();

    if (has_any_embedded_objects() || (g && g->has_cascade_notification_handler())) {
        CascadeState state(CascadeState::Mode::Strong, g);
        std::for_each(keys.begin(), keys.end(), [this, &state](ObjKey k) {
            state.m_to_be_deleted.emplace_back(m_key, k);
        });
        if (maybe_has_incoming_links)
            nullify_links(state);
        remove_recursive(state);
    }
    else {
        CascadeState state(CascadeState::Mode::None, g);
        for (auto k : keys) {
            if (maybe_has_incoming_links) {
                m_clusters.nullify_incoming_links(k, state);
            }
            m_clusters.erase(k, state);
        }
    }
    keys.clear();
}

void Table::clear()
{
    CascadeState state(CascadeState::Mode::Strong, get_parent_group());
    m_clusters.clear(state);
    free_collision_table();
}


Group* Table::get_parent_group() const noexcept
{
    if (!m_top.is_attached())
        return 0;                             // Subtable with shared descriptor
    ArrayParent* parent = m_top.get_parent(); // ArrayParent guaranteed to be Table::Parent
    if (!parent)
        return 0; // Free-standing table

    return static_cast<Group*>(parent);
}

inline uint64_t Table::get_sync_file_id() const noexcept
{
    Group* g = get_parent_group();
    return g ? g->get_sync_file_id() : 0;
}

size_t Table::get_index_in_group() const noexcept
{
    if (!m_top.is_attached())
        return realm::npos;                   // Subtable with shared descriptor
    ArrayParent* parent = m_top.get_parent(); // ArrayParent guaranteed to be Table::Parent
    if (!parent)
        return realm::npos; // Free-standing table
    return m_top.get_ndx_in_parent();
}

uint64_t Table::allocate_sequence_number()
{
    RefOrTagged rot = m_top.get_as_ref_or_tagged(top_position_for_sequence_number);
    uint64_t sn = rot.is_tagged() ? rot.get_as_int() : 0;
    rot = RefOrTagged::make_tagged(sn + 1);
    m_top.set(top_position_for_sequence_number, rot);

    return sn;
}

void Table::set_col_key_sequence_number(uint64_t seq)
{
    m_top.set(top_position_for_column_key, RefOrTagged::make_tagged(seq));
}

TableRef Table::get_link_target(ColKey col_key) noexcept
{
    return get_opposite_table(col_key);
}

// count ----------------------------------------------

size_t Table::count_int(ColKey col_key, int64_t value) const
{
    if (auto index = this->get_search_index(col_key)) {
        return index->count(value);
    }

    return where().equal(col_key, value).count();
}
size_t Table::count_float(ColKey col_key, float value) const
{
    return where().equal(col_key, value).count();
}
size_t Table::count_double(ColKey col_key, double value) const
{
    return where().equal(col_key, value).count();
}
size_t Table::count_decimal(ColKey col_key, Decimal128 value) const
{
    ArrayDecimal128 leaf(get_alloc());
    size_t cnt = 0;
    bool null_value = value.is_null();
    auto f = [value, &leaf, col_key, null_value, &cnt](const Cluster* cluster) {
        // direct aggregate on the leaf
        cluster->init_leaf(col_key, &leaf);
        auto sz = leaf.size();
        for (size_t i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
            if ((null_value && leaf.is_null(i)) || (leaf.get(i) == value)) {
                cnt++;
            }
        }
        return IteratorControl::AdvanceToNext;
    };

    traverse_clusters(f);

    return cnt;
}
size_t Table::count_string(ColKey col_key, StringData value) const
{
    if (auto index = this->get_search_index(col_key)) {
        return index->count(value);
    }
    return where().equal(col_key, value).count();
}

template <typename T>
void Table::aggregate(QueryStateBase& st, ColKey column_key) const
{
    using LeafType = typename ColumnTypeTraits<T>::cluster_leaf_type;
    LeafType leaf(get_alloc());

    auto f = [&leaf, column_key, &st](const Cluster* cluster) {
        // direct aggregate on the leaf
        cluster->init_leaf(column_key, &leaf);
        st.m_key_offset = cluster->get_offset();
        st.m_key_values = cluster->get_key_array();
        st.set_payload_column(&leaf);
        bool cont = true;
        size_t sz = leaf.size();
        for (size_t local_index = 0; cont && local_index < sz; local_index++) {
            cont = st.match(local_index);
        }
        return IteratorControl::AdvanceToNext;
    };

    traverse_clusters(f);
}

// This template is also used by the query engine
template void Table::aggregate<int64_t>(QueryStateBase&, ColKey) const;
template void Table::aggregate<std::optional<int64_t>>(QueryStateBase&, ColKey) const;
template void Table::aggregate<float>(QueryStateBase&, ColKey) const;
template void Table::aggregate<double>(QueryStateBase&, ColKey) const;
template void Table::aggregate<Decimal128>(QueryStateBase&, ColKey) const;
template void Table::aggregate<Mixed>(QueryStateBase&, ColKey) const;
template void Table::aggregate<Timestamp>(QueryStateBase&, ColKey) const;

std::optional<Mixed> Table::sum(ColKey col_key) const
{
    return AggregateHelper<Table>::sum(*this, *this, col_key);
}

std::optional<Mixed> Table::avg(ColKey col_key, size_t* value_count) const
{
    return AggregateHelper<Table>::avg(*this, *this, col_key, value_count);
}

std::optional<Mixed> Table::min(ColKey col_key, ObjKey* return_ndx) const
{
    return AggregateHelper<Table>::min(*this, *this, col_key, return_ndx);
}

std::optional<Mixed> Table::max(ColKey col_key, ObjKey* return_ndx) const
{
    return AggregateHelper<Table>::max(*this, *this, col_key, return_ndx);
}


SearchIndex* Table::get_search_index(ColKey col) const noexcept
{
    check_column(col);
    return m_index_accessors[col.get_index().val].get();
}

StringIndex* Table::get_string_index(ColKey col) const noexcept
{
    check_column(col);
    return dynamic_cast<StringIndex*>(m_index_accessors[col.get_index().val].get());
}

template <class T>
ObjKey Table::find_first(ColKey col_key, T value) const
{
    check_column(col_key);

    if (!col_key.is_nullable() && value_is_null(value)) {
        return {}; // this is a precaution/optimization
    }
    // You cannot call GetIndexData on ObjKey
    if constexpr (!std::is_same_v<T, ObjKey>) {
        if (SearchIndex* index = get_search_index(col_key)) {
            return index->find_first(value);
        }
        if (col_key == m_primary_key_col) {
            return find_primary_key(value);
        }
    }

    ObjKey key;
    using LeafType = typename ColumnTypeTraits<T>::cluster_leaf_type;
    LeafType leaf(get_alloc());

    auto f = [&key, &col_key, &value, &leaf](const Cluster* cluster) {
        cluster->init_leaf(col_key, &leaf);
        size_t row = leaf.find_first(value, 0, cluster->node_size());
        if (row != realm::npos) {
            key = cluster->get_real_key(row);
            return IteratorControl::Stop;
        }
        return IteratorControl::AdvanceToNext;
    };

    traverse_clusters(f);

    return key;
}

namespace realm {

template <>
ObjKey Table::find_first(ColKey col_key, util::Optional<float> value) const
{
    return value ? find_first(col_key, *value) : find_first_null(col_key);
}

template <>
ObjKey Table::find_first(ColKey col_key, util::Optional<double> value) const
{
    return value ? find_first(col_key, *value) : find_first_null(col_key);
}

template <>
ObjKey Table::find_first(ColKey col_key, null) const
{
    return find_first_null(col_key);
}
} // namespace realm

// Explicitly instantiate the generic case of the template for the types we care about.
template ObjKey Table::find_first(ColKey col_key, bool) const;
template ObjKey Table::find_first(ColKey col_key, int64_t) const;
template ObjKey Table::find_first(ColKey col_key, float) const;
template ObjKey Table::find_first(ColKey col_key, double) const;
template ObjKey Table::find_first(ColKey col_key, Decimal128) const;
template ObjKey Table::find_first(ColKey col_key, ObjectId) const;
template ObjKey Table::find_first(ColKey col_key, ObjKey) const;
template ObjKey Table::find_first(ColKey col_key, util::Optional<bool>) const;
template ObjKey Table::find_first(ColKey col_key, util::Optional<int64_t>) const;
template ObjKey Table::find_first(ColKey col_key, StringData) const;
template ObjKey Table::find_first(ColKey col_key, BinaryData) const;
template ObjKey Table::find_first(ColKey col_key, Mixed) const;
template ObjKey Table::find_first(ColKey col_key, UUID) const;
template ObjKey Table::find_first(ColKey col_key, util::Optional<ObjectId>) const;
template ObjKey Table::find_first(ColKey col_key, util::Optional<UUID>) const;

ObjKey Table::find_first_int(ColKey col_key, int64_t value) const
{
    if (is_nullable(col_key))
        return find_first<util::Optional<int64_t>>(col_key, value);
    else
        return find_first<int64_t>(col_key, value);
}

ObjKey Table::find_first_bool(ColKey col_key, bool value) const
{
    if (is_nullable(col_key))
        return find_first<util::Optional<bool>>(col_key, value);
    else
        return find_first<bool>(col_key, value);
}

ObjKey Table::find_first_timestamp(ColKey col_key, Timestamp value) const
{
    return find_first(col_key, value);
}

ObjKey Table::find_first_object_id(ColKey col_key, ObjectId value) const
{
    return find_first(col_key, value);
}

ObjKey Table::find_first_float(ColKey col_key, float value) const
{
    return find_first<Float>(col_key, value);
}

ObjKey Table::find_first_double(ColKey col_key, double value) const
{
    return find_first<Double>(col_key, value);
}

ObjKey Table::find_first_decimal(ColKey col_key, Decimal128 value) const
{
    return find_first<Decimal128>(col_key, value);
}

ObjKey Table::find_first_string(ColKey col_key, StringData value) const
{
    return find_first<StringData>(col_key, value);
}

ObjKey Table::find_first_binary(ColKey col_key, BinaryData value) const
{
    return find_first<BinaryData>(col_key, value);
}

ObjKey Table::find_first_null(ColKey col_key) const
{
    return where().equal(col_key, null{}).find();
}

ObjKey Table::find_first_uuid(ColKey col_key, UUID value) const
{
    return find_first(col_key, value);
}

template <class T>
TableView Table::find_all(ColKey col_key, T value)
{
    return where().equal(col_key, value).find_all();
}

TableView Table::find_all_int(ColKey col_key, int64_t value)
{
    return find_all<int64_t>(col_key, value);
}

TableView Table::find_all_int(ColKey col_key, int64_t value) const
{
    return const_cast<Table*>(this)->find_all<int64_t>(col_key, value);
}

TableView Table::find_all_bool(ColKey col_key, bool value)
{
    return find_all<bool>(col_key, value);
}

TableView Table::find_all_bool(ColKey col_key, bool value) const
{
    return const_cast<Table*>(this)->find_all<int64_t>(col_key, value);
}


TableView Table::find_all_float(ColKey col_key, float value)
{
    return find_all<float>(col_key, value);
}

TableView Table::find_all_float(ColKey col_key, float value) const
{
    return const_cast<Table*>(this)->find_all<float>(col_key, value);
}

TableView Table::find_all_double(ColKey col_key, double value)
{
    return find_all<double>(col_key, value);
}

TableView Table::find_all_double(ColKey col_key, double value) const
{
    return const_cast<Table*>(this)->find_all<double>(col_key, value);
}

TableView Table::find_all_string(ColKey col_key, StringData value)
{
    return where().equal(col_key, value).find_all();
}

TableView Table::find_all_string(ColKey col_key, StringData value) const
{
    return const_cast<Table*>(this)->find_all_string(col_key, value);
}

TableView Table::find_all_binary(ColKey, BinaryData)
{
    throw Exception(ErrorCodes::IllegalOperation, "Table::find_all_binary not supported");
}

TableView Table::find_all_binary(ColKey col_key, BinaryData value) const
{
    return const_cast<Table*>(this)->find_all_binary(col_key, value);
}

TableView Table::find_all_null(ColKey col_key)
{
    return where().equal(col_key, null{}).find_all();
}

TableView Table::find_all_null(ColKey col_key) const
{
    return const_cast<Table*>(this)->find_all_null(col_key);
}

TableView Table::find_all_fulltext(ColKey col_key, StringData terms) const
{
    return where().fulltext(col_key, terms).find_all();
}

TableView Table::get_sorted_view(ColKey col_key, bool ascending)
{
    TableView tv = where().find_all();
    tv.sort(col_key, ascending);
    return tv;
}

TableView Table::get_sorted_view(ColKey col_key, bool ascending) const
{
    return const_cast<Table*>(this)->get_sorted_view(col_key, ascending);
}

TableView Table::get_sorted_view(SortDescriptor order)
{
    TableView tv = where().find_all();
    tv.sort(std::move(order));
    return tv;
}

TableView Table::get_sorted_view(SortDescriptor order) const
{
    return const_cast<Table*>(this)->get_sorted_view(std::move(order));
}

util::Logger* Table::get_logger() const noexcept
{
    return *m_repl ? (*m_repl)->get_logger() : nullptr;
}

// Called after a commit. Table will effectively contain the same as before,
// but now with new refs from the file
void Table::update_from_parent() noexcept
{
    // There is no top for sub-tables sharing spec
    if (m_top.is_attached()) {
        m_top.update_from_parent();
        m_spec.update_from_parent();
        m_clusters.update_from_parent();
        m_index_refs.update_from_parent();
        for (auto&& index : m_index_accessors) {
            if (index != nullptr) {
                index->update_from_parent();
            }
        }

        m_opposite_table.update_from_parent();
        m_opposite_column.update_from_parent();
        if (m_top.size() > top_position_for_flags) {
            uint64_t flags = m_top.get_as_ref_or_tagged(top_position_for_flags).get_as_int();
            m_table_type = Type(flags & table_type_mask);
        }
        else {
            m_table_type = Type::TopLevel;
        }
        if (m_tombstones)
            m_tombstones->update_from_parent();

        refresh_content_version();
        m_has_any_embedded_objects.reset();
        if (m_top.size() > top_position_for_interners) {
            if (m_top.get_as_ref(top_position_for_interners))
                m_interner_data.update_from_parent();
            else
                m_interner_data.detach();
        }
        refresh_string_interners(false);
    }
    m_alloc.bump_storage_version();
}

void Table::schema_to_json(std::ostream& out) const
{
    out << "{";
    auto name = get_name();
    out << "\"name\":\"" << name << "\"";
    if (this->m_primary_key_col) {
        out << ",";
        out << "\"primaryKey\":\"" << this->get_column_name(m_primary_key_col) << "\"";
    }
    out << ",\"tableType\":\"" << this->get_table_type() << "\"";
    out << ",\"properties\":[";
    auto col_keys = get_column_keys();
    int sz = int(col_keys.size());
    for (int i = 0; i < sz; ++i) {
        auto col_key = col_keys[i];
        name = get_column_name(col_key);
        auto type = col_key.get_type();
        out << "{";
        out << "\"name\":\"" << name << "\"";
        if (this->is_link_type(type)) {
            out << ",\"type\":\"object\"";
            name = this->get_opposite_table(col_key)->get_name();
            out << ",\"objectType\":\"" << name << "\"";
        }
        else {
            out << ",\"type\":\"" << get_data_type_name(DataType(type)) << "\"";
        }
        if (col_key.is_list()) {
            out << ",\"isArray\":true";
        }
        else if (col_key.is_set()) {
            out << ",\"isSet\":true";
        }
        else if (col_key.is_dictionary()) {
            out << ",\"isMap\":true";
            auto key_type = get_dictionary_key_type(col_key);
            out << ",\"keyType\":\"" << get_data_type_name(key_type) << "\"";
        }
        if (col_key.is_nullable()) {
            out << ",\"isOptional\":true";
        }
        auto index_type = search_index_type(col_key);
        if (index_type == IndexType::General) {
            out << ",\"isIndexed\":true";
        }
        if (index_type == IndexType::Fulltext) {
            out << ",\"isFulltextIndexed\":true";
        }
        out << "}";
        if (i < sz - 1) {
            out << ",";
        }
    }
    out << "]}";
}

bool Table::operator==(const Table& t) const
{
    if (size() != t.size()) {
        return false;
    }
    // Check columns
    for (auto ck : this->get_column_keys()) {
        auto name = get_column_name(ck);
        auto other_ck = t.get_column_key(name);
        auto attrs = ck.get_attrs();
        if (search_index_type(ck) != t.search_index_type(other_ck))
            return false;

        if (!other_ck || other_ck.get_attrs() != attrs) {
            return false;
        }
    }
    auto pk_col = get_primary_key_column();
    for (auto o : *this) {
        Obj other_o;
        if (pk_col) {
            auto pk = o.get_any(pk_col);
            other_o = t.get_object_with_primary_key(pk);
        }
        else {
            other_o = t.get_object(o.get_key());
        }
        if (!(other_o && o == other_o))
            return false;
    }

    return true;
}


void Table::flush_for_commit()
{
    if (m_top.is_attached() && m_top.size() >= top_position_for_version) {
        if (!m_top.is_read_only()) {
            ++m_in_file_version_at_transaction_boundary;
            auto rot_version = RefOrTagged::make_tagged(m_in_file_version_at_transaction_boundary);
            m_top.set(top_position_for_version, rot_version);
        }
    }
}

void Table::refresh_content_version()
{
    REALM_ASSERT(m_top.is_attached());
    if (m_top.size() >= top_position_for_version) {
        // we have versioning info in the file. Use this to conditionally
        // bump the version counter:
        auto rot_version = m_top.get_as_ref_or_tagged(top_position_for_version);
        REALM_ASSERT(rot_version.is_tagged());
        if (m_in_file_version_at_transaction_boundary != rot_version.get_as_int()) {
            m_in_file_version_at_transaction_boundary = rot_version.get_as_int();
            bump_content_version();
        }
    }
    else {
        // assume the worst:
        bump_content_version();
    }
}


// Called when Group is moved to another version - either a rollback or an advance.
// The content of the table is potentially different, so make no assumptions.
void Table::refresh_accessor_tree(bool writable)
{
    REALM_ASSERT(m_cookie == cookie_initialized);
    REALM_ASSERT(m_top.is_attached());
    m_top.init_from_parent();
    m_spec.init_from_parent();
    REALM_ASSERT(m_top.size() > top_position_for_pk_col);
    m_clusters.init_from_parent();
    m_index_refs.init_from_parent();
    m_opposite_table.init_from_parent();
    m_opposite_column.init_from_parent();
    auto rot_pk_key = m_top.get_as_ref_or_tagged(top_position_for_pk_col);
    m_primary_key_col = rot_pk_key.is_tagged() ? ColKey(rot_pk_key.get_as_int()) : ColKey();
    if (m_top.size() > top_position_for_flags) {
        auto rot_flags = m_top.get_as_ref_or_tagged(top_position_for_flags);
        m_table_type = Type(rot_flags.get_as_int() & table_type_mask);
    }
    else {
        m_table_type = Type::TopLevel;
    }
    if (m_top.size() > top_position_for_tombstones && m_top.get_as_ref(top_position_for_tombstones)) {
        // Tombstones exists
        if (!m_tombstones) {
            m_tombstones = std::make_unique<ClusterTree>(this, m_alloc, size_t(top_position_for_tombstones));
        }
        m_tombstones->init_from_parent();
    }
    else {
        m_tombstones = nullptr;
    }
    if (writable) {
        while (m_top.size() < top_position_for_interners)
            m_top.add(0);
    }
    if (m_top.size() > top_position_for_interners) {
        if (m_top.get_as_ref(top_position_for_interners))
            m_interner_data.init_from_parent();
        else
            m_interner_data.detach();
    }
    refresh_content_version();
    bump_storage_version();
    build_column_mapping();
    refresh_string_interners(writable);
    refresh_index_accessors();
}

void Table::refresh_string_interners(bool writable)
{
    if (writable) {
        // if we're in a write transaction, make sure interner arrays are created which will allow
        // string interners to expand with their own data when "learning"
        while (m_top.size() <= top_position_for_interners) {
            m_top.add(0);
        }
    }
    if (m_top.size() > top_position_for_interners && m_top.get_as_ref(top_position_for_interners))
        m_interner_data.update_from_parent();
    else
        m_interner_data.detach();
    if (writable) {
        if (!m_interner_data.is_attached()) {
            m_interner_data.create(NodeHeader::type_HasRefs);
            m_interner_data.update_parent();
        }
    }
    // bring string interners in line with underlying data.
    // Precondition: we rely on the col keys in m_leaf_ndx2colkey[] being up to date.
    for (size_t idx = 0; idx < m_leaf_ndx2colkey.size(); ++idx) {
        auto col_key = m_leaf_ndx2colkey[idx];
        if (col_key == ColKey()) {
            // deleted column, we really don't want a string interner for this
            if (idx < m_string_interners.size() && m_string_interners[idx])
                m_string_interners[idx].reset();
            continue;
        }
        if (!needs_string_interner(col_key))
            continue;

        REALM_ASSERT_DEBUG(col_key.get_index().val == idx);
        // maintain sufficient size of interner arrays to cover all columns
        while (idx >= m_string_interners.size()) {
            m_string_interners.push_back({});
        }
        while (writable && idx >= m_interner_data.size()) { // m_interner_data.is_attached() per above
            m_interner_data.add(0);
        }
        if (m_string_interners[idx]) {
            // existing interner
            m_string_interners[idx]->update_from_parent(writable);
        }
        else {
            // new interner. Note: if not in a writable state, the interner will not have a valid
            // underlying data array. The interner will be set in a state, where it cannot "learn",
            // and searches will not find any matching interned strings.
            m_string_interners[idx] = std::make_unique<StringInterner>(m_alloc, m_interner_data, col_key, writable);
        }
    }
    if (m_string_interners.size() > m_leaf_ndx2colkey.size()) {
        // remove any string interners which are no longer reachable,
        // e.g. after a rollback
        m_string_interners.resize(m_leaf_ndx2colkey.size());
    }
}

void Table::refresh_index_accessors()
{
    // Refresh search index accessors

    // First eliminate any index accessors for eliminated last columns
    size_t col_ndx_end = m_leaf_ndx2colkey.size();
    m_index_accessors.resize(col_ndx_end);

    // Then eliminate/refresh/create accessors within column range
    // we can not use for_each_column() here, since the columns may have changed
    // and the index accessor vector is not updated correspondingly.
    for (size_t col_ndx = 0; col_ndx < col_ndx_end; col_ndx++) {
        ref_type ref = m_index_refs.get_as_ref(col_ndx);

        if (ref == 0) {
            // accessor drop
            m_index_accessors[col_ndx].reset();
        }
        else {
            auto attr = m_spec.get_column_attr(m_leaf_ndx2spec_ndx[col_ndx]);
            bool fulltext = attr.test(col_attr_FullText_Indexed);
            auto col_key = m_leaf_ndx2colkey[col_ndx];
            ClusterColumn virtual_col(&m_clusters, col_key, fulltext ? IndexType::Fulltext : IndexType::General);

            if (m_index_accessors[col_ndx]) { // still there, refresh:
                m_index_accessors[col_ndx]->refresh_accessor_tree(virtual_col);
            }
            else { // new index!
                m_index_accessors[col_ndx] =
                    std::make_unique<StringIndex>(ref, &m_index_refs, col_ndx, virtual_col, get_alloc());
            }
        }
    }
}

bool Table::is_cross_table_link_target() const noexcept
{
    auto is_cross_link = [this](ColKey col_key) {
        auto t = col_key.get_type();
        // look for a backlink with a different target than ourselves
        return (t == col_type_BackLink && get_opposite_table_key(col_key) != get_key())
                   ? IteratorControl::Stop
                   : IteratorControl::AdvanceToNext;
    };
    return for_each_backlink_column(is_cross_link);
}

// LCOV_EXCL_START ignore debug functions

void Table::verify() const
{
#ifdef REALM_DEBUG
    if (m_top.is_attached())
        m_top.verify();
    m_spec.verify();
    m_clusters.verify();
    if (nb_unresolved())
        m_tombstones->verify();
#endif
}

#ifdef REALM_DEBUG
MemStats Table::stats() const
{
    MemStats mem_stats;
    m_top.stats(mem_stats);
    return mem_stats;
}
#endif // LCOV_EXCL_STOP ignore debug functions

Obj Table::create_object(ObjKey key, const FieldValues& values)
{
    if (is_embedded())
        throw IllegalOperation(util::format("Explicit creation of embedded object not allowed in: %1", get_name()));
    if (m_primary_key_col)
        throw IllegalOperation(util::format("Table has primary key: %1", get_name()));
    if (key == null_key) {
        GlobalKey object_id = allocate_object_id_squeezed();
        key = object_id.get_local_key(get_sync_file_id());
        // Check if this key collides with an already existing object
        // This could happen if objects were at some point created with primary keys,
        // but later primary key property was removed from the schema.
        while (m_clusters.is_valid(key)) {
            object_id = allocate_object_id_squeezed();
            key = object_id.get_local_key(get_sync_file_id());
        }
        if (auto repl = get_repl())
            repl->create_object(this, object_id);
    }

    REALM_ASSERT(key.value >= 0);

    Obj obj = m_clusters.insert(key, values); // repl->set()

    return obj;
}

Obj Table::create_linked_object()
{
    REALM_ASSERT(is_embedded());

    GlobalKey object_id = allocate_object_id_squeezed();
    ObjKey key = object_id.get_local_key(get_sync_file_id());
    REALM_ASSERT(key.value >= 0);

    if (auto repl = get_repl())
        repl->create_linked_object(this, key);

    Obj obj = m_clusters.insert(key, {});

    return obj;
}

Obj Table::create_object(GlobalKey object_id, const FieldValues& values)
{
    if (is_embedded())
        throw IllegalOperation(util::format("Explicit creation of embedded object not allowed in: %1", get_name()));
    if (m_primary_key_col)
        throw IllegalOperation(util::format("Table has primary key: %1", get_name()));
    ObjKey key = object_id.get_local_key(get_sync_file_id());

    if (auto repl = get_repl())
        repl->create_object(this, object_id);

    try {
        Obj obj = m_clusters.insert(key, values);
        // Check if tombstone exists
        if (m_tombstones && m_tombstones->is_valid(key.get_unresolved())) {
            auto unres_key = key.get_unresolved();
            // Copy links over
            auto tombstone = m_tombstones->get(unres_key);
            obj.assign_pk_and_backlinks(tombstone);
            // If tombstones had no links to it, it may still be alive
            if (m_tombstones->is_valid(unres_key)) {
                CascadeState state(CascadeState::Mode::None);
                m_tombstones->erase(unres_key, state);
            }
        }

        return obj;
    }
    catch (const KeyAlreadyUsed&) {
        return m_clusters.get(key);
    }
}

Obj Table::create_object_with_primary_key(const Mixed& primary_key, FieldValues&& field_values, UpdateMode mode,
                                          bool* did_create)
{
    auto primary_key_col = get_primary_key_column();
    if (is_embedded() || !primary_key_col)
        throw InvalidArgument(ErrorCodes::UnexpectedPrimaryKey,
                              util::format("Table has no primary key: %1", get_name()));

    DataType type = DataType(primary_key_col.get_type());

    if (primary_key.is_null() && !primary_key_col.is_nullable()) {
        throw InvalidArgument(
            ErrorCodes::PropertyNotNullable,
            util::format("Primary key for class %1 cannot be NULL", Group::table_name_to_class_name(get_name())));
    }

    if (!(primary_key.is_null() && primary_key_col.get_attrs().test(col_attr_Nullable)) &&
        primary_key.get_type() != type) {
        throw InvalidArgument(ErrorCodes::TypeMismatch, util::format("Wrong primary key type for class %1",
                                                                     Group::table_name_to_class_name(get_name())));
    }

    REALM_ASSERT(type == type_String || type == type_ObjectId || type == type_Int || type == type_UUID);

    if (did_create)
        *did_create = false;

    // Check for existing object
    if (ObjKey key = m_index_accessors[primary_key_col.get_index().val]->find_first(primary_key)) {
        if (mode == UpdateMode::never) {
            throw ObjectAlreadyExists(this->get_class_name(), primary_key);
        }
        auto obj = m_clusters.get(key);
        for (auto& val : field_values) {
            if (mode == UpdateMode::all || obj.get_any(val.col_key) != val.value) {
                obj.set_any(val.col_key, val.value, val.is_default);
            }
        }
        return obj;
    }

    ObjKey unres_key;
    if (m_tombstones) {
        // Check for potential tombstone
        GlobalKey object_id{primary_key};
        ObjKey object_key = global_to_local_object_id_hashed(object_id);

        ObjKey key = object_key.get_unresolved();
        if (auto obj = m_tombstones->try_get_obj(key)) {
            auto existing_pk_value = obj.get_any(primary_key_col);

            // If the primary key is the same, the object should be resurrected below
            if (existing_pk_value == primary_key) {
                unres_key = key;
            }
        }
    }

    ObjKey key = get_next_valid_key();

    auto repl = get_repl();
    if (repl) {
        repl->create_object_with_primary_key(this, key, primary_key);
    }
    if (did_create) {
        *did_create = true;
    }

    field_values.insert(primary_key_col, primary_key);
    Obj ret = m_clusters.insert(key, field_values);

    // Check if unresolved exists
    if (unres_key) {
        if (Replication* repl = get_repl()) {
            if (auto logger = repl->would_log(util::Logger::Level::debug)) {
                logger->log(LogCategory::object, util::Logger::Level::debug, "Cancel tombstone on '%1': %2",
                            get_class_name(), unres_key);
            }
        }

        auto tombstone = m_tombstones->get(unres_key);
        ret.assign_pk_and_backlinks(tombstone);
        // If tombstones had no links to it, it may still be alive
        if (m_tombstones->is_valid(unres_key)) {
            CascadeState state(CascadeState::Mode::None);
            m_tombstones->erase(unres_key, state);
        }
    }
    if (is_asymmetric() && repl && repl->get_history_type() == Replication::HistoryType::hist_SyncClient) {
        get_parent_group()->m_tables_to_clear.insert(this->m_key);
    }
    return ret;
}

ObjKey Table::find_primary_key(Mixed primary_key) const
{
    auto primary_key_col = get_primary_key_column();
    REALM_ASSERT(primary_key_col);
    DataType type = DataType(primary_key_col.get_type());
    REALM_ASSERT((primary_key.is_null() && primary_key_col.get_attrs().test(col_attr_Nullable)) ||
                 primary_key.get_type() == type);

    if (auto&& index = m_index_accessors[primary_key_col.get_index().val]) {
        return index->find_first(primary_key);
    }

    // This must be file format 11, 20 or 21 as those are the ones we can open in read-only mode
    // so try the old algorithm
    GlobalKey object_id{primary_key};
    ObjKey object_key = global_to_local_object_id_hashed(object_id);

    // Check if existing
    if (auto obj = m_clusters.try_get_obj(object_key)) {
        auto existing_pk_value = obj.get_any(primary_key_col);

        if (existing_pk_value == primary_key) {
            return object_key;
        }
    }
    return {};
}

ObjKey Table::get_objkey_from_primary_key(const Mixed& primary_key)
{
    // Check if existing
    if (auto key = find_primary_key(primary_key)) {
        return key;
    }

    // Object does not exist - create tombstone
    GlobalKey object_id{primary_key};
    ObjKey object_key = global_to_local_object_id_hashed(object_id);
    return get_or_create_tombstone(object_key, m_primary_key_col, primary_key).get_key();
}

ObjKey Table::get_objkey_from_global_key(GlobalKey global_key)
{
    REALM_ASSERT(!m_primary_key_col);
    auto object_key = global_key.get_local_key(get_sync_file_id());

    // Check if existing
    if (m_clusters.is_valid(object_key)) {
        return object_key;
    }

    return get_or_create_tombstone(object_key, {}, {}).get_key();
}

ObjKey Table::get_objkey(GlobalKey global_key) const
{
    ObjKey key;
    REALM_ASSERT(!m_primary_key_col);
    uint32_t max = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
    if (global_key.hi() <= max && global_key.lo() <= max) {
        key = global_key.get_local_key(get_sync_file_id());
    }
    if (key && !is_valid(key)) {
        key = realm::null_key;
    }
    return key;
}

GlobalKey Table::get_object_id(ObjKey key) const
{
    auto col = get_primary_key_column();
    if (col) {
        const Obj obj = get_object(key);
        auto val = obj.get_any(col);
        return {val};
    }
    else {
        return {key, get_sync_file_id()};
    }
    return {};
}

Obj Table::get_object_with_primary_key(Mixed primary_key) const
{
    auto primary_key_col = get_primary_key_column();
    REALM_ASSERT(primary_key_col);
    DataType type = DataType(primary_key_col.get_type());
    REALM_ASSERT((primary_key.is_null() && primary_key_col.get_attrs().test(col_attr_Nullable)) ||
                 primary_key.get_type() == type);
    ObjKey k = m_index_accessors[primary_key_col.get_index().val]->find_first(primary_key);
    return k ? m_clusters.get(k) : Obj{};
}

Mixed Table::get_primary_key(ObjKey key) const
{
    auto primary_key_col = get_primary_key_column();
    REALM_ASSERT(primary_key_col);
    if (key.is_unresolved()) {
        REALM_ASSERT(m_tombstones);
        return m_tombstones->get(key).get_any(primary_key_col);
    }
    else {
        return m_clusters.get(key).get_any(primary_key_col);
    }
}

GlobalKey Table::allocate_object_id_squeezed()
{
    // m_client_file_ident will be zero if we haven't been in contact with
    // the server yet.
    auto peer_id = get_sync_file_id();
    auto sequence = allocate_sequence_number();
    return GlobalKey{peer_id, sequence};
}

namespace {

/// Calculate optimistic local ID that may collide with others. It is up to
/// the caller to ensure that collisions are detected and that
/// allocate_local_id_after_collision() is called to obtain a non-colliding
/// ID.
inline ObjKey get_optimistic_local_id_hashed(GlobalKey global_id)
{
#if REALM_EXERCISE_OBJECT_ID_COLLISION
    const uint64_t optimistic_mask = 0xff;
#else
    const uint64_t optimistic_mask = 0x3fffffffffffffff;
#endif
    static_assert(!(optimistic_mask >> 62), "optimistic Object ID mask must leave the 63rd and 64th bit zero");
    return ObjKey{int64_t(global_id.lo() & optimistic_mask)};
}

inline ObjKey make_tagged_local_id_after_hash_collision(uint64_t sequence_number)
{
    REALM_ASSERT(!(sequence_number >> 62));
    return ObjKey{int64_t(0x4000000000000000 | sequence_number)};
}

} // namespace

ObjKey Table::global_to_local_object_id_hashed(GlobalKey object_id) const
{
    ObjKey optimistic = get_optimistic_local_id_hashed(object_id);

    if (ref_type collision_map_ref = to_ref(m_top.get(top_position_for_collision_map))) {
        Allocator& alloc = m_top.get_alloc();
        Array collision_map{alloc};
        collision_map.init_from_ref(collision_map_ref); // Throws

        Array hi{alloc};
        hi.init_from_ref(to_ref(collision_map.get(s_collision_map_hi))); // Throws

        // Entries are ordered by hi,lo
        size_t found = hi.find_first(object_id.hi());
        if (found != npos && uint64_t(hi.get(found)) == object_id.hi()) {
            Array lo{alloc};
            lo.init_from_ref(to_ref(collision_map.get(s_collision_map_lo))); // Throws
            size_t candidate = lo.find_first(object_id.lo(), found);
            if (candidate != npos && uint64_t(hi.get(candidate)) == object_id.hi()) {
                Array local_id{alloc};
                local_id.init_from_ref(to_ref(collision_map.get(s_collision_map_local_id))); // Throws
                return ObjKey{local_id.get(candidate)};
            }
        }
    }

    return optimistic;
}

ObjKey Table::allocate_local_id_after_hash_collision(GlobalKey incoming_id, GlobalKey colliding_id,
                                                     ObjKey colliding_local_id)
{
    // Possible optimization: Cache these accessors
    Allocator& alloc = m_top.get_alloc();
    Array collision_map{alloc};
    Array hi{alloc};
    Array lo{alloc};
    Array local_id{alloc};

    collision_map.set_parent(&m_top, top_position_for_collision_map);
    hi.set_parent(&collision_map, s_collision_map_hi);
    lo.set_parent(&collision_map, s_collision_map_lo);
    local_id.set_parent(&collision_map, s_collision_map_local_id);

    ref_type collision_map_ref = to_ref(m_top.get(top_position_for_collision_map));
    if (collision_map_ref) {
        collision_map.init_from_parent(); // Throws
    }
    else {
        MemRef mem = Array::create_empty_array(Array::type_HasRefs, false, alloc); // Throws
        collision_map.init_from_mem(mem);                                          // Throws
        collision_map.update_parent();

        ref_type lo_ref = Array::create_array(Array::type_Normal, false, 0, 0, alloc).get_ref();       // Throws
        ref_type hi_ref = Array::create_array(Array::type_Normal, false, 0, 0, alloc).get_ref();       // Throws
        ref_type local_id_ref = Array::create_array(Array::type_Normal, false, 0, 0, alloc).get_ref(); // Throws
        collision_map.add(lo_ref);                                                                     // Throws
        collision_map.add(hi_ref);                                                                     // Throws
        collision_map.add(local_id_ref);                                                               // Throws
    }

    hi.init_from_parent();       // Throws
    lo.init_from_parent();       // Throws
    local_id.init_from_parent(); // Throws

    size_t num_entries = hi.size();
    REALM_ASSERT(lo.size() == num_entries);
    REALM_ASSERT(local_id.size() == num_entries);

    auto lower_bound_object_id = [&](GlobalKey object_id) -> size_t {
        size_t i = hi.lower_bound_int(int64_t(object_id.hi()));
        while (i < num_entries && uint64_t(hi.get(i)) == object_id.hi() && uint64_t(lo.get(i)) < object_id.lo())
            ++i;
        return i;
    };

    auto insert_collision = [&](GlobalKey object_id, ObjKey new_local_id) {
        size_t i = lower_bound_object_id(object_id);
        if (i != num_entries) {
            GlobalKey existing{uint64_t(hi.get(i)), uint64_t(lo.get(i))};
            if (existing == object_id) {
                REALM_ASSERT(new_local_id.value == local_id.get(i));
                return;
            }
        }
        hi.insert(i, int64_t(object_id.hi()));
        lo.insert(i, int64_t(object_id.lo()));
        local_id.insert(i, new_local_id.value);
        ++num_entries;
    };

    auto sequence_number_for_local_id = allocate_sequence_number();
    ObjKey new_local_id = make_tagged_local_id_after_hash_collision(sequence_number_for_local_id);
    insert_collision(incoming_id, new_local_id);
    insert_collision(colliding_id, colliding_local_id);

    return new_local_id;
}

Obj Table::get_or_create_tombstone(ObjKey key, ColKey pk_col, Mixed pk_val)
{
    auto unres_key = key.get_unresolved();

    ensure_graveyard();
    auto tombstone = m_tombstones->try_get_obj(unres_key);
    if (tombstone) {
        if (pk_col) {
            auto existing_pk_value = tombstone.get_any(pk_col);
            // It may just be the same object
            if (existing_pk_value != pk_val) {
                // We have a collision - create new ObjKey
                key = allocate_local_id_after_hash_collision({pk_val}, {existing_pk_value}, key);
                return get_or_create_tombstone(key, pk_col, pk_val);
            }
        }
        return tombstone;
    }
    if (Replication* repl = get_repl()) {
        if (auto logger = repl->would_log(util::Logger::Level::debug)) {
            logger->log(LogCategory::object, util::Logger::Level::debug,
                        "Create tombstone for object '%1' with primary key %2 : %3", get_class_name(), pk_val,
                        unres_key);
        }
    }
    return m_tombstones->insert(unres_key, {{pk_col, pk_val}});
}

void Table::free_local_id_after_hash_collision(ObjKey key)
{
    if (ref_type collision_map_ref = to_ref(m_top.get(top_position_for_collision_map))) {
        if (key.is_unresolved()) {
            // Keys will always be inserted as resolved
            key = key.get_unresolved();
        }
        // Possible optimization: Cache these accessors
        Array collision_map{m_alloc};
        Array local_id{m_alloc};

        collision_map.set_parent(&m_top, top_position_for_collision_map);
        local_id.set_parent(&collision_map, s_collision_map_local_id);
        collision_map.init_from_ref(collision_map_ref);
        local_id.init_from_parent();
        auto ndx = local_id.find_first(key.value);
        if (ndx != realm::npos) {
            Array hi{m_alloc};
            Array lo{m_alloc};

            hi.set_parent(&collision_map, s_collision_map_hi);
            lo.set_parent(&collision_map, s_collision_map_lo);
            hi.init_from_parent();
            lo.init_from_parent();

            hi.erase(ndx);
            lo.erase(ndx);
            local_id.erase(ndx);
            if (hi.size() == 0) {
                free_collision_table();
            }
        }
    }
}

void Table::free_collision_table()
{
    if (ref_type collision_map_ref = to_ref(m_top.get(top_position_for_collision_map))) {
        Array::destroy_deep(collision_map_ref, m_alloc);
        m_top.set(top_position_for_collision_map, 0);
    }
}

void Table::create_objects(size_t number, std::vector<ObjKey>& keys)
{
    while (number--) {
        keys.push_back(create_object().get_key());
    }
}

void Table::create_objects(const std::vector<ObjKey>& keys)
{
    for (auto k : keys) {
        create_object(k);
    }
}

void Table::dump_objects()
{
    m_clusters.dump_objects();
    if (nb_unresolved())
        m_tombstones->dump_objects();
}

void Table::remove_object(ObjKey key)
{
    Group* g = get_parent_group();

    if (has_any_embedded_objects() || (g && g->has_cascade_notification_handler())) {
        CascadeState state(CascadeState::Mode::Strong, g);
        state.m_to_be_deleted.emplace_back(m_key, key);
        m_clusters.nullify_incoming_links(key, state);
        remove_recursive(state);
    }
    else {
        CascadeState state(CascadeState::Mode::None, g);
        if (g) {
            m_clusters.nullify_incoming_links(key, state);
        }
        m_clusters.erase(key, state);
    }
}

ObjKey Table::invalidate_object(ObjKey key)
{
    if (is_embedded())
        throw IllegalOperation("Deletion of embedded object not allowed");
    REALM_ASSERT(!key.is_unresolved());

    Obj tombstone;
    auto obj = get_object(key);
    if (obj.has_backlinks(false)) {
        // If the object has backlinks, we should make a tombstone
        // and make inward links point to it,
        if (auto primary_key_col = get_primary_key_column()) {
            auto pk = obj.get_any(primary_key_col);
            GlobalKey object_id{pk};
            auto unres_key = global_to_local_object_id_hashed(object_id);
            tombstone = get_or_create_tombstone(unres_key, primary_key_col, pk);
        }
        else {
            tombstone = get_or_create_tombstone(key, {}, {});
        }
        tombstone.assign_pk_and_backlinks(obj);
    }

    remove_object(key);

    return tombstone.get_key();
}

void Table::remove_object_recursive(ObjKey key)
{
    size_t table_ndx = get_index_in_group();
    if (table_ndx != realm::npos) {
        CascadeState state(CascadeState::Mode::All, get_parent_group());
        state.m_to_be_deleted.emplace_back(m_key, key);
        nullify_links(state);
        remove_recursive(state);
    }
    else {
        // No links in freestanding table
        CascadeState state(CascadeState::Mode::None);
        m_clusters.erase(key, state);
    }
}

Table::Iterator Table::begin() const
{
    return Iterator(m_clusters, 0);
}

Table::Iterator Table::end() const
{
    return Iterator(m_clusters, size());
}

TableRef _impl::TableFriend::get_opposite_link_table(const Table& table, ColKey col_key)
{
    TableRef ret;
    if (col_key) {
        return table.get_opposite_table(col_key);
    }
    return ret;
}

const uint64_t Table::max_num_columns;

void Table::build_column_mapping()
{
    // build column mapping from spec
    // TODO: Optimization - Don't rebuild this for every change
    m_spec_ndx2leaf_ndx.clear();
    m_leaf_ndx2spec_ndx.clear();
    m_leaf_ndx2colkey.clear();
    size_t num_spec_cols = m_spec.get_column_count();
    m_spec_ndx2leaf_ndx.resize(num_spec_cols);
    for (size_t spec_ndx = 0; spec_ndx < num_spec_cols; ++spec_ndx) {
        ColKey col_key = m_spec.get_key(spec_ndx);
        unsigned leaf_ndx = col_key.get_index().val;
        if (leaf_ndx >= m_leaf_ndx2colkey.size()) {
            m_leaf_ndx2colkey.resize(leaf_ndx + 1);
            m_leaf_ndx2spec_ndx.resize(leaf_ndx + 1, -1);
        }
        m_spec_ndx2leaf_ndx[spec_ndx] = ColKey::Idx{leaf_ndx};
        m_leaf_ndx2spec_ndx[leaf_ndx] = spec_ndx;
        m_leaf_ndx2colkey[leaf_ndx] = col_key;
    }
}

ColKey Table::generate_col_key(ColumnType tp, ColumnAttrMask attr)
{
    REALM_ASSERT(!attr.test(col_attr_Indexed));
    REALM_ASSERT(!attr.test(col_attr_Unique)); // Must not be encoded into col_key

    int64_t col_seq_number = m_top.get_as_ref_or_tagged(top_position_for_column_key).get_as_int();
    unsigned upper = unsigned(col_seq_number ^ get_key().value);

    // reuse lowest available leaf ndx:
    unsigned lower = unsigned(m_leaf_ndx2colkey.size());
    // look for an unused entry:
    for (unsigned idx = 0; idx < lower; ++idx) {
        if (m_leaf_ndx2colkey[idx] == ColKey()) {
            lower = idx;
            break;
        }
    }
    return ColKey(ColKey::Idx{lower}, tp, attr, upper);
}

Table::BacklinkOrigin Table::find_backlink_origin(StringData origin_table_name,
                                                  StringData origin_col_name) const noexcept
{
    BacklinkOrigin ret;
    auto f = [&](ColKey backlink_col_key) {
        auto origin_table = get_opposite_table(backlink_col_key);
        auto origin_link_col = get_opposite_column(backlink_col_key);
        if (origin_table->get_name() == origin_table_name &&
            origin_table->get_column_name(origin_link_col) == origin_col_name) {
            ret = BacklinkOrigin{{origin_table, origin_link_col}};
            return IteratorControl::Stop;
        }
        return IteratorControl::AdvanceToNext;
    };
    this->for_each_backlink_column(f);
    return ret;
}

Table::BacklinkOrigin Table::find_backlink_origin(ColKey backlink_col) const noexcept
{
    try {
        TableKey linked_table_key = get_opposite_table_key(backlink_col);
        ColKey linked_column_key = get_opposite_column(backlink_col);
        if (linked_table_key == m_key) {
            return {{m_own_ref, linked_column_key}};
        }
        else {
            Group* current_group = get_parent_group();
            if (current_group) {
                ConstTableRef linked_table_ref = current_group->get_table(linked_table_key);
                return {{linked_table_ref, linked_column_key}};
            }
        }
    }
    catch (...) {
        // backlink column not found, returning empty optional
    }
    return {};
}

std::vector<std::pair<TableKey, ColKey>> Table::get_incoming_link_columns() const noexcept
{
    std::vector<std::pair<TableKey, ColKey>> origins;
    auto f = [&](ColKey backlink_col_key) {
        auto origin_table_key = get_opposite_table_key(backlink_col_key);
        auto origin_link_col = get_opposite_column(backlink_col_key);
        origins.emplace_back(origin_table_key, origin_link_col);
        return IteratorControl::AdvanceToNext;
    };
    this->for_each_backlink_column(f);
    return origins;
}

ColKey Table::get_primary_key_column() const
{
    return m_primary_key_col;
}

void Table::set_primary_key_column(ColKey col_key)
{
    if (col_key == m_primary_key_col) {
        return;
    }

    if (Replication* repl = get_repl()) {
        if (repl->get_history_type() == Replication::HistoryType::hist_SyncClient) {
            throw RuntimeError(
                ErrorCodes::BrokenInvariant,
                util::format("Cannot change primary key property in '%1' when realm is synchronized", get_name()));
        }
    }

    REALM_ASSERT_RELEASE(col_key.value >= 0); // Just to be sure. We have an issue where value seems to be -1

    if (col_key) {
        check_column(col_key);
        validate_column_is_unique(col_key);
        do_set_primary_key_column(col_key);
    }
    else {
        do_set_primary_key_column(col_key);
    }
}


void Table::do_set_primary_key_column(ColKey col_key)
{
    if (col_key) {
        auto spec_ndx = leaf_ndx2spec_ndx(col_key.get_index());
        auto attr = m_spec.get_column_attr(spec_ndx);
        if (attr.test(col_attr_FullText_Indexed)) {
            throw InvalidColumnKey("primary key cannot have a full text index");
        }
    }

    if (m_primary_key_col) {
        // If the search index has not been set explicitly on current pk col, we remove it again
        auto spec_ndx = leaf_ndx2spec_ndx(m_primary_key_col.get_index());
        auto attr = m_spec.get_column_attr(spec_ndx);
        if (!attr.test(col_attr_Indexed)) {
            remove_search_index(m_primary_key_col);
        }
    }

    if (col_key) {
        m_top.set(top_position_for_pk_col, RefOrTagged::make_tagged(col_key.value));
        do_add_search_index(col_key, IndexType::General);
    }
    else {
        m_top.set(top_position_for_pk_col, 0);
    }

    m_primary_key_col = col_key;
}

bool Table::contains_unique_values(ColKey col) const
{
    if (search_index_type(col) == IndexType::General) {
        auto search_index = get_search_index(col);
        return !search_index->has_duplicate_values();
    }
    else {
        TableView tv = where().find_all();
        tv.distinct(col);
        return tv.size() == size();
    }
}

void Table::validate_column_is_unique(ColKey col) const
{
    if (!contains_unique_values(col)) {
        throw MigrationFailed(util::format("Primary key property '%1.%2' has duplicate values after migration.",
                                           get_class_name(), get_column_name(col)));
    }
}

void Table::validate_primary_column()
{
    if (ColKey col = get_primary_key_column()) {
        validate_column_is_unique(col);
    }
}

ObjKey Table::get_next_valid_key()
{
    ObjKey key;
    do {
        key = ObjKey(allocate_sequence_number());
    } while (m_clusters.is_valid(key));

    return key;
}

namespace {
template <class T>
typename util::RemoveOptional<T>::type remove_optional(T val)
{
    return val;
}
template <>
int64_t remove_optional<Optional<int64_t>>(Optional<int64_t> val)
{
    return *val;
}
template <>
bool remove_optional<Optional<bool>>(Optional<bool> val)
{
    return *val;
}
template <>
ObjectId remove_optional<Optional<ObjectId>>(Optional<ObjectId> val)
{
    return *val;
}
template <>
UUID remove_optional<Optional<UUID>>(Optional<UUID> val)
{
    return *val;
}
} // namespace

template <class F, class T>
void Table::change_nullability(ColKey key_from, ColKey key_to, bool throw_on_null)
{
    Allocator& allocator = this->get_alloc();
    bool from_nullability = is_nullable(key_from);
    auto func = [&](Cluster* cluster) {
        size_t sz = cluster->node_size();

        typename ColumnTypeTraits<F>::cluster_leaf_type from_arr(allocator);
        typename ColumnTypeTraits<T>::cluster_leaf_type to_arr(allocator);
        cluster->init_leaf(key_from, &from_arr);
        cluster->init_leaf(key_to, &to_arr);

        for (size_t i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
            if (from_nullability && from_arr.is_null(i)) {
                if (throw_on_null) {
                    throw RuntimeError(ErrorCodes::BrokenInvariant,
                                       util::format("Objects in '%1' has null value(s) in property '%2'", get_name(),
                                                    get_column_name(key_from)));
                }
                else {
                    to_arr.set(i, ColumnTypeTraits<T>::cluster_leaf_type::default_value(false));
                }
            }
            else {
                auto v = remove_optional(from_arr.get(i));
                to_arr.set(i, v);
            }
        }
    };

    m_clusters.update(func);
}

template <class F, class T>
void Table::change_nullability_list(ColKey key_from, ColKey key_to, bool throw_on_null)
{
    Allocator& allocator = this->get_alloc();
    bool from_nullability = is_nullable(key_from);
    auto func = [&](Cluster* cluster) {
        size_t sz = cluster->node_size();

        ArrayInteger from_arr(allocator);
        ArrayInteger to_arr(allocator);
        cluster->init_leaf(key_from, &from_arr);
        cluster->init_leaf(key_to, &to_arr);

        for (size_t i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
            ref_type ref_from = to_ref(from_arr.get(i));
            ref_type ref_to = to_ref(to_arr.get(i));
            REALM_ASSERT(!ref_to);

            if (ref_from) {
                BPlusTree<F> from_list(allocator);
                BPlusTree<T> to_list(allocator);
                from_list.init_from_ref(ref_from);
                to_list.create();
                size_t n = from_list.size();
                for (size_t j = 0; j < n; j++) {
                    auto v = from_list.get(j);
                    if (!from_nullability || aggregate_operations::valid_for_agg(v)) {
                        to_list.add(remove_optional(v));
                    }
                    else {
                        if (throw_on_null) {
                            throw RuntimeError(ErrorCodes::BrokenInvariant,
                                               util::format("Objects in '%1' has null value(s) in list property '%2'",
                                                            get_name(), get_column_name(key_from)));
                        }
                        else {
                            to_list.add(ColumnTypeTraits<T>::cluster_leaf_type::default_value(false));
                        }
                    }
                }
                to_arr.set(i, from_ref(to_list.get_ref()));
            }
        }
    };

    m_clusters.update(func);
}

void Table::convert_column(ColKey from, ColKey to, bool throw_on_null)
{
    realm::DataType type_id = get_column_type(from);
    bool _is_list = is_list(from);
    if (_is_list) {
        switch (type_id) {
            case type_Int:
                if (is_nullable(from)) {
                    change_nullability_list<Optional<int64_t>, int64_t>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                }
                else {
                    change_nullability_list<int64_t, Optional<int64_t>>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                }
                break;
            case type_Float:
                change_nullability_list<float, float>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                break;
            case type_Double:
                change_nullability_list<double, double>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                break;
            case type_Bool:
                change_nullability_list<Optional<bool>, Optional<bool>>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                break;
            case type_String:
                change_nullability_list<StringData, StringData>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                break;
            case type_Binary:
                change_nullability_list<BinaryData, BinaryData>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                break;
            case type_Timestamp:
                change_nullability_list<Timestamp, Timestamp>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                break;
            case type_ObjectId:
                if (is_nullable(from)) {
                    change_nullability_list<Optional<ObjectId>, ObjectId>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                }
                else {
                    change_nullability_list<ObjectId, Optional<ObjectId>>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                }
                break;
            case type_Decimal:
                change_nullability_list<Decimal128, Decimal128>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                break;
            case type_UUID:
                if (is_nullable(from)) {
                    change_nullability_list<Optional<UUID>, UUID>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                }
                else {
                    change_nullability_list<UUID, Optional<UUID>>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                }
                break;
            case type_Link:
            case type_TypedLink:
                // Can't have lists of these types
            case type_Mixed:
                // These types are no longer supported at all
                REALM_UNREACHABLE();
                break;
        }
    }
    else {
        switch (type_id) {
            case type_Int:
                if (is_nullable(from)) {
                    change_nullability<Optional<int64_t>, int64_t>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                }
                else {
                    change_nullability<int64_t, Optional<int64_t>>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                }
                break;
            case type_Float:
                change_nullability<float, float>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                break;
            case type_Double:
                change_nullability<double, double>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                break;
            case type_Bool:
                change_nullability<Optional<bool>, Optional<bool>>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                break;
            case type_String:
                change_nullability<StringData, StringData>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                break;
            case type_Binary:
                change_nullability<BinaryData, BinaryData>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                break;
            case type_Timestamp:
                change_nullability<Timestamp, Timestamp>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                break;
            case type_ObjectId:
                if (is_nullable(from)) {
                    change_nullability<Optional<ObjectId>, ObjectId>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                }
                else {
                    change_nullability<ObjectId, Optional<ObjectId>>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                }
                break;
            case type_Decimal:
                change_nullability<Decimal128, Decimal128>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                break;
            case type_UUID:
                if (is_nullable(from)) {
                    change_nullability<Optional<UUID>, UUID>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                }
                else {
                    change_nullability<UUID, Optional<UUID>>(from, to, throw_on_null);
                }
                break;
            case type_TypedLink:
            case type_Link:
                // Always nullable, so can't convert
            case type_Mixed:
                // These types are no longer supported at all
                REALM_UNREACHABLE();
                break;
        }
    }
}


ColKey Table::set_nullability(ColKey col_key, bool nullable, bool throw_on_null)
{
    if (col_key.is_nullable() == nullable)
        return col_key;

    check_column(col_key);

    auto index_type = search_index_type(col_key);
    std::string column_name(get_column_name(col_key));
    auto type = col_key.get_type();
    auto attr = col_key.get_attrs();
    bool is_pk_col = (col_key == m_primary_key_col);
    if (nullable) {
        attr.set(col_attr_Nullable);
    }
    else {
        attr.reset(col_attr_Nullable);
    }

    ColKey new_col = generate_col_key(type, attr);
    do_insert_root_column(new_col, type, "__temporary");

    try {
        convert_column(col_key, new_col, throw_on_null);
    }
    catch (...) {
        // remove any partially filled column
        remove_column(new_col);
        throw;
    }

    if (is_pk_col) {
        // If we go from non nullable to nullable, no values change,
        // so it is safe to preserve the pk column. Otherwise it is not
        // safe as a null entry might have been converted to default value.
        do_set_primary_key_column(nullable ? new_col : ColKey{});
    }

    erase_root_column(col_key);
    m_spec.rename_column(colkey2spec_ndx(new_col), column_name);

    if (index_type != IndexType::None)
        do_add_search_index(new_col, index_type);

    return new_col;
}

bool Table::has_any_embedded_objects()
{
    if (!m_has_any_embedded_objects) {
        m_has_any_embedded_objects = false;
        for_each_public_column([&](ColKey col_key) {
            auto target_table_key = get_opposite_table_key(col_key);
            if (target_table_key && is_link_type(col_key.get_type())) {
                auto target_table = get_parent_group()->get_table_unchecked(target_table_key);
                if (target_table->is_embedded()) {
                    m_has_any_embedded_objects = true;
                    return IteratorControl::Stop; // early out
                }
            }
            return IteratorControl::AdvanceToNext;
        });
    }
    return *m_has_any_embedded_objects;
}

void Table::set_opposite_column(ColKey col_key, TableKey opposite_table, ColKey opposite_column)
{
    m_opposite_table.set(col_key.get_index().val, opposite_table.value);
    m_opposite_column.set(col_key.get_index().val, opposite_column.value);
}

ColKey Table::find_backlink_column(ColKey origin_col_key, TableKey origin_table) const
{
    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_opposite_column.size(); i++) {
        if (m_opposite_column.get(i) == origin_col_key.value && m_opposite_table.get(i) == origin_table.value) {
            return m_spec.get_key(m_leaf_ndx2spec_ndx[i]);
        }
    }

    return {};
}

ColKey Table::find_or_add_backlink_column(ColKey origin_col_key, TableKey origin_table)
{
    ColKey backlink_col_key = find_backlink_column(origin_col_key, origin_table);

    if (!backlink_col_key) {
        backlink_col_key = do_insert_root_column(ColKey{}, col_type_BackLink, "");
        set_opposite_column(backlink_col_key, origin_table, origin_col_key);

        if (Replication* repl = get_repl())
            repl->typed_link_change(get_parent_group()->get_table_unchecked(origin_table), origin_col_key,
                                    m_key); // Throws
    }

    return backlink_col_key;
}

TableKey Table::get_opposite_table_key(ColKey col_key) const
{
    return TableKey(int32_t(m_opposite_table.get(col_key.get_index().val)));
}

bool Table::links_to_self(ColKey col_key) const
{
    return get_opposite_table_key(col_key) == m_key;
}

TableRef Table::get_opposite_table(ColKey col_key) const
{
    if (auto k = get_opposite_table_key(col_key)) {
        return get_parent_group()->get_table(k);
    }
    return {};
}

ColKey Table::get_opposite_column(ColKey col_key) const
{
    return ColKey(m_opposite_column.get(col_key.get_index().val));
}

ColKey Table::find_opposite_column(ColKey col_key) const
{
    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_opposite_column.size(); i++) {
        if (m_opposite_column.get(i) == col_key.value) {
            return m_spec.get_key(m_leaf_ndx2spec_ndx[i]);
        }
    }
    return ColKey();
}

ref_type Table::typed_write(ref_type ref, _impl::ArrayWriterBase& out) const
{
    REALM_ASSERT(ref == m_top.get_mem().get_ref());
    if (out.only_modified && m_alloc.is_read_only(ref))
        return ref;
    out.table = this;
    // ignore ref from here, just use Tables own accessors
    TempArray dest(m_top.size());
    for (unsigned j = 0; j < m_top.size(); ++j) {
        RefOrTagged rot = m_top.get_as_ref_or_tagged(j);
        if (rot.is_tagged() || (rot.is_ref() && rot.get_as_ref() == 0)) {
            dest.set(j, rot);
        }
        else {
            ref_type new_ref;
            if (j == 2) {
                // only do type driven write for clustertree
                new_ref = m_clusters.typed_write(rot.get_as_ref(), out);
            }
            else {
                // rest is handled using untyped approach
                Array a(m_alloc);
                a.init_from_ref(rot.get_as_ref());
                new_ref = a.write(out, true, out.only_modified, false);
            }
            dest.set_as_ref(j, new_ref);
        }
    }
    return dest.write(out);
}

void Table::typed_print(std::string prefix, ref_type ref) const
{
    REALM_ASSERT(ref == m_top.get_mem().get_ref());
    std::cout << prefix << "Table with key = " << m_key << " " << NodeHeader::header_to_string(m_top.get_header())
              << " {" << std::endl;
    for (unsigned j = 0; j < m_top.size(); ++j) {
        auto pref = prefix + "  " + to_string(j) + ":\t";
        auto rot = m_top.get_as_ref_or_tagged(j);
        if (rot.is_ref() && rot.get_as_ref()) {
            if (j == 0) {
                m_spec.typed_print(pref);
            }
            else if (j == 2) {
                m_clusters.typed_print(pref);
            }
            else {
                Array a(m_alloc);
                a.init_from_ref(rot.get_as_ref());
                std::cout << pref;
                a.typed_print(pref);
            }
        }
    }
    std::cout << prefix << "}" << std::endl;
}

StringInterner* Table::get_string_interner(ColKey::Idx idx) const
{
    REALM_ASSERT(idx.val < m_string_interners.size());
    auto interner = m_string_interners[idx.val].get();
    REALM_ASSERT(interner);
    return interner;
}

realm / realm-core / jorgen.edelbo_334

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